RU2802052C1 - Post sectioning point - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: vacuum switching equipment intended for automatic switching, protection and reconfiguration of overhead power lines. For this, in particular, a lithium-titanate battery source is used, which has a significantly longer resource (up to 15,000 charge-discharge cycles), ensuring operation without replacement during the entire service life of a pole sectioning station (PSS-10), or similar in number charge-discharge cycles. In addition, the PSS-10 power management circuit includes a self-diagnosis and power unit for measuring and monitoring the state of the battery, which, among other things, monitors battery parameters, as well as switching on (off) and calculating the battery capacity and controlling battery charging, as well as transmitting this information through the communication module for data exchange with the dispatch center.

EFFECT: reliability, durability, observability and calculation of capacitive (power) characteristics of rechargeable batteries.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to vacuum switching technology, and is intended for automatic switching, protection and reconfiguration of overhead power lines in order to increase the reliability of power supply to consumers and reduce the undersupply of electricity to subscribers.

The device implements the basic algorithms for relay protection and automation (automatic shutdown, automatic reclosing, sectioning, etc.) of overhead power lines, as well as remote telecontrol functions via existing and new communication channels, which allows for integration into automated and automatic control systems medium voltage networks.

Known devices for switching overhead power lines (PL) placed on their support. In particular, a vacuum recloser is known (RF patent for utility model No. 102840, priority dated October 27, 2010), which includes a vacuum circuit breaker enclosed in a solid insulation case with a vacuum chamber containing fixed and movable contacts, a current output connected electrically to a movable contact, and a current transformer winding covering a part of the current output, characterized in that the current output section located in the vacuum circuit breaker housing is made in the form of a cylinder, and in the side walls of the vacuum circuit breaker housing there is a current transformer winding covering this current output section.

The disadvantage of this design is the weak mechanical strength, resistance to adverse weather conditions (snow, wind, ice) and vandal resistance design.

Also known is the point of sectioning and commercial accounting of electricity pole (RF patent for utility model No. 87577, priority dated November 24, 2008), containing current and voltage transformers, a vacuum switch that forms high-voltage modules, elements for collecting, processing, accounting and transmitting information, vacuum circuit breaker control elements, relay or microprocessor protection and automation devices, forming low-voltage modules connected to the high-voltage module by cables, characterized in that the indicated current and voltage transformers, having the required accuracy class for commercial accounting, and the vacuum circuit breaker are placed in one housing with high-voltage inputs, forming a high-voltage module, and the mentioned elements for collecting, processing, recording and transmitting information and the control elements of the vacuum circuit breaker, relay or microprocessor protection and automation devices are placed in another case located at a low potential and forming a low-voltage module, both modules being installed on one pole and connected by cables, while the cable from the current and voltage transformers to the low-voltage module is laid in a flexible metal hose.

The disadvantage of this design is the use of traditional analog current sensors and voltage sensors, which increases the weight and dimensions of the device. Also, the disadvantage of this design is the use of a rechargeable battery (battery) in the auxiliary power supply system without a self-diagnostic device and remote signaling of the state of the battery.

As a prototype of the proposed technical solution, a sectioning point for switching and protecting overhead power lines was selected, including a high-voltage module and a low-voltage control and protection unit located in separate housings and connected by a cable, and auxiliary transformers, while the high-voltage module contains inputs for connecting to an overhead power lines, current transformers and a vacuum circuit breaker, and a low-voltage control and protection unit contains vacuum circuit breaker controls, a relay or microprocessor protection and automation device and a battery for powering secondary circuits in the absence of voltage on the main lines, characterized in that the high-voltage module contains an intermediate isolating transformer, while the auxiliary transformers are located inside the housing of the high-voltage module (RF patent for utility model No. 52276, priority dated 09/07/2005).

The disadvantage of this design is the use of batteries in the low-voltage module with a limited service life and requiring replacement after 5 years of operation. The loss of capacity of this current source is not observed by the operating organization, and the loss of capacity of the battery over time significantly reduces the service life of the product during periods of lack of voltage in the main lines.

The existing technical problem is the limited service life of the batteries used, the loss of the capacity of the backup power source (battery) at low temperatures, the lack of remote monitoring of the state and operation of the backup power source, which makes it difficult for the operating organization to make a decision on the timely replacement of the battery.

The technical result, which the claimed solution is aimed at, is to eliminate the disadvantages of using a battery with a limited service life that loses capacity at sub-zero temperatures, and to apply technical solutions that allow solving the problems of reliability, durability, observability and calculation of capacitive (power) characteristics of the battery.

This technical result is achieved due to:

1) the use of a lithium-titanate source - a battery that has a significantly longer resource (up to 15,000 “charge-discharge” cycles), which ensures operation without replacement during the entire service life of a pole sectioning point (PSS-10), or a similar number of “charge” cycles - category ";

2) inclusion in the power management circuit PSS-10 of a self-diagnosis and power supply unit (BSP) for measuring and monitoring the state of the battery, which, among other things, controls battery parameters, as well as enabling/disabling/calculating the battery capacity and controlling battery charging, as well as transmission of this information through the communication module for data exchange with the dispatch center (DC);

3) the use of an intelligent battery charging program with the ability to set charging profile parameters.

The BSP is also intended for diagnosing the supply voltages coming from the auxiliary transformer (TSN), internal voltages, and in the absence of auxiliary power for switching to battery power.

The combination of the proposed technical solutions allows the operating organization to visit the PSS-10 installation site less often to take and measure the capacitive parameters of the battery, not to service or change the backup source for a long service life, to increase the reliability of the power supply to the product’s own needs at low temperatures and the operating time at absence of voltage in the main lines, increasing the performance of the product as a whole.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

- fig. 1 shows a general view of the PSS-10, mounted on a power transmission line support;

- fig. 2 shows a side view of the PSS-10, mounted on a power transmission tower;

- fig. 3 shows a high voltage module (VM);

- fig. 4 - low-voltage module (NM);

- fig. 5 shows a functional diagram of the PSS-10 self-diagnosis and power supply unit.

On graphic materials and in the description, the following designations of PSS-10 elements are used:

1 - High voltage module (VM);

2 - VM frame;

3 - Support insulators;

4 - Bushings;

5 - Surge arresters (OPN);

6 - Connecting cable;

7 - Low voltage module (NM);

8 - Frame HM;

9 - Auxiliary transformer (TSN);

10 - TSN frame;

11 - Vacuum switch (VV);

12 - Current sensors;

13 - Zero sequence sensors;

14 - Voltage sensors;

15 - Relay protection and automation device (RPA);

16 - Block of self-diagnosis and power supply (BSP);

17 - Vacuum circuit breaker control unit 11 (BUVV);

18 - Communication module;

19 - Rechargeable battery (battery);

20 - Self-diagnosis and charging control module (MSZ);

21 - Switching power supply of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 (SMPS);

22 - Battery charging unit;

23 - Block of capacitors;

24 - Automation devices (automatic switches, auxiliary power protection relays and heating systems).

Post sectioning point (Fig. 1, 2) includes:

- high-voltage module (VM) 1, made in the form of a metal case, installed and supported on the frame VM 2 for fixing on a power transmission line support, connected to the gap of high-voltage three-phase power lines by means of jumpers fixed by clamps and support insulators 3, through bushing insulators 4 for each phase Power transmission line at the input and output of VM 1. Overvoltage protection can be implemented by connecting surge arresters of surge arrester 5 to the jumpers. In Fig. 1, 2 shows the use of three support insulators 3 and three surge arresters 5, respectively, at the input and output of VM 1, installed on traverses and connected by jumpers in parallel to each phase wire, and also connected in parallel with six bushing insulators 4, which serve as inputs and outputs VM 1. The number and type of surge arresters is determined in the terms of reference for a specific type design PSS-10;

- connecting cable 6 connecting the high-voltage module 1 and the low-voltage module 7, containing, in addition to the power circuits, also signal and control wires, through which the measurement, control and signaling signals are transmitted between the PSS-10 elements;

- low-voltage module 7, mounted on frame NM 8, connected to high-voltage module 1 and auxiliary transformer (TSN) 9;

- TSN 9 (one or two, depending on the PSS-10 power supply scheme - one-sided or two-sided, which is also determined in the terms of reference for a specific type of PSS-10), mounted on the TSN 10 frame, acts as a power source for the PSS-10 secondary circuits and connected to HM 7 through a low-voltage power cable on one side and jumpers to a high-voltage power line on the other side. In the case of using two TSN 9, one is connected to the feeder phases on one side of the line, and the second to the tap or feeder phases on the other side, and low-voltage power cables from both TSN 9 come to the NM.

The high-voltage module 1 (Fig. 3) includes a three-phase vacuum circuit breaker 11 connected inside the VM for each phase with input and output bushings 4, i.e. each power contact of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 is connected to the internal contact of the bushing insulator 4. The power connecting buses inside the BM pass phase by phase through current sensors 12, and (optionally) zero sequence sensors 13, necessary to generate signals, respectively, for current and (optionally) zero current sequence, for subsequent transmission of these signals to RPA 15 via connecting cable 6. Voltage sensors 14 are connected to power connecting buses inside VM 1 and are necessary to generate a voltage signal in high-voltage (main) lines for subsequent transmission of these signals to RPA 15 through a connecting cable 6.

The number of voltage sensors, the presence of zero-sequence sensor(s) is determined by the terms of reference for PSS-10 and is due to the need to measure voltages from one or both sides of the feeder (high-voltage line 6-10 kV overhead lines) and the zero-sequence current to perform RZA 15 algorithms.

The low-voltage module 7 (Fig. 4), which implements the functions of controlling explosives, protecting RPA, converting and powering all PSS-10 systems, including the backup battery source 19, consists of the main functional elements, namely:

- relay protection and automation device (RPA) 15, which receives signals generated in the measurement circuits about the value of the measured currents and voltages for each of the phases of the high-voltage 3-phase alternating current circuit of industrial frequency, through the current sensors 12 installed on the bushing insulators 4 and optional zero-sequence sensors 13, as well as TSN 9 and voltage sensors 14. Signals are transmitted through a connecting cable 6;

- self-diagnosis and power unit (BSP) 16, consisting of a self-diagnosis and charging control module (MSSU) 20, a switching power supply (SMPS) 21 of a vacuum circuit breaker 11 and a charging unit 22 of a battery 19;

- the control unit 17 of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 (BUVV 17), the main functions of which are the processing of RPA 15 commands for turning on and off ("ON / OFF") of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 by issuing control voltages and switching the electromagnets of turning on and off the vacuum circuit breaker with electronic keys or relays, transmission of position signals of the main contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 “RPV” - “On position relay” and “RPO” - “Off position relay” in MSUZ 20 and RZA 15;

- communication module 18 with a dispatch center (DC), which transmits and receives information using wireless telemechanics, for example, a radio relay controller, a GSM-3G/4G modem or a GSM/GPRS/LTE(4G) router. The communication module 18 transmits data to the upper level using the following protocols: IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850 (MMS, GOOSE) (optional), MODBUS-TCP, IEC 60870-5-101, MODBUS-RTU. The communication module includes a Bluetooth modem for short-range communication with a remote personnel terminal for servicing PSS-10 in local control mode. With remote control, communication is carried out with a DC located at a distance, as a rule, this is a DC of the distribution network. The communication module 18 transmits real-time telemetry and telesignaling signals, voltage parameters, charging currents and battery status from the RPA 15 to the DC, and also receives telecontrol signals from the DC through standard communication protocols;

- lithium-titanate storage battery AKB 19, which feeds RZA 15, BSP 16, BUVV 17 and communication module 18 in the absence of voltage in the main lines and, accordingly, from TSN 9;

- a block of capacitors 23, designed for operational power supply of the electromagnets for turning on and off the vacuum circuit breaker 11 automatically - through the BUV 17 according to the commands of the RPA 15, locally - according to the commands of local control, or remotely - through the communication module;

- automation devices 24 - automatic switches, auxiliary power protection relays and heating systems. Each circuit breaker is connected to its consumer and serves both to protect this consumer in an emergency, and to protect circuits and NM equipment as a whole.

To perform the tasks of protecting the tap and sectioning of the 6-10 kV overhead line, PSS-10 automatically or manually closes and opens the power circuit of the specified line, and the circuit closes (in the “On” state) through the bushing insulators 4 of the high-voltage module 1, the primary circuits of the current sensors 12, as well as zero-sequence sensors 13 (optional), for the subsequent transmission of these signals to the RPA 15 through the connecting cable 6 and the power contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker 11.

The voltage from the main lines is supplied phase by phase to the voltage sensors 14. The optional use of electronic current and voltage sensors has been implemented, which makes it possible to reduce the weight and size parameters of the high-voltage module.

The secondary circuits are supplied with voltages of 220V, 110V and 24V AC by an auxiliary transformer TSN 9 installed on the TSN 10 frame, through a low-voltage power cable with the introduction of these voltages into the low-voltage module 7 installed on the frame 8, and its elements: RZA 15, BSP 16 , including MSUZ 20, SMPS 21, battery charging unit 22, vacuum circuit breaker control unit, BUVV 17, as well as through BSP 16 communication module 18 and some auxiliary electrical circuits - components, such as, for example, lighting and heating NM.

The relay protection and automation device - RZA 15 continuously monitors the values of current and voltage in automatic mode, comparing the set and saved control values of the settings with the values of the network parameters in real time. After processing the signals from the current sensors 12, zero sequence 13 and voltage 14 and comparing with the preset settings of the RPA 15, it generates telealarm signals for transmission via the communication module 18 to the DC about the abnormal operation of the network and, in the event of an emergency, generates a discrete signal for disconnection of the three-phase vacuum circuit breaker 11 by means of BUVV 17.

RPA 15 settings can be set both in manual mode and through the communication ports of the RPA 15 device itself, as well as remotely through the communication module 18.

The signal from RPA 15 enters the vacuum circuit breaker control unit (BUVV) 17, which, in turn, switches the shutdown circuits and the vacuum circuit breaker 11 goes into the "Disabled" state, breaking the 6-10 kV overhead line and, thus, disconnecting (locating) the emergency section circuits from an undamaged section of the network (feeder) of a high-voltage line 6-10 kV.

Automatic reclosing (AR) (in the AR cycle) is carried out by a similar chain of operations with the passage of the "AR" command from RPA 15. to the position of the vacuum switch corresponding to the commands.

Vacuum circuit breaker 11 can be controlled remotely or manually (locally). When a command is received from the dispatcher, remotely through the communication module 18, or locally from the key fob of a mobile device via Bluetooth or a push-button station installed on the BUVV 17, the vacuum switch 11 is transferred to the state necessary for the dispatcher-electrician to control the network and / or service the tap, section high-voltage line circuits, or other switching tasks using PSS-10.

BSP 16 measures in real time through the built-in analog-to-digital converters (ADC) of the microcontroller, which is part of the MSUZ 20, the supply voltages coming from the auxiliary transformer 9, internal voltages, battery voltages, charges it and, in the absence of operational power, switches power supply of secondary circuits powered by batteries.

Self-diagnosis and charging control module - MSUZ 20 performs the main functions of the BSP 16: sends commands to the BUVV 17, SMPS 21 of the vacuum circuit breaker and the battery charging unit 22 and receives feedback signals from these units.

Communication between MSUZ 20 and RPA 15 is carried out via the RS-485 interface using the MODBUS-RTU protocol - an application-level network protocol used in industrial production for data exchange between devices. The modes of operation of the MSUZ 20 are transmitted to the upper level of the RPA 15 with subsequent translation to the DC through the communication module 18 via the GSM/GPRS/LTE (4G) channel.

Functionally, the work of the BSP 16 is divided into tasks in 2 modes:

1) normal power, when the secondary networks of PSS-10 are powered from TSN 9;

2) backup power, when power comes from battery 19.

In normal power mode, BSP 16 performs the following functions:

- checking the status of the position relay of the vacuum circuit breaker 11 ("RPO" / "RPV"), the status signal comes from BUVV 17;

- checking the values of the supply voltages of the secondary circuits 220 V, NOV, 24 V from TSN 9 (the entire allowable range), the voltage on the battery 19 and the charging and discharging currents of the battery 19. Thus, the parameters of the battery 19 are monitored. The above parameters are checked by comparing the current values with given settings (settings are set by the user at the top level and are programmed into the MSUZ 20 microcontroller);

- inclusion of the charging unit 22 for recharging the battery 19 in case the measured voltage is below the threshold. When the battery 19 is not sufficiently charged, at the command of the MCU 20, the charging unit 22 of the battery 19 is switched on. lifespan of the battery, prevents overheating, undercharging and overcharging of the battery. The sequence of commands to execute the charging profile is carried out according to the program written in the MSUZ 20 microcontroller and which compares the current voltage of the battery 19 and the charging current with the specified values to move to the next stage and stop charging when a certain voltage level on the battery 19 is reached in order to prevent its overcharging;

- transmission of measured voltage values from TSN 9, voltages and currents of battery 19 through RPA 15 to communication module 18, which sends these values to DC;

- transmission of commands between devices included in the BSP 16, via the MODBUS-RTU protocol.

In the backup power mode, when there is no voltage from TSN 9, BSP 16 generates the following signals and performs the following functions:

- a signal for switching on a switching power supply (SMPS) 21 to turn on / off the vacuum circuit breaker 11. Thus, the SMPS 21, which is part of the BSP 16, powered by the battery 19, generates a voltage of 220V to charge the capacitor bank 23, power the RPA 15, BSP 16 , BUVV 17, communication module 18. Battery charging unit 22 is disabled during backup operation;

- supplies signal voltages to the LED signaling, as well as to the DC through the communication module 18;

- monitors commands via the MODBUS-RTU protocol from the upper level through the communication module and RZA 15;

- turns off all consumers and itself (de-energizing the relay of power circuits) when the voltage on battery 19 drops below the critical value.

When power is restored from an external source of TSN 9, the BSP 16 exits the "backup power" state, cuts off power from the battery 19 and switches all systems to the "normal power" mode.

The DC dispatcher gets the opportunity to monitor the state of the power supply circuits and the state of the battery without leaving the PSS-10 installation site, and a large number of charge-discharge cycles of the lithium-titanate battery and the intelligent charging mode allow you not to change the battery for a long service life of the product.

Claims (25)

1. Pillar sectioning point, including a high-voltage module with a vacuum circuit breaker and inputs and outputs for connecting to a break in a power line, an auxiliary transformer that acts as a power source for secondary circuits, and a low-voltage module connected by a connecting cable to a high-voltage module and including a vacuum circuit breaker control unit , relay protection and automation device and battery, characterized in that the high-voltage module is connected to the break in the power line by means of jumpers fixed by clamps and support insulators through bushings for each phase of the power line at the input and output of the high-voltage module; the connecting cable contains, in addition to power circuits, also signal and control wires, through which measurement, control and signaling signals are transmitted between the elements of the device; the auxiliary transformer is connected to the low voltage module via a low voltage power cable, at the same time, the vacuum circuit breaker is connected inside the high-voltage module in each phase to the input and output bushings, the power connecting buses inside the high-voltage module pass phase by phase through the current sensors necessary to generate current signals for their subsequent transmission to the relay protection and automation device through the connecting cable, and voltage sensors connected to the power connecting buses inside the high-voltage module, necessary to generate a voltage signal in high-voltage lines for subsequent transmission of these signals to the relay protection and automation device through the connecting cable; the low-voltage module also contains a self-diagnosis and power supply unit, consisting of a self-diagnosis and charge control unit, a switching power supply for the vacuum circuit breaker and a battery charging unit, while the vacuum circuit breaker control unit is used to process the commands of the relay protection device and the automation of turning on and off the vacuum circuit breaker and transmitting the position signals of the main contacts of the vacuum circuit breaker to the self-diagnostics and charging control module and the relay protection and automation device, which also receive signals generated in the measurement circuits about the value of the measured auxiliary transformer voltage; as well as a communication module that transmits and receives information using wireless telemechanics, transmits real-time telemetry and telesignaling signals, voltage parameters, charging currents and battery status from a relay protection and automation device, and also receives telecontrol signals using standard communication protocols ; a lithium-titanate battery that powers the relay protection and automation device, the self-diagnosis and power unit, the vacuum circuit breaker control unit and the communication module in the absence of voltage in the main lines and from the auxiliary transformer; a block of capacitors for operational power supply of electromagnets for switching on and off the vacuum circuit breaker automatically - through the control unit of the vacuum circuit breaker according to the commands of the relay protection and automation device, locally - according to the commands of local control, or remotely - through the communication module, and automation devices - automatic switches, auxiliary power protection relays and heating systems; at the same time, the relay protection and automation device constantly monitors the network parameters in automatic mode, generates a remote alarm signal for transmission through the communication module about the abnormal operation of the network, a signal to turn off the vacuum circuit breaker in the event of an emergency, as well as a command to automatically reclose the vacuum circuit breaker by means of vacuum circuit breaker control unit; the vacuum circuit breaker can be controlled remotely via a communication module or in manual (local) mode from a key fob of a mobile device via Bluetooth or a push-button station installed on the vacuum circuit breaker control unit; the self-diagnostics and power unit measures in real time the supply voltages coming from the auxiliary transformer, internal voltages, battery voltages, performs charging and, in the absence of operational power, switches the power supply of the secondary circuits to power from the battery; the self-diagnosis and charging control module sends commands to the vacuum circuit breaker control unit, the vacuum circuit breaker switching power supply and the battery charging unit and receives feedback signals from these units; the self-diagnosis and charging control module is connected to the relay protection and automation device via the interface, the self-diagnosis and charging control module operating modes are transferred to the relay protection and automation device with subsequent translation through the communication module; in the normal power supply mode, the self-diagnostics and power unit checks the state of the vacuum circuit breaker position relay, the values of the supply voltages of the secondary circuits from the auxiliary transformer (the entire allowable range), monitors the parameters of the battery, turns on the charger to recharge the battery using an intelligent charging program with the ability to set parameters of the charging profile in case the measured voltage is below the threshold, and its switching off at the end of the charging program, transmission of the measured voltage values from the auxiliary transformer, voltages and currents of the battery through the relay protection and automation device to the communication module, transmission of commands between the devices included in its composition; in the standby power mode, the self-diagnosis and power unit generates a switching power supply signal to turn on / off the vacuum circuit breaker, while the switching power supply generates voltage to charge the capacitor unit, power the relay protection and automation device, the self-diagnosis and power unit, the vacuum circuit breaker control unit , communication module; supplies signal voltages to the LED signaling and communication module, monitors data exchange commands through the communication module and relay protection and automation device, turns off all consumers and itself when the voltage on the battery drops below a critical value; when power is restored from the auxiliary transformer, the self-diagnosis and power unit cuts off power from the battery and transfers all systems to normal power mode. 2. Post sectioning point according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains surge suppressors at the input and output of the high-voltage module, connected in parallel with bushings. 3. Pole sectioning point according to claim 1, characterized in that the power connecting buses inside the high-voltage module pass through zero-sequence sensors necessary to generate zero-sequence current signals for subsequent transmission of these signals to a relay protection and automation device through a connecting cable. 4. Post sectioning point according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of electronic current and voltage sensors is implemented.

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