RU2801434C1 - Method for monitoring level of groundwater in forest area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geological engineering.

SUBSTANCE: wells are drilled at equal distances, taken on the basis of the required measurement accuracy. Measuring equipment is installed in each well and the level of groundwater, the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the humidity of the surface layer are measured. The measured data is transmitted from the measuring equipment via a wireless communication channel to the hub module. Multifactorial relationships of the level of occurrence of groundwater with the measured parameters are determined.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of ground water level monitoring results.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry and can be used in the field of soil suitability factors research in application to specific forest species, and will also find application in the field of localization of forest fires.

The method can be used in forestry, in particular in assessing the water saturation of soils with reference to natural and climatic conditions. The method is aimed at improving the reliability of the assessment of quantitative indicators of the height of groundwater.

Known "Method for monitoring an operated hydraulic structure that falls into the zone of hydraulic influence of new construction" (Bellendir Evgeny Nikolaevich (RU), Rubin Oleg Dmitrievich (RU), Shcherbina Vladimir Ivanovich (RU), Polyak Leonid Efimovich (RU), Kobochkina Ekaterina Mikhailovna (RU ), Antonov Anton Sergeevich (RU), RU 2 726 234 C1, IPC E02B 3/00 (2006.01), 02/18/2020) operated and under construction) ground base, characterized by the fact that in the zone between the operated and under construction structures, at least one observation point is formed from wells equipped with groundwater level sensors, a computer geofiltration model of the common ground base of the operated and under construction structures and a computer geomechanical model "base - operating structure", using the indicated models, calculate the maximum permissible lower and / or upper groundwater levels for each specified sensor, monitor the readings of these sensors and signal the danger of irreversible deformations of the operated structure, if the readings are at least , one of these sensors reach the calculated maximum permissible level.

The disadvantages of this method is the lack of a comprehensive assessment of the factors affecting the level of groundwater; insufficient accuracy of groundwater level measurement outside the observation site.

Known "Method of engineering soil-hydrological surveys of roads" (Kulizhnikov A.M., Metla T.A. RU 2 109 872 C1 IPC

E01C 1/00 (1995.01), G01C 7/04 (1995.01)). According to the method of engineering soil-hydrological surveys of roads, including the determination of the boundary of the lane of variation of the route and the route of the all-terrain vehicle in office conditions, the breakdown of the route and the collection of information on the soil and hydrological conditions of the area when the all-terrain vehicle passes with the station, the entire range of variation is divided into zones with different soil - hydrological conditions, in each zone, the minimum a and maximum b distances between the points for determining the soil-hydrological section are set, the initial direction of movement is set at an angle of 35 - 55 ° to the right or left in the direction of the overhead line, and the collection of information on the soil-hydrological conditions of the area is performed when passing the all-terrain vehicle with the station. The all-terrain vehicle with the C-023 station moves in the initial direction, bypassing trees and other obstacles, to the border of the variation band with fixing the route using the GPS satellite system using the ASHTECH P-12 P-code receiver installed on the all-terrain vehicle; at the border of the variation band, the all-terrain vehicle passes for a distance (a + b) / 2 parallel to the overhead line connecting the end points of the route, then the route of the all-terrain vehicle, bypassing trees and other obstacles, is carried out towards the other boundary of the variation band of the route and is determined by a PC program in the form corridor, the boundaries of which are: the closest one at a distance a, the farthest one at a distance b from the trajectory of the previous route, while when moving from one zone of soil and hydrological conditions to another, the distances a and b, respectively, change, the all-terrain vehicle moves along the entire lane of variation of the route in the same way .

The disadvantages of this method include the inability to use transport and technological machines in the forest without damaging the forest flora.

The closest to the claimed method of the same purpose in terms of a combination of features is the “Method for diagnosing changes in water saturation of peat layers in the stratigraphy of a peat deposit” (Oleg Sergeevich Pokrovsky (RU), Alexander Alexandrovich Kuznetsov (RU), Andrey Valentinovich Shmakov (RU), Galina Andreevna Shmakova ( RU), Shmakov Daniil Andreevich (RU) RU 2 681 270 C1, IPC G01V 99/00 (2009.01), 12/29/2017) installing two wells. One of the wells is arranged according to the methodology used at the swamp stations and posts in accordance with the standards of Roshydromet. The second well is arranged in the form of a casing pipe passing through the entire thickness of the peat deposit and buried in the soil base of the swamp. Calibrated holes are located along the length of the casing pipe at an equal distance from each other, the filtration flow rate through which is calibrated and known. In this case, the position of the mouth of the second well is taken as a benchmark, it is assigned a height value in any convenient geodetic system of heights and is used as a geodetic basis for measurements. Periodically, once every 1-2 weeks, the water level is recorded in the first well and in the casing of the second well, and the difference in the levels of swamp waters is correlated with the amount of precipitation for the period between regular measurements. The presence and density of the correlation between the difference in the levels of swamp waters in the mentioned wells and the amount of precipitation for the period between successive measurements is determined. They build graphs that judge the normal development or the beginning of the degradation process of the swamp. EFFECT: diagnostics of changes in water saturation of peat layers according to their depth.

The reasons hindering the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method, taken as the closest analogue, include the insufficient accuracy of the information obtained on the area of the study area, as well as the inability to correlate the obtained data with natural and climatic conditions to find the dependence.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to accurately predict and determine the multifactorial relationship of the level of groundwater in the studied sector of the forest.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

Groundwater is one of the types of groundwater located between the surface layer and the layer of waterproof rock (infiltration origin). A characteristic feature of ground gravity water is the ability to move, filling the possible voids in the ground. The distance from the surface of the earth to the established water level in the well is called the depth of groundwater, which is the study of which the present invention is directed.

The level of groundwater in vast areas is currently being studied by laying hydrogeological sections. The statement about the uniformity of the slope of the groundwater level to the place of discharge (lowland swamps, streams, rivers, lakes, etc.) is not always reliable. Therefore, the laying of a hydrogeological route does not allow assessing all the factors that affect the depth of groundwater.

The proposed option is based on the principle of creating the investigated plane by drilling wells in two perpendicular directions at regular intervals. The distance between the wells is selected based on the accepted observation area and the required accuracy of the result. To improve the positioning accuracy of measuring wells, global positioning systems via satellite navigation should be used. In each measuring well, a programmable microcontroller with measuring equipment is installed, consisting of: a relative humidity and temperature sensor; soil moisture sensor; water level sensor. The well is assigned a conditional number, which includes the serial number of the row and the number of the well. It is also recommended to isolate wells at the ground level to prevent amphibians and small mammals from getting inside, which significantly increases the complexity of obtaining information with the classical data collection method.

Many factors influence the level of groundwater. The invention allows to investigate the relationship between the level of groundwater occurrence in conjunction with natural and climatic conditions: temperature and humidity of the environment, humidity of the surface soil layer with climatic sensors, collecting information at time intervals (hour, day, week, etc.) depending on the required level the static significance of the study being produced.

In Fig 1. shows the layout of the measuring wells, which together create a system for monitoring the level of groundwater in the investigated area of the forest. Data from the measuring equipment located on the wells 1 with the assigned conditional number, which includes the serial number of the row and the number of the well, is transmitted via a wireless communication channel 2 at specified time intervals to the concentrator module, which is a programmable microcontroller of the central measuring well (3) designed to collect and store text information on the SD card module. Figure 2 shows an example of visualization of groundwater level measurements, formed on the basis of experimental data and clearly demonstrating that it is not always possible to obtain objective data on the level of groundwater occurrence by the method of laying hydrogeological sites. The graph shows the experimental data of the studied area, carried out to confirm the relevance of the presented method. The “x” and “y” axes show the plane formed by the installed measuring wells, the “z” axis shows the average values of indicators in centimeters of the groundwater level from the earth’s surface in the studied period of time.

Reducing the complexity of collecting the studied information is achieved by using wireless data transmission technologies and their accumulation on the SD card module connected to the programmable microcontroller 3 (figure 1). To implement wireless communication, it is necessary to add a real-time clock with a backup power source and a wireless communication module to each microcontroller. If there is a technical possibility, a variant of remote data transmission is possible, using GSM technologies.

In the data obtained, dependencies are revealed that qualitatively reflect the relationship of factors on the formation of the groundwater level.

Claims (1)

A method for monitoring the level of groundwater in a forest, which consists in drilling wells at regular intervals, taken on the basis of the required measurement accuracy, installing measuring equipment in each well and measuring the level of groundwater, temperature and humidity of the environment, humidity of the surface layer, data transmission from measuring equipment via a wireless communication channel to the hub module, determining the multifactorial relationship between the level of groundwater occurrence and the measured parameters.