RU2800625C2 - Structured sample illumination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: structured illumination microscopy.

SUBSTANCE: system for generating spatially structured light contains a light source; a first grid and a second grid; the first reflective component configured in the first position to form the first light path emanating from the light source and extending to the first grating and then to the next component of the system, and in the second position to form the second light path emanating from the light source and passing to the second grating and then to the next component. In this case, the first reflective component contains a rotary mirror that takes the first or second position, the mirror is two-sided and contains an elongated element, and an axis is connected to the elongated element essentially in the centre of the elongated element.

EFFECT: increase in the speed of visualization of processed samples.

15 cl, 17 dwg

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority of US Provisional Application 62/733,330, filed September 19, 2018, and Dutch application NL 2022286, filed December 21, 2018; the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] To increase the resolution of the obtained images of the sample, structured illumination microscopy (MSO, Structured illumination microscopy, SIM) is used. MCO uses multiple images of a sample with different fringe patterns so that different areas of the sample are exposed to illumination with a range of intensities. In some cases, the procedure can be repeated by rotating the orientation of the pattern around the optical axis at different angles. The captured images can be assembled into a single extended frequency-spatial image, which can be reconverted to real space to obtain a higher resolution image than an image captured with a conventional microscope. Existing MCO approaches may have one or more characteristics that increase the complexity, size, cost of production, and/or cost of operating the system.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In a first aspect, the system comprises: a light source; a first grid and a second grid; and at least one reflective component, configured to be selectively located in a first position, in which it forms a first light path emanating from the light source and extending to the first grating, and then to a subsequent system component, and in a second position, in which it forms a second light path from the light source to the second grating and then to the next component.

[0004] Various implementations may contain any or all of the following features. The reflective component includes a pivoting mirror that assumes a first or second position. The swivel mirror is double-sided and contains an elongated element, and an axis is connected to the elongated element essentially in the center of the elongated element. The axis is offset from and substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second light paths. When the pivoting mirror assumes the first position, the first end of the elongate element interrupts the first path starting from the light source and extending to the second grating, and reflects the first light emanating from the light source towards the first grating. When the pivoting mirror assumes the first position, the second end of the elongated element does not interrupt the second path from the first grating to the subsequent component. When the pivoting mirror assumes the second position, the second end of the elongated member interrupts the second path from the second grating and reflects the second light from the second grating towards the subsequent component. When the pivoting mirror assumes the second position, the first end of the elongate element does not interrupt the first path starting from the light source and extending to the second grating. The first and second gratings are oriented so that their respective normals are substantially anti-parallel to each other, and the axis is substantially aligned with the normals. The swivel mirror reciprocates between the first and second positions. The reflective component contains the first movable mirror, which is subjected to the first shift to the first position. The reflective component includes a second movable mirror which is subjected to a second shift to a second position. The first and second offsets are substantially perpendicular to the plane defined by the first and second light paths. The first offset is substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second light paths. The first movable mirror is subjected to a second displacement to a second position, the second displacement being substantially parallel to the plane defined by the first and second light paths. The reflective component contains a rotary prism that takes the first or second positions. The first and second gratings are located next to each other, and the rotary prism in the first position reflects the first light along the first light path towards the first grating, and moreover, the rotary prism in the second position reflects the second light along the second light path towards the second grating. The first and second gratings face the next component. The first and second gratings are in a fixed position relative to the light source. The next component is a phase selector. The system further comprises a phase selector located between the light source and the reflective component. The phase selector is in a fixed position relative to the light source.

[0005] In a second aspect, which may be combined with the first aspect in embodiments, the system comprises: a light source; a first grid and a second grid; and at least one reflective component containing at least one mirror, with the possibility of selectively positioning in the first position, in which it interrupts the first path, starting from the light source and passing to the second grating, and directs the first light towards the first grating, not while interrupting the second path from the first grating to the subsequent component of the system, and in the second position, in which it interrupts the third path from the second grating and directs the second light from the second grating towards the subsequent component, without interrupting the first path.

[0006] In a third aspect, the system described above forms an optical subsystem of a structured illumination microscopy device.

[0007] Various implementations may contain any or all of the following features. The respective grating orientations of the first and second gratings are substantially perpendicular to each other. The first and second gratings face each other. The next component is a phase selector. The system additionally contains a phase selector located between the light source and at least one mirror.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, the method comprises: arranging at least one reflective component to form a first light path emanating from the light source and extending to the first grating and then to the subsequent component; direction on the sample of the first light with a selective phase from the first light path; arranging at least one reflective component to form a second light path emanating from the light source and extending to the second grating, and then to the subsequent component; and directing onto the sample a second phase-selective light from the second light path.

[0009] Various implementations may contain any or all of the following features. Arrangement of at least one reflective component for forming the first light path comprises interrupting the first path emanating from the light source and passing to the second grating, and directing the first light towards the first grating without interrupting the second path from the first grating to the next component. Arrangement of at least one reflective component for determining the second light path comprises interrupting the third path from the second grating and directing the second light from the second grating towards the subsequent component without interrupting the first path.

[0010] It should be understood that all combinations of the above concepts and additional concepts described in more detail below (provided that such concepts are not mutually incompatible) are considered part of the subject matter of the present invention disclosed in this description. In particular, all combinations of claimed objects appearing at the end of this description are considered as part of the claimed object of the present invention disclosed in this description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a system that can provide MCO structured illumination microscopy and in which the phase selector is located after the reflective component.

[0012] FIG. 2 shows an example of a rotating inline grating system (RIGS) containing a rotating mirror that can be made as part of the system of FIG. 1.

[0013] FIG. 3A is a plan view of the system shown in FIG. 2 systems where the swivel mirror is in the first position.

[0014] FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the pivoting mirror in the first position shown in FIG. 3A.

[0015] FIG. 4A is a plan view of the system shown in FIG. 2 systems where the swivel mirror is in the second position.

[0016] FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the pivoting mirror in the second position shown in FIG. 4A.

[0017] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a system containing one or more mirrors that may be provided as part of the system of FIG. 1 to provide MCO.

[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an example of a system containing a shiftable mirror that may be provided as part of the system of FIG. 1.

[0019] FIG. 7A-B schematically show an example of vertically shiftable mirrors that may be provided as part of the system of FIG. 6.

[0020] FIG. 8A-B schematically show an example of horizontally shiftable mirrors that may be provided as part of the system of FIG. 6.

[0021] In FIG. 9 schematically shows a system containing a rotary prism, which can be made as part of the system in FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows an example of a method that can be used to position one or more reflective components to perform an MCO.

[0023] FIG. 11 schematically shows an example of a system that can provide MCO and in which the phase selector is located in front of the reflective component.

[0024] In FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of an example of a system that can be used for biological and/or chemical analysis; the system in Fig. 1 may be part of the system in FIG. 12.

[0025] In FIG. 13 shows an example system.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] This document discloses examples of systems and techniques that can provide structured illumination, including, but not limited to, structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Such systems/techniques may provide one or more advantages over existing approaches, such as those disclosed below.

[0027] To analyze a sample from any of several materials, imaging (eg, using MCO) can be performed. In some implementations, imaging by MSO or other type of imaging may be performed as part of a biological or chemical analysis, such as a process for sequencing genetic material. In one example, this process may be a DNA sequencing process, such as sequencing by synthesis or next generation sequencing (also known as high throughput sequencing). In another example, this process can be used for genotyping. As one skilled in the art would know, genotyping comprises determining differences in the genetic composition (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's or a reference sequence. Such processes may include fluorescence-based imaging, in which a sample of genetic material is exposed to light (eg, a laser beam) to initiate a fluorescent response of one or more markers on the genetic material. Some nucleotides may contain fluorescent labels associated with the nucleotide to fluoresce in response to an energy source. The wavelength of the fluorescent response can be used to determine the presence of the corresponding nucleotide. Fluorescent responses can be detected during the sequencing process and used to record the sequence of nucleotides in a sample.

[0028] Visualization by MCO is based on spatially structured light. For example, the structure may comprise or contain an illuminating light pattern that helps increase the resolution of the resulting image(s). In some implementations, the structure may contain stripe patterns. Stripes of light can be produced by superimposing a light beam on a diffraction grating (called a grating for simplicity) in such a way that reflective or transmissive diffraction occurs. Structured light can act on the sample, illuminating the sample in accordance with the corresponding bands, which may occur in accordance with some periodicity. For example, images of a sample can be obtained at different phases of the patterned light fringes, sometimes referred to as the corresponding phases of the image pattern. This may allow different locations on the sample to be exposed to multiple intensities of illumination. The pattern of structured light can be rotated relative to the sample, and for each of the rotation angles said images can be captured.

[0029] Various types of gratings may be used in different implementations. The lattice(s) may contain periodic structures of one or more shapes. In some implementations, gratings can be made by removing or eliminating physical material from the substrate. In other implementations, optical filters or other means that are not physical materials may be used to form gratings. For example, a plurality of slits and/or grooves may be provided in the substrate to form gratings. In some implementations, the lattice may be made by adding material to the substrate. For example, periodically spaced structures can be formed on the substrate with the same or different material.

[0030] When using an MCO system, it is desirable that the system be able to process samples quickly in order to achieve high throughput. Faster visualization via MCO can provide higher throughput of the analytical system. That is, more chemical or biological samples can be imaged in the same period of time. To improve throughput, the system can illuminate a relatively large sample area with high contrast bands and/or quickly switch between band orientations. For a system to achieve high throughput, the image must be highly reproducible and reliable. High optical power can be useful in keeping exposure times relatively short. Thus, good optical efficiency and a powerful light source can be helpful in achieving high optical power.

[0031] In some MCO systems that project high contrast bands, a coherent light source may be used. In such systems, such a coherent light source may be a single mode laser, which may be prohibitively expensive in terms of the type of analysis performed and/or the amount of power required. Other types of light sources, such as a light emitting diode (LED) or an arc lamp, may not provide sufficient coherence for this application. Thus, a multimode laser may be a suitable candidate for use as a coherent light source, but has the property of having spectral multimode patterns. To achieve the desired homogeneity of the multimode laser, mode mixing can be performed at the output of the multimode laser. However, the use of multimode lasers with a mode mixer can result in multiple light sources selectively driving multiple gratings unless an optical selector is used, which can increase the cost and complexity of the optical system. In addition, the use of multimode mode-mixer lasers can also lead to dependence on relay lens systems to obtain zero order blocking to obtain the desired fringe frequency and modulation contrast.

[0032] Described here are implementations of structured illumination systems for sample analysis, some of which include a single light source, at least two fixed gratings, and a mechanism for directing the entire beam from the light source to one or the other grating. You can use the phase selector to select the phase of the pattern. In some examples, the mechanism may comprise either a rotatable two-way mirror, a non-rotatable mirror, or a rotatable prismatic mirror. In a variant of the pivoting two-way mirror, the mirror body may be placed in the first position to reflect only on the first grating, and may be placed in the second position to reflect only on the second grating. The non-rotating mirror can be moved to the first or second position. The pivoting prismatic mirror can selectively direct light from the light source onto the first or second grating.

[0033] The examples described above may have advantages over previous approaches. In some implementations, a swivel mirror can be used to switch between excitation of the respective gratings. Such a pivoting mirror can switch between two optical paths with a single light source. In addition, such a pivoting mirror may be sized such that errors in angular position and/or thermal effects do not significantly change the optical paths. Reducing the influence of such rotational errors and/or thermal effects on the optical paths may allow the MCO imaging system to run faster because the component that moves the swivel mirror (e.g. motor) can run faster because there is less reliance on position fine tuning compared to systems using moving gratings or other components. If more than two optical paths are to be implemented, then several turning mirrors can be implemented for several optical paths. In some implementations, the gratings may be fixed rather than being rotatable, shifting, or otherwise moving during operation. This can provide, for example, angular accuracy and stability, since the gratings also do not require fine positional adjustment. In some implementations, a single light source may be used, as the pivoting mirror can be rotated into or out of the respective light path position to block or unblock the respective light path of the single light source. By implementing the proposed system incorporating this selective position reflective component as an optical subsystem of the MCO system, mode blocking for the multimode laser can be eliminated and the entire light path can be either conductive or blocked. Such a system may also make it possible to eliminate the need to separate certain orders of the spectrum of light emitted by the grating from each other at a certain stage of the system (for example, the need for the orders of the light spectrum to be in focus at a certain stage, while one or more orders are blocked, and one or more orders can be propagated). That is, the grating can emit light that does not diffract, which is called order 0 light, and also emit diffracted light, which propagates in opposite directions from 0-order light, which is called +/-1 order light, respectively. In a system using order blocking, lights of all orders, 0 and +/-1, may be in focus during the blocking stage, where, for example, 0 order lights are blocked and +/-1 orders are not blocked. In systems that do not use order locking, some or all of the orders of light may be focused elsewhere in the system (eg, on a lens), and such a system may have a shorter optical path length. In addition, in such a system with a selectively positioned reflective component, an optical switch can be eliminated, which reduces the number of components and the complexity of the optical system. In addition, such a system can be generally more compact; for example, by eliminating the system of relay lenses that provide recombination of several paths through the gratings.

[0034] FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a system 100 that can provide MCO imaging. System 100 may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. Some of the components in this and other examples are conceptually shown as blocks or other generic components; such component(s) may be implemented as one or more separate or integrated components so as to perform the specified function(s).

[0035] System 100 includes a light source 102. The light source 102 may be selected based on the coherence and/or output power that the system 100 is to be designed for. For example, a multimode laser may be used as the light source 102.

[0036] System 100 includes a light structuring component 104 that receives light from a light source 102. In some implementations, the light structuring component 104 causes received light to fall onto one or more gratings so as to generate a pattern of light streaks. For example, one or more reflective components may be used to direct light onto an appropriate grating and/or to further direct light to the next stage of system 100. Examples of light structuring component 104 are described below. The beam 106 passing between the light source 102 and the light structuring component 104 schematically illustrates the propagation of light. Light structuring component 104 may generate patterned light and provide patterned light to a subsequent component of system 100.

[0037] In some implementations, the next component is the phase selector 108 of the system 100. The phase selector 108 may receive light from the light structuring component 104. In some implementations, the phase selector 108 is used to select the phase of the pattern on which the image will be captured. For example, the phase selector 108 may select among a plurality of possible phases of the pattern according to the desired sample illumination or required resolution, as described in more detail herein.

[0038] The system 100 includes a projection lens 110 that can receive light from a phase selector 108. Such light may be referred to as phase selective light, indicating that the light corresponds to the selection of specific phase(s) of the pattern, performed, for example, using phase selector 108. Projection lens 110 may include one or more optical elements, such as lenses, that prepare phase selective light before it enters the next stage of system 100.

[0039] System 100 includes a mirror 112 that at least partially reflects light from projection lens 110 toward lens 114. In some implementations, mirror 112 provides selective transmission, such as to reflect some portion(s) of illumination light from projection lens 110, and to transmit at least some of the imaging light entering the mirror 112 from the lens 114. For example, the mirror 112 may be a dichroic mirror.

[0040] Lens 114 receives illumination light from mirror 112. Lens 114 may include one or more optical elements, such as lenses, that prepare light from projection lens 110 (reflected by mirror 112) before the light enters the next stage of the system. 100.

[0041] Objective 114 directs light onto sample 116. In some implementations, sample 116 contains one or more analytes. For example, sample 116 may contain genetic material that must be illuminated to detect fluorescent reactions. Sample 116 may be supported on a suitable support, including, but not limited to, a flow cell that allows liquids or other fluids to selectively flow relative to the sample. For example, prior to illumination and subsequent image capture and analysis, sample 116 may be exposed to a reagent containing one or more nucleotides.

[0042] Sample 116 may be supported by stage 118 of system 100. Stage 118 may provide one or more manipulations of sample 116. In some implementations, sample 116 may be physically moved. For example, stage 118 may move and/or rotate sample 116 relative to, at least one other component of system 100. In some implementations, the sample 116 may be thermally affected. For example, stage 118 may heat and/or cool sample 116.

[0043] The stage 118 may allow for phase selection. In some implementations, stage 118 may move sample 116 some distance relative to fixed light strips to perform phase selection (eg, via a piezoelectric actuator in stage 118). For example, in such a case, in system 100, phase selector 108 may be bypassed or eliminated.

[0044] That is, the light emanating from the light source 102, prepared in the described components, can be directed to the sample 116 to illuminate it after passing through the lens 114. Any light emitted by the sample 116 can pass through the lens 114 in the opposite direction and be partially or completely passed through mirror 112. System 100 may include a filter component 120 that receives light from lens 114 through mirror 112. Filter component 120 can filter such light in one or more ways. For example, filter component 120 may pass some specific wavelength(s) and/or block (or reflect) some other specific wavelength(s). In some implementations, mirror 112 may include filter component 120 as part of a mirror, such as by placing filter component 120 on the rear surface of mirror 112.

[0045] Light passing through filter component 120 may enter chamber 122 of system 100. Chamber 122 may include one or more image sensors capable of detecting the type(s) of electromagnetic radiation that is relevant to the analysis being performed. In some implementations, camera 122 is configured to capture images using fluorescent light. For example, camera 122 may include a charge-coupled device, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor device, or other image capture device. Camera 122 may generate output data in digital and/or analog form. For example, data corresponding to an image captured by camera 122 may be stored by camera 122 or may be sent to a separate component (eg, computer system or other device) for storage and/or analysis.

[0046] The operation of the system 100 or other devices or equipment is illustrated below. In some embodiments, the light structuring component 104 comprises one or more reflective components and at least one grating. For example, the reflective component may redirect light toward or away from the grating(s) to generate light that is prepared to provide one or more forms of illumination of the sample 116. In some implementations, the light structuring component 104 may prepare light from the light source 102 to perform the MCO rendering. For example, such structured light may not necessarily be in focus at a specific position within the light structuring component 104; rather, structured light (e.g., stripes of a diffractive pattern) may be focused on another stage of the system 100, including, but not limited to, the rear side of the lens 114.

[0047] FIG. 2 shows an example of a system 200 including a pivoting mirror 202. System 200 may be used in combination with one or more of the other examples described herein. An individual component of system 200 may perform a similar or identical function to a corresponding component described with reference to another example in this specification.

[0048] System 200 includes a light source 204. In some implementations, light source 204 provides light, which it in turn receives through at least one fiber optic cable 206. For example, light source 204 and fiber optic cable 206 together can be considered a fiber launcher.

[0049] System 200 includes grating 208 and grating 210. In some implementations, grating 208 and/or 210 may serve as a diffractive component for light from light source 204. For example, grating 208 and/or 210 may comprise a substrate with a periodic structure, and the substrate is aligned with the prism. Lattices 208 and 210 may be arranged relative to one another in one or more arrangements. Here in system 200, gratings 208 and 210 face each other. Grids 208 and 210 may be substantially identical to each other, or may have one or more differences. The size, periodicity, or other spatial characteristics of one of the gratings 208 and 210 may be different from those of the other. The lattice orientation (ie, the spatial orientation of the periodic structure) of one of the lattices 208 and 210 may be different from the orientation of the other. In some implementations, the respective orientations of the gratings 208 and 210 that face each other may be substantially perpendicular to each other or at any other angle relative to each other. In some implementations, gratings 208 and 210 may be in offset positions relative to pivoting mirror 202. In some implementations, gratings 208 and/or 210 may be in a fixed position relative to light source 204.

[0050] System 200 may include one or more components (eg, such as phase selector 108 in FIG. 1) to provide phase selection with respect to the light to be exposed to the sample (eg, sample 116 in FIG. 1). Here, the system 200 includes a piezoelectric band actuator 212. In some implementations, the piezoelectric strip driver 212 may receive light from grating 208 and/or 210 and may perform phase selection on some or all of that light. For example, the piezoelectric strip actuator 212 can be used to control the phase of the structured light pattern with which a particular image is to be captured. The piezoelectric strip drive 212 may include a piezoelectric actuator. For example, a piezoelectric piston system may be used to perform phase selection. Other approaches may be used. For example, a tiltable optical plate can be used to select the phase. For example, system 200 here is implemented on board 214, and one or more areas of board 214 can be tilted to perform phase selection. As another example, one or more gratings 208 and 210 may be moved (eg, displaced) for phase selection, eg, by a piezoelectric actuator. The light emanating from the piezoelectric strip driver 212 is sometimes referred to as phase selective light to indicate that the light has been prepared according to a certain phase selection. In some implementations, the gratings 208 and/or 210 may be in a fixed position relative to the light source 204.

[0051] The system includes a projection lens 216, which may include one or more optical components (eg, a lens) for preparing light received from the piezoelectric strip driver 212. For example, the projection lens 216 may control the characteristics of the light before the light enters the lens (eg, lens 114 in FIG. 1).

[0052] Rotary mirror 202 can be used to redirect at least one beam of light to and/or away from one or more gratings 208 or 210. The pivoting mirror 202 may include one or more materials to sufficiently reflect the electromagnetic waves that are to be illuminated on the sample. In some implementations, light from light source 204 includes a laser beam of one or more wavelengths. For example, a metal coated mirror and/or a dielectric mirror may be used. The swivel mirror 202 may be double sided. For example, a pivoting mirror 202 can be considered double-sided if it is capable of reflecting on at least a portion of both of its sides (e.g., reflecting at a first end for a first beam path and reflecting at a second end opposite the first end for a second beam path).

[0053] The swivel mirror 202 may include an elongated element. The swivel mirror 202 may have any of a variety of form factors or other shape characteristics. The swivel mirror 202 may have a generally flat configuration. The swivel mirror 202 may have a substantially square or other rectangular shape. The swivel mirror 202 may have rounded corners. The swivel mirror 202 may have a substantially constant thickness. The reflective surfaces of the pivoting mirror 202 may be substantially flat.

[0054] The swivel mirror 202 may be mounted to rest on the axis 218 of the system 200. The axis 218 may allow the swivel mirror 202 to rotate about the axis 218 in either one or both directions. The axle 218 may be made of a material with sufficient rigidity to hold and control the pivot mirror 202, including metal. Axle 218 may be attached substantially to the center of pivot mirror 202. For example, pivot mirror 202 may have a hole in the center or a cutout on one side that reaches the center to allow connection to axle 218. As another example, axle 218 may include separate axle parts that are connected to the respective sides of the pivot mirror 202 without the need for any opening in the pivot mirror 202. The axle 218 may have at least one suspension 220. Here, the suspension 220 is located at the ends of the axle 218 on either side of the pivot mirror 202. Suspension 220 may include a bearing or other feature to provide low friction operation.

[0055] The swivel mirror 202 may be actuated to take one or more positions. Any motor or other actuator may be used to control the position of the pivoting mirror 202. In some implementations, a stepper motor 222 is used. The stepper motor 222 may be connected to the axle 218 and used to cause the axle 218, and hence the rotary mirror 202, to rotate and assume the desired position(s). In some implementations, the swivel mirror 202 rotates in the same direction toward new positions (eg, always clockwise or always counterclockwise about the axis of rotation of axis 218). In some implementations, the pivoting mirror 202 reciprocates between two or more positions (eg, alternately clockwise or counterclockwise around the axis of rotation of axis 218).

[0056] FIG. 3A-B show an example related to system 200 in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3A shows the system 200 in top view, and FIG. 3B shows the system 200 in a perspective view. The swivel mirror 202 is in the same position in each of FIGS. 3A-B.

[0057] The light source 204 here generates a light 300 that propagates towards the grating 210. The pivoting mirror 202 is positioned (eg, oriented around the axis of rotation of the axis 218) such that the first end 302 of the pivoting mirror 202 does not interrupt the light 300. At this time, the first end 302 may be located closer to the viewer than the light 300 that may propagate in the plane of the drawing. That is, the reflective surface 202a of the pivoting mirror 202 facing the light source 204 does not currently interrupt the light 300 because the first end 302 does not block the path of the light 300. Therefore, the light 300 propagates (through air, vacuum, or other fluid) until until it reaches grid 210.

[0058] Light 300 interacts with grating 210 in one or more ways. In some implementations, light 300 is diffracted by grating 210. Here, light 304 is structured light (eg, contains one or more pattern stripes) that radiates from grating 210 due to the interaction of light 300 with it. Light 304 initially propagates substantially in the direction generally toward the projection lens 216. However, the position of the pivoting mirror 202 is such that the second end 306 of the pivoting mirror 202 interrupts the light 304. The second end 306 may be opposite the first end 302. In some implementations, the first end 302 and the second end 306 may be located at any angle relative to each other, for example, at any angle from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. At this point, the second end 306 may be located approximately as close to the viewer as the light 304. That is, the reflective surface 202 B of the turntable mirror 202 facing the grating 210 interrupts the light 304 because the second end 306 blocks the path of the light 304. From of the light source 304, the pivoting mirror 202 thus directs the light 308 towards the piezoelectric strip drive 212.

[0059] The piezoelectric strip actuator 212 performs phase selection of the light 308. For example, the piezoelectric strip actuator 212 selects the phase of the pattern that the sample should be exposed to under a given illumination (eg, for the purposes of capturing one or more specific images). Light 310 is emitted from the piezoelectric strip driver 212 and propagates towards and enters the projection lens 216. The light 310 corresponds to a specific phase selection made by the piezoelectric strip drive 212. Thus, light 310 can be characterized as phase selective light. Light 310 may then continue to propagate through the system (eg, as in system 100 in FIG. 1), such as to illuminate sample 116.

[0060] Here, the characteristics of the phase-selective electromagnetic waves of the light 310 correspond to the fact that the light 300 is diffracted by the grating 210, and that the phase selection is performed by the piezoelectric band actuator 212. In addition, the involvement of the grating 210 here is the result of the swivel mirror 202 being positioned such that its second end 306 interrupts the light 304 while the first end 302 does not interrupt the light 300.

[0061] Let us now assume that the pivoting mirror 202 is placed in a different position instead. In FIG. 4A-B show another example related to system 200 in FIG. 2. In FIG. 4A shows the system 200 in top view, and FIG. 4B shows the system 200 in a perspective view. The swivel mirror 202 is in the same position in each of FIGS. 4A-B.

[0062] The light source 204 here generates light 300, which initially propagates towards the grating 210. The pivoting mirror 202 is positioned (eg, oriented around the axis of rotation of the axis 218) such that the first end 302 of the pivoting mirror 202 interrupts the light 300. At this time, the first end 302 may be located approximately as close to the observer as the light 300. That is, the reflective surface 202a of the turn mirror 202 facing the light source 204 interrupts the light 300 because the first end 302 blocks the path of the light 300. Therefore, the light 312 propagates (via air, vacuum, or other fluid) until it reaches grate 208.

[0063] Light 312 interacts with grating 208 in one or more ways. In some implementations, light 312 is diffracted by grating 208. Here, light 314 is structured light (eg, contains one or more pattern bands) that radiates from grating 208 as a result of light 312 interacting with it. Light 314 propagates in a substantially toward direction. piezoelectric drive 212 bands. The position of the pivoting mirror 202 is such that the second end 306 of the pivoting mirror 202 does not interrupt the light 314. At this point, the second end 306 may be closer to the viewer than the light 314. That is, neither the reflective surface 202B of the pivoting mirror 202 nor the reflective surface 202C facing the grating 208 does not currently interrupt the light 314 because the second end 306 does not block the path of the light 314. Thus, the light 314 propagates until it reaches the piezoelectric strip drive 212.

[0064] The piezoelectric strip actuator 212 performs phase selection of the light 314. For example, the piezoelectric strip actuator 212 selects the phase of the pattern that the sample should be exposed to under a given illumination (eg, for the purposes of capturing one or more specific images). Light 316 is emitted from the piezoelectric strip driver 212 and propagates towards and enters the projection lens 216. The light 310 corresponds to a specific phase selection made by the piezoelectric strip drive 212. Thus, light 316 can be characterized as phase selective light. Light 316 may then continue to propagate through the system (eg, as in system 100 in FIG. 1), such as to illuminate sample 116.

[0065] Here, the characteristics of the phase-selective electromagnetic waves of the light 316 correspond to the fact that the light 300 is diffracted by the grating 208, and that the phase selection is performed by the piezoelectric band actuator 212. In addition, the involvement of the grating 208 here is the result of arranging the pivoting mirror 202 such that its first end 302 interrupts the light 300 while its second end 306 does not interrupt the light 314. shown in Fig. 3A-B and Fig. 4A-B, respectively) with different rotations. For example, the swivel mirror 202 may reciprocate between the position in FIG. 3A-B and the position in FIG. 4A-B. As another example, the swivel mirror 202 can be rotated in the same direction (eg, clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the stepper motor 222) to repeatedly assume the position of FIG. 3A-B and the position in FIG. 4A-B.

[0066] As mentioned above, gratings 208 and 210 may have different grating orientations relative to each other. For example, gratings 208 and 210 may have grating orientations that are substantially perpendicular to each other. Therefore, light 304 (FIG. 3A) from grating 210 and light 314 (FIG. 4A) from grating 208 may have different characteristics. For example, the pattern of streaks of light 304 may be different from the pattern of streaks of light 314. Illumination of a sample (eg, sample 116 in FIG. 1) with different structured light may allow the system 200 to be used for MCO imaging.

[0067] The above examples illustrate a system that includes a light source (eg, light source 204); a first grid (eg, grid 210) and a second grid (eg, grid 208); phase selector (for example, piezoelectric drive 212 bands); and at least one reflective component (eg, pivoting mirror 202). In the first position (eg, as shown in FIGS. 3A-B), the reflective component forms the first light path from the light source to the first grating (eg, by having first end 302 not interrupt light 300) and then to the phase selector (eg. , due to the fact that the second end 306 blocks the light 304). In the second position (eg, as shown in FIGS. 4A-B), the reflective component forms a second light path from the light source to the second grating (eg, by first end 302 blocking light 300) and on to the phase selector (eg , due to the fact that the second end 306 does not interrupt the light 304).

[0068] The above examples also illustrate a system that includes a light source (eg, light source 204); a first grid (eg, grid 208) and a second grid (eg, grid 210); phase selector (for example, piezoelectric drive 212 bands); and at least one mirror (eg, swivel mirror 202). In particular, the mirror has a first position (for example, as shown in Figs. 4A-B) that interrupts (for example, by the first end 302) the first path from the light source to the second grating, but does not interrupt (for example, due to the fact that the second end 306 does not block light 314) the second path from the first grating to the phase selector. The mirror has a second position (eg, as shown in FIGS. 3A-B) that interrupts (eg, by the second end 306) the third path from the second grating and directs the second light (eg, light 308) to the phase selector without interrupting the first path (for example, due to the fact that the first end 302 does not block the light 300).

[0069] The examples provided herein refer to the use of a reflective component and one or more gratings to provide structured light that can be used for MCO imaging. In some implementations, the mechanical movement may be significant (eg, when rotating a mirror or other reflective component). However, reasonable mechanical and motion errors can be provided. For example, less or no precision may be required with respect to the start or end position of a reflective component (eg, mirror or prismatic mirror); and stability and repeatability can be ensured (for example, in relation to the turning mirror) through the use of precision bearings (for example, in the suspension 220), a precision spindle (for example, for the axis 218) and / or an accurate mirror (for example, using the turning mirror 202 having small deviations and/or good flatness). Stability and repeatability can be made independent of parts that may wear (eg guides and/or end stops).

[0070] FIG. 5 schematically shows another example of a system 500 that can be used as part of an MCO imaging system. System 500 may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. System 500 includes a light source 502, mirror 504, grating 506 and grating 508, mirror 510, phase selector 512, and projection lens 514. An individual component of system 500 may perform a similar or identical function to a corresponding component described with reference to another example herein. description. Here, gratings 506 and 508 face each other. In some implementations, gratings 506 and 508 may have different grating orientations, including, but not limited to, substantially perpendicular to each other or at any other angle relative to each other. In some implementations, gratings 506 and 508 may be in offset positions relative to mirror 504 and/or mirror 510.

[0071] A Cartesian coordinate system is shown having corresponding x, y, and z axes. Here the x and y axes are in the plane of the illustration, and the z axis is perpendicular to the x and y axes towards the viewer.

[0072] A path 516 is indicated between the light source 502 and the grating 508. In this and other examples, the path may indicate the path that the light beam may take if it is not interrupted by any structure. Path 517 is indicated between mirror 504 and grating 506. Path 518 is indicated between grating 506 and phase selector 512. Path 520 is indicated from grating 508, extending in this example toward projection lens 514. Paths 516, 517, 518, 520 are here shown in dashed lines. .

[0073] Light source 502 here generates light 522 along at least a portion of path 516. If the position of mirror 504 is such that mirror 504 does not interrupt path 516 and does not block light 522, then light 522 can propagate along path 516 and reach grating 508. That is, mirror 504 can be seen as forming a light path of light 522, with the light path extending from light source 502 to grating 508. On the other hand, if the position of mirror 504 is such that mirror 504 interrupts path 516 and blocks light 522, then mirror 504 may reflect light 522, and light 524 may travel along a path 517 to grating 506. Redirected light 524 is indicated here by a dashed line. That is, mirror 504 can be seen as forming a light path of light 522 and light 524, with the light path extending from light source 502 to grating 506. Thus, mirror 504 can selectively redirect light 522 from light source 502 between the two paths to a selected one of the gratings. 506 or 508 depending on the position of the mirror 504.

[0074] Mirror 510 can selectively redirect light from a selected one of gratings 506 or 508 to phase selector 512 depending on the position of mirror 510. that mirror 510 interrupts path 520 and blocks light 526 from grating 508, then mirror 510 may reflect light 528 towards phase selector 512. 528, where the light path is from the light source 502 to the phase selector 512. On the other hand, if the mirror 504 interrupts the path 516 so that the light 524 is redirected to the grating 506, and the position of the mirror 510 is such that the mirror 510 does not interrupt the path 518 and does not blocks the light 530, then the light 530 can propagate along the path 518 and reach the phase selector 512. The light 530 is indicated here by a dashed line. That is, mirrors 504 and 510 can be considered to collectively form a light path of light 522, light 524, and light 530, with the light path extending from light source 502 to phase selector 512.

[0075] Paths 516, 517, 518, and 520 may form one or more planes depending on the orientation of the components of system 500. Here, the light path, which includes light 522, light 526, and light 528, travels substantially in the x-y plane. , as shown in the figure (for example, in the drawing plane). Similarly, the light path, which includes light 522, light 524, and light 530, is also substantially in the xy plane. At least one element of system 500 may be substantially aligned with one or more of these planes. In some implementations, mirrors 504 and 510 are part of a pivoting mirror (eg, pivoting mirror 202 in FIG. 2). For example, such a pivoting mirror may rotate at least partially about axis 532, here schematically shown between mirrors 504 and 510. Axis 532 may be substantially parallel to the plane of one or more light paths. For example, the axis 532 may be offset from the plane in some direction (eg, towards the observer, similar to the location of the axis 218 in Fig. 2). In some implementations, one or more of the following, namely light 522, 524, 526, 528, and/or 530, may propagate along a plane at an angle relative to the x-y plane (i.e., towards or away from the observer), such that a light path is formed containing components in the x, y and z axes.

[0076] FIG. 6 schematically shows an example of a system 600 including a movable mirror 602. The movable mirror 602 is shown here schematically in dashed outline. Examples of the movable mirror 602 are shown below. System 600 may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. System 600 includes a light source 604, grating 606 and grating 608, and a phase selector 610. An individual component of system 600 may perform a similar or identical function to a corresponding component described with reference to another example in this specification.

[0077] The movable mirror 602 may include one or more mirrors that may be translated (in one or more directions) during operation of the system 600. The movable mirror 602 may be moved to a first position in which the movable mirror 602 forms a light path 612 from the light source 604 to the grating 606 and then to the phase selector 610. The movable mirror 602 can be moved to a second position in which the movable mirror 602 forms a light path 614 from the light source 604 to the grating 608 and then to the phase selector 610 Thus, the movable mirror 602 can selectively redirect light from the light source 604 between the two light paths 612 and 614 towards the phase selector 610.

[0078] Grilles 606 and 608 may be placed in any of various positions relative to each other. The orientation of the grating 606 may be described using the normal 616 of the grating 606. For example, the normal 616 may be a vector that is perpendicular to the optically active surface of the grating 606. The orientation of the grating 608 may be described using the normal 618 of the grating 608. For example, the normal 618 may be a vector which is perpendicular to the optically active surface of the grating 608. In some implementations, the normals 616 and 618 are substantially aligned with one another. For example, normals 616 and 618 may be substantially anti-parallel to each other (eg, pointing towards each other). In other implementations, the normals 616 and 618 may be positioned at some angle between the normals 616 and 618.

[0079] The light paths 612 and 614 may form one or more planes depending on the orientation of the components of the system 600. Here, each of the light paths 612 and 614 extends substantially in the plane of the drawing. In other implementations, the light paths 612 and/or 614 may have one or more portions that extend out of or into the drawing plane. At least one element of the system 600 may be substantially aligned with one or more of these light path planes 612 or 614. In some implementations, the movable mirror 602 may be subject to movement that is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the light paths 612 and 614. In some implementations, the movable mirror 602 may be subject to movement that is substantially parallel to the plane of the light paths 612 and 614. Combinations of these approaches may be used. In some implementations, the first side of the movable mirror 602 may have a first angle of reflection (for example, to form a light path 612), and the second side of the translation mirror 602 may have a second angle of reflection (for example, to form a light path 614), the first angle of reflection being different from second angle of reflection.

[0080] FIG. 7A-B schematically show an example related to system 600 in FIG. 6. The examples described may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. Here, the movable mirror 602' is schematically shown in dashed outline. The movable mirror 602' can be used as the movable mirror 602 in FIG. 6 or as part of it. That is, the pair of mirrors 700 and 704 in the first moving position shown in FIG. 7A may form a light path 614, and a pair of mirrors 700 and 704 when in the second movement position shown in FIG. 7B may form a light path 612. The movable mirror 602' includes a mirror 700 connected to a rail 702. Here, the mirror 700 is rectangular in shape and the side 700A of the mirror 700 faces the side 702A of the rail 702. The rail 702 may allow the mirror 700 to move. vertically along side 702A. For example, mirror 700 can be actuated by an actuator (not shown) to change its position in any direction along rail 702. Similarly, movable mirror 602' includes a mirror 704 having a rectangular shape and coupled to rail 706 such that side 704A of the mirror 704 faces side 706A of guide 706. Accordingly, guide 706 may allow mirror 704 to move vertically along side 706A. More than one rail may be used to move the mirror 700 and/or 704. Other types of propulsion may also be used. For example, the position of the mirror 700 and/or 704 can be changed using an actuator.

[0081] In FIG. 7A shows a configuration of a movable mirror 602' with a mirror 700 located near the end 708 of the guide 702 and a mirror 704 located towards the end 710 of the guide 706. In some implementations, the position of FIG. 7A may correspond to the formation of one or more light paths. For example, again with reference to FIG. 6, the position of the mirror 704 towards the end 710 may interrupt the light path 612 between the light source 604 and the grating 606. Due to the blockage, the mirror 704 may serve to redirect light from the light source 604 to the grating 608 and thus may form a light path. 614. In addition, the mirror 700, which at this point is located closer to the end 708, cannot interrupt the light path 614 between the grating 608 and the phase selector 610. 600.

[0082] FIG. 7A shows a configuration of a movable mirror 602' with a mirror 700 located near the end 712 of the guide 702 and a mirror 704 located near the end 714 of the guide 706. End 712 here is substantially opposite end 708, and end 714 here is substantially opposite end 710. In some implementations, the position in FIG. 7A may correspond to the formation of one or more light paths. For example, again with reference to FIG. 6, the location of the mirror 704 closer to the end 714 may not interrupt the light path 612 from the light source 604, and therefore the light can reach the grating 606. In addition, the mirror 700, which is currently located closer to the end 712, may interrupt the light path 612, emanating from the grating 606. Because of this blockage, the mirror 700 can serve to redirect light from the grating 606 to the phase selector 610 and thus can form a light path 612. Thus, moving the movable mirror 602' into the configuration shown can form a light path 612 in system 600. Moving to the positions shown in FIG. 7A-B, or from them, may occur in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to one or more of the planes of the light paths 612 and 614.

[0083] FIG. 8A-B schematically show another example related to system 600 in FIG. 6. The examples described may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. Here, the movable mirror 602'' is shown schematically in dashed outline. The movable mirror 602'' can be used as the movable mirror 602 in FIG. 6 or as part of it. The movable mirror 602' includes a mirror 800 coupled to a guide 802. Here, the mirror 800 is rectangular in shape and the side 800A of the mirror 800 faces the side 802A of the guide 802. The guide 802 may allow the mirror 800 to move along the side 802A. For example, mirror 800 can be actuated by an actuator (not shown) to change its position in any direction along guide 802.

[0084] FIG. 8A shows the configuration of the movable mirror 602'' with the mirror 800 positioned closer to the end 804 of the guide 802. In some implementations, the position in FIG. 8A may correspond to the formation of one or more light paths. For example, again with reference to FIG. 6, the position of the mirror 800 towards the end 804 may interrupt the light path 612 between the light source 604 and the grating 606. Due to blockage, the mirror 800 may serve to redirect light from the light source 604 to the grating 608 and thus may form a light path. 614. There is no mirror at the end 806 of track 802 at this point. Accordingly, the movable mirror 602'' cannot interrupt the light path 614 between the grating 608 and the phase selector 610. Thus, moving the movable mirror 602' into the configuration shown may form the light path 614 in the system 600.

[0085] FIG. 8B shows the configuration of the movable mirror 602'' with the mirror 800 located towards the end 806 of the guide 802. In some implementations, the position in FIG. 8 V may correspond to the formation of one or more light paths. For example, again with reference to FIG. 6, the absence of a mirror at end 804 may allow light to propagate from light source 604 to grating 606. In addition, positioning mirror 800 closer to end 806 may interrupt light path 612 from grating 606. Due to this blockage, mirror 800 may serve as a to redirect light from the grating 606 to the phase selector 610 and thus may form the light path 612.

[0086] FIG. 9 schematically shows an example of a system 900 comprising a rotary prism 902. System 900 may be used in combination with one or more of the other examples described herein. System 900 also includes a light source 904, grating 906 and grating 908, a phase selector 910, and a projection lens 912. An individual component of system 900 may perform a similar or identical function to a corresponding component described with reference to another example in this specification.

[0087] The rotary prism 902 can be rotated about one or more axes of rotation so that it assumes one or more positions. Here, the rotary prism 902 can rotate about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and this rotation is schematically indicated by arrow 914. For simplicity, the rotary prism 902 is shown here in one orientation. However, the operation of system 900 is illustrated below based on at least two different orientations of rotary prism 902. Here, gratings 906 and 908 are directed toward phase selector 910. Other arrangements or orientations may be used.

[0088] The light source 904 provides light 916 that propagates to the rotary prism 902. Light 916 interacts with the rotary prism 902 and is reflected. Here, the light 918 emanating from the rotary prism 902 is the result of such reflection when the rotary prism 902 is in the first position. Light 918 is directed towards and interacts with grating 906. As a result of this interaction, light 920 is emitted from the grating 906, propagating in the direction of the phase selector 910 and interacting with it. As a result of this interaction, light 922 is emitted from the phase selector 910, propagating towards the projection lens 912 and interacting with it. That is, when the rotary prism 902 is in the first position, it reflects light 918 along the first light path from the rotary prism 902 to the grating 906.

[0089] In addition, the light 924 emanating from the rotary prism 902 is the result of the reflection of light 916 when the rotary prism 902 is in the second position. Light 924 is directed to and interacts with grating 908. As a result of this interaction, light 926 is emitted from the grating 908, propagating in the direction of the phase selector 910 and interacting with it. As a result of this interaction, light 922 is emitted from the phase selector 910, propagating towards and interacting with the projection lens 912. That is, when the rotary prism 902 is in the second position, it reflects light 924 along a second light path from the rotary prism 902 to the grating 908.

[0090] FIG. 10 shows an example of a method 1000 that can be used to perform an MCO. Method 1000 may be performed on one or more of the systems shown in this example. Method 1000 may include more or fewer steps than shown. The two or more steps of method 1000 may be performed in a different order unless otherwise noted. Some aspects of the other examples described here are given below for illustrative purposes.

[0091] At 1010, method 1000 comprises positioning a reflective component at a first position. The first position may provide for the formation of the first light path, starting from the light source and passing to the first grating, and then to the subsequent component. For example, the swivel mirror 202 can be brought into the position shown in FIG. 3A-B to form a light path from the light source 204 to the grating 210 and on to the piezoelectric strip driver 212, the light path comprising light 300, 304, and 308. As another example, the pivoting mirror 202 may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 4A-B to form a light path from light source 204 to grating 208 and on to piezoelectric strip driver 212, the light path comprising light 300, 312, and 314. As another example, mirrors 504 and 510 in FIG. 5 can be brought into position to form a light path containing light 522, 526, and 528. As another example, mirrors 504 and 510 in FIG. 5 can be brought into position to form a light path that contains light 522, 524 and 530. As another example, the movable mirror 602' can be brought into the position shown in FIG. 7A to form the light path 614 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 7B to form the light path 612 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 8A to form the light path 614 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 8B to form the light path 612 in FIG. 6. As another example, the rotating prism 902 in FIG. 9 can be moved into position to form a light path that contains light 916, 918, 920, and 922. As another example, the rotary prism 902 in FIG. 9 may be moved into position to form a light path that contains light 916, 924, 926, and 922. For example, the next component may be phase selector 108 in FIG. 1. As another example, the next component would be projection lens 110 in FIG. eleven.

[0092] At 1020, method 1000 comprises directing a first phase-selective light from the first light path onto the sample. For example, the phase selective light may come from the piezoelectric strip driver 212 (FIG. 2) and/or from one or more phase selectors 108 (FIG. 1), 512 (FIG. 5), 610 (FIG. 6), or 910 ( Fig. 9). Phase selective light may be directed to sample 116 in FIG. 1. Thus, the sample can be illuminated with selective phase light (eg structured light). The sample can be visualized (eg, with camera 122 in FIG. 1) based on such phase-selective first light illumination, and such operations are not explicitly described here for brevity.

[0093] At 1030, method 1000 comprises positioning the reflective component at a second position. The first position may provide for the formation of the first light path, starting from the light source and passing to the first grating, and then to the subsequent component. For example, the swivel mirror 202 can be brought into the position shown in FIG. 3A-B to form a light path from the light source 204 to the grating 210 and on to the piezoelectric strip driver 212, the light path comprising light 300, 304, and 308. As another example, the pivoting mirror 202 may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 4A-B to form a light path from light source 204 to grating 208 and on to piezoelectric strip driver 212, the light path comprising light 300, 312, and 314. As another example, mirrors 504 and 510 in FIG. 5 can be brought into position to form a light path containing light 522, 526, and 528. As another example, mirrors 504 and 510 in FIG. 5 can be brought into position to form a light path that contains light 522, 524 and 530. As another example, the movable mirror 602' can be brought into the position shown in FIG. 7A to form the light path 614 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 7B to form the light path 612 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 8A to form the light path 614 in FIG. 6. As another example, the movable mirror 602' may be brought into the position shown in FIG. 8B to form the light path 612 in FIG. 6. As another example, the rotating prism 902 in FIG. 9 can be moved into position to form a light path that contains light 916, 918, 920, and 922. As another example, the rotary prism 902 in FIG. 9 can be moved to a position forming a light path that contains light 916, 924, 926 and 922.

[0094] At 1040, method 1000 comprises directing a second phase-selective light from the second light path onto the sample. For example, the phase selective light may come from the piezoelectric strip drive 212 (FIG. 2) and/or from one or more phase selectors 108 (FIG. 1), 512 (FIG. 5), 610 (FIG. 6), or 910 ( Fig. 9). Phase selective light may be directed to sample 116 in FIG. 1. Thus, the sample can be illuminated with selective phase light (eg structured light). The sample can be visualized (eg, with camera 122 in FIG. 1) based on such phase-selective second light illumination, and such operations are not explicitly described here for the sake of brevity.

[0095] FIG. 11 schematically shows another example of a system 1100 that can provide MCO rendering. System 1100 may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. Some of the components in this and other examples are conceptually shown as blocks or other generic components; such component(s) may be implemented as one or more separate or integrated components so as to perform the specified function(s). Components corresponding to components of system 100 (FIG. 1) that are not explicitly mentioned may play the same or a similar role in system 1100.

[0096] System 1100 includes a phase selector 108' located before the light structuring component 104'. In some implementations, phase selector 108' may receive beam 106 from light source 102. The phase selector 108' can supply phase selective light to the light shaping component 104'. The light structuring component 104 may generate structured light and provide structured light to a subsequent component of the system 1100. In some implementations, the next component is a projection lens 110. Other approaches may be used.

[0097] In some implementations, stage 118 may move sample 116 some distance relative to stationary light strips to perform phase selection (eg, using a piezoelectric actuator in stage 118). For example, in such a case, phase selector 108' may be bypassed or eliminated in system 1100.

[0098] FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of an example of a system 1200 that can be used for biological and/or chemical analysis. The systems and/or methods described herein, including but not limited to system 100 (FIG. 1) and/or method 1000 (FIG. 10), may in some implementations be part of system 1200. Operation of system 1200 may provide any information or data relating to at least one biological and/or chemical substance. In some implementations, carrier 1202 delivers material for analysis. For example, carrier 1202 may include a cartridge or any other component that holds the material. In some implementations, system 1200 includes a receiver 1204 for receiving media 1202, at least during analysis. Receiver 1204 may be provided as an opening in housing 1206 of system 1200. As an example, some or all of the components of system 1200 may be within housing 1206.

[0099] System 1200 may include an optical system 1208 for biological and/or chemical analysis of carrier material(s) 1202. Optical system 1208 may perform one or more optical operations, including, but not limited to, illumination and/or imaging of material(s) ). For example, optical system 1208 may include any or all of the systems disclosed herein. As another example, optical system 1208 may perform any or all of the operations disclosed herein.

[00100] System 1200 may include a thermal system 1210 to provide thermal processing related to biological and/or chemical analysis. In some implementations, thermal system 1210 thermally prepares at least a portion of the material(s) to be analyzed and/or carrier 1202.

[00101] System 1200 may include a fluid system 1212 for handling one or more fluids related to biological and/or chemical analysis. In some implementations, fluid(s) may be provided for carrier 1202 or its material(s). For example, fluid may be added to and/or removed from carrier material 1202.

[00102] System 1200 includes a user interface 1214 that allows input and/or output of data related to biological and/or chemical analysis. As a non-limiting example, a user interface may be used to set one or more operating parameters of system 1200 and/or to display biological and/or chemical analysis results. For example, the user interface 1214 may include one or more display screens (eg, a touch screen), a keyboard, and/or a pointing device (eg, a mouse or touch pad).

[00103] System 1200 may include a system controller 1216 that may control one or more elements of system 1200 to perform biological and/or chemical analysis. System controller 1216 may control receiver 1204, optical system 1208, thermal system 1210, fluid system 1212, and/or user interface 1214. System controller 1216 may include at least one processor and at least one storage medium (e.g., memory) with executable instructions for the processor.

[00104] FIG. 13 shows an example of a system 1300 including a pivoting mirror 1302. In some implementations, the system 1300 may be characterized as a RIGS. System 1300 may be used in conjunction with one or more of the other examples described herein. An individual component of system 1300 may perform a similar or identical function to a corresponding component described with reference to another example in this specification.

[00105] System 1300 includes a light source 304. In some implementations, light source 1304 provides light, which it in turn receives through at least one fiber optic cable 1306. For example, light source 1304 and fiber optic cable 1306 collectively can be considered as a fiber launcher.

[00106] System 1300 includes grating 1308 and grating 1310. In some implementations, grating 1308 and/or 1310 may serve as a diffractive component for light from light source 1304. For example, grating 1308 and/or 1310 may comprise a periodic substrate, the substrate being aligned with the prism. Lattices 1308 and 1310 may be arranged relative to one another in one or more arrangements. Here, in system 1300, gratings 1308 and 1310 face each other. Grids 1308 and 1310 may be substantially identical to each other or may have one or more differences. The size, frequency, or other spatial characteristics of one of the arrays 1308 and 1310 may be different from those of the other. The orientation of the array (ie, the spatial orientation of the periodic structure) of one of the arrays 1308 and 1310 may be different from the orientation of the other. In some implementations, the respective orientations of the gratings 1308 and 1310 that face each other may be substantially perpendicular to each other or at any other angle relative to each other. In some implementations, gratings 1308 and 1310 may be in offset positions relative to pivoting mirror 1302. In some implementations, gratings 1308 and/or 1310 may be in a fixed position relative to light source 1304.

[00107] System 1300 may include one or more components (eg, such as phase selector 108 in FIG. 1) to provide phase selection with respect to the light to be exposed to the sample (eg, sample 116 in FIG. 1). Here, the system 1300 includes a piezoelectric drive 1312 bands. In some implementations, the piezoelectric strip driver 1312 may receive light from grating 1308 and/or 1310 and may perform phase selection on some or all of that light. For example, the piezoelectric strip driver 1312 can be used to control the phase of the structured light pattern with which a particular image is to be captured. The piezoelectric strip drive 1312 may include a piezoelectric actuator. For example, a piezoelectric piston system may be used to perform phase selection. Other approaches may be used. For example, a tiltable optical plate can be used to select the phase. For example, system 1300 is implemented on board 1314 here, and one or more areas of board 1314 can be tilted to perform phase selection. As another example, one or more gratings 1308 and 1310 can be moved (eg, displaced) for phase selection, eg, by a piezoelectric actuator. The light emanating from the piezoelectric strip driver 1312 is sometimes referred to as phase selective light to indicate that the light has been prepared according to a certain phase selection. In some implementations, the gratings 1308 and/or 1310 may be in a fixed position relative to the light source 1304.

[00108] The system includes a projection lens 1316, which may include one or more optical components (eg, a lens) for preparing light received from the piezoelectric strip drive 1312. For example, the projection lens 1316 may control the characteristics of the light before the light enters the lens (eg, lens 114 in FIG. 1).

[00109] Rotary mirror 1302 can be used to redirect at least one beam of light to and/or away from one or more gratings 1308 or 1310. The pivoting mirror 1302 may include one or more materials to sufficiently reflect the electromagnetic waves that are to be illuminated on the sample. In some implementations, light from light source 1304 includes a laser beam of one or more wavelengths. For example, a metal coated mirror and/or a dielectric mirror may be used. The swivel mirror 1302 may be double sided. For example, a pivoting mirror 1302 can be considered two-way if it is capable of reflecting on at least a portion of both of its sides (eg, reflecting at a first end for a first beam path and reflecting at a second end opposite the first end for a second beam path).

[00110] The swivel mirror 1302 may include an elongated element. The swivel mirror 1302 may have any of a variety of form factors or other shape characteristics. The swivel mirror 1302 may have a generally flat configuration. The swivel mirror 1302 may have a substantially square or other rectangular shape. The swivel mirror 1302 may have rounded corners. The swivel mirror 1302 may have a substantially constant thickness. The reflective surfaces of the pivoting mirror 1302 may be substantially flat.

[00111] The swivel mirror 1302 may be mounted to rest on the axis 1318 of the system 1300. The axis 1318 may allow the swivel mirror 1302 to rotate about the axis 1318 in either one or both directions. The axle 1318 may be made of a material with sufficient rigidity to hold and control the pivot mirror 1302, including metal. Axle 1318 may be attached substantially to the center of pivot mirror 1302. For example, pivot mirror 1302 may have a hole in the center or a cutout on one side that reaches the center to allow connection to axle 1318. As another example, axle 1318 may include one or several separate parts of the axis, which are connected to the corresponding one or more sides of the rotary mirror 1302, without the need for any opening in the rotary mirror 1302. The axis 1318 may have at least one suspension 1320. Here, the suspension 1320 is located at one of the ends of the axis 1318 on one side of the pivoting mirror 1302. The hanger 1320 may include a bearing or other feature to provide low friction operation.

[00112] The swivel mirror 1302 may be actuated to take one or more positions. Any motor or other actuator may be used to control the position of the pivoting mirror 1302. In some implementations, a stepper motor 222 is used. The stepper motor 1322 may be connected to the axle 1318 and used to cause the axle 1318, and hence the rotary mirror 1302, to rotate and assume the desired position(s). In some implementations, the swivel mirror 1302 rotates in the same direction toward new positions (eg, always clockwise or always counterclockwise about the axis of rotation of axis 1318). In some implementations, the pivoting mirror 1302 reciprocates between two or more positions (eg, alternately clockwise or counterclockwise around the axis of rotation of axis 1318).

[00113] Throughput and/or other performance characteristics of the system 1300 may at least partially depend on the time taken to move the rotary mirror 1302 from one position to another. In some implementations, the type and/or manufacturer of the stepper motor 1322 may be selected based at least in part on the expected or intended performance of the system 1300. For example, a faster stepper motor 1322 may allow the swing mirror 1302 to move faster from one position to another.

[00114] The cost of manufacturing and/or maintaining system 1300 may at least partially depend on the type of stepper motor 1322. In some implementations, stepper motor 1322 is a direct drive motor that drives axle 1318 directly without any gears or other intermediate components. For example, such an implementation may reduce the number of parts and/or cost of parts of system 1300.

[00115] The light source 1304 here generates light 1324, which contains light 1324A propagating between the light source 1304 and the mirror 1326. Light 1324 is shown schematically in this figure to illustrate the various propagation possibilities, and for clarity, the entire light path not covered by the structure is shown. system 1300. Mirror 1326 may be used to reflect light 1324A to form light 1324B directed toward pivoting mirror 1302 and/or grating 1310. Mirror 1326 may include one or more materials that provide sufficient reflection of electromagnetic waves, which should be illuminated sample. In some implementations, light from light source 1304 includes a laser beam of one or more wavelengths. For example, a metal coated mirror and/or a dielectric mirror may be used.

[00116] The pivoting mirror 1302 is currently positioned (eg, oriented about the axis of rotation of the axis 1318) such that the first end 1328 of the pivoting mirror 1302 does not interrupt light 1324B. At this point, the first end 1328 may be located closer to the viewer than the light 1324B that may propagate in the plane of the drawing. That is, the reflective surface 1302a of the pivoting mirror 1302 facing the light source 1304 does not currently interrupt the light 1324B because the first end 1328 does not block the path of the light 1324B. Therefore, light 1324B propagates (through air, vacuum, or other fluid) until it reaches grating 1310.

[00117] Light 1324B interacts with grating 1310 in one or more ways. In some implementations, light 1324B is diffracted by grating 1310. Here, light 1324C is structured light (eg, contains one or more pattern bands) that radiates from grating 1310 as a result of light 1324B interacting with it. The light 1324C initially propagates in a substantially direction, generally in the direction of the side of the projection lens 1316. However, the position of the turning mirror 1302 is such that the second end 1330 of the turning mirror 1302 interrupts the light 1324C. The second end 1330 may be opposite the first end 1328. In some implementations, the first end 1328 and the second end 1330 may be located at any angle relative to each other, such as any angle from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. At this point, the second end 1330 may be located approximately as close to the observer as the light 1324C. That is, the reflective surface 1302B of the pivoting mirror 1302 facing the grating 1310 interrupts the light 1324C because the second end 1330 blocks the path of the light 1324C. From the light source 1324C, the pivoting mirror 1302 thus directs the light 1324D towards the piezoelectric strip driver 1312.

[00118] The piezoelectric strip driver 1312 performs phase selection of the light 1324D. For example, the piezoelectric strip drive 1312 selects the phase of the pattern to which the sample should be exposed under a given illumination (eg, for purposes of capturing one or more specific images). Light 1324E originates from the piezoelectric strip driver 1312 and propagates towards and enters the projection lens 1316. Light 1324E corresponds to a specific phase selection made by the piezoelectric drive 1312 bands. Thus, 1324E light can be characterized as phase-selective light. Light 1324E may then continue to propagate through the system (eg, as in system 100 in FIG. 1), such as to illuminate sample 116.

[00119] Here, the characteristics of the phase-selective electromagnetic waves of the light 1324E correspond to the fact that the light 1324B is diffracted by the grating 1310 and that the phase selection is performed by the piezoelectric band actuator 1312. In addition, the involvement of the grating 1310 here is the result of the positioning of the pivoting mirror 1302 such that its second end 1330 interrupts the light 1324C while the first end 1328 does not interrupt the light 1324B.

[00120] Let us now assume that the pivoting mirror 1302 has been moved to a different position instead. Similar to the previous example, the light source 1304 here generates light 1324A, which initially propagates towards the mirror 1326. However, unlike the previous example, the pivoting mirror 1302 is positioned here (eg, oriented around the axis of rotation of the axis 1318) such that the first end 1328 of the pivoting mirror 1302 interrupts the light 1324V. At this point, the first end 1328 may be located approximately as close to the observer as the light 300. That is, the reflective surface 1302A of the pivoting mirror 1302 facing the light source 1304 interrupts the light 1324B because the first end 1328 blocks the path of the light 1324B. Therefore, light 1324F propagates (through air, vacuum, or other fluid) until it reaches grating 1308.

[00121] Light 1324F interacts with grating 1308 in one or more ways. In some implementations, light 1324F is diffracted by grating 1308. Here, light 1324G is structured light (eg, contains one or more pattern bands) that radiates from grating 1308 as a result of light 1324F interacting with it. Light 1324G propagates essentially in the direction of the piezoelectric drive 1312 bands. The position of the turning mirror 1302 is such that the second end 1330 of the turning mirror 1302 does not interrupt the light 1324G. At this point, the second end 1330 may be located closer to the viewer than the light 1324G. That is, neither the reflective surface 1302B of the pivoting mirror 1302 nor the reflective surface 1302C facing the grating 1308 currently interrupts the light 1324G because the second end 1330 does not block the path of the light 1324G. Thus, the light 1324G propagates until it reaches the piezoelectric strip driver 1312.

[00122] The piezoelectric strip driver 1312 performs phase selection of the light 1324G. For example, the piezoelectric strip drive 1312 selects the phase of the pattern to which the sample is to be exposed under a given illumination (eg, for purposes of capturing one or more specific images). Light 1324E is emitted from the piezoelectric strip driver 1312 and propagates towards and into the projection lens 1316, similar to the examples described above.

[00123] Here, the characteristics of the phase-selective electromagnetic waves of the light 1324E correspond to the fact that the light 1324F is diffracted by the grating 1308 and that the phase selection is performed by the piezoelectric band actuator 1312. In addition, the involvement of the grating 1308 here is the result of positioning the pivoting mirror 1302 such that its first end 1328 interrupts the light 1324B while the second end 1330 does not interrupt the light 1324G. The pivoting mirror 1302 can be made to repeatedly assume different positions (eg, those described in the present respective examples) by means of different rotations. For example, the swivel mirror 1302 can reciprocate between these positions. As another example, the swivel mirror 1302 can be rotated in the same direction (eg, clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the stepper motor 1322) to repeatedly assume these positions.

[00124] As mentioned above, gratings 1308 and 1310 may have different grating orientations relative to each other. For example, gratings 1308 and 1310 may have grating orientations that are substantially perpendicular to each other. Thus, light 1324C from grating 1310 and light 1324G from grating 1308 may have different characteristics. For example, the pattern of the streaks of light 1324C may be different from the pattern of the streaks of light 1324G. Illumination of the sample (eg, sample 116 in FIG. 1) with various structured light may allow the system 1300 to be used for MCO imaging.

[00125] One or more components in system 1300 may at least partially provide such a design that reduces the space required to implement system 1300. For example, the design may include the geometry of one or more components of system 1300, which is selected so that to reduce the space occupied. In some implementations, light 1324 travels a path through system 1300 that has a substantially U-shaped geometry. For example, such a design may allow the light source 1304 and projection lens 1316 to be positioned such that light 1324A and light 1324E travel in directions substantially opposite to each other. In some implementations, mirror 1326 may allow gratings 1308 and 1310 to be positioned within the space formed by light source 1304, stepper motor 1322, and projection lens 1316. engine 1322.

[00126] The above examples illustrate a system that includes a light source (eg, light source 1304); a first grid (eg, grid 1310) and a second grid (eg, grid 1308); phase selector (eg, piezoelectric drive 1312 bands); and at least one reflective component (eg, pivoting mirror 1302). In the first position (eg, as in the first example), the reflective component forms a first light path from the light source to the first grating (eg, by having the first end 1328 not interrupt light 1324B) and then to the phase selector (eg, by having that the second end 1330 blocks light 1324C). In the second position (eg, as shown in FIGS. 4A-B), the reflective component forms a second light path from the light source to the second grating (eg, by having first end 1328 block light 1324B) and on to the phase selector (eg. , due to the fact that the second end 1330 does not interrupt the light 1324G).

[00127] The above examples also illustrate a system that includes a light source (eg, light source 1304); a first grid (eg, grid 1308) and a second grid (eg, grid 1310); phase selector (eg, piezoelectric drive 1312 bands); and at least one mirror (eg, pivoting mirror 1302). In particular, the mirror has a first position (eg, as in the second example) that interrupts (eg, by the first end 1328) the first path from the light source to the second grating, but does not interrupt (eg, due to the fact that the second end 1330 does not block light 1324G) the second path from the first grating to the phase selector. The mirror has a second position (eg, as in the first example) that interrupts (eg, by the second end 1330) the third path from the second grating and directs the second light (eg, light 1324D) to the phase selector without interrupting the first path (eg, due to the fact that the first end 1328 does not block the light 1324B).

[00128] Mirror 1326 is an example of a reflective component that can be used in system 1300. The above examples illustrate an implementation in which each of the first and second light paths (for example, the incidence of light on the grating 1308 or 1310, respectively) contains the first portion of the light path (for example, light 1324A) emanating from the light source and passing to the second reflective component, and each of the first and second light paths contains a second portion of the light path (for example, light 1324E) emanating from a subsequent component (for example, piezoelectric drive 1312 bands ), wherein the first and second portions of the light path are substantially parallel to each other.

[00129] The examples provided herein refer to the use of a reflective component and one or more gratings to provide structured light that can be used for MCO imaging. In some implementations, the mechanical movement may be significant (eg, as a mirror or other reflective component rotates). However, reasonable mechanical and motion errors can be provided. For example, less or no precision may be required with respect to the start or end position of a reflective component (eg, mirror or prismatic mirror); and stability and repeatability can be ensured (for example, in relation to a rotating mirror) through the use of precision bearings (for example, in a 1320 gimbal), a precision spindle (for example, for a 318 axis) and/or an accurate mirror (for example, using a 1302 rotating mirror having small deviations and/or good flatness). Stability and repeatability can be made independent of parts that may wear (eg guides and/or end stops).

[00130] As used herein, the terms "substantially" and "approximately" are used to describe and account for small fluctuations, such as those due to variations in processing. For example, these terms may correspond to deviations less than or equal to ±5%, less than or equal to ±2%, less than or equal to ±1%, less than or equal to ±0.5%, less than or equal to ±0.2%, less than or equal to ±0.1% less than or equal to ±0.05%. In addition, when used in this application, indefinite articles mean "at least one".

[00131] It should be understood that all combinations of the above concepts and additional concepts described in more detail below (provided that such concepts are not mutually incompatible) are considered as part of the subject matter of the present invention disclosed in this description. In particular, all combinations of claimed objects appearing at the end of this description are considered as part of the claimed object of the present invention disclosed in this description.

[00132] A number of implementations have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[00133] In addition, the logical flows depicted in the figures do not require the particular order shown in the figure or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In addition, other processes may be provided in the streams described, or processes may be omitted, and other components may be added to or removed from the systems described. Accordingly, other embodiments are also within the scope of the following claims.

[00134] While specific features of the described embodiments have been illustrated above, many possible modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to be understood that the following formula is intended to include all such modifications and changes as are within the scope of the embodiments. It should be understood that they are presented by way of non-limiting example only, and various changes in form and features may be made. Any parts of the devices and/or methods described herein may be combined in any combination other than mutually exclusive. The embodiments described herein may contain various combinations and/or partial combinations of functions, components and/or features of the various embodiments described herein.

Claims (24)

1. A system for generating spatially structured light, comprising: Light source; a first grid and a second grid; and a first reflective component configured in a first position to form a first light path emanating from the light source and extending to the first grating and then to a subsequent system component, and in a second position forming a second light path emanating from the light source and extending to the second grating and then to the next component, wherein the first reflective component comprises a pivoting mirror that assumes a first or second position, wherein the swivel mirror is two-sided and contains an elongated element, and essentially in the center of the elongated element with the elongated element is connected to the axis. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the axis is offset from a plane defined by the first and second light paths and substantially parallel to said plane. 3. The system according to claim 1, in which, when the rotary mirror assumes the first position, the first end of the elongated element interrupts the first path starting from the light source and extending to the second grating, and reflects the first light emanating from the light source towards the first grating. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein when the pivoting mirror assumes the first position, the second end of the elongated element does not interrupt the second path from the first grating to the subsequent component. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein when the pivoting mirror assumes the second position, the second end of the elongated member interrupts the second path from the second grating and reflects the second light from the second grating towards the subsequent component. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein when the pivoting mirror assumes the second position, the first end of the elongate element does not interrupt the first path starting from the light source and extending to the second grating. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second gratings are oriented such that their respective normals are directed towards each other, and wherein said axis is substantially aligned with said normals. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the pivoting mirror reciprocates between first and second positions. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein said downstream component is a phase selector. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a phase selector positioned between the light source and the first reflective component. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second reflective component positioned in front of the first and second gratings in each of the first and second light paths. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein each of the first and second light paths comprises a first portion of the light path emanating from the light source and extending to the second reflective component, wherein each of the first and second light paths comprises a second portion of the light path emanating from the specified subsequent component, while the first and second sections of the light path are essentially parallel to each other. 13. A method for generating spatially structured light using a system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising: positioning at least one reflective component to form a first light path emanating from the light source and passing to the first grating and then to the next component; directing the first phase-selective light from the first light path onto the sample; positioning said at least one reflective component to form a second light path emanating from said light source and extending to the second grating and then to said subsequent component; and directing a second phase-selective light from the second light path onto the sample. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that positioning said at least one reflective component to form the first light path comprises interrupting the first path emanating from the light source and passing to the second grating, and directing the first light towards the first grating, when this without interrupting the second path from the first lattice to the specified subsequent component. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that positioning said at least one reflective component to determine the second light path comprises interrupting the third path from the second grating and directing the second light from the second grating towards said subsequent component without interrupting the first path.

Images