RU2799727C1 - Method for manufacturing extended building structures from hardening material with reinforcement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in frames of multi-storey and high-rise buildings and structures. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement involves preparation of a hardening material, arrangement of formwork, reinforcement, laying of a hardening material, removal of formwork, reinforcement is carried out by placing a network of woven flexible threads into the body of the building structure by expanding the network of threads from a woven cord with gradual laying of hardening material into the formwork.

EFFECT: increase of the strength and stability of the building column.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in frames of multi-storey and high-rise buildings and structures.

It is known from the prior art to reinforce columns with metal rods (Article "Technology of concrete reinforcement" dated 03/06/2021 at the link https://vseoarmature.ru/armirovanie/betona). When reinforcing columns, the main rods are arranged vertically, their number depends on the shape and size of the column. They are connected to each other into a single frame using horizontal transverse elements in the form of clamps. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of structural strength.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a column (patent RU 2121045, publ. 10/27/1998), which contains a metal pipe with a concrete core inside, reinforced with spiral reinforcement so that the spiral either touches the inner walls of the pipe, or is separated from them by no more than 2-3 mm. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of strength and stability of the structure.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is the development of a method for reinforcing the column.

This problem is solved by the fact that the method of manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement provides for the preparation of a hardening material, arrangement of formwork, reinforcement, laying of a hardening material, removal of the formwork, reinforcement is carried out by placing a network of woven flexible threads into the body of the building structure by expanding the network of threads from a woven cord with gradual laying of the hardening material into the formwork.

The technical result is to increase the strength and stability of the building column, to increase the technological reliability of execution.

Reinforcement of the column occurs by placing a network of woven flexible threads into the body of the column.

The invention is illustrated by the figures, which show:

in fig. 1 schematic sectional view of the column,

in fig. 2 schematic top view of the column with extension device and cord,

in fig. 3 test results of the digital model of the column,

in fig. 4 - view of the reinforcement network of a round column,

Where

1 - hardened material of the column body

2 - a network of threads in a column

3 - expansion device

4 - threads

5 - cord of threads

6 - formwork

7 - fresh hardening material.

The body of the column contains a hardened material 1, in which a network 2 of woven flexible threads 4 is located.

Cord 5 is a bundle of threads woven to the right and left. Cord 5 can be used from four (the minimum number for a spatial stiffening frame with an equal number of woven threads to the right and left) to one hundred threads. The number of reinforcement threads depends on the column diameter and can correspond to columns from 300 mm to 10000 mm in diameter. The cord can consist of several layers of weaving, while each layer will form its own frame in the body of the hardening material. A central thread can be used in the cord, which in the body of the column will be located near the axis of the column.

Various patterns of weaving a cord from threads can be used, in particular:

- weaving with single threads, paired or triple;

- weaving in two or three layers, in which the first layer (outer) of ten double threads, the second layer (middle) of eight single and three central threads in the core;

- any other combination of threads.

At the entrance to the hardening material, the cord threads are expanded by the expansion device 3 without disturbing the weave. The amount of expansion corresponds to the required distance between the threads in the hardened material and keeps them in this position during operation. As the formwork 6, the hardening material and the expansion device 3 rise, the threads expand from the cord 5 and are fixed by concrete in the column body in accordance with the weaving principle, but being distributed over the entire volume of the column body.

The cord extension device consists of concentrically arranged gear disks, in which there are slots-passages for the threads crossing them. The rotation of the discs causes the slots to alternately align. Through these passages, the threads pass from one disk to another. The number of disks, as well as the principle of placement of passages, must strictly correspond to the principle of cord weaving. The expansion device is held and moved along the column using holders and movement devices known in the art, anchored to the launch pad or solidified body of the column.

The principle of operation of the extension device is similar to that of a cord braider. The difference is that the expansion device passes the threads through itself without changing their fundamental location and keeps them at the required distance from each other.

Various threads can be used in the cord: polymer, steel, carbon, metal alloys. Thread diameters can be from 0.5 to 50 mm. Threads of different thicknesses can be used in the cord.

The total diameter of the threads depends on the diameter of the column. So the total cross-sectional area of the threads should be in the range of 1-10% of the cross-sectional area of the column. This range is wider than the accepted indicators of reinforcement of concrete columns (3-5%) with steel reinforcement and significantly expands the possibilities of reinforcement in this way to perform various tasks. With an increase in the diameter of the column and a decrease in the percentage of reinforcement, a stronger column is obtained. With a decrease in the diameter of the column and an increase in the percentage of reinforcement, the flexibility and stability of the column increase. Reducing the percentage of reinforcement below 1% or exceeding it above 10% will lead to a loss of strength or stability of the structure.

After the threads leave the expansion device 3, the formwork of the column 6 is filled with hardening material 7. When the material hardens, the entire system, including the expansion device with a cord, moves higher and the space in the formwork is again filled with hardening material. The process of feeding the cord, expanding the threads of the cord, lifting the expander and supplying the hardening material is continuous. Thus, a constant build-up of the body of the column and the upward movement of the device are ensured. The growth rate of the column is limited by the rate of solidification of the material and can range from 0.5 cm to 50 cm per hour.

As a hardening material, it is possible to use concrete mixtures and other types of binders, including: concrete-polymer mixture, as well as compositions based on polymer or epoxy.

The cord of threads is not limited in length. Thus, the length of the column can be limited only by the design features of the formwork, the height of the supply of material (aggregate, cord), as well as the bearing capacity of the column. Cord supply is carried out from the construction site.

As a result of applying this method, a network of reinforcing threads intertwined in a certain way is formed in the body of the column, with the required number and spatial arrangement of threads. Provides a protective layer necessary to maintain the strength of the threads.

When using this method of reinforcing columns, the reinforcement threads are located neither vertically nor horizontally, but with an inclination of 5°-30° to the axis of the column, in the form of a spiral. The presence of spiral placement and its rotation (right / left) is provided by the type of cord weaving. The spiral arrangement of the thread in the cord fully corresponds to the spiral arrangement of the thread in the body of the column. This allows each thread to obtain a three-dimensional arrangement. This form of arrangement of the threads leads to the distribution of loads during bending of the column on all the threads. Unlike other methods of reinforcement, where only the threads in the tension zone take the load. The angle of inclination of the threads to the axis of the column is controlled by the ratio of the speed of lifting the expansion device and, accordingly, the supply of the hardening solution and the speed of feeding the cord through the expansion device.

Spiral placement of threads does not require horizontal binding of threads with clamps, which reduces costs and simplifies the process; prevents the formation of diagonal cracks; counteracts torsion and deflection of reinforcement.

Tests of the digital model of the column (Fig. 3) showed that the columns made by the claimed method are more stable and return to their original state after bending under a greater load than columns with classical steel reinforcement. In tests of a digital model, a column with mesh reinforcement (Fig. 3b) of ten strands of carbon fiber 14 mm in diameter showed resistance 8% higher than a column with classical reinforcement (Fig. 3a) of ten strands of steel 18 mm. The location of the reinforcement threads in the body of the column is shown in Fig. 4. Modeling was carried out on columns with a diameter of 400 mm and a length of 6000 mm.

Loads were taken as 200 t - vertical load, 40 t - lateral load. On the presented models, the loads were applied to the top of the columns, while the bottom of the columns was pinched. When modeling loads, the stability coefficients of columns were obtained: 17.116 for a column with the claimed type of reinforcement (filament diameter - 14 mm) and 18.477 for a classical column (filament diameter 18 mm). A negative value indicates the loss of stability of the columns under the applied load. As a result, the column made by the claimed method of reinforcement is 7% more stable with significant savings on the diameter of the threads. When comparing columns with an equal diameter of reinforcement threads, the stability of a column made by the claimed reinforcement method is higher by more than 20%.

Thus, the significant advantages of the claimed method are:

- Reducing the number of individual reinforcement elements;

- Lack of joints in the reinforcing threads;

- A significant reduction in the number of manual labor operations to perform reinforcement.

The claimed method of reinforcement provides:

1. Formation of columns with much greater stability (the ability to return to their original shape after the load is removed). Thus, columns with carbon fiber mesh reinforcement can replace a larger diameter column with classic reinforcement.

2. Reducing the need for manual labor in the formation of the reinforcing cage. This reduces costs and reduces the risk of errors in the production of works.

As a result of applying this method, it is possible to obtain a vertical, monolithic, reinforced round column with unique strength and stability properties.

The columns obtained by this method can be used (used):

- in building structures with a floor height of more than five meters;

- in the supports of bridges with a height of more than twenty meters;

- in columns in structures with limited access for people (high-rise structures, hazardous environments);

- in free-standing columns, assuming the free placement of a large load (oscillations) supported by the column - poles, water tower supports, wind turbine supports, etc.;

- in earthquake-resistant, flexible monolithic structures that absorb vibrations of the foundation and / or the earth;

- in structures that support loads that perform low-period spatial oscillations (0.01-5 Hz).

Claims (6)

1. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement, involving the preparation of a hardening material, arrangement of formwork, reinforcement, laying of a hardening material, removal of formwork, characterized in that the reinforcement is carried out by placing a network of woven flexible threads into the body of the building structure by expanding the network of threads from a woven cord with gradual laying of the hardening material into the formwork. 2. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the threads should be in the range of 1-10% of the cross-sectional area of the column. 3. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that threads can be used as flexible threads: polymer, steel, carbon, metal alloys. 4. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameters of the threads can be from 0.5 to 50 mm. 5. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that threads of different thicknesses can be used in the cord. 6. A method for manufacturing extended building structures from a hardening material with reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that concrete mixtures and other types of binders can be used as a hardening material, including: concrete-polymer mixture, as well as compositions based on polymer or epoxy.