RU2798919C1 - Electrobaromembrane apparatus of tubular type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation; concentration; purification of solutions.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the chemical, engineering, food industry, and the agricultural sector. A tube-type electrobaromembrane apparatus is disclosed, the distinctive feature of which is that on the inner surface of the body there are grooves in the form of a semicircle with an anode drainage grid laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode – an anode or an anode membrane. On the inner and outer surfaces of concentric filter elements of different lengths, grooves are made in the form of a semicircle with a cathode drainage grid laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode – a cathode or a cathode membrane. In the cooling swirler tube, there are overflow holes for circulation of the separated solution and located at an equal distance along its entire width and in the places of grooves in the form of a semicircle along the entire length.

EFFECT: increased productivity of the apparatus and the quality of separation of solutions.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of separation, concentration and purification of solutions by electromicrofiltration, electroultrafiltration, electron nanofiltration, electroosmofiltration and can be used in the chemical, engineering, food industry, the agricultural sector, etc.

An analogue of this design is a membrane apparatus, given in the USSR author's certificate No. SU 799779, class. B01D 63/06, 1979. It consists of a cylindrical body and longitudinal channels made on its inner surface, a microporous substrate, a membrane, end gratings, a central pipe with a hole and a branch pipe hermetically installed in the inner surface, which serves to output separation products, end caps. The disadvantage of this apparatus is the low productivity and quality of separation of solutions, the lack of turbulence and cooling of the separated (source) solution, as well as gas removal in the spaces of the near-cathode and near-anode permeate. This disadvantage is partially eliminated in the prototype.

The prototype of this design is a tube-type electrobaromembrane apparatus, the design of which is given in patent RU 2780028 C1, 09/19/2022. Bull. No. 26. The prototype consists of a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material, with a fitting located on its outer surface for introducing a liquid to be separated, a device for supplying electrical voltage, a microporous substrate that simultaneously serves as an electrode (anode), an anode membrane, gratings, concentric filter elements of various lengths, rotated relative to each other by 180°, series-connected separation chambers formed by concentric filter elements of various lengths with a cooling tube-turbulator located along the entire length from the coolant inlet fitting to the coolant outlet fitting with a width equal to the width of the cylindrical body from one pressure grate to another for fixing the cooling tube-turbulator in the center of the separation chamber and with a height equal to 1/3 of the height of the separation chamber, the central pipe made of a dielectric material with a hole and a branch pipe hermetically installed in the inner surface, which serves to remove the separation products, the outer surface is microporous a substrate serving as an electrode (cathode), a cathode membrane, end caps, in the upper part of which gas vents are installed to remove gases (oxygen and hydrogen) formed in the cathode and anode spaces and having fittings for acid and alkaline permeate.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: a small area of solution separation per unit volume of the apparatus, low productivity and quality of solution separation, inefficient turbulence and cooling of the separated (initial) solution.

The technical result is expressed by an increase in the solution separation area per unit volume of the apparatus, an increase in the productivity and quality of the separation of solutions, an improvement in turbulence and cooling of the separated (initial) solution due to the fact that the apparatus consists of a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material, located on its outer surface a fitting for introducing a liquid to be separated, a device for supplying electrical voltage, a microporous substrate that simultaneously serves as an electrode (anode), an anode membrane, gratings, concentric filter elements of various lengths rotated by 180° relative to each other, series-connected separation chambers formed by concentric filter elements of various lengths with a cooling tube-turbulator located along the entire length from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet with a width equal to the width of the cylindrical body from one pressure grid to another to fix the cooling tube-turbulator in the center of the separation chamber and a height equal to 1/3 the height of the separation chamber, the central pipe made of a dielectric material with a hole and a branch pipe hermetically installed in the inner surface, which serves to remove the separation products, the outer surface of the microporous substrate serving as an electrode (cathode), cathode membrane, end caps, in the upper part of which gas vents are installed to remove gases (oxygen and hydrogen) formed in the cathode and anode spaces and having fittings for acid and alkaline permeate, characterized in that on the inner surface of the housing there are grooves in the form of a semicircle with an anode drainage grid laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in a grating, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode (anode), an anode membrane, on the inner and outer surfaces of concentric filter elements of various lengths, semicircular grooves are made with a cathode drainage grid laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grating, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode (cathode), cathode membrane, in the cooling tube-turbulator there are overflow holes for circulation of the separated solution and located at an equal distance along its entire width and in the places of grooves in the form of a semicircle along its entire length.

In FIG. 1 shows a tubular electrobaromembrane apparatus, a longitudinal section, fig. 2 - section A-A in Fig. 1, fig. 3 - remote element B in Fig. 2 is a diagram of the migration of anions and cations in the separation chamber.

The tubular electrobaromembrane apparatus consists of a cylindrical body 1 with grooves in the form of a semicircle, a fitting for introducing the liquid to be separated 2, a device for supplying electrical voltage 3, longitudinal channels 4, an anode drainage grid 5, a microporous substrate 6 that simultaneously serves as an electrode (anode), an anode membranes 7, gratings 8, concentric filter elements 9 of various lengths with semicircular grooves and overflow channels 10, series-connected separation chambers 11, a central pipe 12 with an opening 13, a branch pipe 14, a cathode drainage grid 15, the outer surface of a microporous substrate 16 serving as electrode (cathode), cathode membrane 17, end caps 18 with fittings 19 and 20 for acid and alkaline permeate, respectively, gas vents 21, cooling tube-turbulator 22 with overflow holes 23 for circulation of the separated solution, fittings for inlet and outlet of coolant 24 and 25, respectively, clamping gratings 26.

Electrobaromembrane apparatus works as follows. The solution to be separated at a pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure of the substances dissolved in it, through the branch pipe 2 enters the separation chamber 11 closest to the body 1, Fig. 1, 2, 3. Moving through all separation chambers 11, FIG. 2, 3, the solution is mixed, circulating through the overflow holes 23 of the cooling tube-turbulator 22, located inside the separation chamber 11. After filling the apparatus with liquid, a constant electrical voltage is applied to the terminals 3, fig. 1, 2, which causes a certain current density in the solution. Under the influence of an electric field, anions are transported through the anode membrane 7 to the microporous substrate 6, which simultaneously serves as an electrode (anode) located on the housing 1, Fig. 2 and 3. Cations are transported through cathode membrane 17 to the surface of the nearest microporous substrate 16, which serves as an electrode (cathode). As a result of electrochemical reactions in the near-cathode and near-anode spaces, an alkali and an acid are formed, respectively, and various gases are also released. Alkali and acid are washed out with permeate, forced under the action of a pressure drop through the membranes, and the released gases (oxygen and hydrogen) through gas vents 21, Fig. 1 are removed into special containers. Next, the permeate moves along the anode and cathode drainage grids 5 and 15, corresponding to the longitudinal channels 4, and is removed from the apparatus through pipes 19 and 20, Fig. 1. The liquid to be separated through the overflow channel 10 in a concentric filter element 9 of various lengths enters the next separation chamber 11, located closer to the center of the apparatus, where processes similar to those described above take place, fig. 12.

Thus, dissolved substances are removed from the solution flowing sequentially through all chambers of the apparatus in the form of anions and cations. The depleted solution is discharged through the hole 13 into the central pipe 12, and then through the pipe 14 is removed from the apparatus, Fig. 1.

Simultaneously with the supply of the solution to be separated, a cooling agent (for example, tap water) is supplied through the coolant inlet 24, filling the entire cooling tube-turbulator 22 with overflow holes 23 in all separation chambers 11 with a width from one pressure grate 26 to another, Fig. 1, removing excess heat from the separated solution, and is discharged through the coolant outlet fitting 25, FIG. 2.

Increasing the solution separation area per unit volume of the apparatus, increasing the productivity and quality of solution separation, improving turbulence and cooling of the separated (initial) solution, Fig. 1, 2, 3 is achieved due to the fact that on the inner surface of the housing there are grooves in the form of a semicircle with an anode drainage mesh laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode (anode), an anode membrane, Fig. . 1, 2, 3, on the inner and outer surfaces of concentric filter elements of various lengths, grooves are made in the form of a semicircle with a cathode drainage grid laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode (cathode), a cathode membrane, in The cooling tube-turbulator has overflow holes for circulation of the separated solution and is located at an equal distance along its entire width and in the places of grooves in the form of a semicircle along its entire length, Fig. 2.

Baromembrane processes, such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration, can be carried out on the developed design of a tubular electrobaromembrane apparatus without applying an electric field.

Claims (1)

The tubular electrobaromembrane apparatus consists of a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material with a fitting located on its outer surface for introducing the liquid to be separated, a device for supplying electrical voltage, a microporous substrate that simultaneously serves as an electrode - an anode, an anode membrane, gratings, concentric filter elements of various lengths, rotated relative to each other by 180°, of series-connected separation chambers formed by concentric filter elements of various lengths with a cooling tube-turbulator located along the entire length from the coolant inlet fitting to the coolant outlet fitting with a width equal to the width of the cylindrical body from one clamping grid to the other to fix the cooling tube-turbulator in the center of the separation chamber and with a height equal to 1/3 of the height of the separation chamber, the central pipe made of a dielectric material with a hole and a branch pipe hermetically installed in the inner surface, which serves to remove the separation products, the outer surface of the microporous substrate , serving as an electrode - cathode, cathode membrane, end caps, in the upper part of which gas vents are installed to remove oxygen and hydrogen gases formed in the cathode and anode spaces and having fittings for acid and alkaline permeate, characterized in that grooves are made on the inner surface of the housing in the form of a semicircle with an anode drainage mesh laid over the entire surface, connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode - an anode, an anode membrane, on the inner and outer surfaces of concentric filter elements of various lengths, grooves in the form of a semicircle with laid over the entire surface a cathode drainage grid connected to longitudinal channels in the grid, a microporous substrate serving as an electrode - cathode, a cathode membrane, in the cooling tube-turbulator there are overflow holes for circulation of the separated solution and located at an equal distance along its entire width and in the places of grooves in the form of a semicircle along the entire length.

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