RU2797726C1 - Method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the operation of thermal power equipment and can be used in thermal and nuclear power plants. In the method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment, acoustic oscillations are created in the vapor space inside the condensing equipment, the frequency and level of acoustic oscillations are determined and measured using an acoustic oscillation spectrum analyser, the frequency and level of acoustic oscillations are changed by an acoustic oscillation generator, the frequency and level parameters of acoustic oscillations are selected and fixed at the moment when the state of the condensate changes from film to drip state, an acoustic effect is performed with fixed parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic oscillations until the completion of the process.

EFFECT: reduction in temperature difference and fuel consumption, as well as an increase in the efficiency of turbine units due to the intensification of heat transfer in condensing heat exchange equipment.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of thermal power engineering, in particular, the operation of thermal power equipment and can be used in thermal and nuclear power plants.

State of the art

There is a method that is implemented using a device for creating acoustic vibrations in a heat exchanger (SU 699314, IPC F28F 13/10, B06V 1/18, publ. set frequency pair. The frequency is determined by calculation by the ratio of the depth of the cavity to its diameter and is regulated by movable limiters. When the ratio of the depth of the cavity to its diameter is equal to one, the cavity generates oscillations with a maximum frequency. The heat-exchange pipes are provided with a swirling steam flow around the heat exchange pipes with a given oscillation frequency, as a result, the pipes are vibrated, destroying the condensate film on the pipes, reducing the boundary layer in the wall-heated solution section.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for high steam speeds - 10-40 m/s to generate steam oscillations of a given frequency by resonant cavities.

A known method for lowering the water temperature in heat exchange units, for example, in cooling towers, (RU 2263863, IPC F28C 1/00, publ. 11/10/2005), which involves the action of air flows on the evaporated water surface, characterized in that the water surface is additionally subjected to high-frequency acoustic exposure with frequencies corresponding to or multiples of the frequencies of natural thermal vibrations of water molecules

ν _A =ν _skt ⋅n;

ν _A \u003d ν _skt / n

where ν _A is the frequency of acoustic vibrations;

ν _ct - frequency of natural thermal oscillations;

where i is the average number of intermolecular distances traveled by a molecule or particle before the collision;

L is the distance between the centers of molecules;

d is the diameter of the molecules;

k - Boltzmann's constant;

T - thermodynamic temperature of water;

m is the mass of the molecule (particle);

n is an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.,

at the same time, with the amplitude of the oscillatory displacement of acoustic waves equal to or exceeding the value of the intermolecular distance, at which the forces of attraction between water molecules are negligible A≥1,

where A is the amplitude of the oscillatory displacement of acoustic waves;

1 - distance between water molecules, at which the forces of attraction between them are negligible, 1≈10 ^-9 m.

The disadvantage of this method is that the evaporated water surface is affected by air flows and additionally high-frequency acoustic impact with frequencies that require laborious calculations and selections.

A method is known that is implemented by a heat exchange complex for a cooling water recycling system (RU 2294500, IPC F28C 1/00, publ. 27.02.2007), in which the air flow affects the evaporating water surface, for example, in a cooling tower. At the same time, the heat exchange complex contains installed, for example, inside the exhaust tower, a water-pressure distribution system with sprinklers, sprinkler modules, as well as a tank for collecting cooled water, contains multi-tiered air-pressure collectors with generators of high-frequency acoustic oscillations placed on them with a wave frequency of, for example, 25 kHz, located above the fill modules and (or) above the water surface in the chilled water collection tank and (or) above the front of the falling water flow ejected from the spray devices of the water distribution system.

The disadvantage of this method is its inapplicability to influence the steam condensate film, which is formed on the tubes of the horizontal pipe system of heat exchange equipment of CHP (thermal power plant) and nuclear power plant (nuclear power plant).

A known method of magnetoacoustic treatment of water systems and a device for its implementation (RU 2312290, IPC F28G 7/00, B08B 7/02, B08B 3/12, publ. 10.12.2007), which consists in a complex effect on the system of magnetic and acoustic fields, with At the same time, the water moving in the pipe is affected by a pulsed local magnetic field rotating 360° in planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction vector of water movement, and acoustic waves are excited in the aquatic environment and in the wall and scale, in the aquatic environment - infrasonic frequency, and in the wall of the water systems and scale - sound. A device for magnetoacoustic processing of a water system, containing a magnetoacoustic emitter with a control system, formed by a magnetic circuit and installed at a distance from each other by the main magnetizing coil, a compensating coil with coaxially located cores, as well as a toroidal magnetic field shift coil wound on an annular core located around the main part of the magnetic circuit between the main magnetizing and compensating coils, while the cores of the main magnetizing and compensating coils are made with the possibility of contact with the inlet pipe of the treated water pipeline, and the magnetic circuit of the magnetoacoustic emitter is formed by the main part of the magnetic circuit and the cores of the main magnetizing and compensating coils, ensuring the contact of the magnetic circuit with the inlet pipe of the pipeline treated water system.

The disadvantage of the method and device for magnetoacoustic treatment of water systems is that it cannot be used to influence the steam condensate film, which is formed on the tubes of the horizontal pipe system of the heat exchange equipment of a CHP (thermal power plant) and a nuclear power plant (nuclear power plant), since the action is aimed at destroying the insoluble part of the scale on the walls of the elements boilers and removal of salts soluble in the water supply pipe.

A known method of cooling circulating industrial water (RU 2532397, IPC F28C 1/00, publ. 11/10/2014), which consists in the evaporation of part of its volume from the surface of the reservoir-cooler and channels, as well as in the cooling tower, which consists in the selection of water heated in facility of the power complex, its discharge through the first outlet channel with the first partial cooling to the cooling tower, the first main cooling of water in the cooling tower and the direction of pre-chilled water through the second outlet channel with its second partial cooling into the cooling pond, the second main cooling of water in the cooling pond , the direction of almost completely chilled water through the supply channel to the facility of the energy complex with its third partial cooling, the cooling of the facility of the energy complex with completely cooled circulating technical water, while further reducing the loss of water for evaporation during its cooling due to the transfer of thermal energy by it to the ground and to the lower colder layers of water additionally increase the heat transfer of water moving through the channels, as well as cooled in the cooling tower and in the cooling pond by preliminary physical impact on it by acoustic and hydrodynamic waves, as well as air bubbles, additionally in the channels create turbulent mixing of the upper and lower layers of water, additionally in the reservoir-cooler, mixing of the upper and lower layers of water is created, additionally in the reservoir-cooler, the bottom is cleaned of constantly accumulating precipitation and the cooling properties of groundwater are used, additionally, droplets of sprayed water are crushed in the cooling tower and its thinner laminar flow is created on the sprinkler .

The disadvantage of this method is its inapplicability to influence the steam condensate film, which is formed on the tubes of the horizontal pipe system of heat exchange equipment of CHP (thermal power plant) and nuclear power plant (nuclear power plant).

A known method for cleaning and protecting the surfaces of heat exchange units for various purposes from deposits, which is implemented using a device for acoustic impact on the walls of the heat exchanger (RU177213, IPC B06 B 1/06, F28G 7/00, G10K 15/06, publ. 13.02.2018 ), in which the step-down transformer of the power source converts the alternating voltage Uc = 220 V 50 Hz to U1 = 12 V 50 Hz with galvanic isolation of networks to ensure electrical safety requirements. The step-up transformer converts the alternating voltage U1=20 V 50 Hz to U2=380 V 50 Hz with galvanic isolation, and the capacitive fourfold voltage multiplier detects the alternating voltage into a constant one, charging the storage electric capacitor, and through the limiting resistor the electric capacitance of the piezoelectric converter is charged. The electric capacitance of the piezoelectric transducer 8 is charged by the current from the storage electric capacitor through the limiting resistor and at the contacts of the gas discharge device. When the breakdown voltage of the protective gas discharge device is reached, a gas discharge is obtained, the electrical resistance of the protective gas discharge device becomes very small and a discharge of the capacitance of the piezoelectric transducer is reached with the corresponding emission of an acoustic pulse. After that, the high resistance of the protective gas discharge device is restored. The electric capacitance of the piezoelectric transducer is charged with current from the storage electric capacitor. When the breakdown voltage of the protective gas-discharge device is reached, the cycle is repeated.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that it is aimed at cleaning deposits on surfaces in heat exchangers, for which a narrowly focused piezoelectric transducer is used, which is easy to operate, but the cost of production, which is high due to the use of expensive specialized piezoelectric elements.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a method that is implemented using a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (SU 1125461, IPC F28D 7/00, F28F 13/10, publ. space, for this, annular grooves are made in the tube sheets, which, when the boards are combined, form resonant cavities that communicate through the overflow holes with the annulus.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low intensity of heat transfer associated with the need for a stable flow of the coolant through the holes and slots at high speed for the occurrence of self-oscillations and the creation of a high intensity of sound vibrations.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical result of the claimed invention is a reduction in temperature difference and fuel consumption, as well as an increase in the efficiency of turbine installations, due to the intensification of heat transfer in the condensing heat exchange equipment at thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.

The technical result is achieved by using the method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment, in which acoustic vibrations are created, for which acoustic vibration sources are installed in the vapor space inside the condensing equipment, a condensate condition monitoring device is placed, including an optical system, relative to the controlled section of the horizontal pipe system, so that the entire controlled section of the horizontal pipe system falls into the field of view of the optical system of the device for monitoring the condensate condition, generate and reproduce acoustic vibrations inside the condensing equipment with the initial parameters of frequency and level, control the behavior of condensate on the surface of the horizontal pipe system using the device for monitoring the condition condensate, including an optical system, determine and measure the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations using an acoustic vibration spectrum analyzer, change the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations with an acoustic vibration generator, select and fix the parameters of the frequency and drip, carry out acoustic impact with fixed parameters of frequency and level of acoustic vibrations until the completion of the process.

As a result of the use of the invention, acoustic vibrations are generated, created by sources of acoustic vibrations, affecting the horizontal pipe system and the state of condensate on the surface of the horizontal pipes of the condensing equipment, which makes it possible to intensify heat transfer in the condensing heat exchange equipment by increasing the heat transfer coefficient, which leads to a decrease in temperature difference and flow fuel, as well as increasing the efficiency of turbine installations.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a visualization of the method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment.

In FIG. 1 adopted the following designations:

1. Capacitor;

2. Horizontal pipe system;

3. Source of acoustic vibrations;

4. Heat resistant audio cable;

5. German entry;

6. Generator of acoustic oscillations with an amplifier;

7. Video camera;

8. Monitor;

9. Microphone;

10. Analyzer of the spectrum of acoustic vibrations;

11. Cable.

Implementation of the invention

The method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment is implemented as follows:

- install sources of acoustic vibrations 3 (Fig. 1) in the steam space inside the condensing equipment,

- a device for monitoring the state of the condensate is placed, including an optical system consisting of a video camera 7 (Fig. 1), a monitor 8 (Fig. 1) and a cable 11 (Fig. 1). The monitor 8 (Fig. 1) is installed at a stationary post, and the video camera 7 (Fig. 1) - relative to the controlled section of the horizontal pipe system, so that the entire controlled section of the horizontal pipe system falls into the field of view of the optical system of the control device,

- generate and reproduce acoustic vibrations inside the condensing equipment with initial frequency and level parameters,

- control the behavior of the state of the condensate on the surface of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1) using a device for monitoring the state of the condensate, including an optical system, determine and measure the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations using the acoustic oscillation spectrum analyzer 10 (Fig. 1), change frequency and level of acoustic vibrations by the generator of acoustic vibrations 6 (Fig. 1),

- select and fix the parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations at the moment when the state of the condensate changes from film to drip,

- carry out acoustic impact with fixed parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations until the completion of the process.

The implementation of the claimed method is shown in the following example: The sources of acoustic vibrations 3 (Fig. 1), made, for example, in the form of heat-resistant audio speakers in a moisture-proof design, are installed in the vapor space inside the condensing equipment, for example, using brackets and bolted connections, which, by means of welds are fixed on the walls of the capacitor housing 1 (Fig. 1), a heat-resistant audio cable 4 (Fig. 1) is inserted into the capacitor 1 (Fig. 1) through a pressure seal 5 (Fig. 1) and connected to sources of acoustic vibrations 3 (Fig. 1) , on the other hand, a heat-resistant audio cable 4 (Fig. 1) is connected to an acoustic oscillation generator with an amplifier 6 (Fig. 1), which is connected to a 220 V AC mains using a power cable, also in the vapor space of the condensation equipment complex is installed and fixed on walls of the condensation equipment relative to the controlled section of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1) optical system device for monitoring the state of the condensate, for example, a video camera 7 (Fig. 1) with backlight, connected by means of a cable 11 (Fig. 1) through a pressure seal 5 (Fig. 1) with a monitor 8 (Fig. 1). The video camera 7 (Fig. 1) is oriented in such a way that the entire controlled section of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1) falls into its field of view, while the image of the controlled section of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1) is displayed on the monitor 8 (Fig. 1). 1), the microphone 9 (Fig. 1) is fixed in a sealed fitting and connected with a cable 11 (Fig. 1) to an acoustic vibration spectrum analyzer 10 (Fig. 1).

Acoustic oscillations are generated using an acoustic oscillation generator with an amplifier 6 (Fig. 1) and acoustic oscillations are reproduced by sources of acoustic oscillations 3 (Fig. 1) inside the capacitor 1 (Fig. 1) with initial frequency and level parameters. The operating values of the frequency of acoustic vibrations, as well as the level of acoustic vibrations are selected, measured using an acoustic vibration spectrum analyzer 10 (Fig. 1), which perceives acoustic vibrations from a microphone 9 (Fig. 1). Perform acoustic impact on the steam condensate, which is formed on the tubes of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1), and directly on the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1). As a result of the acoustic impact on the steam condensate and the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1), the condensate passes from the film state to the drip state, which intensifies heat transfer in the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1).

It has been experimentally established that the optimal value of the frequency of acoustic oscillations lies in the range from 100 to 20,000 Hz of acoustic waves. The image on the monitor 8 (Fig. 1) allows you to control the behavior of the condensate on the surface of the horizontal pipe system 2 (Fig. 1) and to record the transition of the condensate from the film to the drip state, as well as the temperature difference created on the condensing equipment (Fig. 1). The moment of transition of the condensate from the film state to the drip state is fixed by the analyzer of the spectrum of acoustic vibrations, the parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations. Next, the acoustic impact is carried out by fixed parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations until the completion of the process.

Claims (1)

A method of acoustic impact on condensing equipment, in which acoustic vibrations are created, for which acoustic vibration sources are installed in the vapor space inside the condensing equipment, a condensate condition monitoring device is placed, including an optical system, relative to the controlled section of the horizontal pipe system, so that in the field of view of the optical system of the condensate state control device, the entire controlled section of the horizontal pipe system enters, generate and reproduce acoustic vibrations inside the condensing equipment with initial frequency and level parameters, control the behavior of condensate on the surface of the horizontal pipe system using a condensate state control device, including an optical system, determine and measure the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations using an acoustic vibration spectrum analyzer, change the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations with an acoustic vibration generator, select and fix the parameters of the frequency and parameters of the frequency and level of acoustic vibrations until the completion of the technological process.

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