RU2797055C1 - Horizontal disc metering unit for precision planters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to seeders for precision seeding of row crops. The horizontal disk metering unit of the dotted planter includes a cylindrical seed hopper with a folding bottom having two seeding windows. The hopper has a horizontal cellular sowing disc with an odd number of cells, with its drive mechanism. Two flat reflectors of excess seeds and two ejector teeth are placed above the disc diametrically opposite to each other in the front and the rear parts of the sowing unit. A seed tube is installed under the disk for seeds falling from the sowing windows, having front and rear sections located under the sowing windows, which merge into one before entering the coulter.

EFFECT: invention expands the range of adjustments of the seeding rate, reduces rotation speed of the sowing disc and damage to the seeds, increases the occupancy of the cells, which improves the quality of sowing.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a precision seed drill for row crops.

Known horizontal-disc sowing machine seeders SKGK-6V, SKGN-6, SKNK-8, including a cylindrical hopper for seeds, a horizontal cellular sowing disc, its drive mechanism, a folding bottom of the hopper with a sowing window, a flat reflector of extra seeds, a spring-loaded ejector tooth and the seed tube of seeds falling from the sowing window (Seeders for sowing corn. Electronic resource. Access mode https://stroy-technics.ru/article/seyalki-dlya-poseva-kukuruzy ; Device of a square-nest planter. Electronic resource. Access mode https ://stroy-technics.ru/article/ustroistvo-kvadratno-gnezdovoi-seyalki ). In the well-known sowing machine, the calibrated seeds located in the hopper with their lower layer are in contact with the sowing disc, fill its cells one at a time and move towards the sowing window. Excess seeds lying in bulk on the disk are cleaned off with a flat reflector, and the seeds that have fallen into the cells are pushed out by a spring-loaded ejector tooth through the sowing window into the seed tube. It is one of the first single seed drills designed to precisely place seeds in the furrow in nests or singles. A disadvantage of the known apparatus is the low frequency of seed dispensing, which leads to a limitation of the seeding rate, especially at a unit speed of up to 2 m/s. The reason for the limitation is gaps in the filling of cells at a speed of rotation of the sowing disc more than 0.25 m/s. Because of this, it is not possible to sow more than 5 seeds per meter of row with single-grain sowing at a machine speed of about 8 km/h.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the horizontal-disk sowing machine of dotted seeders, including a cylindrical hopper for seeds with a folding bottom, having two seeding windows, a horizontal cellular seeding disc installed in the hopper, having an odd number of cells, with its drive mechanism, located above it diametrically opposite to each other are two flat reflectors of excess seeds in the front and rear parts of the metering unit, and diametrically opposite to each other are two ejector teeth in the front and rear parts of the metering unit, and a seed tube for seeds falling from the sowing windows, having front and rear sections located under the sowing windows, which merge into one before entering the coulter.

In FIG. 1 shows a horizontal-disk metering device of dotted seeders in a section in a side view, in Fig. 2 - the sowing disk and the bottom of the same device in a top view.

The horizontal-disk sowing machine of dotted seeders includes a cylindrical hopper 1 for seeds, a cellular sowing disc 2, a folding bottom 3 with two sowing windows 4 and 5, a drive mechanism 6, two flat reflectors 7 extra seeds, two spring-loaded ejector teeth 8 with their axes 9 turns, seed duct 10 with front and rear upper sections and base bottom 11. Hopper 1 for seeds, flat reflectors 7 extra seeds with axes 9 of rotation of the ejector teeth 8 are attached to the base bottom 11. Each ejector tooth 8 is located above its sowing window 4 or 5 under the flat reflector 7. Seeding windows 4 and 5, as well as both ejector teeth 8 and extra seed reflectors 7, are located in the front and rear parts of the sowing unit diametrically opposite, that is, strictly symmetrical relative to its transverse center line. The number of cells on the seed disc must be odd. The upper portions of the seed tube 10 originate under the sowing windows and merge together before entering the coulter (not shown). A drive shaft (not shown) typically runs transversely under all meters and has space between the front and rear top portions of seed tube 10.

Horizontal-disk metering machine dotted seeders works as follows. The seeds calibrated for the size of the cells are in contact with the sowing disc 2 along its entire circumference, excluding the areas occupied by the reflectors 7 of extra seeds. The sowing disc rotates and the seeds fill the cells one at a time. When approaching the ejector tooth, the seed is located above the sowing window and, having received the ejection effect, falls into the seed tube. The odd number of cells on the disk and the diametrically opposite arrangement of the sowing windows create a clear sequence of ejection of seeds by the sowing machine. When one of the ejectors is lowered into the cell, the other is raised to the jumper between the disc cells (Fig. 1). Front and rear in the direction of movement of the unit, the location of the upper sections of the seed tube 10 creates the identity of the conditions for the movement of seeds along them, since in each of them there will be the same longitudinal speeds of falling seeds created by the movement of the unit, and transverse speeds created by the sowing disk. This contributes to the equality of the time intervals between the exit of seeds from the sowing unit. A twofold increase in the number of sowing windows, compared to analogues, doubles the frequency of sowing seeds at the same seeding disc rotation speed, which expands the range of seeding rate adjustments, or also reduces the seeding disc rotation speed by half at the same seeding rate, which guarantees no gaps in filling cells and drastically reduces seed damage. Thus, the claimed horizontal-disk sowing machine of dotted seeders achieved a technical result in improving the quality of sowing.

Claims (1)

Horizontal-disc sowing unit of a dotted seeder, characterized in that it includes a cylindrical seed hopper with a folding bottom having two sowing windows, a horizontal cellular sowing disc installed in the hopper, having an odd number of cells, with its drive mechanism, located above it diametrically opposite to each other to each other, two flat reflectors of excess seeds in the front and rear parts of the sowing unit, and diametrically opposite to each other two ejector teeth in the front and rear parts of the sowing unit, and a seed tube for seeds falling from the sowing windows, having front and rear sections located under the sowing windows , which merge into one before entering the coulter.

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