RU2796833C1 - Method for producing ammonia-sulfite caramel color with a high content of dyes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: methods for producing caramel dyes from various carbohydrate-containing raw materials using a variety of techniques and can be used in the production of food dyes for coloring various food products. The method for obtaining ammonia-sulfite caramel color with a high content of dyes includes heating up to 60°C of a concentrated solution of glucose-fructose aqueous syrup with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% in a reactor with a stirrer and thermal insulation, followed by the addition of 20% of the initial volume of a solution of monosaccharides of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25%, glycine orβ -alanine in an amount of 1% by weight of the initial glucose-fructose solution, heating the reaction mixture up to 120°C, adding 1% by weight of the initial sodium sulfite monosaccharide syrup, heating the contents of the reactor up to 140°C, adding hot water to the solution at a temperature of 70-80°C in a volume constituting 20% of the initial volume of the glucose-fructose solution, with continuous stirring, followed by cooling of the dye solution.

EFFECT: obtaining an ammonia-sulfite color with a high content of dyes while reducing the content of ammonium inorganic substances.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular, to methods for producing sugar (caramel colors) from various carbohydrate-containing raw materials using a variety of technologies and can be used for coloring yellow-brown colors of various color intensities of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, confectionery, dairy products, sauces and desserts.

Known methods for obtaining sugar color [Bolotov V.M., Nechaev A.P., Sarafanova L.A.. Food colorings: classification, properties, analysis, application.-SPb.: GIORD, 2008. - 240 p. .C. Food additives. Handbook. - 2nd ed. Revised and additional - M.: DeLi print, 2003. - 436 s, Obtaining sugar colors using computer control of the color of solutions. Bolotov V.M., Savvin P.N., Komarova E.V., Vorontsov I.N., Nesmeyanova A.R., Gadomskaya T.A. In the Collection: Food security: scientific, personnel and information support. Collection of scientific articles and reports of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference. VSUIT. 2019. P.177-184] include the process of thermal heating of various carbohydrate-containing raw materials (glucose, fructose, or mixtures thereof, sucrose, starch hydrolyzate concentrates) without or using catalysts (food grade acids, alkalis or salts).

Depending on the catalysts used and technologies for obtaining sugar color, it is divided into 4 types: E150a, E150b, E150c, E150d.

Sugar color I simple (E150a) is obtained by controlled heating of carbohydrates in the presence of a small amount of water (monomers and/or polymers of glucose and fructose, for example glucose syrups, sucrose and/or invert syrup, maltodextrins).

To prepare a color scheme, 1-2% of water by weight of sugar is poured into a reactor with a stirrer, the raw materials are evenly loaded with stirring and heated to 160-165 ° C. The temperature is maintained until the mixture acquires a dark brown color, then 8% of water is added, heated to 70 -80°C and raise the temperature to 180-200°C with constant stirring, keep the mixture until the end of the caramelization process, followed by the addition of a small amount of hot water.

Sugar color II (E 150b) is obtained by alkali-sulfite technology by thermal heating of carbohydrates according to the technology for obtaining color I (E 150a), but with the addition of sulfite compounds (potassium or sodium sulfite or bisulfite) to the reaction mass.

Sugar color III (E150c) is obtained similarly to sugar color I (E150a), but with the addition of ammonium compounds (hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate) using ammonia technology.

Sugar color IV (E150d) is obtained similarly to sugar color I (E150a), but with the addition of compounds containing an ammonium cation and an anion of sulfite (hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate, ammonium sulfite or bisulfite, potassium or sodium sulfite or bisulfite) - ammonium - sulfite technology.

The disadvantage of the known methods for producing sugar colors E150a - E150c is the low content of dyes in them, which leads to an increase in the consumption of these compounds for coloring food. Kohler E150d, which has a higher content of dyes among this type of dyes, contains compounds harmful to human health (carcinogenic substances formed during the heat treatment of carbohydrates in the presence of highly reactive inorganic sulfite and ammonium reagents) that cause cancerous tumors and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, when its use must take into account its concentration in food (the possibility of using a colorant is limited).

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing an ammonia-sulfite color scheme with a high content of coloring substances by introducing into the formulation of an ammonium organic compound harmless to human health - an amino acid (in the form of an aliphatic monoamino monocarboxylic acid with a primary hydrocarbon radical next to the amino group - glycine or β-alanine) with a simultaneous decrease in the content of ammonium inorganic substances.

To solve the problem of the invention, a method is proposed for obtaining an ammonia-sulfite color scheme with a high content of dyes, including heating to 60 ° C a concentrated solution of monosaccharides (glucose-fructose syrup) with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% in a reactor with a stirrer and thermal insulation, followed by the addition of 20% from the initial volume of an aqueous solution of monosaccharides, an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25% and an amino acid (in the form of an aliphatic monoaminomonocarboxylic acid with a primary hydrocarbon radical next to the amino group - glycine or β-alanine) in an amount of 1% of the mass of the initial monosaccharide solution, heating the reaction mixture up to 120°C, adding 1% by weight of the initial solution of carbohydrates of sodium sulfite, further heating the contents of the reactor to 140°C, adding hot water with a temperature of 70-80°C to the solution in an amount of 20% of the initial volume of the carbohydrate solution with continuous stirring, cooling the dye solution.

Example 1 (prototype). To obtain sugar color E150d, 100 g (75 cm ³ ) of an aqueous solution of glucose-fructose syrup with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% are taken and placed in a flat-bottomed thermally insulated stainless steel reactor with a volume of 350 cm ³ with a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer to control the temperature inside the reaction mass, turn on heating. Heated to 60°C, add 20% of the original volume of an aqueous solution of monosaccharides aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25% (15 cm ³ ).

When the reaction mass is heated to a temperature of 80-90°C, 15 cm ³ of ammonium hydroxide are added again, and at a temperature of 110°C, 1% by weight of the initial aqueous solution of sodium sulfite monosaccharides (1 g) is added to it. The reaction mixture is heated to 140°C, the heating is turned off and 33% of the initial volume of an aqueous solution of monosaccharides (25 cm ³ ) of hot water with a temperature of 70-80°C is added with stirring.

The dye solution is cooled and poured into a container with a sealed package.

The main results of the properties of the obtained sugar color E150d are presented in table. 1.

Table 1
The main physical indicators of sugar color E150d №№p/n Name of indicator Normalized values Indicator value 1 Appearance and color Dark brown to black liquid Black-brown liquid 2 Smell and taste It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. 3 Density at 20°С, g/ ^cm3 1.26 1.36 4 Mass fraction of dry matter, % 40.0- 75.0 75.0 5 Optical density of 0.1% sugar color at a wavelength of 610 nm in a cuvette 10 mm thick 0.10-0.60 0.32

Example 2. To obtain a sugar color with a high content of dyes, 100 g (75 cm ³ ) of an aqueous solution of glucose-fructose syrup with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% are taken, placed in a flat-bottomed thermally insulated reactor and heated in accordance with the technology described in example 1.

Further (in contrast to the currently used technology for obtaining sugar color E 150d), after adding 15 cm ³ of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25% to the reaction mixture at a temperature of 60 ° C, 1 g of the amino acid glycine is introduced into the reactor with a uniform distribution by volume mixtures.

Next, the contents of the reactor continue to be heated and at 110°C it contribute 1 g of sodium sulfite. At 140°C turn off the heating and with stirring add 25 cm ³ hot water with a temperature of 70-80°C.

The dye solution is cooled and poured into a container with a sealed package.

The main results of the properties of the resulting sugar color with a high content of colorants with the addition of the amino acid glycine are presented in table.2.

table 2
The main physical characteristics of spruce sugar color with a high content of dyes with the addition of glycine №№p/n Name of indicator Normalized values Indicator value 1 Appearance and color Dark brown to black liquid Black chocolate liquid 2 Smell and taste It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. 3 Density at 20°С, g/ ^cm3 1.26 1.37 4 Mass fraction of dry matter, % 40.0- 75.0 85.0 5 Optical density of 0.1% sugar color at a wavelength of 610 nm in a cuvette 10 mm thick 0.10-0.60 0.45

Example 3. To obtain a sugar color with a high content of dyes, 100 g (75 cm ³ ) of an aqueous solution of glucose-fructose syrup with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% are taken, placed in a flat-bottomed thermally insulated reactor and heated in accordance with the technology described in example 1.

Further (in contrast to the currently used technology for obtaining sugar color E 150d), after adding 15 cm ³ of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25% to the reaction mixture at a temperature of 60 ° C, 1 g of the amino acid β-alanine is introduced into the reactor with a uniform distribution by volume of the mixture.

Next, the contents of the reactor continue to be heated and at 110°C it contribute 1 g of sodium sulfite. At 140°C turn off the heating and with stirring add 25 cm ³ hot water with a temperature of 70-80°C.

The dye solution is cooled and poured into a container with a sealed package.

The main results of the properties of the resulting sugar color with a high content of colorants with the addition of the amino acid β-alanine are presented in table. 3.

Table 3
The main physical indicators of sugar color with a high content of dyes with the addition of β-alanine №№p/n Name of indicator Normalized values Indicator value 1 Appearance and color Dark brown to black liquid Black-brown liquid 2 Smell and taste It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. It has a bitter taste and smell of burnt sugar. 3 Density at 20°С, g/ ^cm3 1.26 1.35 4 Mass fraction of dry matter, % 40.0- 75.0 83.0 5 Optical density of 0.1% sugar color at a wavelength of 610 nm in a cuvette 10 mm thick 0.10-0.60 0.41

As can be seen from tables 1-3, the sugar colors obtained according to example 2.3 with the addition of amino acids - glycine and β-alanine contain 1.4 times more dyes (0.45 / 0.32) using glycine (Table 2) and 1.3 times more (0.41/0.32) with the use of β-alanine (Table 3) compared with the sugar color E 150d (Table 1) and have a two times lower concentration of the input according to technologies for obtaining ammonium hydroxide dye. The advantage of this method of preparation is also that the amino acids used are involved in bioprocesses occurring in the human body: glycine is a metabolic regulator, normalizes and activates the processes of protective inhibition in the central nervous system, reduces psycho-emotional stress, increases mental performance, β-alanine is an amino acid , which is necessary in everyday life to provide energy to the brain, muscle cells and tissues. In addition, it is involved in the formation of proteins, which are the building material for the muscular skeleton.

Thus, the use of the proposed technology for the production of sugar color E 150d with the addition of glycine and β-alanine amino acids to the formulation makes it possible to produce food dyes useful for the human body with a higher content of coloring substances.

Claims (1)

A method for producing ammonia-sulfite sugar color with a high content of dyes, including heating to 60 ° C a concentrated solution of glucose-fructose aqueous syrup with a mass fraction of monosaccharides of 70% in a reactor with a stirrer and thermal insulation, followed by adding 20% of the initial volume of a solution of monosaccharides of an aqueous solution ammonium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 25%, glycine or β-alanine in an amount of 1% by weight of the initial glucose-fructose solution, heating the reaction mixture to 120°C, adding 1% by weight of the initial syrup of sodium sulfite monosaccharides, heating the contents of the reactor to 140° C, adding hot water at a temperature of 70-80°C to the solution in a volume constituting 20% of the initial volume of the glucose-fructose solution, with continuous stirring, followed by cooling the dye solution.