RU2795923C1 - Method of repairing the facade of a brick building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to repairing buildings, and can be used in restoring the performance of building facades. The method of repairing the facade of a brick building consists in eliminating the breaking sections of the facade and applying a plaster layer, including additives. A number of actions are sequentially performed, and all actions, except for the final one, are performed manually. At the same time, at the initial stage, the breaking parts of the brickwork are eliminated, then the breakages with a depth of more than half of the brickwork are treated with a deep penetration primer and plaster. After that, the facade is primed to prepare it for applying the preparatory material, then the preparatory material is applied with the following characteristics: density 500-540 kg/m³; vapor permeability 0.02-0.04 mg/m·h·Pa; thermal conductivity 0.001-0.0001 W/m°C; bending elasticity 1.4-2.0 mm; coating adhesion must withstand a force of separation no less than 1.12-2.0 MPa; with a specific gravity of 1 m³ no more than 500 kg. After that, the facade is primed, preparing it for applying the final protective coating and eliminating all facade defects, moreover, both the preparatory material and the final protective coating are enhanced with fungi and mould inhibitors and are applied 3 hours after priming under dry weather conditions, and in case of high humidity of more than 80% - after 24 hours. After that, the facade is sealed by applying a protective material under the pressure of a painting device, using a material with the following characteristics: Brookfield viscosity from 250,000 to 450,000 MPa; density 1.4-1.5 g/cm³; heat resistance from -50°C to +150°C; elasticity, specifically elongation, more than 250%; adhesion from 2-3 MPa. Moreover, when using a spray gun, the protective material is blown into four layers instantly one by one. The total weight of 1 m² of a surface 1 mm thick, consisting of layers of preparatory material and finishing protective material, is not more than 0.9 kg.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of repair work by instantly restoring the facade of a brick building and improving its performance to stop the breaking process with a guarantee.

7 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to the repair of buildings and can be used to restore the performance of building facades.

Over time, the facades of buildings lose their former beauty. At the same time, the facade performs not only a decorative function, it also protects the structure from the influence of external factors.

Brick buildings are warm, practical and durable buildings that have served people for many centuries. Brickwork perfectly protects from wind, cold, atmospheric phenomena and temperature changes.

Despite the strength and reliability, the brick facade still has to be repaired.

It is a well-known fact that since the 1990s and especially since the 2000s, the range of the building materials market has been rapidly expanding, while the quality in the production of brick products has deteriorated.

The appearance of low-quality brick products on the building materials market and the use in construction of often defective batches has become spontaneous. Marriage in the manufacture of bricks is associated both with the use of low-quality raw materials and with violations of the technology for processing raw materials, shaping, drying and firing bricks, its storage and transportation.

Underheating or overheating of the furnace, the use of incorrect proportions of clay-lime-water and many other violations of technology in the production of bricks leads to increased fragility, porosity (moisture absorption) of the brick.

Visual assessment allows you to detect the following damage:

- cracks on the surface of brickwork;

- destruction (friability in the form of microfractures;

- exfoliation of the facing surface;

- chips, potholes, including destruction of an open nature in the form of the absence of individual bricks;

- cracking and weathering of crumbled concrete mortar from interbrick joints;

- spots of moisture presence;

- efflorescence, namely salty white manifestations, which are formed on the surface as a result of a chemical reaction process: leaching of lime from the masonry concrete mortar between brick joints after a temperature drop from minus to plus;

- fungus, mold, moss.

As a rule, during repair work, several layers of plaster are applied to the facade in damaged areas, covering it with facade paint.

It is known that plaster is a moisture-receptive material, with minimal adhesion, very heavy (the specific gravity of 1 m ³ of dry plaster is more than 1.8 tons, and when rain moisture is perceived, it increases 1.5 times and reaches 3 tons).

When restoring the facade, on a brick damaged with chips, which has lost half of its mass, a heavy material with weak adhesive properties is hung, which is held almost under its own weight until rainfall and temperature changes from plus to minus and vice versa bring the situation before even greater destruction of the facade.

As a result, the brick facade is covered with plaster stains, and uncovered places continue to collapse. After one or two years, the plastered places again become covered with cracks and begin to collapse.

A known method of repairing brick walls, including the installation of screeds made of strip steel in the upper part of the wall from the outside of the house (see Malganov A.I. et al. "Restoration and strengthening of building structures of emergency and reconstructed buildings", TsNTI, Tomsk, 1990, sheet 130).

The disadvantage of this method is that with such work, there is a violation of the external appearance of the repaired object.

In cases where the object being repaired is subject to protection, such as an architectural monument, such a method of conducting repair and restoration work is unacceptable.

The durability of the operation of building structures and buildings largely depends on the waterproofing properties of the foundation and brickwork of the building. Over time, due to the influence of the external environment, the shelf life of materials or violations during construction, the waterproofing properties can be lost, then the process of moistening the foundation and brickwork of the building occurs, and the heat-insulating properties are violated.

The closest technical solution is the method of plaster waterproofing of surfaces, which consists in the preliminary modification of cement-sand mortars with improving additives of a mineral or organic nature (see patent RU 2081262, IPC E04B 1/62, 1997).

The disadvantages of this method are the low adhesion strength of the applied solution layer with the surface of the repaired structure, insufficient strength, water resistance and corrosion resistance of the restored layer.

Plaster waterproofing coatings modified with known improving additives do not provide sufficient crack resistance of surfaces, moreover, they are one of the factors in the appearance of efflorescence (white salt manifestations) on the brick facade.

The objective of the invention is to create a method for conducting repair and restoration work at the facility without violating its original appearance in the course of work.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of repair work by instantly restoring the facade of a brick building and improving its performance to stop the destruction process with a guarantee.

To achieve the specified technical result in the method of repairing the facade of a brick building, which consists in eliminating the destructive sections of the facade and applying a plaster layer, including additives, according to the invention, a number of actions are sequentially performed, and all actions, except for the final one, are performed manually, while at the initial stage, destructive parts of the brickwork, then the destruction is treated with a depth of more than half of the body of the brick with a deep penetration primer and plaster, after which the facade is primed, preparing it for applying the preparatory material, then the preparatory material is applied with the following characteristics: density 500-540 kg/m ³ ; vapor permeability 0.02-0.04 mg/m h Pa; thermal conductivity 0.001-0.0001 W / m ° C; elasticity in bending 1.4-2.0 mm; adhesion of the coating according to the force of separation from 1.12-2.0 MPa; with a specific gravity of 1 m ³ not more than 500 kg, after which the facade is primed, preparing it for applying the final protective coating and eliminating all facade defects, and both the preparatory material and the final protective coating have the addition of fungus and mold inhibitors and apply them after 3 hours after priming under dry weather conditions, and at high humidity of more than 80% - after 24 hours, after which the facade is sealed by applying a protective material under the pressure of a painting machine, using a material with the following characteristics: Brookfield viscosity from 250,000 to 450,000 MPa; density 1.4-1.5 g/cm ³ ; heat resistance from -50°С to +150°С; elasticity, namely elongation, more than 250%; adhesion from 2-3 MPa, and when using a spray gun, it is necessary to blow the protective material into four layers sequentially at the moment, while the total weight of 1 m ² of a surface 1 mm thick, consisting of layers of preparatory material and finishing protective material, is not more than 0, 9 kg.

The combination of the declared essential features in one technical solution allows you to simultaneously restore the facade of a brick building in the process of work, but to improve its performance, namely hermetic properties, cracking strength, resistance to weather phenomena, as well as an increase in thermal insulation properties, extending the use of the building for long term.

Multi-stage successive preparation of the surface of the facade using various methods can improve the quality of the result of repair work and, as a result, significantly increase the life of the building.

The application of a preparatory light elastic material with the characteristics indicated below on the surface of the facade allows, simultaneously with the restoration of the brick facade, to increase its performance, to prepare the brick surface for sealing with high quality, to give the surface antiseptic properties.

In fact, it is the latest substitute for plaster as a restorative repair of brick facades, but with significant advantages.

The following characteristics of said material were experimentally established: density 500-540 kg/m ³ ; vapor permeability 0.02-0.04 mg/m h Pa; thermal conductivity 0.001-0.0001 W / m ° C; elasticity in bending 1.4-2.0 mm; adhesion of the coating according to the force of separation from 1.12-2.0 MPa.

As can be seen from the characteristics, a super-light material with super-adhesion and containing inhibitors of fungus and mold, with vapor permeability, that is, a "breathable" material, as well as high thermal insulation properties, was used.

The use of light material with a specific gravity of not more than 1 m ³ \u003d 500-600 kg allows for damaged bricks with a weight of 2.0-3.7 kg not to carry any loads, and the fixing of the preparatory material on the surface of the brick is carried out not due to its own weight, but due to superadhesion (more than 1 point - the value from the specification).

These properties of the preparatory material make it possible to solve the main problem of filling all cracks, microcracks, chips and hollow spaces in brickwork, since, with the necessary fluidity, it is able to penetrate into any cracks, filling all kinds of cavities inside the damaged brickwork, and superadhesion allows you to create a full-bodied structure.

The preparatory material due to the specified elasticity (with a bend of more than 1.4 mm) does not allow cracks to reappear.

Any brick house has a foundation, and the foundation, according to the law of physics, has vibration tolerances. That is why sealing cracks in brick facades with hard materials (such as plaster, concrete glue, etc.) is unacceptable, since vibration of the foundation will sooner or later provoke repeated cracks on a hard surface, but not on an elastic one.

Also in the claimed method, at the final stage, a protective material is used to finish the surface of the facade.

The following characteristics of the material were experimentally established: a homogeneous liquid mass with a Brookfield viscosity of 250,000 to 450,000 MPa s on a water-soluble polymer base; density 1.4-1.5 g/cm ³ ; heat resistance from -50°С to +150°С; elasticity (relative elongation over 250%); adhesion from 2-3 MPa.

The main properties of the material after application and final structuring: hydrophobicity with a minimum vapor permeability of at least 0.01 mg/m h Pa; superadhesion; wear resistance and protection against UV radiation; homogeneity.

Like the preparatory material, the protective topcoat material has similar properties, but with some enhancements.

More powerful adhesion, same elasticity (elasticity must be the same with minimum tolerances) to avoid conflicting physical properties and the formation of cracking defects.

Also, the finishing protective material contains inhibitors of fungus and mold (silver ions), the material is light with a specific gravity of the structured material 1 m ³ = 900-1100 kg, depending on the method of application.

The main task of the protective material for the finishing coating is 100% sealing of the facade from moisture ingress into the brickwork.

After application and final structuring of the specified material, moisture in the form of rain and other precipitation cannot get inside the brickwork, and the minimum vapor permeability eliminates the condensate formed as a result of the formation of the “dew point” effect.

Thus, the main source of destructive processes in brick facades - the constant presence of moisture - has been eliminated.

Due to the lack of moisture, the brickwork dries well, the fungus will not multiply, and the residual will be destroyed by the fungus and mold inhibitors contained in the materials.

Outside, the brick facade will retain the textural shape of the brickwork, the color due to tinting is as close as possible to the native color of the brick.

The application of a protective finish coat using a high pressure spray gun, which is used according to the specific technique described below, produces a uniform layer of minimum thickness, approximately 1.0 mm - 2.0 mm.

Thus, due to these specified elements of the method, the service life of the building after repair increases.

From the foregoing, it follows that the introduced distinctive features affect the specified technical result, are in a causal relationship with it.

The method is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are photographs of the facade of Object 1 before repair with damage;

- in Fig. 4 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1 with the result of the work carried out on troubleshooting, repulsing the destructive parts of the brick;

- in Fig. 5 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1 as a result of the work on the priming of the facade surface;

- in Fig. 6 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1 with the result of the work carried out on plastering places with deep destruction;

- in Fig. 7 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1 with the result of the work carried out on the application of the preparatory material Acterm Facade, it can be seen that the application was carried out 100%;

- in Fig. 8 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1 with the result of the work carried out on applying the finishing protective material Aktorm Kristall for tinted in a color as close as possible to the color of the main facade, Object 1 was handed over and accepted by the customer;

- in Fig. Figure 9 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 1, a near frame of the facade’s readiness, you can see how the finishing material completely covers, as if “enveloping” all the bricks, and it is important that all the inter-brick seams are painted over and there are no material failures, thus creating 100% tightness from moisture ingress masonry brick facade and aesthetically beautiful view;

- in Fig. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are photographs of the facade of Object 2 before repair with damage;

- in Fig. 16 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the process of troubleshooting the facade surface of the mezzanine superstructure;

- in Fig. 17 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the result of the work carried out on troubleshooting, repulsing the destructive parts of the brick;

- in Fig. 18 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the process of installing the facade aerator, the result of drilling five holes;

- in Fig. 19 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the process of installing the facade aerator, the result of installation and sealing of joints with the facade;

- in Fig. 20 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the result of the installation of the facade aerator and painting the surface in the color of the facade;

- in Fig. 21 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the result of the work carried out on plastering places with deep destruction;

- in Fig. 22 shows a photograph of the facade of Object 2 with the process of applying the preparatory material;

- in Fig. 23, 24 and 25 are photographs of the facade of Object 2 with the result of the work carried out on the application of the Akterm Facade preparatory material, it can be seen that the application was carried out 100%;

- in Fig. 26, 27 and 28 are photographs of the facade of Object 2 with the result of the work carried out on applying the finishing protective material Akterm Kristall tinted in a color as close as possible to the color of the main facade, Object 2 was handed over and accepted by the customer.

The method is carried out as follows.

The method includes several stages of the production process.

First stage. Brick Troubleshooting

The destructive layer is removed manually using hammers. At the same time, each brick is tapped. If there is already a crack in the brick, then it is recognized by the sound of a light hammer blow. Anything that breaks easily should be removed.

The main task of this stage: to eliminate all the destructive parts of the brickwork.

Second phase. Restoration of deep destruction of the brickwork of the facade

First, destruction with a depth of more than half of the brick body is primed with a deep penetration primer manually using brushes or with a spray gun for subsequent plastering.

Third stage

After that, also manually using a trowel for plaster, plaster is thrown into places of deep destruction of the brickwork.

The main features in the application of plaster include: plaster is used only for casting deep damage, with the obligatory condition that the entire surface of the applied plaster will be subsequently treated with a preparatory material and a finishing layer, the description of which is presented below.

This stage also includes the elimination of serious damage to the facade, if any, with the use of additional reinforcement, chemical anchoring or work to replace brickwork and other work that requires additional approval from government authorities.

The main task of these two stages is to eliminate all deep destruction of brickwork.

Facade aerators are installed on the upper sections of the facades of brick buildings with a flat roof, which do not have a ventilated gap or vents to remove condensate.

Installation of facade aerators is carried out from the outside of the facade along a horizontal reference point - under the floor slab of the main roof of the building.

Installation of the facade aerator is carried out as follows.

4-5 holes are drilled with a drill in the places of inter-brick seams of brickwork to a depth of 25.0-35.0 cm with an upward slope of 20 degrees, while the bricks themselves remain undamaged.

Next, an aerator is mounted on top using roofing screws. It is a lightweight plastic piece with an air vent and a foam filter.

The joints of the facade with the aerator are sealed, the surface is painted over with a finishing layer in the color of the facade.

The main task of this stage is to remove excess moisture in the form of condensate, which can enter the brick facade through a leaky roof parapet, leaky junctions of a soft roof to the parapet, or flow down the roof slope of the floor slab.

It is allowed to install aerators immediately after the 1st stage of troubleshooting, provided that the surface of the brick facade is flat with minor surface damage.

If the damage to the facade is deep and the surface of the facade wall does not have a uniform plane, then the aerators must be installed after the 5th stage of applying the preparatory material.

Fourth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for the application of preparatory material

A deep penetration primer is necessary so that, at the next stage, the preparatory elastic material can easily penetrate into all kinds of cracks, microcracks, chips, damage with cavities and voids inside the masonry, filling the spaces and structuring.

At the same time, the priming of the facade is carried out manually using brushes or with a spray gun or using a high-pressure paint apparatus (depending on the application area), preparing the surface for the next stage of repair, namely for applying preparatory light elastic material to it.

When performing the priming process, it is necessary to carefully prime all surfaces, especially corner joints and other architectural protrusions, since a single application from the device may leave unprimed areas.

The next stage of the production process is carried out only 3 hours after the priming of the brick facade in dry weather, and at high humidity of more than 80% - after 24 hours.

Material consumption is 0.1-0.25 l/m ² , depending on the porosity of the surface and application method.

The main task of this stage is to prepare the surface of the facade for the application of a preparatory light elastic material.

Fifth stage. Application of preparatory material

The application of a preparatory material with certain characteristics indicated below is carried out manually using wide brushes or hardware application and a rubber spatula.

Surface preparation is the most important step in sealing and restoring a brick facade.

The experiments established the main characteristics that the material used at this stage should have: pasty white (the base color is white, can be tinted in any color) on a water-soluble basis; density 500-540 kg/ ^m3 ; vapor permeability 0.02-0.04 mg/m h Pa; thermal conductivity 0.001-0.0001 W / m ° C; elasticity in bending 1.4-2.0 mm; adhesion of the coating according to the force of separation from 1.12-2.0 MPa.

Also, an increase in the thermal insulation properties of the facade is achieved (due to the presence of ceramic balls in the preparatory material), the destruction of fungus and mold - due to the correct application and content of silver ions in the preparatory material (as an inhibitor of fungus and mold).

Material consumption per 1 m ² = from 0.75-1.5 l at 100% application, consumption per 1 m ² = from 0.3-0.65 l at 50% application according to indications.

Specific gravity (structured material) 1 m ³ \u003d 450-550 kg, depending on the composition.

The key function of the preparatory material is to prepare and restore, in some cases, improve the original quality characteristics of the brick facade during construction, to prepare the surface for applying the final protective coating.

When applying the preparatory material, a minimal layer is applied to the minimally damaged surface of the bricks, a thicker layer is applied to the more damaged surface, and as much preparatory material as necessary to achieve a deepening of the interbrick joint relative to the brickwork, as in many SNIPs by 1.0- 2.0 mm.

The application of the preparatory material is carried out as follows.

To begin with, with a brush (100.0-200.0 mm) of medium hardness, the preparatory material is manually applied to approximately 1 m ² of the surface in a thick layer.

The application is carried out on a dry primed brick surface at an air temperature of more than +5°C.

Then, with a wide rubber spatula (width 200.0-400.0 mm), the excess of the applied material is removed on a tear.

Filling of all cracks, microcracks, chips, empty spaces, all kinds of voids in brickwork allows, due to superadhesion, elasticity and correct application of the material, to create the impossibility of recurrence of cracks.

After that, again with a brush (100.0-200.0 mm) without pressure, the depth of the inter-brick joint is formed to the prescribed 1.0-2.0 mm relative to the brickwork, and a minimum layer of preparatory material is left on the surface of the bricks.

The main objective of this stage is to improve the performance of the facade.

Sixth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for applying the final protective coating

The facade is primed manually using brushes or a spray gun, or using a high-pressure paint sprayer (depending on the application area) for subsequent application of a final protective coating for 100% sealing.

The primer is used to create a surface film layer, which is necessary so that the subsequent material has time to finally structure (dry) precisely on the surface of the brick facade without falling into the previous coating layer.

The main features when priming before applying the final protective coating are: be sure to prime all working areas of the facade; using a surface tension primer.

The next preparatory layer is applied only 3 hours after priming in dry weather, at high humidity of more than 80% - after 24 hours.

Consumption is 0.1-0.25 l/m ² , depending on the porosity of the surface and the method of application.

The main task of this stage is to prepare the surface of the facade for applying the final protective coating.

Seventh stage. Application of the final protective coating

The final protective coating is applied for 100% sealing of the brick facade.

Experiments have established the main characteristics that the material used at this stage should have: a homogeneous liquid mass with a Brookfield viscosity of 250,000 to 450,000 MPa s on a water-soluble polymer base; density 1.4-1.5 g/cm ³ ; heat resistance from -50°С to +150°С; elasticity (relative elongation over 250%); adhesion from 2-3 MPa.

The main properties of the material after application and final structuring: hydrophobicity with a minimum vapor permeability of at least 0.01 mg/m h Pa; superadhesion; wear resistance and protection against UV radiation; homogeneity.

On a brick surface, the material looks smooth and aesthetically beautiful.

The application is carried out using a high-pressure spray gun, using a 427 nozzle (“4” - 40 ° spray angle; “27” - nozzle outlet size) and a pressure of 150-200 Bar (depending on the length of the hose).

This allows you to get a uniform layer of at least 1.0 mm. It is impossible to achieve the quality of uniform application of a layer with a thickness of at least 1 mm using brushes or spatulas using a material with the declared characteristics.

Since the main task when applying the finish coat is to create a uniform 100% covering layer with a thickness of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, so that the surface is smooth without sagging, the following rules should be observed.

When using a paint sprayer, it is necessary to blow the protective material in 4 passes or four layers in succession at a time.

1st - by moving the sprayer from top to bottom or from side to side (either from right to left or left to right), apply the smallest possible layer (light spray).

2nd - by moving the atomizer from top to bottom or from side to side (depending on the choice of movement of the 1st pass, each subsequent pass along the movement of the atomizer must be perpendicular to the previous one) - the layer is blown as much as possible so that there are no sagging (layering at excess supply of material - visually similar to the formation of a "wave").

3rd - the layer is blown with less intensity than the second one, in parallel leveling the unevenness of the layer surface.

4th - the minimum layer necessary for the final leveling of the layer surface is blown.

With the correct use of this technology, correct application at an air temperature of at least +5°C - and no more than +45°C on a prepared brick surface, the finally structured material has the following properties: superadhesion - from 2-3 MPa; superelasticity - tensile strength (more than 300%); 100% surface sealing, with a minimum vapor permeability (not less than 0.01 mg / m h Pa) is able to release condensate, breathable; resistant to UV radiation, precipitation, frost, temperature extremes, winds.

Consumption when applied with a layer of 1 mm on a brick surface is 1 m ² \u003d 1-1.3 l.

In this case, the total weight of 1 m ² of a surface 1 mm thick, consisting of layers of preparatory material and finishing protective material, is 0.5-0.9 kg, depending on the structure of the facade surface.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

An example of the industrial applicability of the claimed solution is Object 1, namely, the house at St. Petersburg, st. Ho Chi Minh City 12

Works on restoration repair and sealing of the brick facade have been carried out.

Object 1 - brick surface of 2 mezzanine superstructures on the roof with a total working front area - 132 m ² . The brick façade consists of standard red ceramic façade bricks.

Two points can be distinguished from the terms of reference from the customer: stop the destructive process of the brick facade and restore the appearance of the brickwork to the “like new” state.

Before starting work, the facade of the object was examined and the following defects were identified:

1. Approximately 10-15% of the facade surface has open damage, which is a direct source of moisture penetration into the brickwork (see photo 1 in fig. 1, photo 2 in fig. 2).

2. At Object 1, approximately 10% of the surface of the brick facade has fungal deposits (in the form of dark spots), which indicates the constant presence of moisture in the brickwork (see photo 1 in fig. 1, photo 3 in fig. 3).

3. Approximately 20% of the surface of the brick facade, along the body, the bricks have through cracks and chips (see photo 3 in fig. 3).

4. Approximately 50% of the surface of the brick facade has a hollow, that is, the absence of concrete mortar in the inter-brick joints at different depths of 0.5 cm or more (see photo 2 in Fig. 2, photo 3 in Fig. 3).

All of the above defects are either a consequence or cause of the destructive effects of the constant presence of moisture inside the brickwork.

First stage. Brick Troubleshooting

Repair work according to the claimed method at Object 1 began with the troubleshooting of the entire facade surface, that is, the removal of all destructive parts of the brickwork. Hammers with a wooden handle were used for beating.

The result of these works is shown in photo 4 in Fig. 4.

Removed all destructive parts of the brickwork.

Second phase. Restoration of deep destruction of the brickwork of the facade

Deep destruction of bricks, such as those shown in photo 3 in Fig. 3, primed with a deep penetration primer Concrete contact primer Eskaro Aquastop by hand using brushes for subsequent plastering (consumption was 0.5 kg/m ² ).

The result of priming is shown in photo 5.

Third stage

The places of deep destruction of the brickwork of the facade were plastered with plaster. Cement plaster Weber.vetonit ТТ40 25 kg - manually using a plaster trowel.

The average consumption of plaster for filling the places of deep destruction at the Object 1 was approximately 5.5 kg of mortar per 1 m ² , and the footage was 36 m ² .

The result of plastering is shown in photo 6 in Fig. 6.

Eliminated all deep destruction of brickwork.

Fourth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for the application of preparatory material

The entire facade was primed using a spray gun at Facility 1 for the subsequent application of a preparatory light elastic material. A sterol-acrylic concentrate diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5 was used as a primer. The total average consumption of this primer for Object 1 was 0.17 l/m ² , and for the entire footage of 132 m ² it took 22.5 l.

Thus, the surface of the facade is prepared for the application of a preparatory light elastic material.

Fifth stage. Application of preparatory material

The application of the preparatory material was carried out with an elastic lightweight material Aktorm Facade. Since Actorm Facade fully meets the stated requirements for the material for this stage.

Aktorm Facade is elastic, has good vapor permeability, and does not create a "greenhouse effect"; Actorm facade can be tinted in any color; Aktorm facade is durable and has heat-saving properties, completely destroys the fungus - as it contains fungus and mold inhibitors.

Since the brickwork at Site 1 was severely damaged and very moisture susceptible, 100% application was made with mold and mildew content. That is, all voids, cracks, hollows, as well as the entire facing surface of bricks were filled with material.

At this stage, the wasteland was completely eliminated and the inter-brick joints were deepened by the prescribed 1-2 mm relative to the brickwork, the cracks were filled with an elastic material, and the fungus was destroyed by the inhibitors contained in the material.

The consumption of Akterm Facade material was 0.82 l / m ² , and in total it was spent on 132 m ² - 109 liters.

The result of applying the preparatory material is shown in photo 7 in Fig. 7.

At this stage, the performance characteristics of the brick facade are significantly increased.

Sixth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for applying the final protective coating

The entire facade was primed using a spray gun at Object 1 for the subsequent application of the finishing material. As a primer, sterol-acrylic with a high content of latex (to create a surface film layer), a concentrate diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5, was used. The consumption of this primer was 0.17 l / m ² and for the entire footage of 132 m ² - 22.5 l.

At this stage, the surface of the facade is prepared for applying the final protective coating.

Seventh stage. Application of the final protective coating

The final protective coating for 100% sealing of the brick facade was applied with a material from the same manufacturer - Aktorm Kristall.

Aktorm Crystal is a material that, when applied, completely seals the entire surface of the facade. Aktorm Kristall - resistant to temperatures -50°С +120°С, completely protects against standing water and wind, wear-resistant with UV protection, has minimal vapor permeability, can be tinted in any color according to RAL.

Acterm Crystal - has strong adhesion and, when properly applied on a brick surface using a new technology, has an aesthetically beautiful appearance.

Before application, the material Akterm Crystal was tinted with tinting paste (from the manufacturer Cromshade) to match the color as close as possible to the native color of the brick facade of Object 1.

Application on Object 1 was done using a Graco Mark X high pressure spray gun using a 427 nozzle and pressures ranging from 150-200 Bar.

The consumption of Aktorm Crystal material on the prepared surface was 1.2 l / m ² , and for the entire footage of 132 m ² it took 159 liters.

When using a paint sprayer, the protective material was blown in 4 passes or four layers sequentially at the moment.

1st - by moving the sprayer from top to bottom or from side to side (any or right-to-left or left-to-right), the smallest possible layer was applied (light spraying).

2nd - by moving the atomizer from top to bottom or from side to side (depending on the choice of movement of the 1st pass, each subsequent pass along the movement of the atomizer must be perpendicular to the previous one) - the layer is blown as much as possible so that no sagging appears (layering at excess supply of material - visually similar to the formation of a "wave").

3rd - the layer is blown with less intensity than the second one, in parallel leveling the unevenness of the layer surface.

4th - the minimum layer necessary for the final leveling of the layer surface is blown.

After application and final structuring of the material, moisture in the form of rain and other precipitation no longer gets inside the brickwork, and the minimum vapor permeability of the finishing material allows the condensate resulting from the “dew point” effect to be eliminated.

Thus, the main source of destructive processes in the brick facade of Object 1, namely the constant presence of moisture, was eliminated.

Due to the lack of moisture, the brickwork dried out, and the residual fungus and mold were destroyed. Outside, the brick façade has retained the textural form of the brickwork.

The result of applying the finishing layer is shown in photo 8 in Fig. 8, photo 9 in Fig. 9.

Repair work at Object 1 was carried out from April to June inclusive during the warm season, when the temperature did not fall below +5 degrees.

Example 2

An example of a specific application of the claimed solution is Object 2, namely, the house at St. Petersburg, Marshal Zhukov Ave., 36, building 1, lit. A.

Works on restoration repair and sealing of the brick facade have been carried out.

Object 2 - brick facade surface of the 5th and 6th sections, which included the facade surface of the technical floor, the last 2 residential floors and the last two floors and the 2nd mezzanine superstructure on the roof - the total working facade area is 1739 m ² . The brick facade consists of ceramic bricks and additional engagement of the facing surface with the addition of light pigment.

Two points can be distinguished from the terms of reference from the customer: stop the destructive process of the brick facade and restore the appearance of the brickwork to the “like new” state.

Before starting work, the facade of the object was examined and the following defects were identified:

1. Approximately 10-15% of the surface of the brick facade at Site 2 has open damage (see photo 10 in fig. 10, see photo 11 in fig. 11).

2. At Object 2, approximately 30% of the surface of the brick facade is missing a protective layer of engagement (see photo 12 in fig. 12, see photo 13 in fig. 13, photo 14 in fig. 14, see photo 15 in fig. 15) .

3. Approximately 50% of the surface of the brick facade has a hollow, that is, the absence of concrete mortar in the inter-brick joints at different depths of 0.5 cm or more (see photo 13 in fig. 13, photo 14 in fig. 14, see photo 15 in Fig. 15).

4. There are efflorescences on the brick facade of Object 2, that is, salty white manifestations (see photo 14 in fig. 14).

5. There are fungal deposits on the brick facade of Object 2 (in the form of dark spots, moss), which indicates the constant presence of moisture in the brickwork (see photo 10 in fig. 10)

All of the above defects are either a consequence or cause of the destructive effects of the constant presence of moisture inside the brickwork.

First stage. Brick Troubleshooting

Repair work according to the claimed method at Object 2 began with the troubleshooting of the entire facade surface, that is, the removal of all destructive parts of the brickwork. Hammers with a wooden handle were used for beating.

The process of carrying out work on troubleshooting the facade surface is shown in photo 16 in Fig. 16.

The result of these works is shown in photo 17 in Fig. 17.

Removed all destructive parts of the brickwork.

After troubleshooting, the installation of facade aerators was also carried out.

The 14th drill drilled 5 holes in the places of the inter-brick joints of the brickwork to a depth of 30.0 cm with an upward slope of 20 degrees (photo 18 in Fig. 18), an aerator with dimensions of 420 × 300 × 60 mm was mounted on top using roofing screws and weighing 0.28 kg (photo 19 in Fig. 19).

The result of these works is shown in photo 20 in Fig. 20.

In total, 10 facade aerators were installed at Object 2.

Second phase. Restoration of deep destruction of the brickwork of the facade

Deep destruction of bricks was primed with a deep penetration primer Concrete contact primer Eskaro Aquastop by hand using brushes for subsequent plastering. The consumption turned out to be 0.46 kg / m ² , and for the entire footage of 69 m ² it took 32 kg.

Third stage

Plastering of places of deep destruction of the brickwork of the facade with plaster. Cement plaster Weber.vetonit ТТ40 25 kg - manually using a plaster trowel.

The average consumption of plaster for filling the places of deep destruction at Object 2 was approximately 4.3 kg of mortar per 1 m, and the footage was 69 m ² .

An example of the result of plastering is shown in photo 21 in Fig. 21.

Eliminated all deep destruction of brickwork.

Fourth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for the application of preparatory material

Priming of the entire façade using a high-pressure spray gun (using a Graco Mark X) on Site 2, followed by the application of a preparatory light elastic material. As a primer, a sterol-acrylic concentrate diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5 was used. The total average consumption of this primer for both objects was 0.17 l / m ² , and for the entire footage of 1739 m ² - 296 l.

Thus, the surface of the facade is prepared for the application of a preparatory light elastic material.

Fifth stage. Application of preparatory material

The preparatory elastic light material was applied with Aktorm Facade material. Since Actorm Facade fully meets the stated requirements for the material for this stage.

At Site 2, the brickwork was severely damaged and was highly susceptible to moisture, containing fungus and mold. It was also taken into account that Object 2 is a high-rise building (5th, 6th sections - 16 floors) and the upper part is constantly exposed to wind and rain loads, therefore, in the complex of the described factors, it was decided to apply 100%. That is, all voids, cracks, hollows, as well as the entire facing surface of bricks were filled with material.

The material was applied to Object 2 using brushes and spatulas, as shown in photo 22 in FIG. 22.

By applying the preparatory material Acterm Fasad on the surface of the brick facade, the hollow was completely eliminated and the inter-brick seams were deepened by the prescribed 1-2 mm relative to the brickwork, the cracks were filled with an elastic material, and the fungus was destroyed by the inhibitors contained in the material.

The consumption of Akterm Facade material was 0.76 l / m ² , and for the entire footage of 1739 m ² it took 1320 liters.

The result of these works is shown in photo 23 in Fig. 23, photo 24 in Fig. 24 and photo 25 in Fig. 25.

At this stage, the performance characteristics of the brick facade are significantly increased.

Sixth stage. Priming of the facade in preparation for applying the final protective coating

The entire façade was primed using a high-pressure spray gun (Graco Mark X was used) at Site 2 for the subsequent application of the finishing material. Sterol-acrylic with a high content of latex (to create a surface film layer) concentrate diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5 was used as a primer. The total average consumption of this primer for Object ² was 0.17 l/m 1739 m ² - gone - 296 liters.

At this stage, the surface of the facade is prepared for applying the final protective coating.

Seventh stage. Application of the final protective coating

The final protective coating for 100% sealing of the brick facade was applied with a material from the same manufacturer - Aktorm Kristall. Before application, the material Akterm Crystal was tinted with tinting paste (from the manufacturer Cromshade) to match the color as close as possible to the native color of the brick facade of Object 2.

Application on Object 2 was carried out using a Graco Mark X high pressure spray gun using a 427 nozzle and a pressure of 150-200 Bar. The consumption of Aktorm Crystal material on the prepared surface was 1.2 l / m ² , and for the entire footage of 1739 m ² it took 2087 liters.

When using a paint sprayer, the protective material was blown in 4 passes or four layers sequentially at the moment.

The result of applying the finishing layer is shown in photo 26 in Fig. 26, photo 27 in Fig. 27 and photo 28 in Fig. 28.

Repair work at Object 2 was carried out from April to June inclusive during the warm season, when the temperature did not drop below +5 degrees.

Claims (7)

1. A method of repairing the facade of a brick building, which consists in eliminating the destructive sections of the facade and applying a plaster layer, including additives, characterized in that a series of actions are sequentially performed, and all actions, except for the final one, are performed manually, while at the initial stage, the destructive parts of the brick masonry, then the destruction of a depth of more than half of the body of the brick is treated with a deep penetration primer and plaster, after which the facade is primed, preparing it for applying the preparatory material, then the preparatory material is applied with the following characteristics: density 500-540 kg / m ³ ; vapor permeability 0.02-0.04 mg/m⋅h Pa; thermal conductivity 0.001-0.0001 W / m ° C; elasticity in bending 1.4-2.0 mm; adhesion of the coating according to the force of separation from 1.12-2.0 MPa; with a specific gravity of 1 m ³ not more than 500 kg, after which the facade is primed, preparing it for applying the final protective coating and eliminating all facade defects, and both the preparatory material and the final protective coating have the addition of fungus and mold inhibitors and apply them after 3 hours after priming in dry weather, and at high humidity of more than 80% - after 24 hours, after which the facade is sealed by applying a finishing protective material under the pressure of a paint sprayer, using a material with the following characteristics: Brookfield viscosity from 250,000 to 450,000 MPa; density 1.4-1.5 g/cm ³ ; heat resistance from -50°С to +150°С; elasticity, namely elongation, more than 250%; adhesion from 2-3 MPa, and when using a spray gun, the finishing protective material is blown into four layers sequentially at the moment, while the total weight of 1 m ² of a surface 1 mm thick, consisting of layers of preparatory material and finishing protective material, is not more than 0, 9 kg. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that silver ions and microspheres are used as fungus and mold inhibitors. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the 1st layer of the finishing protective material is applied by moving the sprayer from top to bottom or from side to side. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the 2nd layer of the finishing protective material is applied by moving the sprayer from top to bottom or from side to side, depending on the choice of movement of the 1st pass, each subsequent pass along the movement of the sprayer must be perpendicular to the previous one. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the 3rd layer of the finishing protective material is blown out with less intensity than the second, parallelly leveling the unevenness of the layer surface. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the 4th layer of the finishing protective material is blown to final level the surface of the layer. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the upper sections of the facades of brick buildings with a flat roof, which do not have a ventilated gap or vents for condensate removal, facade aerators are installed.

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