RU2795638C1 - Earth-moving tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: development of soil.

SUBSTANCE: : devices for the development of soil in tight conditions. Earth-moving working body contains a wall attached to the handle of the excavator, two bits rigidly fixed on the lower edge of the wall at an equal distance from its side edges and from each other, a pendulum gripper movably mounted on hinges fixedly attached to the lower part of the wall, a cutting edge, rigidly fixed on the wall under the hinges, two flexible links attached to the side ribs of the wall and to the upper part of the pendulum grip. The wall is made with the possibility of interaction with the guide piles buried along the outer surface of the underground structure.

EFFECT: simplification of the design of the working body and an increase in the safety of excavation in tight conditions.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of devices for the development of soil in cramped conditions.

Currently, one of the most acute problems that arise in the construction of capital construction projects, especially in large metropolitan areas, is the high density of underground structures, including pipelines for various purposes. Under such conditions, excavation work using traditional technologies, earth-moving equipment, materials and equipment is associated with high risks of damage to underground structures. First of all, this applies to existing pipelines located at a horizontal distance (in the light) from adjacent buildings and structures, which does not allow excavation both mechanically using known industrial models of the working bodies of the excavator, and manually at a depth of more than 1, 0 m from the ground.

When considering the technical literature most closely related to this issue, the following series of technical solutions were identified.

A device for forming a trench is known, containing a working body, a trolley, skis, a guide template, moreover, the skis are pivotally connected by means of a lever mechanism and a torsion shaft with a support device that interacts with the guide template, and the lever mechanism is made in the form of two-arm levers, one end of which is pivotally connected with skis, and the other - through rods and earrings with a torsion shaft (patent for invention SU 257353, class E02F3 / 50, publ. 11/11/1969, bull. No. 35).

The main disadvantage of this device are: the complexity of the design associated with a large number of structural elements used in it, which entails a high cost of manufacturing a device for forming a trench;

the need for preliminary excavation of soil in the trench to install a guide template on its bottom, which significantly limits the possibility of using this device in cramped conditions due to the high probability of damage to closely located underground structures.

A milling device and a method for excavating soil are known, comprising a frame (22), at least two disk cutters mounted on the frame with the possibility of drive rotation around parallel axes of rotation, and an adjusting device by means of which the distance between the rotation axes of the disk cutters can be adjusted, moreover the adjusting device comprises a crank mechanism and at least one hydraulic cylinder for driving the crank mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder being located on the frame essentially in the middle between two axes of rotation of the disk cutters, each of which is mounted on the base sheet, and both support sheets are installed on the frame with the possibility of rotation, and the toggle mechanism contains two levers, hinged on one side to the central hydraulic cylinder with the other side to one of the two support sheets, and the frame contains guide elements for guiding it into the slots in the ground, and the disk cutters are made with the possibility of adjusting the position by means of an adjusting device in such a way that in the retracted position they are spaced inwardly from the guide elements, and in the extended position they protrude laterally beyond the guide elements, moreover, the support sheets in the retracted position and in the extended position form a V-shaped configuration, moreover in the retracted position of the disk cutters, the axes of rotation of the support sheets on the frame are separated from each other by a distance that is less than the distance between the axes of rotation of the disk cutters, and the frame is provided with at least one guide block for hanging onto the carrying rope, and a power device is provided, by means of which the guide block can move relative to the frame in the feed direction of the milling device, while the power device contains a power hydraulic cylinder located on the frame, in particular in the middle of the frame, moreover, a carrier device is provided on which the carrier rope is hung, and a holding frame is additionally provided, and the carrier the rope is connected to the holding frame so that, at least when the milling device is withdrawn, part of the traction force is transmitted through the holding frame to the ground, each disc cutter is made as a pair of separate disc cutters that are located on either side of the corresponding support plate, moreover, the disk cutters and the toggle mechanism are made and arranged mirror-symmetrically (patent for invention RU 2310725, class E02F 5/08, E02F 5/20, publ. November 20, 2007, bul. No. 32).

The disadvantages of this milling device are:

design complexity associated with a large number of structural elements used in it, which entails a high cost of manufacturing a milling device;

the absence of a guide element, which excludes the possibility of uncontrolled contact of disc cutters in the process of excavation in cramped conditions on closely spaced underground structures and, as a result, damage to them.

Closest to the claimed invention is an excavator comprising a body, a guide supported by the body, a head slidable along the guide, a first head rod assembly designed to lift or rotate the head, a rod clamp mounted at the front end of the guide and designed to clamping the second rod buried in the ground, the position lock, made with the possibility of sliding along the guide by means of the head and designed to fix the position of the first rod when assembling the first rod and the second rod, and the position lock contains a base mounted on the guide with the possibility of sliding, a support plate, installed on one side of the base and having a support groove on its upper surface, so that the first rod is maintained in a predetermined position, as well as a locking device installed on one side of the base and designed to lift the base through interaction when the head is raised (patent for invention RU 2439275 , cl. E21B 7/00, E02F 5/20, publ. 01/10/2012, bul. No. 1).

The disadvantages of this excavator are:

design complexity associated with a large number of structural elements used in it, which entails a high cost of manufacturing an excavator;

the need to place the excavator body near the excavation being worked out, which, when excavating, especially on unstable soils, can lead to uncontrolled soil collapses.

The problem solved in the invention is to eliminate these shortcomings by using an earth working body that makes it possible to perform excavation in cramped conditions, with the exception of the possibility of mechanical damage to closely spaced underground structures.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design of the earth working body and to improve the safety of excavation in cramped conditions.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is also achieved as a result of the fact that, according to the invention, the earth-moving working body for excavation contains a rear wall attached to the handle of the excavator, two crowns rigidly fixed on the lower edge of the rear wall at an equal distance from its side edges and from each other, a pendulum grip movably mounted on hinges fixedly attached to the lower part of the rear wall, a cutting edge rigidly fixed on the rear wall under the hinges, two flexible links attached to the side ribs of the rear wall and to the upper part of the pendulum grip, at least at least two guide piles buried on a common vertical plane along the outer surface of the underground structure with the possibility of moving along their outer surfaces of the back wall. The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-4.

In FIG. 1 shows an earth-moving working body, general view.

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the deepening of the earth-moving working body, a cross-sectional view in the phase of its deepening (position I).

In FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of excavation by an earthmoving working body, a cross-sectional view in the phase of its rise (position II).

In FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of excavation by an earthmoving tool, a cross-sectional view in the phase of soil dumping (item III).

In FIG. 1-4 the following designations are applied:

1 - excavator;

2 - handle;

3 - back wall;

4 - pendulum grip;

5 - cutting edge;

6 - crown;

7 - flexible connection;

8 - loop;

9 - guide pile.

Earthmoving working body works as follows.

When mounting the earth-moving working body on the lower edge of its rear wall 3 at an equal distance from its side ribs and from each other, two crowns 6 are rigidly fixed, to the lower part of the rear wall 3, on its side edges, two loops 8 are fixedly attached with a pendulum capture. In the lower part of the rear wall 3, under the hinges 8, the cutting edge 5 is rigidly fixed. To the lower part of the rear wall 3, on its side edges, two loops 8 are fixedly attached with a pendulum grip 4 installed in them. To the side ribs of the rear wall 3 and to the upper part of the pendulum grip 4 is attached to two flexible links 7. The upper part of the rear wall 3 is fixed to the handle 2 of the excavator 1.

To prevent damage to the underground structure during excavation along its outer surface on a common vertical plane, at least two guide piles 9 are buried to a depth at which their lower ends are below the lower mark of the underground structure. The earth-moving working body is installed with its rear wall 3 adjacent to the guide piles 9 and deepened to the required depth. When lifting the earth-moving working body, the pendulum grip 4, under the influence of the soil, inclines relative to the rear wall 3 by an amount limited by the length of the flexible links 7, and pushes the soil above it up. After raising the working body, it is tilted towards the location of the blade and the soil is dumped from the pendulum grip 4.

Thus, as a result of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, it is possible to carry out excavation in cramped conditions, with the exception of the possibility of mechanical damage to closely located underground structures, simplify the design of the earth working body and increase the safety of excavation in cramped conditions.

Claims (1)

An earth-moving working body, containing a wall attached to the excavator handle, two crowns rigidly fixed on the lower edge of the wall at an equal distance from its side edges and from each other, a pendulum gripper movably mounted on hinges fixedly attached to the lower part of the wall, a cutting edge, rigidly fixed on the wall under the hinges, two flexible ties attached to the side ribs of the wall and to the upper part of the pendulum grip, while the wall is configured to interact with the guide piles buried along the outer surface of the underground structure.

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