RU2794930C1 - Vacuum dust cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy

SUBSTANCE: self-propelled industrial machines for vacuum cleaning of dry spills and fine dust in electrolysis cells for the production of aluminum by the electrolytic method, workshops, warehouses, other production sites, as well as the roadway. Vacuum dust cleaner consists of (1) a vacuum hopper (2) with filters for air purification (11) with a quick cleaning system, a vacuum pump (6) pneumatically connected through a vacuum hopper (2) with the main vacuum nozzle (4) and at least one additional nozzle (5), all of them placed on a self-propelled wheeled chassis. The vacuum hopper (2) contains an additional pipeline (15) on the clean side of the filters (10) with a built-in valve (16), driven by a hydraulic cylinder (21), activated by a hydraulic distributor (31) from the control system, providing the quick filter cleaning system with periodic cleaning of the filters (11) blowing them back with air from the atmosphere due to the vacuum in the hopper (2), by connecting the hopper (2) to the atmosphere.

EFFECT: simplification of the design and the expansion of performance indicators to enable the operation of the machine in electrolysis housings to involve spills of raw materials in the recycling.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, and in particular to industrial self-propelled machines for vacuum cleaning of dry spills and fine dust in electrolysis housings for the production of aluminum by the electrolytic method, workshops, warehouses, other production sites, as well as the roadway.

State of the art

In the prior art, a vacuum dust-collector is known according to the Chinese patent CN201775592, which consists of a vacuum hopper placed on a self-propelled chassis with filters for air purification with a quick cleaning system, a vacuum pump pneumatically connected through a vacuum hopper with a nozzle. The vacuum pump is rotated by an electric motor. The analogue has a system for quick cleaning of filters (filter regeneration) - by reverse pulse purge, due to reverse pulse purge with compressed air. Compressed air is pumped by a pneumatic compressor additionally provided in the design into a pneumatic receiver, from which compressed air through special nozzles installed in the hopper on the clean side of the filters, with individual impulses through electromagnetic pulse valves, blows the filters from the clean side when they are dirty. Unloading of dust from the vacuum bunker is tipper, by emptying it under the action of gravity through the quickly opening part of the rear wall.

The disadvantage of the analog is the complexity of the design due to the use of an additional compressor with its drive and a receiver for compressed air in the design. An analog machine has increased energy consumption, since the compressor drive requires additional power to accumulate compressed air. In addition, due to the fact that the machine mechanisms are driven from the electric current network with power supply to it via a cable from an external power source, the machine has limited maneuverability, and due to the presence of molten metal in the electrolysis body, it is dangerous to use the machine in an electrolysis production, which reduces the performance of the machine.

The prior art machines for cleaning dust in the electrolysis shops of aluminum plants, industry standard OST 48-13-74 of the USSR. SSBT. “Dust-collecting machines for aluminum plants. Safety requirements". Known according to OST 48-13-74, dust-collecting machines on a self-propelled wheeled chassis have a vacuum dust bin, have air purification filters with regeneration by shaking them. They have a vacuum nozzle. Unloading of dust from the bunker is provided through the hatch by means of the unloading screw.

The disadvantages of the analogue is the complexity of the design due to the use of a complex filter shaking mechanism in the design, which requires additional drive power, which increases the required power of the engine used.

The closest in technical essence is a vacuum dust collector (patent RU151527, Е01Н1/08, publ. 04/10/2015), consisting of a vacuum hopper placed on a self-propelled wheeled chassis with filters for air purification with a quick cleaning system, a vacuum pump, pneumatically connected through the vacuum bunker with the main and additional nozzles. The drive mechanisms of the machine from the internal combustion engine mounted on the chassis. The vacuum pump is rotated by a hydraulic motor. The analog has a system for quick cleaning of filters (filter regeneration) - by reverse pulse purge, due to reverse pulse purge with compressed air. Compressed air is pumped by a pneumatic compressor additionally provided in the design into a pneumatic receiver, from which compressed air through special nozzles installed in the hopper on the clean side of the filters, with individual impulses through electromagnetic pulse valves, blows the filters from the clean side when they are dirty. Dust cleaning is wet, for this the machine contains a water tank connected to nozzles for spraying water on the hinges. Unloading of dust from the vacuum bunker is made through an unloading opening in the bunker by means of the screw feeder.

The disadvantage of the analog is the complexity of the design due to the use of an additional compressor with its drive and a receiver for compressed air in the design. The compressor drive requires additional engine power to create increased air pressure. In addition, the built-in water spray nozzles during cleaning do not allow cleaning in the electrolysis cells due to the presence of molten metal in them, which reduces the performance of the machine.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is the simplification of the design and the expansion of performance indicators to enable the operation of the machine in electrolysis housings to involve spills of raw materials in the recycling.

The set technical result is achieved by the fact that in a vacuum dust-collecting machine containing placed on a self-propelled wheeled chassis 1 vacuum hopper 2 with filters for air purification 11 with a quick cleaning system, a vacuum pump 6, pneumatically connected through a vacuum hopper 2 with the main vacuum nozzle 4 and, at least one additional nozzle 5, what is new is that the vacuum hopper 2 contains an additional pipeline 15 on the clean side of the filters 10 with a built-in special valve 16 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 21, activated by a hydraulic valve 31 from the control system, providing a quick filter cleaning system periodic cleaning of the filters 11 by blowing them back with air from the atmosphere due to the vacuum in the hopper 2, by connecting the hopper 2 to the atmosphere.

The invention is supplemented by particular distinguishing features that contribute to the achievement of the technical result:

In pneumatic pipelines 12, 13, connecting the hopper 2 with nozzles 4, 5, sucking dust, special valves 24, 25 are built in, which are made with the possibility of closing to increase the efficiency of quick cleaning of filters before opening a special valve 16 connecting the vacuum hopper 2 with the atmosphere;

A special valve 16 connecting the clean side 10 of the filters 11 with the atmosphere is made in the form of a throttle valve 17.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the principle of operation of a vacuum dust collector when cleaning dust with a main nozzle.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the principle of operation of a vacuum dust collector when cleaning filters.

In FIG. 3 shows an enlarged fragment of the location along arrow A in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 4 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 5 shows a section along the arrows B - B in Fig. 4.

List of structural elements:

1 - self-propelled wheeled chassis;

2 – vacuum bunker;

3 - power plant;

4 - the main vacuum nozzle;

5 - additional vacuum nozzle;

6 – vacuum pump;

7 - hydraulic motor;

8 - partition;

9 - dirty side;

10 - clean side;

11 - air purification filter;

12 - pneumatic pipeline;

13 - pneumatic pipeline;

14 - pneumatic pipeline;

15 - additional pipeline;

16 - special valve;

17 - throttle valve;

18 - axis;

19 - open position;

20 - closed position;

21 - hydraulic cylinder;

22 - lever;

23 - special filter;

24 - special valve;

25 - special valve;

26 - silencer;

27 - internal combustion engine;

28 - hydraulic pumps;

29 - steered wheels;

30 - drive wheels;

31 - hydraulic distributor;

32 - measuring device;

33 - measuring device;

34 - safety valve;

35 - hydraulic cylinder;

36 - hydraulic cylinder;

37 - end flange connection;

38 - end flange connection.

Implementation of the invention

Vacuum dust collector is designed for collection, transportation and self-unloading at the storage site, in order to recycle dry spills, in particular spills of alumina, anode paste, electrolyte crumbs and other bulk materials, fine dust used in electrolysis housings for producing aluminum by the electrolytic method, workshops, warehouses, other production sites and cleaning the roadway. The machine can clean alumina from automatic alumina feed hoppers (AFU) and processing equipment before repairs.

The machine consists of a self-propelled wheeled chassis 1 with a driver's cab installed in front of the chassis, not shown in the figures. At the rear of the chassis 1, a vacuum hopper 2 is installed. The chassis drive 1 is from the power plant 3. Dry dust removal can be carried out either with the main vacuum nozzle 4 or with an additional nozzle 5, made, for example, in the form of a portable vacuum sleeve located at the rear of the chassis 1 on the rear wall of the vacuum hopper 2. The additional vacuum nozzle 5 is removable and the machine can be operated without it.

The creation of vacuum in the vacuum hopper 2 is carried out by a vacuum pump 6, which is driven by a hydraulic motor 7. Dust is collected by nozzles 4 or 5. The vacuum hopper 2 is divided by a partition 8 into two parts, a dirty side 9 for collecting dust and a clean side 10. Into the partition 8 built-in air purification filters 11 installed in the dirty side 9 of the hopper, which connect the dirty side 9 for collecting dust of the hopper 2 and the clean side of the filters with the clean side 10 of the hopper 2.

The supply of dust from the main vacuum nozzle 4 to the dirty side 9 of the hopper 2 is carried out through the pneumatic pipeline 12 of the main vacuum nozzle 4. The dust is supplied from the additional nozzle 5 to the dirty side 9 of the bin 2 through the pneumatic pipeline 13 of the additional nozzle 5. The clean side 10 of the vacuum hopper 2 connected to the vacuum pump 6 by means of a pneumatic pipeline 14. An additional pipeline 15 is built into the wall of the clean side 10 of the vacuum hopper 2, connecting the clean side 10 of the vacuum hopper 2 with the atmosphere.

A special valve 16 is built into the additional pipeline 15, made in the form of a throttle valve. The throttle valve 17 of the special valve 16 is rotatable on the axis 18 and has two positions, open position 19, while the additional pipeline 15 is open, and closed position 20, while the additional pipeline 15 is closed. In the open position 19 of the throttle valve 17, the clean side of the hopper is connected to the atmosphere. In the closed position 20 of the throttle valve 17, the clean side of the bunker is not connected to the atmosphere through the additional pipeline 15. The drive for opening and closing the throttle valve 17 is produced by a hydraulic cylinder 21 through a lever 22, which is rigidly fixed on the axis 18 on one side, the second side of the lever 22 is pivotally connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 21. A special filter 23 is installed at the end of the additional pipeline 15 to filter the incoming 10 to the clean side. bunker 2 air from the atmosphere.

A special valve 24 is built into the pneumatic pipeline 12, made, for example, in the form of a throttle valve, to shut off the pneumatic pipeline 12 connecting the main vacuum nozzle 4 with the vacuum hopper 2. The drive for opening and closing the valve 24, for example, from a hydraulic cylinder or electric motor (not shown in the figures shown).

A special valve 25 is built into the pneumatic pipeline 13, made, for example, in the form of a throttle valve, to shut off the pneumatic pipeline 13 connecting the additional nozzle 5 with the vacuum hopper 2. The drive for opening and closing the valve 25, for example, from a hydraulic cylinder, electric motor or manual not shown).

To reduce noise, the exit of the air sucked off by the vacuum pump 6 from the vacuum hopper 2 is made through the muffler 26.

The power plant 3 consists of an internal combustion engine 27, to which, for example, hydraulic pumps 28 are flanged in tandem. rotation of the vacuum pump 6, the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the throttle valve drive 17, the hydraulic cylinders for emptying the hopper 2 from the collected dust.

The vacuum value in the dirty side 9 of the vacuum hopper 2 is controlled by a measuring device 32. The vacuum value in the clean side 10 of the vacuum hopper 2 is controlled by a measuring device 33. To limit the maximum vacuum value in the vacuum hopper 2, a safety valve 34 is installed.

To unload dust from the vacuum hopper 2, an opening lower part of the rear wall of the hopper 2 is provided. Dust is unloaded from the vacuum hopper 2 by gravity through the open part of the rear wall of the vacuum hopper 2. The rear wall of the hopper 2 is opened from the hydraulic cylinders 35. Raising the hopper 2 for self-unloading is performed by a hydraulic cylinder 36.

When the vacuum hopper 2 is raised to the raised position for dust discharge, the pneumatic pipeline 12 and 14 is automatically disconnected from the vacuum hopper 2 due to the end flange connections 37 and 38. In the lowered position of the hopper 2, the ends of the flanges of the end flange connections 37 and 38 fit snugly against each other due to the weight of the hopper 2 and are hermetically sealed by sealing the end flange connections 37 and 38.

The hydraulic equipment of the machine is controlled by the hydraulic valve 31, which receives commands from the control system (not shown in the figures).

The machine works as follows.

The operator, being in the cabin (not shown in the figures), moves the machine along the electrolysis building. Before starting dust collection, the driver, using the control system through the hydraulic distributor 31, turns on the rotation of the hydraulic motor 7, which starts to rotate the vacuum pump 6, creating a vacuum in the vacuum hopper 2, while the special valve 24 of the main vacuum nozzle 4 is open, the special valve 16 has a throttle valve in the closed position 20. The vacuum pump 6 creates a vacuum in the vacuum hopper 2 due to the vacuum created in the vacuum hopper 2 by the vacuum pump 6, when the machine is moving, the main vacuum nozzle 4 sucks dust spills along the harvested strip. When dust is removed by the main vacuum nozzle 4 (the position of the valves and the trajectory of air and dust during suction are shown in Fig. 1), the special valve 24 is open, the throttle valve 17 is closed, the special valve 25 of the additional nozzle 5 is closed. The dust picked up by the main vacuum nozzle 4 moves through the pneumatic pipeline 12, enters the dirty side 9 of the vacuum hopper 2, is filtered by the air purification filters 11 and settles in the vacuum hopper 2. Filtered, dust-free by the air purification filters 11, clean air is drawn in by the vacuum pump 6 from the clean side 10 of the hopper 2 through the pneumatic pipeline 14, passing through the vacuum pump 6, and through the muffler 26 is discharged to the outside.

Additional nozzle 5 can be used for vacuum cleaning of "spills" at the level of "+9.0" (galleries, crane runways, building structures) or cleaning of APG bunkers or processing equipment from alumina before repairs. When working with an additional nozzle 5, a special valve 25 of the pneumatic pipeline 13 is open, while a special valve 24 of the main vacuum nozzle 4 is closed.

The vacuum value in the vacuum hopper 2 is controlled by a measuring device 32. The degree of clogging of the air purification filters 11 is controlled by a measuring device 33. When the maximum vacuum value in the vacuum hopper 2 is exceeded, the safety valve 34 is activated.

As dust is collected, the air purification filters 11 adsorb dust on the surface, and the resistance to air passage increases. When pre-set values are reached, the control system issues a message about the need to clean the air filters 11.

The machine is equipped with a fast cleaning system for air purification filters 11 by backflushing. Thanks to this technology, the filters 11 are cleaned by introducing a large volume of air through the throttle valve 17 into the vacuum hopper 2.

The throttle valve 17 is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 21, which is switched on by a section of the hydraulic distributor 31, the signal to which comes from the controller of the control system, with which you can adjust and control the operating parameters.

Cleaning of air purification filters 11 is carried out as follows:

- after the control system receives a signal from measuring instruments 32 and 33 about the maximum clogging of air purification filters 11, it turns on a signal about the need to clean them;

– the operator stops dust collection;

- turns on filter cleaning, while the control system closes a special valve 24, through the hydraulic distributor 31 turns off the hydraulic motor 7 of the vacuum pump drive 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 21 opens the throttle valve 17 of the special valve 16 to the open position 19, opening the air inlet for back blowing from the street to the clean side 10 vacuum hopper 2;

– after cleaning the air purification filters 11 by back blowing at a predetermined time, the control system through the hydraulic distributor 31 closes the throttle valve 17 of the special valve 16 to the closed position 20, closing the air inlet for back blowing from the street to the clean side 10 of the vacuum hopper 2, opens a special valve 24 of the main vacuum nozzle 4, includes a hydraulic motor 7 for driving the vacuum pump 6, which brings the vacuum in the vacuum hopper 2 to normal;

– then the machine, after cleaning the filters, continues to collect dust.

When backflushing, the vacuum hopper 2 is under vacuum, the throttle valve 17 opening allows a large volume of air to be admitted from the external environment in order to shake the air purification filters 11 with a countercurrent. The air sucked in for shaking is filtered through a special filter 23.

The frequency of switching on the cleaning of the air purification filters 11 depends on the size of the layer of dust that is removed.

In normal mode, the cleaning of filters 11 is carried out with the following frequency:

– when carrying out daily maintenance (ETO) of the machine, to check the performance of the cleaning system;

- at each start of the power plant 3 machines in the dust collection mode;

- immediately after the activation of the filling sensor (not shown in the figures) of the vacuum hopper 2, in order to clean the filters before unloading the hopper;

- when the signaling device of the control system about clogging of filters is triggered from the signal of measuring devices 32 and 33;

– before performing machine maintenance (MS) to clean the hopper.

In the process of collecting dust, when vacuum hopper 2 is filled with dust, a filling sensor is triggered, which, through the control system, gives an appropriate signal for the need to unload vacuum hopper 2. Unloading dust from a vacuum hopper is dumping, by emptying it under the action of gravity through a quickly opening hydraulic cylinder 35 lower part of the rear wall. The lifting of the front part of the hopper for unloading is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder 36. When lifting the vacuum hopper 2, the mechanical flange seals 37 and 38 automatically disconnect the pneumatic pipelines 12 and 14.

At the end of the unloading of the vacuum hopper 2, the hydraulic cylinders 35 close the open part of the rear wall, the hydraulic cylinder 36 lowers the vacuum hopper 2 to the working position, while the pneumatic pipelines 12 and 14 are automatically hermetically connected by mechanical flange seals 37 and 38, then the machine can continue to collect dust. The control of the machine and the control of the turns of the machine, the control of the vacuum nozzle 4, the control of the cleaning of the filters 11 and the control of the unloading of dust are carried out by the driver directly from the cab.

Positive results of the proposed technical solution.

Vacuum Dust Cleaner Structure:

- due to dry vacuum cleaning, it ensures cleaning of the territory and safe and efficient operation of the machine in electrolysis cases, allows you to involve spills of raw materials in the re-circulation, which expands its technological capabilities, reduces environmental pollution and improves the environment;

- due to the use of the energy of the hydraulic drive for the back blowing of filters, which is also used in the machine for both the travel drive and the steering drive, it simplifies the design of the machine, does not require additional complex mechanisms for the rotation of the compressor and the throttle drive;

– due to the fact that special valves are built into the pneumatic pipelines connecting the hopper with dust suction nozzles, which close before opening a special valve connecting the vacuum hopper with the atmosphere, the efficiency of quick filter cleaning increases, no additional power is required for fans or compressors for creation of compressed air reserves;

- due to the use of a valve in the form of a throttle for opening and closing the air hose for back blowing of the filters, the time for filter cleaning is reduced, which ensures good quality of filter cleaning and acceptable performance;

- due to the use of a hydraulic cylinder for closing the throttle valve, activated from a hydraulic distributor operating from the control system, semi-automatic and, if necessary, manual control of the filter cleaning system is provided.

Positive results, operability, simplicity and reliability of the design are confirmed by production tests carried out in electrolysis cases of an aluminum plant, made according to the claims of an industrial model of a vacuum dust collector.

The technical solution is industrially applicable, since it has been manufactured, tested and certified for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation of the Customs Union TR TS 010/2011 "On the safety of machinery and equipment" and is expected to be mass-produced for use in aluminum smelters in accordance with the purpose.

Claims (4)

1. Vacuum dust harvester, containing placed on a self-propelled wheeled chassis (1) a vacuum hopper (2) with filters for air purification (11) with a quick cleaning system, a vacuum pump (6), pneumatically connected through a vacuum hopper (2) with the main vacuum nozzle (4) and at least one additional nozzle (5), characterized in that the vacuum hopper (2) contains an additional pipeline (15) on the clean side of the filters (10) with a built-in valve (16) driven by a hydraulic cylinder (21), activated by the hydraulic distributor (31) from the control system, which provides the quick filter cleaning system with periodic cleaning of the filters (11) by blowing them back with air from the atmosphere due to the vacuum in the hopper (2), by connecting the hopper (2) to the atmosphere. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that valves (24), (25) are built into the pneumatic pipelines (12), (13) connecting the hopper (2) with nozzles (4), (5). 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of quick cleaning of filters (11), before opening the valve (16) connecting the vacuum hopper (2) with the atmosphere, pneumatic pipelines (12), (13) sucking dust with nozzles , made with the possibility of closing with valves (24), (25). 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (16) connecting the clean side (10) of the filters (11) with the atmosphere is made in the form of a throttle valve (17).

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