RU2794237C1 - Universal balanced tv antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: universal balanced television antenna belongs to the field of radio engineering and can be used as a compact wide-range antenna, mainly window, in television systems, for receiving on-air television broadcasting signals in residential premises and structures, as well as in summer cottages or in a transport version, with a temporary arrangement of places television reception, remote from settlements. The antenna includes a receiving excitation element fixed or made on the surface of a thin dielectric substrate, it is made combined in the form of a stub vibrator with a dipole connected in parallel via a symmetrical two-wire line with a shunt connection through a delay device. Moreover, the dielectric substrate is made in the form of identical symmetrical flaps with the possibility of rotation along the axis of symmetry, along which there is a switching line with a coaxial socket connector installed at the central point on the dipole conductor, and a matching balancing device. Antenna conductors are made of foil.

EFFECT: improving the coordination in the extended operating frequency band, increasing the gain for autonomous operation without an antenna amplifier, with universal application for reception in the television radio wavelength range, and simplifying the electrical power supply.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering and can be used as a compact wide-range antenna, mainly window antenna, in television systems, for receiving on-air television broadcasting signals in residential premises and buildings, as well as in summer cottages or in a transport version, when arranging television reception places remote from settlements.

The effectiveness of the functioning of television receivers largely depends on the functional combination of televisions and antenna devices, their purpose and location. On the one hand, the antenna must be adapted to the conditions of the electromagnetic environment at the installation site, and on the other hand, the comfort of its use should not be “limited” by its location.

Of course, outdoor antennas that are outside the comfort environment are most preferable for use and, in addition, they do not require tight frames in terms of dimensions and weight characteristics in order to provide high-quality television reception at the required distances by their design parameters. For indoor antennas, much should be minimized, but it is taken into account that the signal level depends on the distance to the TV tower and the direction of arrival of radio waves, the thickness of the walls and the height of the surrounding buildings, as well as the location of the premises and the environment with conductive elements that affect the reliability of television reception. As an alternative to the smaller classic indoor antenna devices used for this, window antennas have become increasingly used as internal antennas, organically fitting into any interior, in many cases when the TV towers are located on the exit side of the windows. In turn, in order to minimize the impact on the main function of the windows, so as not to reduce the luminous flux, such antennas are often made in the form of flat skeletal structures, with conductors placed on transparent substrates.

The relevance and relevance of such antennas is confirmed by a wide range of created window antenna devices from various manufacturers: Super Thin Indoor HDTV Antenna and HD Antena TV Fox Surf (https://www.joom.com/ru/products/6006b6ee3c18ee01068f7d43), indoor active antenna REMO "BAS -5326-5V” and REMO TV antenna “BAS-5322-USB STREKOZA” (https://remo-zavod.ru/antenny-televizionnye/).

Known antennas are almost identical and structurally have a combined receiving vibrator for the average frequency of the used radio wave lengths or a connection of several vibrators to separate frequency sections to expand the operating range and a balancing transformer to match the antenna amplifier.

The disadvantage of the known antenna devices is uneven in range, and an overestimated standing wave ratio (SWR) and low gain (KU), due to which the antennas are equipped with external power supply, antenna amplifiers, without which their performance as broadband antenna devices is problematic.

A television antenna is known (Pat. RF No. 161457, publ. 04.2016). The antenna contains a symmetrical line with vibrators based on a textolite plate and a simplified balancing device, made in the form of a mounting wire, in which one end is connected to the vibrator, and the other end is connected to a movable terminal installed on the section of the exposed screen braid of the cable and regulating the wavelength for receiving signals .

A disadvantage of the known antenna is, due to the narrow bandwidth, which does not provide reception of television signals in the entire television range of radio waves, the need to adjust the antenna device to ensure reception of television operating frequencies of the selected multiplexes.

Kharchenko's zigzag antenna is known (Variants of Kharchenko's zigzag antenna/https://www.radioradar.net/radiofan/antenns/options_zigzag_kharchenko_antenn.html, 12/02/2014). In the known version of the antenna, when using a single vibrator, the balancing and matching necessary for SWR and KU for use without an amplifier is provided.

The disadvantage of the known antenna is a narrowed operating frequency range with an overlap of no more than half of the used frequency range of radio waves of digital television broadcasting and a relatively large vertical dimension.

The closest is a television antenna (Pat. RF No. 76504, published on September 20, 2008), which includes at least one receiving excitation element fixed or made on the surface of a thin dielectric substrate, the excitation points of which are connected through a matching device to a connector for connecting receiving equipment.

The disadvantages of the prototype, despite the extreme simplicity of manufacturing flat dipole elements and the substrate, compactness and low cost, is the need for an external matching device outside the main antenna structure and cable switching to it and the connector, as well as low KU and operation in a limited section of the radio wavelength range, not covering the frequency range of digital television broadcasting.

The technical result, to which the technical solution is directed, is to improve the coordination in the extended operating frequency band, increase the gain for autonomous operation without an antenna amplifier, with universal application for reception in the television radio wavelength range, and simplify the electrical power supply.

The solution of the problem is provided by the fact that in the antenna, which includes a receiving excitation element fixed or made on the surface of a thin dielectric substrate, it is combined in the form of a loop-vibrator with a dipole connected in parallel via a symmetrical two-wire line, with a shunt connection through a delay device. Moreover, the dielectric substrate is made in the form of identical symmetrical flaps, with the possibility of rotation along the axis of symmetry, along which there is a switching line with a coaxial socket connector installed at the central point on the dipole conductor and a matching balancing device, and the antenna conductors are made of foil.

The matching balancing device of the receiving excitation element is made in the form of a conductive carrier tubular base with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , with a coaxial switching line cable with a connector laid inside, which is connected at the input to the central core and braid to the excitation points. At the output, the coaxial cable is connected by the central conductor to the central pin of the female coaxial connector, and the braid is connected to the tubular base and the base of the coaxial female connector. The matching balancing device can also be made in the form of a coaxial cable with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , the beginning of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor and a braid to the excitation points, and the end of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor to the central contact of the coaxial connector, and the braid is connected to the female base of the coaxial connector. An additional braid is covered over the entire length of the coaxial cable along the outer insulation, connected from the side of the dipole to the base of the coaxial female connector, fixed and sealed with a heat shrink tube. The proposed implementations of balancing devices are blocking quarter-wave glasses adapted to the structure of the antenna.

The delay device is made in the form of a concentrated broken extension of the conductors of a symmetrical two-wire line.

Identical symmetrical flaps have the ability to rotate along the axis of symmetry with a turn of the flaps from the location in the plane, to the formation of a corner antenna or complete transport convergence of the flaps. The shutters can be held in the transport, deployed or angular position using the upper and lower dielectric, mainly with a groove, linear and corner clamps, strung on the upper and lower edges of the shutters.

For universal fastening of the antenna device to the wall, window glass or supporting support, the sashes have holes for hanging the antenna, fixing suction cups, Velcro straps or ties in them to fix the antenna to the supporting structures on either side. The coaxial female antenna connector, in addition to connecting the cable, can also be used to mount the antenna device on a carrier stand with a power cable, when the antenna is freely placed on television receivers or on flat surfaces.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution of the antenna in terms of the device is seen in the fact that the receiving excitation element is made combined, from dissimilar antenna elements, in the form of a loop vibrator and a classical dipole vibrator connected in parallel, with conductors located in the same plane.

The novelty of the device is seen in the fact that heterogeneous antenna elements in the form of a stub vibrator with a classical dipole are connected in parallel via a symmetrical two-wire line, with a shunt switching on of the dipole used to match the input impedance of the antenna with the characteristic impedance of the cable.

The novelty in terms of the device is seen in the fact that for phasing the delay device is made in the form of a lumped broken extension of the conductors of a symmetrical two-wire line, with its direct typical and shunt connection of different vibrators.

The novelty in terms of the device is seen in the fact that the matching balancing device of the receiving excitation element is made in the form of a conductive carrier tubular base with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , located along the axis of symmetry of the antenna and with a coaxial cable of the switching line laid inside, realizing a quarter-wave balun in the plane of the antenna.

The novelty in terms of the device is seen in the fact that the matching balancing device of the receiving excitation element can be made in the form of a coaxial cable with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , and for the entire length of the coaxial cable, the outer insulation is covered with an additional conductive braid, which is fixed and sealed with a heat shrink tube.

The novelty in terms of the device is seen in the fact that the matching balancing device of the receiving excitation element is located along the axis of the antenna, in the zone of zero potential, and along the axis of symmetry of the conductors of a symmetrical two-wire line, within the height between the vibrators, with minimization of the antenna dimensions and the effect on electrical characteristics antenna device.

The novelty in terms of the device is seen in the fact that a flat antenna sheet, when placed outside of flat surfaces, can be transformed into an angular structure with universal fastening in place and the realization of the advantages of angular antennas.

The industrial applicability of the proposed technical solution is seen in the relative ease of manufacture, improved electrical characteristics, the possibility of using in small-scale production and for wide distribution on an industrial basis at a high competitive level. In comparison with the known analogues and the prototype, the proposed antenna compares favorably with increased functionality, technical, operational and economic characteristics.

The proposed universal balanced television antenna is illustrated by drawings, including the results of computer simulation in the MMANA-GAL program, which are shown in Fig. 1-5.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a universal balanced television antenna.

In FIG. 2 shows the starting computer model of a universal balanced television antenna.

In FIG. 3 shows a graph of changes in SWR in the operating frequency range.

In FIG. 4 shows a graph of the change in KU in the operating frequency range.

In FIG. 5 shows the radiation patterns in the operating frequency range.

The universal balanced television antenna contains a receiving excitation element with excitation points (a, b), made combined in the form of a loop-vibrator 1 with a dipole connected in parallel 4, by connecting a symmetrical two-wire line 2, with a shunt connection through a delay device 3 at points (c, d). The excitation receiving element is located on the surface of the substrate, made of a thin dielectric material and made in the form of identical symmetrical flaps 5, with the possibility of rotation along the symmetry axis (o). Along the symmetry axis (o) there is a switching line 6 with a coaxial female connector 7 installed at the central point on the conductor of the dipole 4 and a matching balancing device 8. The conductors of the television antenna are made of foil. The matching balancing device 8 of the receiving excitation element is made in the form of a classic quarter-wave glass based on a conductive carrier tubular base with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , with a coaxial cable of the switching line 6 laid inside with a connector 7. The switching cable 6 is connected at the input with a central core and a braid to the excitation points (a, b), and at the output the coaxial cable is connected with a central core to the central contact of the female coaxial connector 7, and the braid connected to the tubular base and the base of the coaxial socket connector 7. The matching balancing device 8 can be made in the form of a coaxial cable with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. . The beginning of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor and a braid to the excitation points (a, b), and the end of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor to the central contact of the coaxial connector, and the braid is connected to the female base of the coaxial connector 7. In this case, the entire length of the coaxial cable, to the outer the insulation is stretched with an additional braid connected from the side of the dipole 4 to the base of the coaxial socket connector 7 and fixed and sealed with a heat shrink tube (not shown in the sketch). The delay device 3 is made in the form of a concentrated broken extension of the conductors of a symmetrical two-wire line 2. To mount the antenna to the wall, window glass or the bearing element of the sash 5, they have holes 9, 10 for hanging the antenna, fixing suction cups, Velcro or clamp-ties for fixing in them.

Works universal symmetrical television antenna depicted in a schematic sketch (Fig. 1) on a computer model (Fig. 2) as follows.

The maximum level of signal amplitudes from the side of arrival of radio waves, in the proposed antenna in the form of a stub-vibrator 1 with a dipole 4 connected in parallel, located in the same plane, will be obtained when the areas of location of symmetrical flaps 5 will be parallel to the front of arrival of radio waves, that is, perpendicular direction to the telecentre. This is provided that, in order to ensure the maximum level of the amplitudes of the received signals at the excitation points (a, b), the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the conductors from the received signals from the loop vibrator 1 and the dipole 4 will come in the same phase, that is, summed up. In addition to this, in order to reduce the SWR, the maximum transmission of the received signals to the receiver, it is required that the antenna resistance at the points (a, b) of connecting it to the switching line 6 with the coaxial socket 7 corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the used coaxial cable and connector. It is well known that the resistance of the loop vibrator is about 240-280 Ohm, and the resistance of the dipole - the split vibrator is 72-73 Ohm, then their parallel connection will reduce the total resistance and will not ensure coordination with the 75 Ohm television coaxial cable. Therefore, in order to match the antenna resistance at points (a, b) when connected to the coaxial cable of the switching line 6, an increase in the dipole 4 connected in parallel via a symmetrical two-wire line 2, the connection resistance is increased by shunting at points (c, d). In addition, such a connection, with a distance from the center, relative to the classical inclusion of a split vibrator, introduces a phase shift. In turn, to ensure the addition of signals from the loop vibrator 1 and dipole 4 in phase, at points (a, b), taking into account the phase shift, when the dipole is shunted at points (c, d) and the length of the symmetrical two-wire line 2 , for the required total phase shift, a delay device 3 is included in the two-wire line. Balancing at the transition from the excitation points (a, b) to the coaxial switching line 6 is performed using a balancing device 8 in the form of a balancing glass. For comparison, in this technical solution, of course, an in-phase grating is implemented, combined from vibrators of various types, which should entail an increased KU, which largely depends on the absorption surface. In turn, in order to reduce the size of the antenna, if it is necessary to minimize the spacing of the vibrators to the length of the balancing device, the absorption regions of the used vibrators overlap, which leads to a limited increase in the gain, but the skew is reduced, which advantageously expands the operating frequency range, as can be seen on the graphs of changes in SWR and KU (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).

The deployment of a universal balanced television antenna is carried out using any of the mentioned types of fasteners with fixation on flat surfaces or with the turn of the flaps 5 from the location in the plane to the implementation of the corner antenna. The shutters are held with the help of the upper and lower dielectric clamps strung on the upper and lower edges of the shutters (not shown in the sketch). In a universal balanced television antenna oriented towards the television center, an EMF is induced in the loop-vibrator 1 and dipole 4 and, with shunt switching, to adjust the resistances, to the points (c, d) of the dipole 4, through the delay device 3, using a symmetrical two-wire line 2, when connected in parallel at points (a, b), the currents are summed in phase. An unbalanced switching line 6 with a coaxial female connector 7 is connected to the balanced output of the antenna matched in terms of resistance to the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable at points (a, b). over the insulation for a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. A television coaxial cable is connected to the female connector 7 for connection to a television receiver. The quality of the universal balanced television antenna is clearly illustrated by the graphs of SWR and KU (Fig. 3, 4 and 5).

From the analysis of the above graphs it follows that the proposed antenna is operable in the entire television range of radio wavelengths. Practically with a constant radiation pattern in the entire frequency band allocated for digital television, the SWR changes smoothly and is less than the required 2.0, and with increasing frequencies it decreases to 1.25 with an increase in the gain, which is necessary when using antennas in a wide frequency range and corresponds to standalone operation. In turn, connecting a television receiver through an external antenna amplifier included in the circuit after the connector in the complex will improve performance to the level of multi-element antennas of complex designs and significantly increased cost. The arguments for the operation of the technical solution according to the invention are confirmed by the results of computer simulation and the work of a prototype, which favorably distinguishes the proposed technical solution from analogues, and the simplicity of manufacturing the device from widely used materials and the versatility of application open up prospects for its wide use.

Claims (9)

1. A universal balanced television antenna, including a conductive receiving excitation element fixed or made on the surface of a substrate made of a thin dielectric material, the excitation points of which are connected through a matching device to a connector for connecting the receiving equipment, characterized in that the receiving excitation element is made combined in in the form of a loop-vibrator with a dipole connected in parallel via a symmetrical two-wire line with a shunt connection through a delay device, and the dielectric substrate is made in the form of identical symmetrical flaps with the possibility of rotation along the axis of symmetry, along which the switching line is located with a coaxial socket connector installed at the central point on dipole conductor, and a matching balancing device. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductors of the television antenna are made of foil. 3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the matching balancing device of the receiving excitation element is made in the form of a conductive carrier tubular base with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , with a coaxial cable of a switching line laid inside with a connector, which is connected at the input by a central core and a braid to the excitation points, and at the output the coaxial cable is connected by a central core to the central contact of the female coaxial connector, and the braid is connected to the tubular base and the base of the coaxial female connector. 4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the matching balancing device is made in the form of a coaxial cable with a length commensurate with 0.25λ _cf. , the beginning of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor and a braid to the excitation points, and the end of the coaxial cable is connected by a central conductor to the central contact of the coaxial connector, and the braid is connected to the female base of the coaxial connector, and for the entire length of the coaxial cable, the outer insulation is covered with an additional braid connected from the side of the dipole to the base of the coaxial female connector, and fixed and sealed with heat shrink tubing. 5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay device is made in the form of a concentrated broken extension of the conductors of a symmetrical two-wire line. 6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that identical symmetrical flaps can be rotated along the axis of symmetry with a turn of the flaps from a location in a plane to the formation of a corner antenna or complete transport convergence of the flaps. 7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that for attaching the antenna to the wall, window glass or pole, the sashes have holes for hanging the antenna, fixing suction cups, Velcro straps or ties for fixing in them. 8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the coaxial female connector is used to mount the device on a stand with a power cable when the antenna is freely placed on television receivers or on flat surfaces. 9. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutters are held in the transport, deployed or angular position by means of the upper and lower dielectric linear and corner clamps with a groove, strung on the upper and lower edges of the shutters.

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