RU2794130C9 - Hybrid reverse ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation systems.

SUBSTANCE: ventilation systems for administrative buildings. Ventilation system includes fans and nozzles made of porous materials, contains air ducts, valves, a supply unit, which includes a damper, one or more filters, a heater, a fan, a silencer and a cooler, heaters, air handling units. At the same time, the air ducts are made in such a way that with one edge they go over the roof or facade in the upper part of the building, and with their other edge they intersect with the premises. Each of them is equipped with a valve and a fan near the outlet of the air duct to the street, and the valves are located closer to the street relative to the fans, the supply unit is connected to the air ducts at points located between the fans and the rooms. The supply and exhaust devices are located inside the outer enclosing structures behind the heaters and include a nozzle made of porous material, air filters, wind deflectors, control meshes and temperature sensors with a direct-acting regulator, and the nozzle made of porous material perceives the heat of the heaters and transfers it to the supply air, the air filter covers the section of the nozzle made of porous material facing the heater. The wind deflector closes the nozzle made of porous material from the outside, leaving an opening in the lower part of the supply and exhaust device, which is covered by a control mesh, the temperature sensor with a direct-acting regulator is connected to the control mesh and is located in the center of the supply and exhaust device from the side facing the heating device.

EFFECT: efficient air exchange in the serviced premises.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ventilation systems in administrative buildings.

Various ventilation systems are known from the prior art.

For example, the technical solution described in the RF patent for invention No. 2277205 is known. It describes a supply and exhaust device that includes two fans, a heat accumulator and a sorbent bed.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the time-varying air temperature in the supply jet and the formation of a pronounced jet stream in the serviced area of the room, which can lead to a violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements. Also, this technical solution does not allow cooling the supply air and does not use natural forces to create circulation.

Another analogue of the proposed technical solution is an installation for ventilation of premises, described in the author's certificate No. 628385. This installation includes a reversible fan and a regenerative heat exchanger placed in a wall opening, on the outer side of which a diffuser is installed with a window made in it, in which the fan is located.

The disadvantage of this system is the constant consumption of electrical energy for the operation of the fan and the impossibility of cooling the supply air in summer.

The closest analogue to the proposed technical solution (prototype) is the ventilation device Vitovent 100-D described on the website of the manufacturer of ventilation equipment Viessman [https://arkodan.com/kondicionirovaniya-i-ventiljacija/vitovent-100-d]. This device includes a heat storage nozzle made of porous material, a fan and a noise absorber arranged in series. With the combined use of several such devices, the resulting system can be considered as a centralized solution for the ventilation of administrative buildings using the reversal of the direction (reversal) of air flows.

The disadvantage of this system is the impossibility of cooling the air, the constant change in temperature in the jet, which is fraught with a violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements, as well as the retention of a significant amount of exhaust air in the system, which occurs due to frequent changes in direction of movement.

The technical result to be achieved by the proposed technical solution is the creation of a hybrid reversible ventilation system that provides efficient air exchange in serviced premises while saving energy and reducing capital costs for the ventilation system.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed system includes fans and nozzles made of porous materials, contains air ducts, valves, a supply unit, which has a damper, one or more filters, a heater, a fan, a silencer and a cooler, heaters, air supply and exhaust devices, while the air ducts are made in such a way that one edge goes to the roof or facade in the upper part of the building, and with its other edge they lead into the premises; each of them is equipped with a valve and a fan near the outlet of the air duct to the street, and the valves are located closer to the street relative to the fans, the supply unit is connected to the air ducts at points located between the fans and the rooms, the air handling units are located inside the outer enclosing structures behind the heaters and include a porous material nozzle, air filters, wind deflectors, control grilles and temperature sensors with a direct-acting controller, and the porous material nozzle perceives heat heater and passes it to the supply air, the air filter covers the section of the nozzle made of porous material facing the heater, the wind deflector closes the nozzle made of porous material from the outside, leaving an opening in the lower part of the supply and exhaust device, which is blocked by a control grill, the temperature sensor with a direct-acting regulator is connected to the control grill and is located in the center of the supply and exhaust device from the side facing the heater.

This ventilation system makes maximum use of naturally occurring pressure differences and activates artificial draft only when there is a lack of air exchange, which helps to reduce energy costs. At the same time, in any period of the year, the temperature of the supply air and the air exchange itself correspond to the normalized values due to the devices for heating (during the cold period) and cooling (during the warm period) built into the air path of the system.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated in Fig. 1-3, where

Fig. 1 - natural operating mode of the system.

Fig. 2 - reverse mode of the system.

Fig. 3 - design of the supply and exhaust device.

These figures show:

1 - air ducts,

2 - supply unit,

3 - supply and exhaust devices,

4 - heating devices,

5 - fans,

6 - valves,

7 - air filter,

8 - nozzle made of porous material,

9 - wind deflector,

10 - regulating grid,

11 - temperature sensor with direct action controller.

The proposed ventilation system consists of air ducts (1) through which, depending on the operating mode of the system, supply or exhaust air moves; supply unit (2), which processes and supplies air to the air ducts in the reverse mode of operation, this unit is selected according to the catalogs for the air flow required to supply all serviced premises of the building in total, while the supply unit includes a damper, one or more filters, a heater, a fan and a silencer. Also, an optional cooler for supply and exhaust devices (3) can be added to it, through which air is supplied to the premises and removed from them, respectively, in natural and reverse modes of operation; heating appliances (4) performing, in addition to the traditional function, also the transfer of heat to heat the supply air in the natural mode of operation; fans (5) activated automatically when there is a lack of natural forces to maintain standard values of air exchange in the premises; valves (6) that disconnect from the air path of the system those air ducts that should not participate in air circulation in specific operating modes; air filters (7), which clean the supply and exhaust air; nozzles made of porous material (8), which receive heat from heaters and transfer it to the supply air, as well as acting as air distributors, wind deflectors (9), protecting the supply and exhaust devices (3) from fluctuations in wind pressure; control grilles (10) that perform the function of air flow control and are controlled by temperature sensors with a direct-acting regulator (11) that senses the temperature of the supply air in the natural mode of operation of the system.

As a porous material, one can also consider regular or irregular fillings from various objects of arbitrary shape, which make it possible to create a uniform porosity throughout the entire volume of the packing. As an example, it is appropriate to use fillings from metal Raschig rings, fillings from metal spheres, cylinders; materials with through pores obtained by sintering metal powders.

The proposed ventilation system works as follows: in the natural mode of operation, which takes place at the time of the year, when the temperature difference is sufficient to create the standard air flow in the premises, the air enters the premises through the supply and exhaust devices (3).

At the same time, its speed inside the packing made of porous material (8) does not exceed 0.2 m/s.

The heat given off by the heater (4) is partially transferred to the nozzle made of porous material (8) and moves along it towards the street.

At the same time, it is gradually assimilated by the supply air flow, which is heated and enters the room with an acceptable temperature.

Also, partial heating of the air occurs when it passes near the heater (4).

The large area that the device occupies in the wall and the micro-jet formation mechanism when filtered through a nozzle made of porous material (8) creates a uniform low-velocity supply air flow at the entrance to the serviced area. At the same time, for uniform heating of the air over the entire area of the supply and exhaust device (3), it is completely blocked by a heater (4).

After the assimilation of hazards, the air moves into the air ducts (1) and is thrown out into the street through them with open valves (6).

Fans (5) are activated if the temperature difference is insufficient to create standard air flow rates.

The fans are powered through the outdoor temperature switch or through the building management system.

Limitation of air flow through the supply and exhaust device (3) is carried out by adjusting the degree of opening of the control grille (10), which is closed when the temperature behind the heater (4) drops unacceptably.

This temperature is sensed by a temperature sensor with a direct-acting regulator (11), which controls the control grid (10).

In the reverse mode of operation, the valves (6) are closed and the supply unit (2) is switched on, which processes the air and supplies it through the air ducts (1) to the premises.

After the assimilation of hazards, the air is forced out of the premises to the street through the supply and exhaust devices (3).

The movement of air occurs under the action of excess pressure created by the fan of the supply unit (2).

In this mode, the control grilles (10) are fully open, the fans (5) are switched off.

The filter (7) protects the room from dust in the natural mode of operation and protects the air handling unit (3) from room dust in the reverse mode of operation.

The wind deflector (9) makes the system more resistant to fluctuations in wind pressure.

In natural mode, the system organizes normative air exchanges completely due to natural forces, and if they are lacking, additional traction is created by fans; in the reverse mode of operation, air exchanges are provided by the supply unit. The change of operating modes occurs when the heating system is turned off.

Thus, the claimed technical result is achieved. In addition, the system allows a multiple reduction in the length and surface area of air ducts compared to traditional supply and exhaust ventilation systems and saves electrical energy spent on moving air.

Claims (1)

A ventilation system, including fans and nozzles made of porous materials, characterized in that it contains air ducts, valves, a supply unit, which includes a damper, one or more filters, a heater, a fan, a silencer and a cooler, heaters, air handling units, while the air ducts go out to the roof or facade in the upper part of the building with one edge, and enter the premises with their other edge, each of them is equipped with a valve and a fan near the air duct outlet to the the street, and the valves are located closer to the street relative to the fans, the supply unit is connected to the air ducts at the points located between the fans and the rooms, the supply and exhaust devices are located inside the outer enclosing structures behind the heating devices and include a nozzle made of porous material, air filters, wind deflectors, control grilles and temperature sensors with a direct-acting regulator, and the nozzle made of porous material perceives the heat of the heating devices and transfers it to the supply air, the air filter blocks the the section of the nozzle made of porous material facing the heater, the wind deflector closes the nozzle made of porous material from the outside, leaving an opening in the lower part of the supply and exhaust device, which is blocked by the control grill, the temperature sensor with the direct-acting regulator is connected to the control grill and is located in the center of the supply and exhaust device from the side facing the heater.

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