RU2793898C1 - Relay satellite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: relay satellites.

SUBSTANCE: block of multiplexers of the switch is introduced into the satellite relay, connected in series to the switching block, to the first, second and third inputs of which the outputs of the block of intersatellite receivers, the block of subscriber receivers and the block for generating service messages are connected, the switching block is made in the form of a series cascades of switching elements, the outputs of the last cascade are connected to the first inputs of the multiplexer block, the outputs of the navigation block and the blocking signal generator are connected to the second inputs of the latter through the encoder, the switching elements of the switching block with two independent inputs and two outputs, with each input connected in series the first element I, two band-pass filters connected to opposite trigger inputs, and the second and third I elements, the first inputs of which are connected to the heteronymic trigger outputs, the second inputs are connected to the corresponding input of the switching element, and the outputs are connected to the outputs of the third and fourth I elements, the second inputs of which are connected to another input of the switching element through the fifth I element, the second inputs of the first and fifth I elements are connected to the corresponding independent input of the switching element through a gate driver, the latter contains two pairs connected to its input in series connected register and comparator, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of storage devices, the outputs of the comparators are connected to the opposite inputs of the trigger and the different inputs of the generator with start and stop synchronization, to the control input of which a phased locking unit is connected, and the output is connected to the synchronization inputs of the registers of each group, the body of the repeater satellite is made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, and the transmitting antennas are placed at opposite ends of the stringers connecting the opposite sides of the casing, the receiving antennas are similarly placed.

EFFECT: simplification of the adjustment of the switch as part of the satellite relay and the elimination of its malfunctions, as well as ensuring the continuity of intersatellite communications.

1 cl, 18 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the relaying of information, in particular to satellite relays.

Known on-board complex satellite relay "Aksai" [see. patent of the Russian Federation No. 2097926, H04V 7/185, priority dated 19.04.94, bull. No. 33 dated 11/27/97], designed to operate in a multi-satellite communication system in which neighboring satellites can exchange subscriber and service information, including a series-connected block from to receiving antennas, a receiver block, a transmitter block and a block from to transmitting antennas, a switching block , a navigation block, a service signal extraction unit, a service signal generation unit and a blocking signal generator, wherein the switching unit is connected between the outputs of the transmitter unit, the service signal extraction unit is connected between the outputs of the receiver unit and the first inputs of the service signal generation unit, the navigation unit, the service signal extraction unit signals, the service signal generation unit and the blocking signal generator are connected in series and the outputs of the last of them are connected to the third inputs of the switching unit, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the navigation unit, and the outputs of the service signal generation unit are connected to the second inputs of the transmitter unit.

The disadvantage of this device is the limited application due to the fact that subscriber data exchange through such a repeater is carried out in packets of a fixed length, since the switching element of the switch of this repeater uses a single vibrator configured for a fixed strobe duration.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect of the relay satellite - the prototype is the relay satellite [see. patent of the Russian Federation No. 2673060, N04V 7/185, priority dated 11/20/17, registered in the state register of inventions of the Russian Federation on 11/22/18], intended for operation in a multi-satellite communication system in which neighboring satellites can exchange subscriber and service information, including a switching unit, a unit receiving subscriber radio antennas and a block of subscriber radio receivers, a block of receiving optical inter-satellite antennas and a block of optical inter-satellite receivers, a solar sensor and an orientation block connected in series, a navigation block, a block for generating service messages and a blocking signal generator, a block for separating service signals connected in series, a block for extracting bearing signals , a block of bearing signal analyzers and a block of control and selection of modulators, a block of inter-satellite optical transmitters, a block of subscriber radio transmitters, blocks of transmitting inter-satellite optical antennas and subscriber radio antennas

The disadvantage of this device is the limited application due to the fact that the switching elements of the switch are built according to the three-position logic, which makes it difficult to set up the switch and troubleshoot it.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the extension of the application.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the repeater satellite, which includes a series-connected block of receiving subscriber antennas, a block of subscriber receivers, a switching block, a block of subscriber transmitters and a block of transmitting subscriber antennas, a block of receiving inter-satellite antennas, a block of inter-satellite receivers, a block for separating service signals are connected in series , a bearing signal extraction unit, a bearing signal analyzer unit, a control and selection unit for modulators, a unit for generating service messages, and a blocking signal generator, a sun sensor and an orientation unit connected in series, a navigation unit is connected to the second inputs of the latter and a control unit and selection of modulators, in In contrast to the well-known, a multiplexer block of the switch is introduced into the repeater satellite, connected in series to the switching block, to the first, second and third inputs of which the outputs of the block of inter-satellite receivers, the block of subscriber receivers and the block for generating service messages are connected, the switching block is made in the form of a number of cascades of switching elements , the outputs of the last stage are connected to the first inputs of the multiplexer block, the outputs of the navigation block and the blocking signal generator are connected to the second inputs of the latter through the encoder, the switching elements of the switching block with two independent inputs and two outputs, with each input connected in series the first AND element, two bandpass filters connected to opposite trigger inputs and the second and third AND elements, the first inputs of which are connected to different trigger outputs, the second inputs are connected to the corresponding input of the switching element, and the outputs are combined with the outputs of the third and fourth AND elements, the second inputs of which are connected to another input of the switching element element through the fifth element AND, the second inputs of the first and fifth elements AND are connected to the corresponding independent input of the switching element through the strobe shaper, the latter contains two pairs of serially connected register and comparator connected to its input, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of storage devices, the outputs of the comparators are connected to different inputs of the trigger, and different inputs of the generator with synchronization of start and stop, to the control input of which a phased-locked-locked loop unit is connected, and the output is connected to the synchronization inputs of the registers of each group, the body of the repeater satellite is made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, and the transmitting antennas are placed on receiving antennas are similarly placed at opposite ends of the stringers connecting opposite sides of the body.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

in fig. 1 shows a functional diagram of a relay satellite;

in fig. 2 shows the format of the subscriber message;

in fig. 3 shows the format of the service message;

in fig. 4 shows a view (schematically) of the design of the body of the repeater satellite;

in fig. 5 shows the view of satellites in orbits;

in fig. 6 is a hexagonal view of the communication paths of CP 25 with CP neighbors 26;

in fig. 7 shows an illustration of the interaction of a relay satellite with other relay satellites in case of failure of communication paths with them;

in fig. 8 is an illustration of the interaction of a relay satellite with other relay satellites when crossing the planes of their orbits;

in fig. 9 is an illustration of the operation of the switching unit with message header bits;

in fig. 10 shows a functional diagram of the switching unit;

in fig. 11 shows a functional diagram of a switching element (CE);

in fig. 12 shows a functional diagram for constructing a strobe shaper;

in fig. 13 shows the interaction diagram of the switching unit, the multiplexer unit and the encoder;

in fig. 14 shows a diagram of the division of the Earth's surface by the navigation unit 20 into zones of operation of the navigation unit;

in fig. 15 shows a functional diagram of the block for generating service messages;

in fig. 16 shows a functional diagram of the control unit and selection of modulators;

in fig. 17 shows a functional diagram of the block for determining the mutual angular velocities of satellites (BOVUS-S);

in fig. 18 shows a functional diagram of the control signal generation unit;

Table 1 shows the correspondence between the header codes of a subscriber message and the directions of communication paths;

Table 2 shows the correspondence of the output code of the navigation block to the index of the zone over which the repeater satellite is located;

Table 3 shows the correspondence between the codes generated by the blocking signal generator and the failures of the relay satellite paths directed to neighboring relay satellites.

Designations on the figures:

In FIG. 1

1 - block of receiving subscriber antennas;

2 - block of subscriber receivers;

3 - switching block;

4 - block of multiplexers;

5 - block of subscriber transmitters;

6 - block of transmitting subscriber antennas;

7 - block of inter-satellite transmitters;

8 - block of modulators;

9 - block of transmitting inter-satellite antennas;

10 - block of receiving inter-satellite antennas;

11 - block of inter-satellite receivers;

12 - block selection of service signals;

unit for generating service messages;

13 - block for extracting the bearing signal;

blocking signal generator;

14 - block of bearing signal analyzers;

15 - block of control and selection of modulators;

16 - block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S);

17 - register of angular velocity (register US)

18 - orientation block;

19 - solar sensor;

20 - navigation block;

21 - unit for generating service messages;

22 - blocking signal generator;

23 - encoder;

In FIG. 2

GF - head flag;

FG - group flag;

FS - segment flag;

ZF - final flag;

X _i , Y _i , N _i - geographic coordinates and personal number of the recipient subscriber;

X _i , Y _i - geographical coordinates of the satellite - the repeater that sent this service message;

NOGKSR - code of the serial number of the satellite - the repeater that sent this service message;

KOH - service message trailer.

In FIG. 3

GF - head flag;

FG - group flag;

FS - segment flag;

ZF - final flag;

X _R , Y _R , N _R - geographic coordinates and personal number of the recipient subscriber;

X _i , Y _i - geographical coordinates of the satellite - the repeater that sent this service message;

NOGKSR - code of the serial number of the satellite - the repeater that sent this service message;

KOH - service message trailer

In FIG. 4

1 ₁ - antenna block receiving subscriber antennas;

6 ₁ - antenna block transmitting subscriber antennas;

9 ₁ - antenna block transmitting inter-satellite antennas;

10 ₁ - antenna block receiving inter-satellite antennas;

19 - solar sensor;

24 - stringer body CP;

NW - antenna serving the path directed to the northwest;

N - antenna serving the path directed to the north;

NE - antenna serving the path directed to the northeast;

SE - antenna serving the path directed to the southeast;

S - antenna serving the path directed to the south;

SW - antenna serving the path directed to the southeast;

U - antenna serving the path directed to the zenith;

D - antenna serving the path directed to the nadir.

In FIG. 5

25-CP;

26 - SR neighbor;

27 - orbits of CP 25 and CP - neighbors 25;

28 - optical paths (beams) CP - CP neighbor.

In FIG. 6

25-CP;

26 - SR neighbor;

NW - path, the antenna of which is directed to the northwest;

N - path, the antenna of which is directed to the north;

NE - path, the antenna of which is directed to the northeast;

SE - path, the antenna of which is directed to the southeast;

S - path, the antenna of which is directed to the south;

SW - path, the antenna of which is directed to the southeast;

Paths U are not shown - the antenna of which is directed to the zenith and D - the antenna of which is directed to the nadir.

In FIG. 7

25-CP;

26 - SR neighbor;

X - failed path.

In FIG. 8

9 ₁ - the first antenna of the block 9, accompanying the SR neighbor 25;

9 ₂ - the second antenna of the block 9, accompanying the SR neighbor 25;

9 ₃ - the third antenna of the block 9, accompanying the SR neighbor 25;

19 - solar sensor;

24-CP;

25 - SR neighbor;

26 - orbit of the CP neighbor 25;

29 - scanning sector of the antenna 9a;

30 - antenna scanning sector 9b;

31 - antenna scanning sector 9bv.

In FIG. 9

3 - switching block;

32 - switching element.

The switching elements 32 are connected by the switching unit 3 in series into the switching stages.

In FIG. 10

32 - switching element.

The operation logic of element 32 is shown. When head bit 0 arrives at the input, all bits following it are switched to the output of the same name, and when head bit 1 arrives, to the opposite output. The head bit is not sent to the output.

In FIG. eleven

32 - switching element;

33 - the first element of AND at the first entry;

34 - strobe shaper at the first input;

35 - bandpass filter for frequency f ₁ at the first input;

36 - bandpass filter for frequency f ₂ at the first input;

37 - trigger on first entry;

38 - the second element And at the first input;

39 - the third element AND at the first entry;

33 _a - the first element And at the second input;

34 ₂ - strobe shaper at the second input;

35 ₂ - bandpass filter for frequency f ₁ at the second input;

36 ₂ - bandpass filter for frequency f ₂ at the second input;

37 ₂ - trigger at the second input;

38 ₂ - the second element And at the second input;

39 ₂ - the third element And at the second input.

In FIG. 12

40 - head flag code register;

41 - memory device head flag code;

42 - head flag code comparator;

43 - trigger;

44 - generator with synchronization start and stop;

45 is a phase-locked loop diagram;

46 - trailer code register;

47 - storage device for the trailer code;

48 - trailer code comparator.

In FIG. 13

SF1 - switching unit bus;

SF2 - encoder bus;

3 - switching block;

23 - encoder;

4 - block of multiplexers;

32 - switching element;

48 - multiplexer.

In FIG. 14

8 - encoder;

15 - block of control and selection of modulators;

16 - block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S);

17 - register of angular speeds (US);

18 - orientation block;

20 - navigation block;

21 - unit for generating service messages;

22 - blocking signal generator;

25 - relay satellite (CP);

26 - SR neighbor;

49 - parallel-serial register;

50 - clock generator;

51 - register block;

52 - 1st memory block;

53 - 2nd memory block.

In FIG. 16

12 - block selection of service signals

15 - block of control and selection of modulators;

16 - block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S);

17 - register of angular speeds (US);

54 - control signal generation unit;

55 - block allocation of the correction code pointing;

56 - correction code generation unit;

57 - register block.

In FIG. 17

16 - block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S);

58 - block of local clocking;

59 - block delay;

60 - register block;

61 - block generating a difference code;

62 - block for calculating the sign of the angular velocity;

63 - block for calculating the module of angular velocity.

In FIG. 18

16 - block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S);

17 - register US;

54 - control signal generation unit;

55 - block allocation of the correction code pointing;

56 - block for generating the guidance correction code;

64 - solar sensor register (SD register);

65 - bearing signal register (SP register);

66 - code register pointing correction (register CPN);

67 - control code generator.

Table 1 shows the correspondence of the header codes to the directions of the communication paths. Head sequences are shown for switching the input of the switching unit 3 (vertically) to its output. Designations in table 1:

NW - tract directed to the northwest;

N - tract directed to the north;

NE - tract directed to the northeast;

SE - tract directed to the southeast;

S - tract directed to the south;

SW - tract directed to the southeast;

U - path directed to the zenith;

D - path directed to nadir;

Table 2 shows the correspondence of the output code of the navigation unit to the index of the zone over which the CP 25 is located;

Table 3 shows the correspondence between the codes generated by the blocking signal generator and the failures of the CP 25 paths directed to the CP neighbors 26. Designations in Table 3:

NW - tract directed to the northwest;

N - tract directed to the north;

NE - tract directed to the northeast;

SE - tract directed to the southeast;

S - tract directed to the south;

SW - tract directed to the southeast;

U - path directed to the zenith;

D - path directed to nadir;

"+" - the entry is missing;

"x" - the path is blocked.

Satellite - repeater works as follows.

The satellite repeater includes serially connected (see Fig. 1) a block of receiving subscriber antennas (radio band) 1, a block of subscriber receivers 2, a switching unit 3, a block of multiplexers 4, a block of subscriber transmitters 5, a block of transmitting subscriber antennas (radio band) 6, also in series included block of receiving inter-satellite antennas 10 (optical range), block of inter-satellite receivers 11, through blocks 3 and 4 connected to series-connected block of inter-satellite transmitters 7, block of modulators 8 and block of transmitting inter-satellite antennas (optical range) 9, also a block for separating service signals 12 , the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of blocks 2 and 11, and the output is connected to the first input of the control unit and selection of modulators 15 and to the input of the bearing signal extraction unit 13, connected in series with the bearing signal analyzer unit 14, block 15, service message generation unit 21, shaper blocking signals 22, encoder 23 and unit 4, also a navigation unit 20 connected to the first inputs of the encoder 23 and to units connected in series 21, 15 and 8, also a solar sensor connected to unit 15 and orientation unit 18, to the second inputs of which the outputs are connected block 20, in addition, the outputs of block 21 are connected to the inputs of blocks 3 and the inputs of the serially connected block BOVUS-S 16 and the register US 17, the latter is connected to the third inputs of block 15, and the second inputs of block 16 are connected to the outputs of block 14.

The receiving antenna of block 1 (see Fig. 1) receives a subscriber message (see Fig. 2) generated by the sending subscriber in the form of a serial code with a header code group from GF to N _R , codes X _R , Y _R correspond to codes table 1, which is then fed to the block of subscriber receivers 2 and then through the switching unit 3 and the block of multiplexers 4 is sent, in accordance with the group of header codes, through the corresponding transmitter of the block of subscriber transmitters 5 and the corresponding antenna of the block of transmitting subscriber antennas 6 - to the recipient subscriber in the same zone (the zone numbers of the relay satellite 25 and the recipient are both equal to X _R , Y _R ), or to the recipient subscriber with the zone number X _R , Y _R , through the corresponding transmitter of the block of inter-satellite transmitters 7, the block of modulators 8 and the corresponding antenna of the transmitting block inter-satellite antennas 9 - CP - neighbor 26.

The group of codes that was used in this case for switching from the input to the output of block 3 is not transmitted further.

Similarly, the subscriber message arrives through the antenna of the block of receiving inter-satellite antennas 10 to the block of inter-satellite receivers 11 and then through the switching block 3 and the multiplexer is at the antenna output of block 6 or 9 in accordance with the header code, having passed blocks 5 or 7 and 8.

The navigation unit 20 and the blocking signal generator 22 through the encoder 23 control the operation of the multiplexer unit 4, redirecting, if necessary, the message of the sender subscriber to a healthy CP neighbor 26, taking into account the location of the CP 25 and the health of the communication paths to the CP neighbors 26.

Service message (see Fig. 3), generated in the CP 25 located above the zone with the index X ₀ , Y ₀ , in the block for generating service messages 21 from the code of the navigation block 20 and the code of service messages coming through the control unit and selection of modulators 15 from signal extractor 12 is sent in the form of a serial code through the switching unit 3, the multiplexer unit 4, the corresponding transmitter of the inter-satellite transmitter unit 7, the modulator unit 8 and the corresponding antenna of the transmit inter-satellite antenna unit 9 to each CP neighbor 26.

From the CP neighbor 26 over the zone X _i , Y _i , a service message in the form of a serial code (instead of X ₀ , Y ₀ contains X _i , Y _i ) enters the CP 25 at the input of the receiving antenna of the block of receiving inter-satellite antennas 10.

The antennas of the block of receiving intersatellite antennas 10 include segments of photodetectors, which allow, depending on the degree of illumination of one or another photodetector, to determine the bearing to the CP neighbor 25, after which the photodetectors form the corresponding bearing signals coming from the outputs of the photodetectors to the inputs of the signal extractor 12 together with service messages from CP neighbors 26.

The bearing signals and service messages, then, through the block of inter-satellite receivers 11, are sent to the block for the selection of service signals 12, after which the data from the service message is sent to the control block and selection of modulators 15 in the form of three codes:

- in the form of a serial code, from which in block 15 the coordinate code of the CP neighbor 26 is allocated;

- in the form of the first parallel code, after processing the service message in the bearing signal extraction unit 13 and after that in the bearing signal analyzer unit 14 to form the guidance correction code in the block 15;

- in the form of a second parallel code after processing the service message in the BOVUS-S block 16 and after that in the US register 17, to generate a code in the control unit and select the modulator 15.

The block of control and selection of modulators 15 from the above three codes and the signal of the solar sensor 19 generates a control code for the block of modulators 8, after which block 8 selects the desired transmitting antenna of block 9 and sets the position of its beam.

Subscriber and service messages (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are processed as follows.

Subscriber message (see Fig. 2), addressed to the recipient, is processed as follows. The head flag GF designates the beginning of the message packet for the signaling blocks 12 and the switch 3. The flag of the GF group for the service and subscriber messages are different, and the block 12 does not further process the subscriber message. Further, in the switching block 3, the subscriber's message passes from the subscriber's input, through a number of switching elements, in each of which the head bit determines the output where the message will be sent. In this case, the head bit of the sequence is not regenerated. Thus, at the corresponding output of the switching unit, the message appears only with a message with SF, the number of the recipient of the message NR and KOH. This message is broadcast by CP 25 to the sub-satellite zone, where the subscriber recognizes the SF and his number and receives the message. If it is required to redirect a message over a network of satellites through several CP 25s, then the message header will contain several groups of codes - from "FG" to "FS before ZF". The number of such groups corresponds to the number of relays over the network. That is, the recipient will receive only the SF, NR, and the message with the KOH.

The service message (see Fig. 3) includes one group from the GF to the FS after Y _i , since it is not intended for relaying, but only for a neighboring satellite. The message contains information about the current sub-satellite zone of the Earth X ₀ , Y ₀ , over which CP 25 is located, information about the health of CP 25 and CP neighbors 26, and the bearing code (beam pointing corrections) for CP neighbor 26.

The service message in the SR neighbor 26 does not pass to the subscriber input of the switch 3, but passes through block 12, after which it provides correction of the operation of the multiplexer block 4 and the modulator block 8 in it. In turn, in the SR neighbor 26 a similar message is generated for the CP 25 to correct blocks 4 and 8 of the latter.

The CP 25 housing (see Fig. 4) serves to accommodate blocks 1 to 23 in it and on it and is made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, which minimizes the shading of the beams of the antennas of blocks 1, 5, 6 and 10. These antennas are located at the ends stringers 24 of the CP 25 housing to minimize the weight and dimensions of the antenna-feeder and cable connections and the housing as a whole. Antennas on stringers 24 are placed in pairs - transmitting with transmitting, and receiving - with receiving, in order to improve electromagnetic compatibility in the course of their work.

The antennas of blocks 1, 5, 6 and 10 are marked (see Fig. 4) in accordance with the directions of the paths that they implement on the CP 25 for communication with subscribers U or D, or with CP neighbors 26 NW, N, NE, SE, S or SW.

CP 25 interacts with CP neighbors 26 and operates as follows.

Launched into orbit, CP 25 on the solar sensor 19 is oriented by the orientation unit 18 (see Fig. 5) to the sun, and continues to fly on the sunny side of the Earth, continuing to orient to the sun. When moving into the shade, the orientation unit 18 works out the position of the relay satellite according to the signals of the navigation unit 20 until it returns to the illuminated side of the Earth. At the same time, the scanning areas of the inter-satellite beams 27 of the satellite 24 are oriented towards the CP neighbors 26. The CP neighbors 26 exchange service messages with the CP 25 bearing data from each CP neighbor 26 to the CP 25 and point their optical antennas in accordance with these data.

It is possible to place CPs in layers, i.e. at different heights. In FIG. 5 shows one layer consisting of CP 25 and CP neighbors 26.

The CP neighbors 26 are connected to the CP 25 by optical transceiver paths in a hexagonal pattern (see FIG. 6). In the orbital plane of CP 25 - to the north and south, in neighboring planes to the west - SW and NW and to the east SE and NE, which allows you to fend off failures of CP - neighbors 25 by bypassing failed paths.

The CP 25 continues to communicate with the CP neighbors 26 until all inter-satellite paths fail (see FIG. 7). The failed paths are marked with an "X" and correspond to situations from "all paths up" to "all paths failed". If CP 25 fails, its CP neighbors 26 can serve its subscribers if their service areas overlap the CP 25 area (for example, with a double overlap), and bypass the failed CP 25 when relaying. Similarly, the scenario is carried out in case of failure of any of the CP neighbors 26.

If service messages cease to arrive along the optical path (beam) 28 from the CP - neighbor 26 (for example, in case of failure), CP 25 continues to search for it with beam 28 for a given time interval, after which it considers this satellite to be failed, and block 21 in As part of the CP 25, it issues the corresponding code to the shaper 22. At the same time, the CP 25 generates a block 21 on the other non-failed CP neighbors 25 and sends a notification (a service message of the corresponding content in the “information about health” field) that the direction to the failed satellite 25 is blocked, in order for neighboring satellites to rebuild the operation of their multiplexer units 4.

The CP 25 also ensures communication continuity when its orbit is crossed by CP neighbors 26 (see FIG. 8), while it operates as follows.

CP 25, when approaching and then removing the CP neighbor 26, in order to ensure the continuity of inter-satellite communication, switches the antennas of block 9 or block 10 (see Fig. 4) from one antenna of block 9 (block 10) to another antenna of block 9 ( block 10). In this case, the sector 33 of the antenna 91 is covered by the sector 34 of the antenna 9 ₂ , and the latter - by the sector 31 of the antenna 9 ₃ . There are other options for transferring communication from one scanning area to another. For the CP-neighbor 26, in this case, the continuity of communication with the CP 25 is ensured, regardless of the speed values and the sign of the change in its angular velocity with respect to the CP 25. code from block 15.

Switching unit 3 works as follows.

The switching unit 3 includes a number of cascades of switching elements 32 connected in series, as in the example (see Fig. 9) according to the principle: the first cascade "through one element 32", the second cascade "from the extreme element 32 to the central", the third cascade "with neighboring element 32". The number of elements, cascades and the alternation of connection principles may vary depending on the number of paths (for example, in a hexagonal scheme there are 8 of them, in an orthogonal 6)

On each stage, element 32 redirects the sequence to element 32 of the next stage in accordance with the value of the bit that became the head after the previous bit was deleted on the previous stage.

The example (see Fig. 9) shows that from the sequence "10010" at the output "N" of the switching unit 3 was bit "1".

The leading edge of the head bit of the message header code group enters one of the two inputs of the switching element 32 (see Fig. 10) and switches the input to which it arrived to one of the two outputs of this element 32, depending on the value of the head bit. Due to the finite response time of element 32, the head bit is not transmitted further, but the remaining message sequence is transmitted. In the example in FIG. 10 shows that when the value of the head bit is zero, the input is connected to the output of the same name, and when the value is one, to the opposite one. However, a version with reverse logic is possible (with 0 - the opposite, with 1 - the output of the same name).

For example (see Table 1), there is a correspondence between the header codes, in accordance with which the operation of the switching unit 3 can be carried out. The vertical indicates the input from where the head group of the header code comes from, the horizontal shows the output where the message arrives without this group.

The switching element 32 switches the message from the input to the specified output and operates as follows (see Fig. 11).

The message arrives at the first input of element 32. The front of the head bit (from the head group of the header code) arrives at the first input of the "AND" element 33 and starts the strobe shaper 34, which recognizes this rising edge and forms a strobe that is fed to the second input of the first element "AND "33. The first input of the "AND" element 33 continues to receive the head bit (not the front, but the whole bit) of the head group of message header codes, which, passing one of the bandpass filters 35 (if this bit is 0) or 36 (if this bit equal to 1) puts the flip-flop 37 in the state S (if filter 35 is passed) or in the state R (if filter 36 is passed). Further, the output potential of the output S or R of the trigger is supplied to the first input of the second element "AND" 38 or the third element "AND" 39 and the message is sent to the first or second output of the switching element 32, in accordance with which of the outputs of the trigger 37 is activated. The message passes to the output of the switching element as long as the flip-flop 37 is in the S (or R) state or until the first AND element 33 closes due to the completion of the strobe (which will end when the bit of the final group of message codes occurs). In this case, due to the finite response time of the element "AND" 33, bandpass filters 35 (or 36) and flip-flop 37, the head bit is not transmitted further.

When the trailing edge of a bit from the final group of message codes appears, it (the trailing edge) is recognized by the strobe shaper 34 and completes the strobe feed to the first "AND" element 33. Retransmission of the message is completed.

Instead of rising and falling edges, predetermined bit sequences can also be used for recognition.

Similarly, the operation of the switching element occurs for the case when the message arrives at the second input of the element 32. This involves the element "AND" 33 ₂ strobe shaper 34 ₂ , bandpass filters 35 ₂ or 36 ₂ , trigger 37 ₂ and the elements "AND" - 38 ₂ or 39 ₂ .

The strobe shaper 34 (34 ₂ ) performs recognition of the leading and trailing edges of the head and tail bits and operates as follows (see Fig. 12).

Signals in the form of a serial code are fed to the inputs of registers 40 and 46 continuously and are written to register 40 (register 46 is locked) with constant updating of the contents according to the stack principle (first in - first out). The leading edge of the head bit of the group of message header codes is recognized by the comparator 42 as a result of comparing the contents of the register 40 and the memory 41, after which the output signal of the comparator 42 switches the trigger 43 to the state S and at the output of the strobe shaper 34 (34 ₂ ), the leading edge of the strobe appears and , then - the strobe itself. At the same time, the output signal of the comparator 42 starts the generator with start and stop synchronization 44, which locks register 40 through the inverse synchronization input, simultaneously resetting it through the inverse input, and unlocking and applying a clock signal to the clock input of register 46, where the incoming message bit sequence begins to be written . The phased loop loop (PLL) 45 adjusts the frequency of the oscillator 44 in accordance with the Doppler shift of the incoming bit sequence.

The trailing edge of the final bit of the message is recognized by the comparator 48 as a result of comparing the contents of register 46 and memory 47, after which the comparator 48 issues a signal to transfer trigger 43 to state R, completing the strobe and locking register 46, as well as resetting it, through the corresponding synchronization inputs and reset, simultaneously unlocking register 40.

Multiplexer block 4 operates as follows (see Fig. 13).

The block of multiplexers 4 consists of multiplexers 48. From one of the outputs of the switching block 3, a message in the form of a serial code, one of the outputs U ... D of the group SF1 arrives at the input of the SF1 group of the same name of each of the multiplexers 48 of the block 4. From the outputs of the group SF2 of the encoder 23 the control parallel code A ₀ ...A _k enters the group of inputs SF2 of each of the multiplexers 48 of block 4. In accordance with the control code from the encoder 23, the serial code enters the output Y _U or Y _D , Y _NW , Y _N , Y _NE , Y _SE , Y _S , Y _SW of one of the multiplexers 48 of block 4.

The multiplexer unit 4 switches the output of the switching unit 3 in connection with the change of zones CP X ₀ , Y ₀ , CP neighbors X _i , Y _i and failures of the CP neighbors, since the control code of the encoder 23 is generated by parallel codes from the navigation unit 20 and the signal conditioner blocking 22.

The serial message code from the corresponding output Y _U or Y _D , Y _NW , Y _N , Y _NE , Y _SE , Y _S , Y _SW block 4 is fed to the transmitter input of the subscriber transmitter block 5 and further, through the antenna block 6 subscriber antennas - to the recipient subscriber, or, at the input of the transmitter of block 7 of inter-satellite transmitters and further, through the modulator of block 8 and the antenna of block 9, the direction arrives at the neighboring CP 26. At the CP-neighbor 26, these operations are repeated, and so on until the message reaches AP.

The navigation unit 20 operates as follows.

CP 25 moves relative to the Earth's surface (see Fig. 14) from one zone to another (the number of zones corresponds to the number of CP 25 and 26 in the satellite constellation, consisting of these CP 25 and 26), its navigation unit 20 calculates the coordinates of CP 25, forms the code corresponding to the index of the zone (see Table 2) served by the CP 25 and sends this code to the encoder 23, to the service message generating unit 12, and to the orientation unit 22. FIG. 10a shows an example when the inclination of the CP orbits is 90 degrees, the CP constellation consists of 98 CPs uniformly distributed in 7 planes of orbits with a height of 650 km, 14 CPs per plane in a hexagonal pattern. Accordingly, in the example (see Fig. 10a), the service areas are indexed from 101 to 114 ... from 701 to 714 by plane numbers (head digit from 1 to 7) and by CP number in the plane (from 01 to 14). If the constellation of CPs 25 and 26 includes CPs in orbits of different heights, then a CP in a higher orbit will serve several CP zones in lower orbits at once. Accordingly, its navigation unit 20 will issue the codes of these zones.

The lock signal generator 22 operates as follows.

The blocking signal generator 22 includes a memory device, the inputs of which receive and write to the corresponding areas of this memory device a code about empty or non-empty areas from the service message generation unit 21, after which the generator 22 generates a parallel code (see Table 3) corresponding to empty and non-empty areas of its memory, to control the operation of the encoder 23. Table 3 shows which code corresponds to empty or non-empty areas and which paths are blocked by the blocking signal generator 22 through the encoder 23.

The encoder 23, by the code of the blocking signal generator and by the received code of the navigation unit 20, issues a control code (see Fig. 13) to the group of inputs SF2 of the multiplexer unit 4 in accordance with the failures of the CP neighbors 26 and in accordance with the current position of the CP 25.

The code issued by the shaper 22 (see table 3) to control the encoder 23 corresponds to the absence of records in the memory segments of the shaper 22, marked for X ₀ Y ₀ ...X ₆ Y ₆ signs "+". In this case, transmissions to the NW or N, NE, SE, S, SW paths are blocked, respectively (shown by "x" signs), and the message is redirected to the non-failed path.

If the CP 25 is unable to send a message over the U or D path, a neighbor CP 26 whose coverage area overlaps the CP's coverage area can do so.

Block generating service messages 21 operates as follows (see Fig. 15).

In the corresponding group of registers of the register block 51, through the parallel-serial register 49, according to the clock pulses of the clock generator 50, data from the navigation block 20 about the coordinates of the CP 25 is recorded. Also, according to the clock pulses of the block 50, data about the coordinates of the CP neighbors 26 from the control and selection unit modulators 15, through the corresponding areas of the 2nd memory block 53, are written to other groups of registers of the register block 51. The total code from the register block 51 enters the 1st memory block 52, where the clock pulses of the block 50 form a serial code of the service message CP 25 for block BOVUS-S 16 and register US 17 and for its transmission through the control unit and selection of modulators 15 and further, through the switching unit 3 to neighboring CP 25, as well as the parallel code arriving at the inputs of the shaper 22, which, in its queue.

The serial code of the service message from the output of block 21 can enter the switching unit 3 either at a specially dedicated input, or at one of the inputs intended for communication with subscribers or with CP neighbors 25, for example, at input U or input N.

The control unit and selection of modulators 15 operates as follows (see Fig. 16).

Block 15 sets the code for block 8 to select the antenna from block 9 and set the pointing angle for it, or the search mode for the CP neighbor 25.

The first input of the block generating the control signal 54 receives a serial code of the correction pointing, allocated by the block for extracting the code of the correction pointing 55 from the service message code received from the signal extractor 12. The signal from the solar sensor 19 is sent to the second input of the block 54. The third inputs of the block 54 receives a parallel code from the bearing signal analyzer 15, the fourth inputs of which receive a parallel code from the US register 17.

At the output of block 54, control signals are generated in the form of a parallel code, which are fed to the modulator 8 and to the block for generating the guidance correction code 56.

The codes at the first, second and third inputs of block 54 allow modulator 8 to set the direction of beam 28 to the CP neighbor 26. The code at the fourth inputs of block 54 corresponds to the angular velocity of movement of the neighboring CP neighbor 26 relative to CP 25 and allows modulator 8 to select antenna 9 ₁ or 9 ₂ or 9 ₃ block 9 (or 10, if we are talking about receiving antennas), which will provide communication with the CP neighbor 26 in the area of the intersection of the orbits of CP 25 and CP neighbor 26 (see Fig. 8), as well as set the initial the direction of its beam 28 before this antenna, for example, in sector 30, after sector 29 continues to track the CP neighbor 26.

The pointing correction code generating block 56 generates a serial code at the output (see Fig. 16), which is fed to the first input of the register block 57, the second input of which receives a serial code from the service signal extractor 12.

The register block 57 generates and sends the serial code of the coordinates of the CP neighbor 26 to the block for generating service messages 21 from the received codes.

The block for determining the mutual angular velocities of the satellites (BOVUS-S) 16 operates as follows (see Fig. 17).

Unit 16 in CP 25 using the parallel code from the bearing signal analyzer unit 15 calculates the angular velocity of mutual movement of CP 25 and CP neighbor 26, which increases before crossing their orbits and then decreases. Block 16 also calculates the sign of the communication direction to the CP neighbor 26, which changes after the intersection of the orbits of the CP 25 and the CP neighbor 26. For this purpose, the code from the bearing signal analyzer block 15 received at the input of the delay block 59, with a delay of a given number of cycles is rewritten to the register block 60. The timing is carried out according to the signals from the block for generating service messages 12, which are distributed among the component parts of the block 16 by the local timing block 58. The code values of block 15 and the code from block 60 are processed by the block for generating a difference code 56, after which the processing results are received into the block for calculating the sign of the angular velocity 62 and into the block for calculating the module of the angular velocity 63. The codes of the sign and the module of the angular velocity generated by them from the outputs of the block 16 are sent to the register US 17 and then to the corresponding inputs of the block for generating the control signal 54.

The control signal generation unit 54 operates as follows (see Fig. 18)

The signal from the solar sensor 19 is fed to the input of the register of the solar sensor (SD) 64 and then to the first inputs of the shaper of the control code 67. ) 17 are fed to the second inputs of the shaper 67. The bearing signal from the bearing signal analyzer unit 15 is fed to the input of the bearing signal register (SP) 65 and then to the third inputs of the shaper 54. pointing correction code (CTC) 66 and further - in the form of a parallel code - to the fourth inputs of the shaper 67. From the received parallel codes, the control code generator 67 generates control signals, which are then sent to the inputs of the modulator block 8 and the block for generating the pointing correction code 56.

Literature

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2097926, H04V 7/185, priority dated 19.04.94,

2. RF patent No. 2673460, H04V 7/185, priority dated 11/20/17.

Claims (1)

Relay satellite, including a block of receiving subscriber antennas, a block of subscriber receivers, a switching block, a block of subscriber transmitters and a block of transmitting subscriber antennas connected in series, a block of receiving inter-satellite antennas, a block of inter-satellite receivers, a block for extracting service signals, a block for extracting a bearing signal, a block bearing signal analyzers, a control unit and selection of modulators, a block for generating service messages and a generator of blocking signals, a sun sensor and an orientation unit connected in series, to the second inputs of which and a control unit and selection of modulators a navigation unit is connected, characterized in that it contains a unit of multiplexers a switch connected in series to the switching unit, to the first, second and third inputs of which the outputs of the block of inter-satellite receivers, the block of subscriber receivers and the unit for generating service messages are connected, the switching unit is made in the form of a number of cascades of switching elements, the outputs of the last cascade are connected to the first inputs of the multiplexer block , to the second inputs of the latter, through the encoder, the outputs of the navigation block and the shaper of blocking signals, the switching elements of the switching block with two independent inputs and two outputs are connected, with each input connected in series the first element AND, two band-pass filters connected to opposite inputs of the trigger, and the second and the third AND elements, the first inputs of which are connected to the trigger outputs of different names, the second inputs are connected to the corresponding input of the switching element, and the outputs are combined with the outputs of the third and fourth AND elements, the second inputs of which are connected to another input of the switching element through the fifth AND element, the second inputs of the first and the fifth element AND are connected to the corresponding independent input of the switching element through the strobe shaper, the latter contains two pairs of serially connected register and comparator connected to its input, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of storage devices, the outputs of the comparators are connected to the opposite inputs of the trigger and the opposite inputs of the generator with start and stop synchronization, to the control input of which a phased-locked loop is connected, and the output is connected to the synchronization inputs of the registers of each group, the body of the repeater satellite is made in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid, and the transmitting antennas are placed at opposite ends of the stringers connecting the opposite sides of the body, similarly receiving antennas are placed.

Images