RU2792492C1 - Wind-photo-electric complex with pneumatic solar tracker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hybrid electrical systems.

SUBSTANCE: advantage of using the device is increased power generation of the wind-photovoltaic complex due to the low pressure reservoir, which allows to accumulate energy in the form of compressed air, as well as a pneumatic solar tracker, which ensures the orientation of the photovoltaic panel to the Sun.

EFFECT: increased generation of electricity by the wind-photovoltaic complex.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hybrid electrical systems that generate electrical energy due to wind turbines and photovoltaic panels oriented towards the sun.

Known energy-storage plant for heating greenhouses (USSR author's certificate No. 1687113, publ. 03/03/1989), including solar panels mounted on reinforced concrete supports, and a wind turbine connected through an inverter and a voltage converter with an atmospheric air compressor. The compressor communicates through an air duct with a pneumatic accumulator and a heat exchanger located inside the thermal accumulator. A reducer is installed at the outlet of the pneumatic accumulator, and a check valve is installed at the outlet of the hydraulic accumulator. During the operation of the installation, the energy of solar radiation and wind is converted into heat and energy of compressed air, accumulated in the tanks of the pneumatic accumulator and heat exchanger.

The disadvantage of the device is the supports on which the solar panels are rigidly fixed, which does not provide an increase in the production of solar panels by tracking the Sun. Another disadvantage is the electric drive of the compressor, which reduces the efficiency of the device due to multiple energy conversion: during the operation of the wind turbine, the mechanical energy of the wind wheel is converted into electrical energy, and then again into mechanical energy. In addition, the electrically driven compressor eliminates the possibility of compressing air at wind speeds that are lower than the turn-on speed of the wind turbine, as well as using the potential of wind energy at wind speeds greater than the nominal wind turbine.

A self-contained power supply protected from external influences is known (RF patent 2773678, publ. 06/07/2022), including a wind turbine mechanically connected to a multiplier, which is mechanically connected through a freewheel to a synchronous electric generator, flexible solar panels, a solar orientation device, a system for changing the angle attacks of wind turbine blades, a storage battery, a gas generator and a system for protecting solar panels and a wind turbine from external influences.

The disadvantage of the device is a solar orientation device that consumes electrical energy, which is especially critical with a large number of solar panels and adverse weather conditions. Another disadvantage of the device is flexible solar panels, and flexible telluride-cadmium solar panels contain toxic metals - cadmium and tellurium, and flexible solar panels made from other materials have a lower efficiency compared to silicon panels. Another disadvantage is the rechargeable battery, which has a limited total number of charge and discharge cycles, estimated at several thousand, and high temperature requirements, which reduces the service life and reliability of the device.

A device for storing compressed air in the support structure of a wind turbine is known (patent US 9581140, publ. 02/28/2017), including a wind turbine, a gas compressor configured to drive a wind turbine, and a support structure. The walls of the support structure form a chamber in communication with the gas compressor, the chamber being designed to store the gas compressed by the gas compressor. The generator is configured to generate electricity by expanding the compressed gas flowing from the chamber.

The disadvantage is the generator, the mechanical energy of which is transferred from a wind turbine or from a compressed gas storage chamber, while the optimal parameters of the generator for the two indicated cases will differ. Another disadvantage of the device is that at least one wind turbine is used as a power source, which, under conditions of significant solar radiation potential, does not provide a high degree of autonomy of the device.

A hybrid system for generating electricity from sources of solar thermal and wind energy is known (patent WO 2013160897, published on October 31, 2013), which includes a wind turbine power generation system, an air compression system, an energy storage system in compressed air, heliostats, and a thermal power generation system. Heliostats are configured to receive sunlight and reflect it into air receivers that are part of a thermal power generation system. The air compression system is electrically connected to the power generation system of the wind turbine and is powered by the electricity generated from it.

The disadvantage of the device is the electric drive of the compressor, which excludes the possibility of compressing air at wind speeds lower than the wind turbine turn-on speed. Also, the electric drive of the compressor does not allow using the potential of wind energy at a wind speed greater than the nominal speed of the wind turbine wind wheel, when the generation of electric energy by the wind turbine is equal to the nominal value and does not increase with the wind speed anymore. In addition, the electric drive of the compressor reduces the efficiency of the device due to multiple energy conversion: during the operation of the wind turbine, the mechanical energy of the wind wheel is converted into electrical energy, and then again into mechanical energy.

An autonomous source of power supply based on a wind power plant is known (RF patent 2614451, publ. 03/28/2017), adopted as a prototype, including a wind power plant mounted on a support tower, mechanically connected to an electric generator and a booster compressor, connected by a pipeline to a high-pressure reservoir, a turbo expander , a compressor mechanically connected to the wind power plant, an electric generator mechanically connected to the turboexpander, a low-pressure tank located in the support tower, inside which a high-pressure tank is coaxially placed.

The disadvantage of the device is the low-pressure tank, the body of which is formed by the walls of the support tower, which makes it difficult to access the equipment in the nacelle of the wind power plant without losing the potential energy of the compressed gas. Another disadvantage is that at least one wind power plant is used as a power source, which, under conditions of a significant solar radiation potential, does not provide a high degree of autonomy of the device.

The technical result is to increase the generation of electricity by the wind-photovoltaic complex.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that an additional gearbox is installed, on the output shaft of which a braking module is fixed, while the input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft of the wind wheel, and its output shaft is connected to the input shaft of the distributor drive, a hole is made in the upper part of the nacelle, into which an air intake is installed, electromagnetic valves and a pressure relief valve are installed on the low pressure tank, which are connected through pipelines by a turbo expander and a tracker control unit, which is installed in a rotary module on a rack, while the rotary modules are connected for rotation with photovoltaic panels, which are connected through a cable to each other with a friend and with a converter unit, which is connected to electric generators, while the tracker control unit is connected via an information cable to a weather station, and through a pipeline - to pneumatic cylinders, the first pneumatic cylinder is connected to a lever system, which is connected dinena through a hinge with a photoelectric panel, the second pneumatic cylinder is connected through a mechanical transmission to the rotary module.

A wind-photovoltaic complex with a pneumatic solar tracker is illustrated by the following figure:

fig. 1 - diagram of a wind-photovoltaic complex with a pneumatic solar tracker;

fig. 2 - pneumatic solar tracker, where:

1 - support tower;

2 - wind wheel;

3 - reducer;

4 – braking module;

5 - drive-distributor;

6 - electric generator;

7 - compressor;

8 - pipeline;

9 – low pressure tank;

10 – turbo expander;

11 - gondola;

12 - solenoid valve;

13 - air intake;

14 - weather station;

15 - information cable;

16 - photovoltaic panel;

17 - stand;

18 - rotary module;

19 - cable;

20 - converter block;

21 - pressure relief valve;

22 - hinge;

23 - lever system;

24 - pneumatic cylinder;

25 - mechanical transmission;

26 - bearing assembly;

27 - tracker control unit.

The wind-photovoltaic complex with a pneumatic solar tracker includes a support tower 1 (Fig. 1), on which a movable gondola 11 is installed. A hole is made in the upper part of the gondola 11, into which an air intake 13 is installed. An axial hole is made in the end part of the gondola 11, through which the output shaft of the wind wheel 2 is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 3 installed inside the nacelle 11. The brake module 4 is installed on the output shaft of the gearbox 3. The output shaft of the gearbox 3 is connected to the input shaft of the distributor drive 5. The first output shaft of the distributor drive 5 is connected to the shaft the first electric generator 6 installed in the nacelle 11, and the second output shaft - with the shaft of the compressor 7. The compressor 7 is connected to the low pressure tank 9 by means of a pipeline 8. A pressure relief valve 21 and solenoid valves 12 are installed on the low pressure tank 9. The first solenoid valve 12 is connected to the turboexpander 10 by means of a pipeline 8. The output shaft of the turbodetender andera 10 is connected to the shaft of the second electric generator 6. The electric generators 6 are connected to the converter unit 20 by means of cables 19. The converter unit 20 is connected to the photovoltaic panels 16 by means of a cable 19. Each photovoltaic panel 16 is mounted on the rotary module 18 by means of a hinge 22. The rotary module 18 is movably fixed on the rack 17 with the help of the bearing assembly 26 (Fig. 2). In the rotary module 18, a tracker control unit 27 is installed, which is connected to the second solenoid valve 12 with the help of a pipeline 8, and with the help of an information cable 15 to the weather station 14. The converter unit 22 is connected to the network of electricity consumers. The tracker control unit 27 is connected to the pneumatic cylinders 24 by means of a pipeline 8, the first of which is installed in the rotary module 18, and the second one is installed inside the rack 17. The power supply is installed in the tracker control unit 27 (not shown in the figure). The first pneumatic cylinder 24 is connected by means of a lever system 23 to the hinge 22 fixed on the photovoltaic panel 16. The second pneumatic cylinder 24 is connected to a mechanical transmission 25, which is connected to the rotary module 18. The mechanical transmission 25 is movably fixed on the rack 17 using a bearing assembly ( not shown in figure).

The device works as follows. The wind wheel 2 rotates under the influence of the wind flow, transmitting torque to the input shaft of the gearbox 3 installed inside the nacelle 11, movable relative to the vertical axis and mounted on the support tower 1. The output shaft of the gearbox 3 drives the input shaft of the drive-distributor 5, which provides transmission torque to the shaft of the electric generator 6 installed in the nacelle 11, or the shaft of the compressor 7. When the torque is transmitted to the shaft of the electric generator 6, the electric generator 6 generates electricity transmitted via cable 19 to the converter unit 20. The compressor 7 is installed in the upper part of the nacelle 11 and is connected with an air intake 13, which ensures the compression of atmospheric air during the transfer of torque to the compressor shaft 7 and its subsequent transmission through the pipeline 8 to the low pressure tank 9. When the first solenoid valve 12 is opened, the compressed air from the low pressure tank 9 through the pipeline 8 enters the turbodet der 10, where the potential energy of the compressed gas is converted into the kinetic energy of the output shaft of the turboexpander 10. The output shaft of the turboexpander 10 transmits torque to the shaft of the electric generator 6, which generates electricity transmitted via cable 19 to the converter unit 20.

Photovoltaic panels 16 generate electricity under the influence of solar radiation. Each photovoltaic panel is fixed on the rotary module 18 by means of a hinge 22. The rotary module 18 is movably mounted on the rack 17 due to the bearing assembly 26 with the possibility of rotation in the azimuthal plane. The rotary module 18 orients the photovoltaic panels 16 to the Sun due to the energy of compressed air coming from the second electromagnetic valve 12 through the pipeline 8 to the tracker control unit 27, fixed in the rotary module 18. Control signals to the tracker control unit 27 are received via an information cable 15 s weather station 14. Compressed air from the output of the tracker control unit 27 is supplied to the pneumatic cylinders 24. The first pneumatic cylinder 24, when compressed air is supplied, actuates the lever system 23, which is connected by means of a hinge 22 to the photoelectric panel 16. The second pneumatic cylinder 24 actuates mechanical transmission 25, which is connected to the rotary module 18. The mechanical transmission 25 can be connected to the second pneumatic cylinder 24 by means of a worm-and-pinion gear, and to the rotary module 18 by means of a cylindrical helical gear, which will ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism. Electricity from photovoltaic panels 16 is transmitted to the conversion unit 20 using cable 19. The conversion unit 20 provides tracking of the maximum power point of the wind-photovoltaic complex, coordination of heterogeneous generation sources and compliance of power quality indicators with the requirements.

To brake the wind wheel 2 upon reaching the maximum rotation speed determined for a given wind power plant (wind turbine), as well as to ensure emergency braking and stopping, a brake module 4 is provided in the nacelle 11 on the output shaft of the gearbox 3. To limit the pressure in the low pressure tank 9 pressure relief valve 21 installed.

The wind-photovoltaic complex with a pneumatic solar tracker operates in the following mode. If the wind speed is less than the minimum wind speed determined for a given wind turbine, the distributor drive 5 transfers torque to the compressor shaft 7, due to which the energy of the wind flow lost when using a wind turbine of a classical design is stored in the form of compressed air. If the wind speed is greater than the minimum wind speed, it becomes possible to generate electrical energy due to the electric generator 6 installed in the nacelle 11. In this case, the distributor drive 6 transfers torque to the shaft of the electric generator 6. At the same time, it remains possible to accumulate energy in the form of compressed in the tank low pressure 9 air, which is ensured by the transfer of torque either only to the shaft of the compressor 7, or simultaneously to the shaft of the electric generator 6 and the shaft of the compressor 7. If the wind speed exceeds the nominal wind speed determined for this wind turbine, the distributor drive 5 transfers torque simultaneously on the shaft of the electric generator 6 and the shaft of the compressor 7. At the same time, the electric generator 6 outputs power to the consumer's network, and the compressor 7 ensures the accumulation of electricity lost when using a wind turbine of a classical design. When the low-pressure tank 9 is filled with a nominal volume of air, automatically monitored using a pressure gauge (not shown in the figure), the pressure relief valve 21 opens. compressed gas in the low pressure tank 9, necessary for the orientation of photovoltaic panels 16 to the Sun for a given number of hours. When the volume of compressed gas in the low-pressure tank 9 decreases to a minimum level, the operation of the turboexpander 10 and the electric generator 6 connected to it is stopped, and the operation of the rotary module 18 is guaranteed to be ensured for a specified time.

The advantage of using the device is to increase the power generation of the wind-photovoltaic complex due to the low pressure reservoir, which allows to accumulate energy in the form of compressed air, as well as a pneumatic solar tracker, which ensures the orientation of the photovoltaic panel to the Sun.

Claims (1)

A wind-photovoltaic complex with a pneumatic solar tracker, containing a support tower, a wind wheel, a distributor drive, electric generators, a compressor, pipelines, a low-pressure tank, a turbo expander, a nacelle, and the support tower is connected to the nacelle, the output shaft of the distributor drive is connected to the shaft an electric generator and a compressor shaft, which is connected by a pipeline to a low-pressure reservoir, the output shaft of the turboexpander is connected to the shaft of the electric generator, characterized in that a gearbox is additionally installed, on the output shaft of which a braking module is fixed, while the input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft of the wind wheel, and its output shaft is connected to the input shaft of the drive-distributor, in the upper part of the nacelle there is a hole in which the air intake is installed, electromagnetic valves and a pressure relief valve are installed on the low pressure tank, which are connected through pipelines by a turbo expander and a track control unit rum, which is installed in the rotary module on the rack, while the rotary modules are connected for rotation with photovoltaic panels, which are connected via cable to each other and to the converter unit, which is connected to the power generators, while the tracker control unit is connected via an information cable to the weather station , and through a pipeline - with pneumatic cylinders, the first pneumatic cylinder is connected to a lever system, which is connected through a hinge to a photovoltaic panel, the second pneumatic cylinder is connected through a mechanical transmission to a rotary module.

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