RU2791216C2 - Magnetic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to magnetic separation and is intended for cleaning various bulk materials from magnetically susceptible impurities contained in them: particles of corrosion and wear of equipment, scale, consequences of metalworking, repair, maintenance. The magnetic separator consists of a system of permanent magnets adjacent to the ferromagnetic plate and ferromagnetic pole teeth immersed in the flow of the separated material. Permanent magnets are located between the ferromagnetic plate and the teeth. The pole surface of each of the magnets is aligned with the base of the tooth. Adjacent magnets are oriented to the plate with opposite poles, creating local magnetic contours that include the body of the plate, adjacent magnets and the corresponding teeth. The thickness of the plate is selected based on the condition $$$ , where B is induction on the surface of the magnet, S is the area of the pole surface of the magnet, [B] is the technologically permissible induction of the magnetic field in the metal of the magnetic core, corresponds to the value of induction that does not reach the magnetic saturation region of the metal of the magnetic core, D is the diameter of the magnet.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of the magnetic separator.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to magnetic separation and is intended for cleaning various bulk materials from magnetically susceptible impurities contained in them (particles of corrosion and wear of equipment, scale, consequences of metalworking, repair, maintenance, etc.).

Many magnetic separators are known from the prior art, the common features of which are that they contain a magnetic system (magnets or coils with cores) and magnetic circuit elements facing the flow of the separated medium (see, for example: patent RU 2513946 C1, publication date: 20.04. 2014, patent RU 52741 U1, publication date 04/27/2006, patent RU 38122 U1, publication date: 03/24/2004, etc.)

A common disadvantage of these devices is that they do not have magnetic field concentrators immersed in the medium being separated. Thus, while providing magnetic capture of only relatively large magnetically susceptible impurities passing near the working part of the magnetic circuit elements, magnetic capture of relatively small impurities, as well as large impurities passing away from the working part of the magnetic circuit, is not ensured. This does not allow achieving high separation efficiency.

A magnetic separator is known [patent RU 2211732 C1, publication date: 09/10/2003], which contains a magnetic system with extended (in the direction of movement of the separated medium) ferromagnetic magnetic field concentrators (comb-type concentrators) protruding beyond the limits of the magnetic blocks into the working separation zone , and the height of the concentrators varies along the length of the magnetic system.

This device has the disadvantage that the adjacent comb elements of the magnetic circuits (hubs) protruding into the magnetic separation zone form troughs in the direction of the medium flow, which causes constrained movement of the separated medium, reduces the flow area and does not contribute to the desired (during the implementation of magnetic separation) mixing environment. This complicates the capture of magneto-susceptible impurities by the elements of the magnetic circuit, especially those that are equidistant from adjacent elements of the magnetic circuit.

Also known is a magnetic separator [patent RU 2197330 C2, publication date: 01/27/2003], containing a closed circuit with magnetization blocks and located in the working zone of separation extended (in the direction of movement of the separated medium) comb elements of the magnetic circuit (ferromagnetic hubs) wedge-shaped in the form of ribs .

This device has the same disadvantage as the previous one.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a magnetic separator [patent RU 2116838 C1, publication date: 10.08.1998]. It includes two working bodies, each of which consists of a system of permanent magnets and is adjacent to a ferromagnetic plate, as well as ferromagnetic pole teeth (in the form of truncated pyramids), immersed in the flow of the separated medium and contributing to its mixing - at an increased (in comparison with mentioned analogues) flow section in the separation zone.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is that the teeth are unipolar magnetic concentrators (in each of the two working bodies of the separator), which prevents the creation of transverse magnetic fluxes in the spaces between adjacent teeth and the emergence of high-intensity (by magnetic flux) impurity capture zones. As a consequence, this negatively affects the separation efficiency. In addition, unreasonably large (and uneconomical) is the system of permanent magnets adjacent to the ferromagnetic plate along its entire plane, and not locally - in the places where the teeth are concentrated, designed to play the main role in capturing impurities.

The objective of the invention is to improve the efficiency and economy of the magnetic separator.

где B - индукция на поверхности магнита, S - площадь полюсной поверхности магнита, [B] - технологически допустимая индукция магнитного поля в теле магнитопровода (соответствует значению индукции, не достигающей области магнитного насыщения металла магнитопровода), D - диаметр магнита. Это условие, необходимое для создания магнитного потока между смежными зубцами (при работе тела ферромагнитной пластины в режиме, далеком от магнитного насыщения), следует из соответствия магнитного потока, создаваемого магнитом, т.е.

магнитному потоку, проходящему преимущественно по участку тела пластины сечением δ⋅D, т.е.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a magnetic separator (toothed) permanent magnets are located between the ferromagnetic plate and the teeth, and the pole surface of each of the magnets is aligned with the base of the tooth, and adjacent magnets are oriented to the plate with opposite poles, creating local magnetic circuits, including the body of the plate , adjacent magnets and corresponding prongs. In this case, the thickness of the ferromagnetic plate δ is selected from the condition:

where B is the induction on the surface of the magnet, S is the area of the pole surface of the magnet, [B] is the technologically permissible induction of the magnetic field in the body of the magnetic core (corresponds to the value of the induction that does not reach the region of magnetic saturation of the metal of the magnetic core), D is the diameter of the magnet. This condition, which is necessary to create a magnetic flux between adjacent teeth (when the ferromagnetic plate body operates in a mode far from magnetic saturation), follows from the correspondence of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet, i.e.

to the magnetic flux passing predominantly through the section of the plate body with the cross section δ⋅D, i.e.

To reduce the resistance to the flow of the medium, increase the capacity of the separator, the teeth in the magnetic separator can be made in the form of cones or truncated cones. In this case, the teeth can be made of the same height, or different heights with decreasing height along the flow of the separated material.

The technical result that is achieved from the use of the invention lies in the fact that due to the described mutual arrangement of the elements of the magnetic circuit with the magnetization units (permanent magnets), the formation of local magnetic circuits is ensured, including the body of the plate, adjacent magnets and the corresponding teeth. At the same time, a system of branched magnetic circuits of alternating opposite direction is created within the working separation zone. Due to the creation of transversely directed magnetic fluxes in the spaces between adjacent teeth and the appearance of high-intensity (by magnetic flux) impurity trapping zones, an efficient operation mode of the separator is ensured. At the same time, its economy is also ensured - due to the targeted and rational arrangement of the magnets: according to the arrangement of the teeth.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the working area of a toothed magnetic separator: 1 - ferromagnetic plate, 2 - permanent magnet, 3 - concentrator (conical tooth), 4 - course of magnetic field lines (shown on the example of selected contour lines). In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of a toothed magnetic separator. 1 - ferromagnetic plate, 2 - permanent magnet, 3 - concentrator (conical tooth).

The magnetic separator works as follows. The separated medium passes through the separation zone, flowing around the teeth 3, docked to the permanent magnets 2, which are installed on the ferromagnetic plate 1. Due to the fact that the permanent magnets, the body of the plate and the teeth, immersed in the separated medium, create a number of magnetic circuits of the opposite direction (with the creation of transversely directed magnetic fluxes in the spaces between adjacent teeth), the separated medium passing between the teeth is exposed to an intense magnetic field, providing magnetic deposition of magnetically susceptible impurities on the teeth 3 and high efficiency, as well as the efficiency of magnetic separation.

The inventive step of the proposed device is confirmed by the distinctive part of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. Magnetic separator, consisting of a system of permanent magnets adjacent to the ferromagnetic plate, and ferromagnetic pole teeth immersed in the flow of the separated material, characterized in that the permanent magnets are located between the ferromagnetic plate and the teeth, and the pole surface of each of the magnets is aligned with the base of the tooth , and adjacent magnets are oriented to the plate with opposite poles, creating local magnetic circuits, including the body of the plate, adjacent magnets and corresponding teeth, while the plate thickness δ is selected from the condition:

where B is the induction on the surface of the magnet, S is the area of the pole surface of the magnet, [B] is the technologically permissible induction of the magnetic field in the metal of the magnetic core, corresponds to the value of the induction that does not reach the region of magnetic saturation of the metal of the magnetic core, D is the diameter of the magnet. 2. Magnetic separator according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that the teeth are made in the form of cones. 3. Magnetic separator according to paragraphs. 1, 3, characterized in that the teeth are made in the form of truncated cones. 4. Magnetic separator according to paragraphs. 1, 4, characterized in that the teeth are made of the same height. 5. Magnetic separator according to paragraphs. 1, 3, 4, characterized in that the teeth are made of different heights with decreasing height along the flow of the separated material.

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