RU2791170C1 - High pressure switch valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: high pressure gas systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for high pressure gas systems. Valve-switching channels of high pressure contains a body with one inlet and two outlet holes, and with a movable piston with a conical rod installed in the axial hole of the body, switching the outlet holes, one of the outlet holes is sealed with a destructible element. On the body, made of non-magnetic metal, there is a low-resistance winding fed by a pulsed current. The piston contains a permanent high-energy magnet, magnetized in the axial direction. The conical tip of the rod is made in one piece with a cylindrical base expanding towards the piston, forming a step interacting with the destructible element of the sealed outlet. Covered with a conical tip, the second outlet is equipped with a ductile metal sleeve.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at ensuring the tightness and reliability of operation of the valve-switch of high-pressure channels with the exclusion of the creation of significant (critical for the object of use) vibro-impact effects during operation.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is intended for high pressure gas systems.

Known valve-switch channels of high pressure - pyrovalve [RF patent №2421648, F16K 17/14, publ. 06/20/2011, bul. No. 17], containing a housing with inlet and outlet openings, with cavities separated by a jumper, in one of which a pyrochamber and a piston are placed on the same axis, equipped with a rod with a punch, a conical plug made in one piece with the rod, installed with the possibility of jamming in the mating conical seat made in the body cavity. The conical plug is made with a two-layer structure, and the jumper separating the cavities in the body is made in one piece with the body.

This valve provides reliable operation at high pressures.

The disadvantages of the known pyro valve include the complexity of the design, the increased accuracy of manufacturing the locking surfaces of the parts, the technological complexity in terms of ensuring the adhesion of the two-layer structure on conical surfaces, the increased force on the piston when the pyro valve is triggered, the possibility of the piston moving away during long exposure in the worked state, which will lead to to the loss of tightness of the "cut-off" channel.

Known valve-switch channels of high pressure - pyrovalve [RF patent №2362078, IPC F16K 17/14, publ. 07/20/2009], which contains a housing in which (in the control cavity) a pyrotechnic drive (pyrotechnic) and a piston are installed on the same axis, an element to be opened (inlet pipe) located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug (cut element) by welding .

Coaxially with the control cavity there is a side cavity with a coaxially opened element (inlet pipe) and an outlet pipe of the channel for supplying the working fluid (liquid or gas). The side cavity is equipped with an impact absorber and an additional piston with a blind channel, against the bottom of which a plug abuts.

Known pyrovalve provides channel protection from shear element (plug) or its fragments, which increases the reliability of its operation, and can be used for both gas and liquid systems.

However, it has a number of disadvantages, which still limit its scope and reduce reliability and tightness.

1) The inlet pipe (opened element), depending on the operating conditions, can be made:

- completely from stainless steel 12X18H10T;

- welded with a shear element (plug) made of aluminum alloy;

- prefabricated with a shear element (plug) made of PTFE.

The proposed execution of the inlet pipe (opened element) completely made of stainless steel does not exclude a decrease in its flow area when the valve is actuated due to the plasticity of steel 12X18H10T.

Welded with a shear element (plug) made of aluminum alloy, the execution of the inlet pipe (opened element) will cause technological difficulties in welding dissimilar materials (steel and aluminum alloy).

Prefabricated with a shear element (plug) made of PTFE, the execution of the inlet pipe (opened element) is complex in design and does not exclude the loss of tightness.

2) The shear element (plug) of the known pyro valve is destroyed mainly only by shear stresses, this circumstance will require increased effort generated by the pyro means.

3) The fluoroplastic and rubber materials used for sealing do not provide the necessary tightness - they do not exclude the breakthrough of high-temperature gas products from the actuation of the pyrotechnic, which can reduce the reliability of the known valve when actuated.

4) A significant number of parts known pyrovalve increases its cost and may also adversely affect its reliability.

5) The well-known pyrovalve requires additional sealing of the connection points of the inlet pipe (opened element) and the outlet pipe with the main of the object in which it is used, which can also impose restrictions on its use in critical systems where there are increased requirements for tightness, for example, from - due to the need to maintain increased pressure in the system for a very long time.

Known valve-switch channels high pressure pyrotechnic valve (options) [RF patent №2641789, IPC F16K 17/14, pub. 01/22/2018], which, according to the first version, contains a housing in which a piston is installed, which interacts with the opened element - a pipeline, when the valve is actuated, which is located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and is sealed with a plug by welding.

The valve provides high tightness in the initial state (before actuation) and reliable operation.

However, the valve provides only depressurization of the channels, while the channel connection zone has insufficient tightness. When the valve is actuated, it is not excluded that the combustion products of the pyrocomposition of the drive get into the channel switching zone.

Known valve-switch channels of high pressure - pyrovalve [RF patent No. 2289746, IPC F16K 17/14, publ. 20.12.2006], containing a body with one inlet and two outlet holes and with a piston with a conical rod (conical plug) installed in the axial hole of the body, one of the outlet holes is sealed with a destructible element in the form of a jumper. The jumper divides the housing cavity into volumes isolated from each other. A punch is installed on the stem from the jumper side, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the stem. The conical plug is placed between the rod and the piston, rigidly connected to the rod and installed with the possibility of jamming the reciprocal conical seat made in the housing cavity and separating the inlet and outlet holes.

Known pyrovalve when triggered provides a tight shutoff of one outlet and opening the second outlet with its connection to the inlet. The well-known pyro valve is considered as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the actuation of the pyro valve is ensured by the movement of the piston by the pyro means, the realized energy of which largely depends on the temperature conditions of the environment, manufacturing technology, storage conditions and terms. For this reason, to ensure reliable switching of high-pressure channels connected to the inlet and outlet openings, the power of the pyro means is selected with significant margins and, as a result, the operation of the pyro valve is accompanied by vibro-impact effects in the design of the object of use, which can lead to destruction of its structural elements, as well as cause failure of other instruments and devices used in the object of use.

Also, in the known pyro valve, when it is triggered, the combustion products of the pyro means can penetrate through the gaps between the piston and the housing wall into the area of the blocked outlet, which in some cases may limit the scope of the pyro valve.

In addition, to prevent the ingress of destroyed structural elements (when opening a plugged outlet) into gas lines with a possible overlap of their throughput sections, it is necessary to equip it with a special catcher, complicating the design of the pyro valve.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to ensure the tightness and reliability of the operation of the high-pressure channel switch with the exception of the creation of significant (critical for the object of use) vibro-impact effects during operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the valve-switching channels of high pressure, containing a body with one inlet and two outlet holes, and with a movable piston with a conical rod installed in the axial hole of the body, switching the outlet holes, one of the outlet holes is sealed with a destructible element, characterized by the fact that a low-resistance winding is placed on the body made of non-magnetic metal, powered by a pulsed current, and a permanent high-energy magnet magnetized in the axial direction is placed in the piston, while the conical tip of the rod is made in one piece with a cylindrical base expanding towards the piston, forming a step , interacting with the destructible element of the sealed outlet, and the second outlet, which is blocked by a conical tip, is equipped with a sleeve made of ductile metal.

The body is made of non-magnetic metal, as well as the use of a low-resistance winding powered by a pulsed current and the placement of a permanent high-energy magnet magnetized in the axial direction in the piston, which makes it possible to provide significant mechanical energy to the piston, sufficient to open a sealed (plugged) outlet and reliably seal the previously open outlet with the exception of the creation of significant (critical for the object of use) vibro-impact effects when triggered. At the same time, the channel switching zone is hermetically isolated from the external environment both before and after the high-pressure channel switch is activated.

Placing a permanent magnet in the piston also ensures the preservation of the initial state of the piston, and as a consequence of the inventive switch valve, during its operation before the current pulse is applied to the winding.

The execution of the conical tip of the rod in one piece with the cylindrical base expanding towards the piston, forming a step interacting with the destructible element of the sealed outlet, ensures reliable opening of the sealed outlet with limited piston energy, since the combined loading of the destructible element (shear and bend) is the most optimal to remove it.

Equipping the second outlet, which is closed by the conical tip of the piston, with a ductile metal bushing makes it possible to reduce the required closing force while ensuring reliable sealing of the outlet after the switch valve has actuated. Moreover, the increased pressure in the gas line will help maintain tightness.

Thus, the combination of all the above features creates the conditions for ensuring the tightness and reliability of the operation of the high-pressure channel switch with the exception of the creation of significant (critical for the object of use) vibro-impact effects during operation.

The presence in the claimed invention of the proposed set of features that significantly distinguish them from the prototype, allows us to consider it corresponding to the condition of "novelty".

New features have not been identified in technical solutions of a similar purpose. On this basis, it can be concluded that the claimed invention complies with the "inventive step" condition.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the valve-switching channels of high pressure in the initial state (in section).

In FIG. 2 is a general view of the valve-switch of high-pressure channels in the actuated state.

The device is made as follows.

The high-pressure channel switch valve (Fig. 1) consists of a body 1 and a movable piston 2 with a rod installed in its cylindrical axial hole. The housing has one inlet 3 and two outlets. One of the outlet holes 4 is sealed with a destructible element in the form of a plug 5. The rod is made stepped with a conical tip 6, made in one piece with a cylindrical base 7 expanding towards the piston, forming a step interacting with the plug 5. The conical tip 6 of the rod is installed with the possibility of overlapping the second outlet 8 provided with a sleeve 9 made of ductile metal, such as nickel. The bushing 9 is hermetically soldered into the hole 8 on its output section. On the body 1 there is a winding 10 made of a wire of considerable cross section and, as a result, having a small ohmic resistance and inductance, as a result of which, when a pulsed current is applied to it, the piston 2 moves with significant acceleration, ensuring the transfer of mechanical energy to it, sufficient to open and sealing corresponding 4, 8 outlets. The piston 2 is placed high-energy, such as samarium-cobalt, permanent magnet 11, magnetized in the axial direction. The use of the specified magnet excludes its demagnetization during operation of the inventive high-pressure channel switch valve from external electromagnetic fields, as well as from supplying reverse polarity voltage to the winding 6. The conical shape of the stem tip 6 and the ductile metal sleeve 9 ensure reliable sealing of the outlet 8 when the switch valve is actuated. This significantly reduces the required force to close the outlet 8 when the valve-switch is triggered and ensures that the closed state is maintained after it is triggered. A smaller force will not require the transfer of excessive mechanical energy to the piston 2, which, when the valve-switch is actuated, creates vibration-impact effects that are critical for the object of use.

The winding 10 is placed between the outer casing 12 and the inner ring 13 with a flange 14. The casing 12 and the inner ring 13 with a flange 14, made, for example, of electrical steel, perform the functions of a magnetic circuit of an electromagnetic drive with winding 10.

To maintain integrity during vibro-impact effects, the magnet 11 is placed in the shell 15.

Piston 2 moves in the axial direction by an electromagnetic drive with winding 10.

The placement of a permanent magnet 11 in the piston 2 ensures the preservation of the initial state of the piston 2 (due to the magnetization of the piston 2 to the end of the outer casing 12), and hence the inventive valve-switch during its operation before the current pulse is applied to the winding 10.

High pressure channel switch valve works as follows.

In the initial state of the inventive switch valve (Fig. 1) inlet 3 (inlet A of the high pressure pipeline) is connected to the outlet 8 (outlet channel B of the high pressure pipeline).

When a pulsed current with a short leading edge is applied, for example, from a charged high-capacity capacitor, to the winding 10, the piston 2 begins to move in the housing 1 in the axial direction. The piston rod with the end of the cylindrical base 7 destroys the attachment point of the plug 5, opening the outlet 4, and with the conical tip 6 it hermetically closes the hole 8.

The sleeve 9 installed in the hole 8, made of ductile metal, ensures the tightness of the closure of the channel B. The channel switch valve goes into the actuated (switched) state (Fig. 2), in which the inlet channel A (hole 3) is connected to the outlet channel B ( opening 4) of the high pressure pipeline.

The use of a low-resistance winding 10, powered by a significant pulsed current, for example, from a charged capacitor, and the placement of a permanent high-energy magnet 11 in the piston 2, magnetized in the axial direction, makes it possible to provide piston 2 with significant mechanical energy sufficient to depressurize the closed (muffled) channel B and reliable sealing the previously open channel B. At the same time, the channel switching zone is hermetically isolated from the external environment both before and after the valve - high pressure channel switch is actuated. The pulsed current supplied to the winding 10 can be limited, excluding the transfer of excessive mechanical energy to the piston 2, which, when the switch valve is actuated, creates vibration-impact effects that are critical for the object of use. The placement of the permanent magnet 11 in the piston 2 ensures the preservation of the initial state of the piston 2, and hence the inventive switch valve, during its operation before the current pulse is applied to the winding 10.

Equipping the rod with a conical tip 6, which interacts with the outlet 8 with a sleeve 9 made of plastic metal placed in it, ensures reliable sealing of the outlet channel B after the valve-switch is actuated. Moreover, the increased pressure in the gas line will help maintain tightness.

Thus, when using the inventive high-pressure channel switch valve, the tightness and reliability of the high-pressure channel switch valve operation are ensured, while excluding the creation of significant (critical) vibration-impact effects during operation.

The above information testifies to the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- means embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, intended for use in high pressure gas systems;

- for the claimed device in the form as it is described in the independent claims, the possibility of its implementation is confirmed;

- a means that embodies the claimed invention in the implementation, is able to ensure the tightness and reliability of the operation of the valve-switching channels of high pressure with the exception of the creation of significant (critical for the object of use) vibro-impact effects during operation.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

High-pressure channel switch valve, comprising a body with one inlet and two outlet holes, and with a movable piston with a conical rod installed in the axial hole of the body, switching the outlet holes, one of the outlet holes is sealed with a destructible element, characterized in that on the body made made of non-magnetic metal, a low-resistance winding is placed, powered by a pulsed current, and a permanent high-energy magnet, magnetized in the axial direction, is placed in the piston, while the conical tip of the rod is made in one piece with a cylindrical base expanding towards the piston, forming a stage that interacts with the destructible element of the sealed exhaust holes, and the second outlet, which is blocked by a conical tip, is equipped with a ductile metal sleeve.

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