RU2790684C1 - Method for scaring flocking birds from municipal solid waste management facilities by hunting birds and a perch implementing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ornithology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods and devices for scaring away unwanted feathered animals using birds of prey for this and can be used at municipal solid waste treatment facilities. The portable perch contains a horizontal crossbar for placing a bird of prey on it, mounted on vertical posts made in a contrasting color, for raising the said crossbar above the ground for landing and removing the bird of prey by an ornithologist by hand, stops are mounted in the lower part of the posts for a stable position of the perch on the surface to be placed, a relief coating is applied to the surface of the crossbar, which ensures the engagement of the paws of the bird with the surface of the crossbar. The hunting bird is placed on a perch near the places of constant accumulation of flocking birds, above the place of their accumulation on natural and artificial hills. Flocking birds are repelled by flying a bird of prey onto an ornithologist's glove or onto a lure from a perch and following the route by the ornithologist with the bird of prey from its place where it is kept in the aviary to the perch, whereas the route of passage with the bird of prey from the aviary to the perch is planned along the places of accumulation of flocking birds.

EFFECT: to create a device that provides placement of a bird of prey directly from an ornithologist's glove in places of accumulation of flocking birds, and the effective use of this device to scare away flocking birds.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The object of search relates to methods and devices for scaring away unwanted feathered animals using birds of prey for this and can be used at municipal solid waste management facilities [A01M 29/00, A01M 29/06, A01M 29/26].

Under the objects of circulation of municipal solid waste in the present invention means objects intended for the processing, neutralization and disposal of solid municipal waste. Such facilities include a landfill for municipal solid waste and an open-type waste processing complex.

Synanthropic birds are bird species that have adapted to life in settlements (including cities), where they spend almost their entire lives, breed and feed.

The most common synanthropic birds in Russia are gray and black crows, rock dove, house sparrow, killer whale (barn swallow), magpie and a number of other birds can also be partly attributed to them. In many cities, crows and other corvids (jackdaw, rook, magpie and jay, in the Far East - big-billed crow) have recently become sedentary. More and more seagulls are settling in seaside towns, and many waterfowl settle in non-freezing ponds. At the same time, it is worth distinguishing between temporary inhabitants of cities (facultative synanthropes), and permanent ones (obligate synanthropes). So, out of more than 100 species of birds noted for nesting in Moscow, only a few species are true synanthropes.

Unwanted accumulations of birds in flocks on the airfields of military and civil airfields, fur farms, grain industry enterprises, fish farms, agricultural facilities, around cultural and historical monuments create a lot of problems associated with their biodamaging activity. In some cases, difficult ornithological situations can lead to very serious consequences - collision of aircraft with birds.

Birds are dangerous for historical and architectural monuments and sculptures in the open air. Fish-eating birds harm the fish industry when fish farming in inland waters, when fishing, transporting and processing fish in coastal industrial complexes.

Harmful activity of birds is observed in the municipal and industrial - factory economy during the operation of residential buildings of all types, industrial facilities, including large-sized repair facilities and assembly shops; when operating public facilities of increased volume (metro stations, markets, stadiums, etc.)

In horticulture, vegetable growing, seed production and breeding of new varieties of poultry, they cause significant harm in the cultivation of stone fruits and grapes, berries and apples; when growing grain, industrial and vegetable crops when harvesting, transporting and storing crops; when obtaining elite seeds, variety testing and breeding of new varieties of agricultural plants.

The biodamaging effect of birds is felt in individual farms when growing fruit and berry crops in open ground; when operating small-sized buildings for residential, livestock and household purposes. The concentration of birds at the facilities of the grain industry (elevators, granaries, mixed fodder production) incurs significant economic losses due to the eating of grain products by birds. Poultry droppings, when mixed with feed intended for poultry farms, can lead to the spread of avian influenza (H5N1) infection. In fur farms, birds peck at expensive feed intended for fur-bearing animals, and are also potential carriers of infections dangerous for fur-bearing animals.

With the development of scientific and technological progress, new problems arise associated with birds, or rather with their harmful life activity. Birds often cause short circuits on power lines, the risk of collisions with them by fast moving cars and high-speed trains is growing.

Managing the behavior of birds, finding effective ways to eliminate (disperse) them from specific areas, and rationally regulate the number of harmful birds are increasingly popular tasks of modern applied ornithology. Ornithologists are constantly looking for ways to improve the effectiveness of the repellent effect on flocking bird species. New deterrents are being developed, including biological methods to control harmful birds. The need to scare away birds at the relevant sites is complicated by the problems of getting used to the use of standard flocking repellents: bioacoustic installations, mechanical repellents (brushes and ruffs in perching places, mirror-mechanical devices), optical repellents (balloons, models of human figures), models of controlled birds of prey (stationary and radio-controlled). All these methods are ineffective and work for a short period. Only biological repellents, being a natural repeller, can ensure that synanthropic birds do not get used to them throughout the entire time of exposure.

Thus, the main criterion for the success of the use of biological repellents is their characteristic feature - the absence of synanthropic birds getting used to them.

A PEST PROTECTION DEVICE is known from the prior art [CA2144998 (A1), 09/18/1996], the embodiments of which are defined as follows:

a line of responding devices for physical pest control, in which each design model consists of: a) one or more sensors, b) one or more response mechanisms, and c) appearance. Here the invention is referred to as "responsive protection". Responsive security fence, where specific appearance designs match a specific pest type and/or application. For example, it is known that cats are especially afraid of dogs, mice are afraid of cats, rabbits are afraid of predators, and so on. Thus, it is possible to create a reactive defense that mimics a predator (or the like) of a given pest. However, in some cases, a responsive guard may not possess any particular image. For example, a reactive security device can be designed to control nocturnal pests where reactivity is important while appearance is not visible in this nighttime application.

The disadvantage of analogue is the high complexity and material consumption of the manufacture of protective fencing, which is most acute on objects with large areas.

Also known is an INSTALLATION FOR REMOVING BIRDS IN GARBAGE Dumps AND OTHER LARGE PLACES, METHODS AND MEANS FOR ITS INSTALLATION [WO9316590 (A1), publ.: 02.09. elevated above the platform and with appropriate side walls throughout.

The disadvantage of the prototype, like the previous analogue, is the high labor intensity and material consumption of manufacturing high-raised masts or extended structures, which complicates the ornithologist's work and reduces the effectiveness of flocking birds at the facility.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of creating a device that provides the placement of birds of prey directly from the gloves of an ornithologist in places where flocking birds accumulate and the effective use of this device to scare away flocking birds.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of scaring away flocking birds from objects of municipal solid waste handling by birds of prey, characterized in that the bird of prey is placed on a perch near the places of constant accumulation of flocking birds, higher above the place of their accumulation on natural and artificial hills, with In this case, flocking birds are frightened off by flying a bird of prey onto an ornithologist's glove or onto a lure from a perch and following the route by the ornithologist with the bird of prey from its place of keeping in the aviary to the perch, while the route of passage with the bird of prey from the aviary to the perch is planned along the places of accumulation of flocking birds .

A portable perch for birds of prey intended for implementing the method, characterized in that it contains a horizontal crossbar for placing a bird of prey on it, mounted on vertical racks for raising said bar above ground level for planting and removing a bird of prey by an ornithologist by hand, in the lower part of the racks are mounted stops for a stable position of the perch on the placed surface;

Brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of perches for birds of prey.

In FIG. 2 shows the layout of the perches at the waste processing complex.

In FIG. 3 shows the layout of perches at the municipal solid waste landfill.

The figures indicate: 1 - waste processing complex, 2 - solid municipal waste landfill, 3 - perches, 4 - crossbar, 5 - supports, 6 - stops, 7 - cover, 8 - unloading areas for solid municipal waste, 9 - unloading areas for "shallow fractions", 10 - the route of the bypass by the ornithologist.

Implementation of the invention.

The main, strategic task of using birds of prey at solid municipal waste management facilities is to prevent flocking birds from entering the places of placement and processing of solid municipal waste, thus depriving them of the opportunity to feed themselves. The number of flocking birds at the facilities determines the tactics for scaring away flocking birds from the territory of the facilities.

To scare away flocking birds at the landfill waste processing complex 1 (see Fig. 1) or solid municipal waste landfill 2 (see Fig. 2), portable perches 3 are placed in the immediate vicinity of the feeding places for flocking birds (see Fig. 3). Perch 3 in the preferred embodiment contains a horizontal crossbar 4 for placing hunting birds on it, mounted on vertically placed supports 5. Supports 5 are equipped with stops 6 orthogonally mounted to them, with the possibility of providing reliable support for perch 3 on the supporting surface. Support 5 with stop 6 is made, for example, in the form of an inverted letter "T". In the preferred embodiment, the perch 3 is U-shaped, from a profile pipe with the placement of the crossbar 4 at a height that allows an ornithologist sufficient for landing from the hand and removing the bird of prey by hand, mainly at the level of the chest of a person of average height.

On the surface of the crossbar 4 for placing a bird of prey on it, a relief coating 7 is applied with the possibility of reliable engagement of the bird of prey with the crossbar 4 and its comfortable placement, as well as the prevention of diseases of the paws of birds of prey, providing paw massage. In the cold period of time, part of the coating 7 is covered with a porous, heat-insulating material. If you use perch 3 without cover 7 on crossbar 4, then the paws of the bird of prey will slide on the surface of the crossbar 4 and the bird of prey will leave perch 3 due to uncomfortable location.

The cover 7 is made, for example, of a synthetic polymer. In one embodiment, the cover 7 comprises grass-like vertical fibers. The side racks of the perch 7 are made in a contrasting color, for example, alternating black and white stripes, to ensure the visibility of the perch 7 for the attendants in order to avoid scaring away birds of prey and hitting the perch 7 by a vehicle.

Flocking birds tend to feed on the waste processing complex 1 in the solid municipal waste unloading zone 8, and on the solid municipal waste landfill 2 in the "fine fraction" unloading zones 9, since it consists of 40% food waste and therefore the mentioned birds constantly concentrate in these zones. The fine fraction is an abundant and affordable food resource for flocking birds, regardless of their species.

Another place of concentration of birds at the municipal solid waste landfill 2 is the place of placement of waste compacted into cubes. The sorted waste is pressed into cubes under high pressure and tied with steel wire. These cubes, the so-called "tails", are placed on the mentioned polygon 2, stacking them with a special loader in even rows (not shown in the figures). The tails contain some organic waste that attracts birds. Accordingly, flocking birds are constantly concentrated in the place of unloading and tailing.

Portable perches 3 at the municipal solid waste landfill 2 are placed in such a way that they are located as high as possible above the feeding place for flocking birds. To do this, use natural and artificial hills in the feeding area of flocking birds. Such hills can be irregularities of the microlandscape of the landfill in the form of earthen mounds, hills formed by unevenly located garbage. In cases where portable perches 3 are used at the place where compacted garbage cubes (“tails”) are placed, it is installed on cubes located above all the others. The principle of scaring off high-lying perches 3 with birds of prey is based on the fear of prey birds to be below the location of the feathered predator. Having an advantage in height, it is easier and more convenient for a bird of prey to attack a prey that feeds on a surface below the predator.

Perches 3 with birds of prey sitting on them are located in the immediate vicinity of the areas for unloading municipal solid waste 8 or unloading the "fine fraction" 9, or from the place of unloading and stacking cubes (tails).

A flock of corvids or gulls concentrates near the feeding place, perching on the territory of the object. In this case, the ornithologist, with or without a bird of prey on his arm, begins to go to the place where the flock of birds gathers. When it reaches the frightening distance, a flock of birds rises to the wing and leaves the territory of the facility.

The effectiveness of the use of birds of prey is also due to the active mobbing that they provoke in flocking birds.

Mobbing (from the English. Mobbing, i.e. literally - a gang). Members of the flock transmit information to each other about the danger of the predator object by means of characteristic flight and special vocalization (Curio, 1988; Marler, 1957; Shalter, 1978).

The ability of adult, more experienced synanthropic birds to determine the location of a predator and “by personal example” to show young patterns of protective behavior is very important in the described process of scaring away flocking birds. Calling a bird of prey and showing its location with characteristic flight patterns, flocking birds generate a similar response from other individuals in the flock. The number of birds participating in mobbing increases until all birds in the controlled area begin to react in some way to the presence of a predator. Some of the birds are in a hurry to leave the territory of the object, the other part is involved in the mobbing of the predator. It is characteristic that the number of the latter becomes less and less with time, and the number of birds that have flown away from the object increases.

A feathered predator always attracts flocking birds calling to it and “works” with a natural bioacoustic installation. The operation of such a “installation” has a number of advantages over a similar technical device: it does not require a power source, there is no need to involve an operator in the work. The most important thing is the generation of calls of local birds about danger. A flock of birds understands such calls better than the recorded calls of danger from birds broadcast by a bioacoustic installation. Corvids, especially the hooded crow and Corvuscorax, most actively call to a raptor sitting on a portable perch. At the same time, they visually designate a bird of prey, diving at it and making characteristic circular flights around the perch. Gull birds mainly dive on a bird of prey and make characteristic sounds at the same time, warning the members of the flock of danger.

If the feeding places of flocking birds are located at a distance of more than 200 m from each other, then two separate clusters of flocking birds are formed. If the places of feeding of flocking birds in the areas of unloading "fine fraction" 9 and the shipment of tails at the municipal solid waste landfill or the unloading area of solid municipal waste 8 at the waste processing complex 8 are located within a radius not exceeding 200 m, then portable perches 3 are installed one at a time in each unloading zone 9 or loading 8 and located as close as possible to them. In the case when the mentioned zones 8, 9 are close enough to each other, the slings 3 are installed in diametrically opposite places.

When placing birds of prey at a landfill for municipal solid waste 2 or a waste processing complex 1 on perches 3, flocking birds sit down to rest in places remote from perches 3 with birds of prey and from the locations or patrols of ornithologists. At Waste Processing Facility 1, flocking birds often rest on rooftops. That is, they are looking for places that are safe for rest, while trying to stay at the facility so as not to be deprived of the opportunity to feed. To scare away flocking birds from their resting places, it is enough to place perches 3 in such places.

Flocking birds are repelled by stimulating the arrival of a bird of prey on the ornithologist's glove or on a lure (fodder bait) from perch 3, bypassing the bypass route by the ornithologist 10 (see Fig. 2) from the places where birds of prey are kept in aviaries to perch 3 with a bird of prey on hand and flights of birds of prey, while the bypass routes by the ornithologist 10 with a bird of prey on hand are planned in accordance with the places of accumulation of flocking birds and the characteristics of the controlled object. Such a combination forces flocking birds to avoid the territory of the polygon and other objects. In most cases, already when the ornithologist approaches with a bird of prey on his arm, when the ornithologist passes the bypass route 10 from the aviary to perch 3 at a distance of frightening, the flocking birds scatter in different directions. In this case, the ornithologist, without stopping, goes on. The further bypass route by the ornithologist 10 runs towards the areas for unloading municipal solid waste 8 or unloading the "fine fraction" 9. Here is the most attractive feeding place for flocking birds at the facility and here is also a perch 3.

In special cases, with large concentrations of birds on the object, a technique called grafting is used, which consists in letting the bird of prey on decoy gulls or jackdaws that were previously caught on the object. This technique is used to train the flight qualities of birds of prey. The purpose of such grafting is a demonstration of the raptor's hunting for a member of a flock of corvids or gulls within their feeding territory. In this case, the flocking birds living on the object see not only the flight of the bird of prey over the feeding area, but also the prey of the jackdaw or gull by the bird of prey and its subsequent eating.

The technique consists in the fact that first the ornithologist places the bird of prey on perch 3. Then the ornithologist approaches the feeding flock of birds as close as possible, without exceeding the frightening distance. Approaching the place of accumulation of flocking birds, the ornithologist raises his hand and gives a special sound signal, demonstrating to the hunting bird an additive, for example, a piece of meat, clamped in a glove. The bird of prey flies off the perch and flies on the ornithologist's glove. Flocking birds, seeing a hunting bird flying in their direction, leave the feeding place.

The ornithologist's movement vector along the polygon should always be directed towards the places of installation of perches 3 and, accordingly, the places of accumulation of flocking birds.

To speed up the search for a bird of prey, a special radio beacon - a transmitter - is attached to the bird. The transmitter is attached to a special clip, which in turn is fixed on the base of the central steering pen.

The invention has practical significance, which consists in providing:

flight safety of aircraft during takeoff and landing by preventing their collisions with birds when placing perches 3 with birds of prey to scare away flocking birds at airfields;

preservation of expensive feed for fur-bearing animals, preservation of its livestock in the process of reproduction, exclusion of the introduction of various infections by birds into the fur farm when placing perches 3 with birds of prey to scare away flocking birds at fur farms;

preservation of grain products, prevention of bird pollution of industrial premises and territories, grain and feed when placing perches 3 with birds of prey to scare away flocking birds at grain industry facilities;

preservation of juveniles of valuable fish species when placing perches 3 with birds of prey to scare away flocking birds at fisheries facilities, etc.

The author has practically tested the approaches described in the claimed invention for scaring away flocking birds on the territory of the municipal solid waste landfill in Novocheboksarsk and the waste transfer station in Cheboksary of the branch of Citimatic JSC.

Aviaries for keeping birds of prey were built at the facilities and perches for birds of prey were placed. The daily reusable route from the aviary to the perch and back along the places of accumulation of flocking birds at the indicated objects and the location of birds of prey on the perch proved to be effective. In the process of practical work to scare away flocking birds at these sites, the behavioral feature of flocking birds was clearly traced to leave the territory when birds of prey appeared and look for safe feeding places free from birds of prey. At the same time, placing a bird of prey on a perch by an ornithologist did not cause difficulty, since in order to remove a bird of prey from an ornithologist’s glove to a perch or from a perch crossbar to a glove, it was enough to bring the ornithologist’s hand to the crossbar and the bird of prey easily moved from hand / to hand, and the bird of prey at the same time, when placed on the perch, she spent a long time on it, which indicates the convenience of its placement.

Thus, when carrying out practical experiments on the use of perches for birds of prey to scare away flocking birds on objects, a technical result was achieved - providing the possibility of creating a device that provides placement of birds of prey directly from the ornithologist's glove in places where flocking birds accumulate and the effective use of this device to scare away flocking birds .

Claims (2)

1. A portable perch for birds of prey, characterized in that it contains a horizontal crossbar for placing a bird of prey on it, mounted on vertical posts made in a contrasting color, for raising said crossbar above ground level for planting and removing a bird of prey by an ornithologist by hand, in the lower part supports are mounted on the racks for a stable position of the perch on the surface to be placed, a relief coating is applied to the surface of the crossbar, which ensures the engagement of the paws of the bird with the surface of the crossbar. 2. A method for scaring away flocking birds from objects of municipal solid waste management by hunting birds, characterized in that the hunting bird is placed on a perch according to claim 1 near places of constant accumulation of flocking birds, above the place of their accumulation on natural and artificial hills, while scaring away flocking Birds of prey are carried out by the arrival of a bird of prey on the ornithologist's glove or on the lure from the perch and the ornithologist passes the route with the bird of prey from the place of its keeping in the aviary to the perch, while the route of passage with the bird of prey from the aviary to the perch is planned along the places of accumulation of flocking birds.

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