RU2788405C1 - Pneumatic wrench for screw nuts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to mechanized impact-rotary tools and is used in the repair of passenger car bogies for unscrewing pin nuts. Pneumatic wrench contains a rotor with cams, a drummer with cams installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotational movement and interaction of its cams with the cams of the rotor. The drummer is equipped with blades that form working chambers with the rotor blades. The air distributor is installed in the axial hole of the rotor with the possibility of periodic communication of the working chambers with the air supply line and the atmosphere and the interaction of its lever with the striker. In the air distributor, a start spool is coaxially installed with the possibility of joint rotation with it. The body of the pneumatic wrench is made stepped and equipped with two brackets, on which it is hinged to the consoles of the bogie frame. There is a face head made in one piece with the rotor, and a freewheel for kinematic connection of the rotor with the housing.

EFFECT: invention provides the ability to effectively pull back and unscrew the spinton nuts in different conditions.

4 cl, 18 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to mechanical engineering, namely to mechanized tools of shock-rotary action, and can be used in various industries in a wide range of technological operations for disassembling threaded connections, in particular, when repairing passenger car bogies for unscrewing pin nuts.

Known wrench with a shock-pulse mechanism according to A.S. USSR No. 439385 B25b 21/02, publ. 08/15/1974, bul. No. 30, containing a head with an anvil and a socket wrench, a striker made together with a flywheel interacting with the anvil. The flywheel is made hollow, covering the head with an anvil, and the hammer is also located in this cavity, while a spiral return spring is put on the head.

The common features of the analogue with the claimed technical solution are: a wrench containing a head with a socket wrench, a drummer, a trolley containing a frame, wheels, a valve that provides compressed air to the wrench.

The disadvantage of this wrench is its low efficiency, since lifting the head with a socket wrench, putting it on the nut and tightening is carried out by rotating the screw stop. Next, press the button to open the valve that controls the supply of compressed air to the working cavities of the wrench. The flywheel with drummers turns under the action of compressed air and acquires a supply of kinetic energy, and the spiral-return spring is cocked by the flywheel, which reduces the turning speed and, consequently, the amount of kinetic energy. After a half-turn, the flywheel drummers apply a single, slight shock-pulse torque to the anvils of the head with a socket wrench, which turns it at a certain angle and unscrews the nut. To receive the next impulse, you have to release the valve button and, as soon as the flywheel returns to its original position under the action of the spiral return spring, press it again. In this case, the unscrewing nut presses down on the head with the socket wrench, which leads to deformation of the frame, that is, it is necessary to constantly reduce the amount of pressing of the head with the socket wrench to the nut by rotating the screw stop. Moreover, the spinton nut, as a rule, is tight, and in order to unscrew it, it is necessary to apply a large number of single shock-pulse torques along the anvils of the head. All this leads to an increase in the time of exposure to the nut to unscrew it and, as a result, to a decrease in the efficiency of the wrench.

The closest in technical essence and set of essential features is a pneumatic wrench according to the patent RU No. 2551325, V25V 21/02, publ. 05/20/2015 in Bull. No. 14, containing a housing with end caps, a rotor with cams located in it, two coaxial bushings connected by blades, and air inlet and exhaust windows, a hammer with cams, covering the rotor bushings and installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotational movement and interaction of its cams with cams of the rotor, while the drummer is equipped with blades that form working chambers with the rotor blades, an air distributor with air inlet and exhaust windows coaxial to the specified windows of the rotor, respectively, installed in the axial hole of the rotor with the possibility of periodically communicating the working chambers with the air supply line and the atmosphere and the interaction of its lever with the drummer , a turnkey head and a freewheel to ensure the kinematic connection of the rotor with the housing. In the air distributor, a starting spool is coaxially installed with the possibility of joint rotation with it, pressed by a spring in the axial direction, while air inlet and exhaust windows are made in it, located along the axis of the air inlet and exhaust windows of the air distributor, respectively, and additional air inlet and exhaust windows are provided, moreover, in the air distributor and the rotor are also provided with additional air inlet and exhaust windows, made with the possibility of combining with additional air inlet and exhaust windows of the start spool, respectively.

The common features of the prototype with the claimed technical solution are: a housing with an end cap, a rotor with cams located in it, two coaxial bushings connected by blades, and air inlet and exhaust windows, a drummer with cams, covering the rotor bushings and installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotational movement and the interaction of its cams with the cams of the rotor, while the drummer is equipped with blades that form working chambers with the rotor blades, an air distributor with air inlet and exhaust windows coaxial with the specified windows of the rotor, respectively, installed in the axial hole of the rotor with the possibility of periodically communicating the working chambers with the air supply line and the atmosphere and interaction of its lever with the drummer, a turnkey head and a freewheel to ensure the kinematic connection of the rotor with the body, and in the air distributor a start spool is coaxially installed with the possibility of joint rotation with it, preloaded by a spring in the axis in the direction in which air inlet and exhaust windows are made, located along the axis of the air inlet and exhaust windows of the air distributor, respectively, and additional air inlet and exhaust windows, moreover, additional air inlet and exhaust windows are made in the air distributor and rotor, made with the possibility of combining with additional air inlet and exhaust windows start spool respectively.

The main disadvantages of the known pneumatic wrench is that it is not equipped with a trolley that allows it to be used for unscrewing the pin nuts on passenger car bogies. In addition, the layout of the specified wrench, associated with its height, is such that it can only be operated in a passenger car depot, in which there are pits that allow the wrench to be located under the spinton.

The problem lies in the creation of a pneumatic wrench for effective tightening and unscrewing of the pin nuts on the bogies of passenger cars in a cramped environment, both in depot conditions and in open-air maintenance points in all weather conditions.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic wrench for unscrewing the pin nuts, containing a housing with an end cover, a rotor with cams located in it, two coaxial bushings connected by blades, and air inlet and exhaust windows, a hammer with cams, covering the rotor bushings and installed with the possibility reciprocating rotational motion and the interaction of its cams with the cams of the rotor, while the drummer is equipped with blades that form working chambers with the rotor blades, an air distributor with air inlet and exhaust windows coaxial with the specified windows of the rotor, respectively, installed in the axial hole of the rotor with the possibility of periodically communicating the working chambers with the air supply line and the atmosphere and the interaction of its lever with the striker, the turnkey head and the freewheel to ensure the kinematic connection of the rotor with the housing, moreover, the start spool is coaxially installed in the air distributor with the possibility of joint with n rotation, compressed by a spring in the axial direction, in which air inlet and exhaust windows are made, located along the axis of the air inlet and exhaust windows of the air distributor, respectively, and additional air inlet and exhaust windows, moreover, additional air inlet and exhaust windows are made in the air distributor and the rotor, made with the possibility of combining with additional air inlet and exhaust ports of the start spool, respectively, according to the technical solution, it is equipped with a trolley that includes a frame with two consoles, two brackets with wheels, a handle, a starter handle equipped with a valve, an air inlet pipe, a flexible hose for supplying compressed air to a pneumatic wrench , the body of which is stepped and equipped with two brackets, on which it is pivotally suspended from the consoles of the bogie frame, while the turnkey head is made in the form of an end head, made in one piece with the rotor, and on its shell is made and a freewheel sprocket and a circular groove equipped with a protective collar.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to practically implement a pneumatic wrench with a small height, which has a powerful, high-frequency pulsed torque for effective pulling and unscrewing the pin nuts on passenger car bogies, both in depot conditions and at rolling stock maintenance points.

The use of a trolley that includes a frame with two consoles makes it possible to pivotally hang a pneumatic impact wrench on them, which, under the action of gravity and the presence of a flexible hose for supplying compressed air, will always occupy a vertical position, which ensures a reliable connection of the socket head with the pin nut. The handle and the starter handle equipped with a valve facilitate easy rolling and manipulation of the pneumatic wrench under the spindle. This allows you to effectively use the pneumatic wrench to unscrew the pin nuts located in an uncomfortable, cramped work area.

The execution of the body of the pneumatic wrench is stepped, while the upper part, in which the turnkey head is located, is of a smaller diameter, due to the fact that the approach to the spinton nut is limited by the design parameters of the axle box wings. The lower part of a larger diameter, since in this area of \u200b\u200bthe housing there is a rotor with cams, a drummer with cams, installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotation and the interaction of its cams with the cams of the rotor, having a height limitation, while having the necessary and sufficient power for effective pulling and unscrewing, as a rule, tight pin nuts.

In this case, the manufacture of a turnkey head in the form of an end head in one piece with the rotor and the execution of a freewheel clutch sprocket on its shell, which provides kinematic connection of the rotor with the body through the rollers, significantly reduces the overall height of the pneumatic wrench, which allows it to be used in a work space that is cramped in height. zone for efficient unscrewing of the spinton nuts.

A protective collar, located in a circular groove made on the shell of the end head, protects the pneumatic wrench from falling dust, sand, rust and melt water from getting inside the body while unscrewing the pin nut.

All this makes it possible to use a reliable, sufficiently powerful, compact in height, pneumatic wrench that fits comfortably into the working area for effective pulling and unscrewing of the pin nuts during the repair of passenger car bogies, both in depot conditions and at rolling stock maintenance points.

It is advisable to equip the end cover with a horizontal air supply channel.

The end cover of the housing, equipped with a horizontal air supply channel, provides its convenient connection with the flexible sleeve of the trolley and helps to reduce the overall height of the pneumatic impact wrench. This also makes it possible to effectively use the pneumatic wrench to loosen pin nuts located in an uncomfortable, cramped work area.

It is advisable to equip the end cover on the lower surface with skids.

The supply of the lower surface of the end cover with skids greatly facilitates the movement of the pneumatic wrench along the snow-covered platform at the rolling stock maintenance points, which increases the efficiency of using the pneumatic wrench to unscrew the pin nuts in the winter.

It is advisable to equip the end cover on the upper surface with a cone-shaped bath with an annular groove having a calibrated hole leading into the specified horizontal air supply channel.

A cone-shaped bath, made on the upper surface of the end cap, is designed to collect a certain amount of oil flowing down the inner surface of the housing, which settled on it during the exhaust of compressed air saturated with oil used to lubricate the friction parts of a pneumatic wrench. At non-working moments, the used oil accumulated in the cone-shaped bath, along the annular groove, through the calibrated hole, enters the horizontal air supply channel of the end cover and then, when compressed air is supplied to the pneumatic wrench, it is reused to lubricate all rubbing surfaces of the rotor and impactor. Permanent lubrication of the rubbing surfaces of the rotor and impactor for a long time keeps the pneumatic wrench in working condition and contributes to the effective unscrewing of the pin nuts.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific design of a pneumatic wrench for unscrewing pin nuts and drawings of Fig. 1-18. In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a pneumatic wrench for unscrewing the pin nuts, the view along arrow A in Fig. 2; in fig. 2 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 1; in fig. 3 - remote element I in FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale; in fig. 4 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 3 rotated; in fig. 5 shows a pneumatic impact wrench in its original position - longitudinal section A-A in FIG. 6; in fig. 6 - section B-B in Fig. five; in fig. 7 is a section B-B in FIG. five; in fig. 8 - section Г-Г in Fig. five; in fig. 9 - section D-D in Fig. five; in fig. 10 is a section E-E in FIG. five; in fig. 11 - section W-W in Fig. five; in fig. 12 shows a pneumatic impact wrench in working position - longitudinal section 3-3 in FIG. 13; in fig. 13 and in FIG. 14 - sections I-I and K-K in Fig. 12, respectively, when the striker is rotated clockwise to the end position; in fig. 15 - section L-L in Fig. 12; in fig. 16 - sections M-M in Fig. 12; in fig. 17 - section H-H in Fig. 12; in fig. 18 - section P-P in Fig. 12. In FIG. 15-18 the drummer is turned counterclockwise to its extreme position.

Pneumatic wrench for unscrewing pin nuts contains: trolley 1, including frame 2 (Fig. 1, 2), two consoles 3 (Fig. 1-4) with threaded inserts 4 and axes 5 (Fig. 3, 4), two brackets 6 with wheels 7 (Fig. 1), a handle 8 and a starter handle 9 (Fig. 2), two handle-brackets 10 (Fig. 1-4), an air inlet 11 (Fig. 2), a flexible sleeve 12 (Fig. 1, 2), pneumatic wrench 13 (Fig. 1-4), body 14 (Fig. 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18) which is made stepped and equipped with two brackets 15 (Fig. 1- 6), on which it is pivotally suspended with the help of axles 5 (Fig. 3, 4) to the consoles 3 of the frame 2 of the technological trolley 1 (Fig. 1, 2).

The end cover 16 (Fig. 4, 5, 12) of the housing 14 with a fitting 17 (Fig. 1, 2, 5, 12) is equipped with a horizontal air supply channel 18 and an axial hole 19 (Fig. 5, 12), on the lower surface it is provided skids 20 (Fig. 1, 4, 5, 12), and on the top - a cone-shaped tub 21 (Fig. 5, 12) with an annular groove 22 having a calibrated hole 23 that goes into the horizontal air supply channel 18.

The end head 24 (Fig. 1, 2, 5, 10, 12) is made in one piece with the rotor 25 (Fig. 5-8, 11, 12.18), on its shell there is a clutch sprocket 26 (Fig. 10) free travel, providing with the help of rollers 27, spring-loaded pushers 28, kinematic connection with the body 14. In this case, the end head 24 is equipped with a protective collar 29 (Fig. 5).

In the housing 14 of the pneumatic wrench 13 with the end cap 16 are the rotor 25 (Fig. 5, 12) with cams 30 (Fig. 8, 18) and two coaxial bushings 31 and 32 (Fig. 5, 12), connected by blades 33 (Fig. 6, 7, 13-16). The rotor 25 has an axial hole 34 (Fig. 5, 12) and connected with it air supply windows 35, 36 and exhaust windows 37, 38 (Fig. 5, 11, 12-16) located between the bushings 31, 32 (Fig. 5 , 12). Drummer 39 (Fig. 5-9, 12-18) with cams 40 (Fig. 8, 18), covering the bushings 31 and 32 of the rotor 25, is installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotational movement and the interaction of its cams 40 with the cams 30 of the rotor 25 ( Fig. 8, 18). In this case, the drummer 39 is equipped with blades 41 (Fig. 6, 7, 13-16), which form working chambers 42 and 43 with the blades 33 of the rotor 25.

The pneumatic wrench also contains an air distributor 44 (Fig. 5-7, 9, 11-17) installed in the axial hole 34 (Fig. 5) of the rotor 25 with air inlets 45 (Fig. 5, 12, 13, 15) and exhaust windows 46 (Fig. 9, 11, 12, 14, 16) located along the axis of the air inlet windows 35, 36 and exhaust windows 37, 38 (Fig. 5, 12) of the rotor 25, respectively. The air distributor 44 is installed with the possibility of periodic communication of the working chambers 42 and 43 (Fig. 6, 7, 13-16) with the air supply line and the atmosphere and the interaction of its lever 47 (Fig. 5, 9, 17) with the drummer 39 in its circular groove 48 (Fig. 9, 17). In the central hole 49 (Fig. 5, 7) of the air distributor 44, with the possibility of joint rotation with it, a start spool 50 is coaxially installed (Fig. 5, 6, 11-15), preloaded in the axial direction by a spring 51 (Fig. 5, 12) and interacting with the pin 52 (Fig. 5, 11, 12) in the circumferential and axial directions through the longitudinal groove 53 with the air distributor 44. In the start spool 50 there are additional air supply windows 54 (Fig. 5, 6, 12), air supply windows 55 (Fig. 5, 12, 13, 15) and exhaust windows 56 (Fig. 12, 14, 16), made along the axis of additional air inlet windows 57 (Fig. 5, 6, 12), air inlet windows 45 and exhaust windows 46 (Fig. 11 -15) air distributor 44, respectively.

A baffle 58 is provided inside the start valve 50, which forms a chamber 59 for supplying compressed air and an exhaust cavity 60 (Fig. 5, 12).

In the rotor 25, additional air supply windows 61 (Fig. 5, 6) are made to communicate the working chambers 43 before starting the pneumatic wrench 13 with the air supply line through the additional air supply windows 57 and 54, the compressed air supply chamber 59, the axial hole 19, the horizontal air supply channel 18 , fitting 17, branch pipe 62 (Fig. 1, 2, 5), flexible sleeve 12, air inlet pipe 11 and starter handle 9. Additional exhaust windows 63 ( Fig. 5, 7, 12), in the air distributor 44 there are additional exhaust windows 64 and a central hole 49, in the rotor 25 there is an exhaust hole 65 and exhaust channels 66 (Fig. 5, 8), and in the housing 14 there are exhaust holes 67 (Fig. .5, 8, 12, 18) for the exhaust of compressed air into the atmosphere. A gap 68 is provided between housing 14 and striker 39 to collect used oil (FIGS. 5, 12). Pneumatic wrench works as follows.

Pneumatic wrench 13 for unscrewing the pin nuts is connected to the compressed air supply system by connecting the hose to the starter handle 9 (Fig. 1). Next, using the trolley 1, they roll the pneumatic wrench 13 under the spinton, pressing the handle 8 and the starter handle 9 (Fig. 1, 2), raise it and put the socket head 24 on the spinton nut (not shown in Fig.). Holding the pneumatic wrench 13 in this position, by turning the starter handle 9, the valve is opened and compressed air begins to flow through the air supply pipe 11, the flexible hose 12, the pipe 62 (Fig. 5), the fitting 17, the horizontal air supply channel 18, the axial hole 19 into the chamber 59 compressed air supply, and then through additional air supply windows 54, 57, 61 - into the working chambers 43 (Fig. 6) and, acting on the working surfaces of the blades 41 of the drummer 39, rotates it clockwise to its original position until its cams 40 collide with cams 30 of the rotor 25 (Fig. 8). At the same time, from the working chambers 42 (Fig. 7), air enters the atmosphere through additional exhaust windows 63, 64, the central hole 49 of the air distributor 44, the axial hole 65 and the exhaust channels 66 of the rotor 25 and the exhaust holes 67 of the housing 14 (Fig. 5, 8) . In this case, the drummer 39, interacting in its circular groove 48 (Fig. 9) with the lever 47 of the air distributor 44, throws it clockwise to the extreme position. At the same time, the compressed air in the chamber 59 for supplying compressed air, acting on the partition 58 of the spool 50 of the start, moves it up to the stop with the edge of the longitudinal groove 53 in the pin 52, compressing the spring 51 (Fig. 12). In this case, the additional air inlet windows 57, 61 and additional exhaust windows 63, 64 overlap, and the air inlet windows 55 and exhaust windows 56 of the start spool 50 are aligned with the air inlet windows 45 (Fig. 12, 13) and exhaust windows 46 (Fig. 12, 14 ) of the air distributor 44, respectively. Compressed air from the compressed air supply chamber 59 through the air supply windows 55, 45, 36 (Fig. 12, 13) enters the working chambers 42, and the working chambers 43 are connected to the atmosphere through the exhaust windows 37, 46, 56 (Fig. 12, 14 ), exhaust cavity 60, exhaust port 65, exhaust passages 66, and exhaust ports 67 (FIG. 18).

The compressed air entering the working chambers 42, acting on the working surfaces of the blades 33 (Fig. 13, 14), tends to turn the rotor 25 with the socket head 24 clockwise, however, the jammed rollers 27, pressed by spring-loaded pushers 28 (Fig. 10) of the free clutch move 26, do not allow it. But the compressed air from the side of the working chambers 42, acting on the blades 41 (Fig. 13, 14) of the drummer 39, begins to rotate it counterclockwise with acceleration and accumulate kinetic energy in it. There is no counteraction of compressed air to the working surfaces of the blades 41 from the side of the working chamber 43, since at this time they are connected with the atmosphere, which does not prevent the acceleration of the drummer 39. With further rotation of the drummer 39, it interacts with the lever 47 in the circular groove 48 (Fig. 9 ) air distributor 44 and turns it counterclockwise, gradually blocking the air inlets 36 and 45 (Fig. 13), as well as the exhaust windows 37 and 46 (Fig. 14). In this case, the air distributor 44 does not have time to take a neutral position, in which all the air inlet and exhaust windows are blocked, as the collision of the cams 40 and cams 30, respectively, of the striker 39 and the rotor 25 occurs (Fig. 18). The kinetic energy accumulated by the counterclockwise rotating striker 39 is converted into a shock impulse that acts on the rotor 25, which begins to rotate counterclockwise together with the socket head 24 and pulls and then unscrews the spinton nut. The lever 47, together with the air distributor 44, after the collision of the cams 40 of the drummer 39 and the cams 30 of the rotor 25, overcoming friction forces, continues to rotate counterclockwise by inertia, choosing a free play in the circular groove 48 of the drummer 39 (Fig. 17) - the air supply windows 35 open , 45 and 55 (FIG. 15), as well as exhaust ports 38, 46 and 56 (FIG. 16).

From working chambers 42 through the opened exhaust windows 38, 46 and 56 (Fig. 16), exhaust port 65, exhaust channels 66 (Fig. 12, 16, 18), exhaust ports 67 exhaust compressed air is released into the atmosphere. At the same time, compressed air enters the working chambers 43 through the opened air supply windows 35, 45 and 55 (Fig. 15), the compressed air supply chamber 59, the axial hole 19, the horizontal air supply channel 18, the fitting 17, the branch pipe 62 (Fig. 12), flexible sleeve 12, air inlet 11, through the open valve of the starter handle 9 (Fig. 1, 2). Compressed air, acting on the working surfaces of the blades 33 from the side of the working chambers 43 (Fig. 15), continues to rotate the rotor 25 with the socket head 24 counterclockwise and unscrew the pin nut, provided that the moment of resistance in the thread is less than the driving forces, otherwise rotor 25 with socket 24 will remain stationary. Drummer 39, moving clockwise and interacting in its circular groove 48 with the lever 47 of the air distributor 44 (Fig. 17), rotates it (Fig. 13, 14). In this case, the air distributor 44 will first take a neutral position, i.e. air supply windows 35 and exhaust windows 38 will be blocked, and then air supply windows 36 and exhaust windows 37 will begin to open. Air from working chambers 43 through the opened exhaust windows 37, 46, 56 (Fig. holes 67 (Fig. 12, 18) is released into the atmosphere. At the same time, compressed air entering the working chambers 42 (Fig. 13) acts on the working surfaces of the blades 33 and blades 41, stops the rotor 25, the rollers 27 (Fig. 10) of the freewheel 26 are wedged, which prevents the reverse screwing of the spinton nut, and drummer 39 begins to rotate counterclockwise with acceleration (Fig. 13, 14), accumulating the next portion of kinetic energy.

Until the final backlash and unscrewing of the pin nut, the cycle of operation of the pneumatic wrench 13 (Fig. 1, 2) is repeated.

When the compressed air supply is turned off, closing the valve by turning the starter handle 9 (Fig. 2), the spool 50 starts as the pressure of the compressed air in the air supply pipe 11 decreases, the flexible hose 12, the pipe 62, the horizontal air supply channel 18, the axial hole 19 and the chamber 59 for supplying compressed air is returned to its original position by the elastic forces of the spring 51 (Fig. 5). This overlaps the air inlet windows 35, 36 and exhaust windows 37, 38 and opens additional air inlet windows 54, 57, 61 (Fig. 5, 6) and additional exhaust windows 63, 64 (Fig. 7). The working chambers 42 at any position of the drummer 39 are constantly in communication with the atmosphere, and in the working chambers 43 from the chamber 59 (Fig. 5) the compressed air supply, the axial hole 19, the horizontal air supply channel 18, the branch pipe 62, the flexible sleeve 12 (Fig. 2) and the air supply pipe 11, the rest of the compressed air will flow, which, acting on the working surfaces of the blades 33 of the rotor 25 (Fig. 6) and the working surfaces of the blades 41 of the drummer 39, will turn the latter clockwise to its original position. The pneumatic impact wrench 13 is prepared for a reliable subsequent start.

The pneumatic wrench 13 is rolled out from under the spinton with the help of the trolley 1, the unscrewed spinton nut is pulled out of the end head 24 and moved to a new working position. If it is necessary to carry a pneumatic wrench 13 through the rails, handle-brackets 10 are used (Fig. 1, 2).

In this case, the waste oil flowing down through the gap 68 (Fig. 5) between the body 14 and the impactor 39 accumulates in the cone-shaped bath 21 of the end cap 16 and through the annular groove 22 through the calibrated hole 23 enters the compressed air supply zone - the horizontal air supply channel 18 of the end cap. covers 16. At the next start of the pneumatic wrench 13, the oil is reused to lubricate all the rubbing surfaces of the shock-pulse mechanism.

The implementation of the impact moment on the cams 30 of the rotor 25, and therefore on the end head 24 when pulling and unscrewing the pin nut, i.e. at the end of the forward stroke of the striker 39, rotating counterclockwise (Fig. 18), and the absence of a shock moment on the rotor 25 at the end of the return stroke of the striker 39 (Fig. 8) is carried out by observing the ratio of the angles α>β of the lever 47 of the air distributor 44 (Fig. 9, 17), oriented, for example, relative to the axis of symmetry of its exhaust windows 46, 56 (Fig. 9). With such a ratio of angles α>β in the pneumatic wrench 13, an asymmetric mode of operation is realized, namely, at the end of the direct stroke of the impactor 39 (counterclockwise movement), all of its accumulated kinetic energy is spent on the impact rotation of the rotor 25 together with the end head 24 and, therefore, for tightening and unscrewing the pin nut. At the end of the return stroke of the drummer 39 (clockwise movement), the compressed air that entered the working chambers 42, acting on the working surfaces of the blades 41, smoothly stops it, and then starts to accelerate it counterclockwise, accumulating in it the next portion of the kinetic energy used for loosening the pin nut. The compressed air in the working chambers 42 also acts on the blades 33, which leads to the stop of the rotor 25 and the jamming of the rollers 27 (Fig. 10) between the freewheel clutch sprocket 26 and the housing 14 and the transfer of a smooth (shockless) reactive moment to it. The reactive moment through the axis 5 and the threaded inserts 4 (Fig. 3, 4) is perceived by the technological trolley 1 (Fig. 1, 2), the frame 2 of which is much larger in the axial direction than in the transverse direction. Therefore, one of the reactive forces of the pair is practically not felt by the operator, who holds the pneumatic wrench 13 by the handle 8 and the starter handle 9 of the cart 1 (Fig. 2).

Claims (4)

1. Pneumatic wrench for unscrewing pin nuts, containing a housing with an end cap, a rotor with cams located in it, two coaxial bushings connected by blades, and air inlet and exhaust windows, a drummer with cams covering the rotor bushings and installed with the possibility of reciprocating rotational motion and the interaction of its cams with the cams of the rotor, while the drummer is equipped with blades that form working chambers with the rotor blades, an air distributor with air inlet and exhaust windows coaxial with the specified windows of the rotor, respectively, installed in the axial hole of the rotor with the possibility of periodically communicating the working chambers with the air supply line and the atmosphere and the interaction of its lever with the drummer, a turnkey head and a freewheel to ensure the kinematic connection of the rotor with the housing, and in the air distributor a start spool is coaxially installed with the possibility of joint rotation with it, pressed by a spring in the axis left direction, in which air inlet and exhaust windows are made, located along the axis of the air inlet and exhaust windows of the air distributor, respectively, and additional air inlet and exhaust windows, moreover, additional air inlet and exhaust windows are made in the air distributor and rotor, made with the possibility of combining with additional air inlet and exhaust windows starting spool, respectively, characterized in that it is equipped with a trolley that includes a frame having two consoles, two brackets with wheels, a handle, a starter handle equipped with a valve, an air inlet pipe, a flexible hose for supplying compressed air to a pneumatic wrench, the body of which is made of a stepped and is equipped with two brackets, on which it is hinged to the consoles of the bogie frame, while the turnkey head is made in the form of an end head, made in one piece with the rotor, and on its shell there is an asterisk of the freewheel clutch and a circular I am a groove equipped with a protective collar. 2. Pneumatic wrench for unscrewing the pin nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that the end cap is equipped with a horizontal air supply channel. 3. Pneumatic wrench for unscrewing the pin nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that the end cap on the lower surface is equipped with skids. 4. Pneumatic wrench for unscrewing the pin nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that the end cap on the upper surface is equipped with a cone-shaped bath with an annular groove having a calibrated hole leading into the specified horizontal air supply channel.

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