RU2788358C2 - Biologically active quadrocomplex for regulation of skin microbiota biodiversity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: perfumery and cosmetic industry.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to perfumery and cosmetic industry for hand and/or body skin care. Biological complex active against bacteria selected from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, and intended for use in liquid soap, consisting of: a) essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolid), b) alpha-bisabolol, c) 1,8-cineole obtained from eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus spp.), d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate and where the mass ratio of components a:b:c:g is (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.3):(0.05-0 .35):(0.01-0.2) respectively. Liquid soap containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. the biological complex described above.

EFFECT: above biological complex is used to regulate the skin microbiota, which synergistically inhibits the growth of the population of opportunistic microorganisms selected from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, while maintaining the representatives of the normal microflora of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus.

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Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention can be used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics for hand and/or body skin care, as well as household chemicals. The biologically active complex is intended for use in perfumes and cosmetics and / or household chemicals and consists of: a) essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), b) alpha-bisabolol, c) 1,8-cineol, obtained from Eucalyptus eucalyptus leaves spp., g) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate and where the mass ratio of components a:b:c:g is (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.3):(0.05-0 .35):(0.01-0.2) respectively. The quadrocomplex can be used to regulate the skin microbiota, including the inhibition of the growth of the population of opportunistic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, the maintenance of a stable state of the resident microflora, a pronounced antibacterial effect on the transient microflora, the destruction of biofilms of opportunistic microorganisms

PRIOR ART

Every day, a person comes into contact with a large number of surfaces in public places and at home. In order to protect yourself from bacteria, it is necessary to take care of hand hygiene, since it is the cleanliness of hands that is the key to health and, accordingly, a high quality of life for people. Due to the frequent contact of hands with the most pathogenic microorganisms, in particular Staphylococcus aureus aureus, Esherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hygiene remains the most reliable way to protect yourself from bacteria-associated diseases according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization [https://www.who.int/patientsafe1y/information_centre/Last_April_version HH_Guidelines%5B3%5D.pdfJ.

According to experts, skin health is one of the fundamental foundations of overall human health. Infectious skin diseases significantly affect the quality of life of people, social aspects and cause the development of other serious diseases. So, washing hands with soap significantly reduces the likelihood of developing acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases [Curtis V & Cairncross S (2003) Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 3, 275-281.; Rabie T & Curtis V (2006) Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health 11, 258-267.; Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V & Larson EL (2008) Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a metaanalysis. American Journal of Public Health 98, 1372-1381.]. Despite the widespread use of sanitizers, handwashing with soap afterward remains an important measure for preventing environmentally transmitted fecal-oral diseases through contact with food and water sources [Curtis V, Cairncross S & Yonli R (2000) Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea - pinpointing the problem. Tropical Medicine & International Health 5, 22-32.]. In addition to diarrheal diseases, handwashing prevents the transmission of pneumonia, influenza, helminthic diseases, trachoma, fetal infections, HIV-associated infections, and gastrointestinal diseases [Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V & Larson EL (2008) Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health 98, 1372-1381; Blencowe H, Cousens S, Mullany LC et al. (2011) Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health 11 (Suppl. 3), S11.; Ejemot RI, Ehiri JE, Meremikwu MM & Critchley JA (2012) Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Systematic Review CD004265]. Hand hygiene is a sufficient measure to protect the transmission of infections through food in health care settings, kindergartens, educational institutions [Roberts L, Jorm L, Patel M, Smith W, Douglas RM & McGilchrist C (2000) Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of diarrheal episodes in child care: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 105 (pt. 1), 743-746; Bowen A, Ma H, Jianming O et al. (2007) A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a handwashing-promotion program in Chinese primary schools. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 1166-1173]. Previous studies confirm that the use of hand hygiene products is one of the most effective measures to prevent global epidemics from both an epidemiological and economic point of view [Cairncross S & Valdmanis V (2006) Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion. In: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edn (eds DT Jamison, JG Breman, AR Measham, G Alleyne, M Claeson, DB Evans, P Jha, A Mills & P Musgrove) World Bank, Washington, DC, Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11755/(Accessed 13 December 2013)].

Hand hygiene is the most common, effective, simple and inexpensive measure to prevent the spread of human health-related infectious diseases (HAIs) [Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (BR). Higienizacao das maos em servicos de saude [Internet], [acesso 24 ago 2012]. 2007. Disponivel em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/higienizacao_maos.pdf]. Effective hand hygiene not only reduces microbial contamination of the hands like antiseptics, but also, when appropriate measures are taken, does not adversely affect the skin. It is recommended that hygiene products be approved by regulatory authorities and be well tolerated by the skin to avoid sensitization and irritation [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA). Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Health Care Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. 2002 [Internet], [acesso 27 ago 2012] Disponivel em: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5116a1.htm]. In meta-analyses and intervention studies worldwide, regular hand hygiene has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diarrheal diseases by 33% (p<0.05). The use of soap with antibacterial components can achieve a reduction of 40% [Freeman, M. C, Stocks, M. E., Cumming, O., Jeandron, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Wolf, J., Curtis, V. (2014). Systematic review: Hygiene and health: systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(8), 906-916. doi:10.111l/tmi.12339].

Nowadays, no one doubts the need to use hand hygiene products. However, only a third of the world's population washes their hands with soap after using the toilet, and the annual cost of neglecting hygiene rules reaches $30 billion, according to the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Handwashing with soap remains the most effective way to prevent infections that kill more than 1.4 million children worldwide every year. It has been found that if parents frequently wash their hands, the death rate of newborns from respiratory infections is reduced by 20%, and from intestinal infections by 50%. Only 19% of people around the world wash their hands after touching contaminated surfaces. It is especially worth noting that the use of soap for handwashing is influenced by the economic well-being of countries. In particular, in low- and middle-income countries, only 13-17% of people wash their hands accordingly, while in developed countries this figure reaches 42-49%. Residents of the Republic of Korea and Israel have the lowest level of handwashing with soap compared to the highly developed countries of the world. The highest hygiene adherence rate was recorded in New Zealand (72%), Great Britain (52%), the Netherlands (50%) and the USA (49%) [Freeman, M. C, Stocks, M. E., Cumming, O., Jeandron, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Wolf, J., Curtis, V. (2014). Systematic review: Hygiene and health: systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 19(8), 906-916. doi:10.1111/tmi.12339]. Thus, the development of new products with antibacterial effect will support the hygiene development strategy in many countries of the world, since low adherence and high incidence of infectious diseases worldwide create the conditions for the emergence of epidemics. According to literature data, the use of soap with antibacterial effect in the future will reduce the number of deaths by more than 299 thousand people worldwide [Pruss-Ustun A, Bartram J, Clasen T et al. (2014) Burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low- and middle-income settings: a retrospective analysis of data from 147 countries. Tropical Medicine & International Health, doi: 10.1111/tmi.l2329]. Hygiene education and advice on the use of antibacterial agents has reduced the incidence of respiratory infections by 21% in all countries of the world without regard to the standard of living of the population, since the problem of hand hygiene is global [Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V & Larson EL (2008) Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health 98, 1372-1381].

In 2019, more than 300 outbreaks of infectious diseases were recorded in the Russian Federation, which arose as “diseases of dirty hands”. About 85% of those affected are children. These are not only intestinal, but also airborne infections with a severe course. The causative agents of infectious processes are localized in the upper respiratory tract, but also remain for a long time on environmental objects and human hands. Enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses persist for a long time on various surfaces, so hand washing remains the most important hygiene procedure that prevents the spread of pathogens and infection of people. Thorough hand washing with soap reliably cleanses the skin of pathogens. After washing, about 8% of pathogenic bacteria remain on the skin surface, such as Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Salmonella enterica and other bacteria.

Washing hands with soap for at least 20 seconds is recommended to prevent infections, but only 5% of people worldwide do this. About a third of people simply rinse their hands with water after using the restroom, and 10% do not wash their hands at all. Such conclusions were made by scientists at the University of Michigan (USA) based on observations of 3749 volunteers. Before cooking and eating, many people also do not pay attention to the initial cleanliness of their hands. In an experiment by American scientists, only 3% of volunteers (out of 383) washed their hands correctly before eating - according to a special technique, while maintaining the time interval. Most volunteers washed their hands for less than 20 seconds or did not dry their wet hands with a towel. As a result, pathogenic bacteria capable of causing severe respiratory and intestinal infections were isolated in smears from the skin of the palms of 81% of volunteers.

Behavioral differences that affect handwashing effectiveness include the use of gloves, nail polish, jewelry, hand lotion, and adherence to workplace standards. Whereas regular soap works by binding dirt and organic matter, antiseptic soaps contain specific germicidal ingredients that kill both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. One private study showed little difference between hand washing with regular toilet soap and antibacterial soap. Researchers in Korea compared the effects of two soaps on 20 strains of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus are best eliminated with ordinary toilet soap. At the same time, antibacterial soap retains a long-lasting antimicrobial effect, and after nine hours, fewer bacteria were detected on the skin of the hands than after using conventional soap, thanks to a change in the natural biodiversity of the skin microbiota.

As a result of numerous discussions, the US Food and Drug Administration has issued a decision that OTC antiseptic detergents containing certain active ingredients can no longer be commercialized because manufacturers of such products have not proven that the ingredients are safe. for long-term daily use and are more effective than ordinary soap and water in preventing a number of diseases and the spread of certain infections. Among these ingredients are: Cloflucarban, Fluorosalan, Hexachlorophene, Hexylresorcinol, Iodophors (Iodine-containing ingredients), Iodine complex (ammonium ether sulfate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), Iodine complex (phosphate ester of alkylaryloxy polyethylene glycol), Nonylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanoliodine, Poloxamer-iodine complex, Povidone-iodine 5 to 10 percent, Undecoylium chloride iodine complex, Methylbenzethonium chloride, Phenol (greater than 1.5 percent), Phenol (less than 1.5 percent), Secondary amyltricresols, Sodium oxychlorosene, Tribromsalan, Triclocarban, Triclosan, Triple dye. (https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-final-rule-safety-and-effectiveness-antibacterial-soaps). In this regard, the demand of consumers for the creation of an effective antibacterial cleanser suitable for processing and applying to the skin of various parts of the body, and that meets modern regulatory standards, is very relevant.

From an anatomical point of view, the human skin is the largest organ, accounting for 1/6 of the total body weight, and is involved in maintaining barrier function, protection against pathogens, chemicals and toxicants, harmful excess UV radiation, temperature fluctuations and dryness. From the very beginning of ontogenesis, the skin is a sterile organ; however, after birth, environmental microorganisms quickly colonize the stratum corneum of the epidermis with the formation of a special bacterial ecosystem - the microbiota. It should be noted that the bacterial cover of the skin is unique for each person and changes in different age periods of his life [Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:11971-11975; Capone KA, Dowd SE, Stamatas GN, Nikolovski J. Diversity of the human skin microbiome early in life. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2026-2032]. According to scientists, more than 100 different types of microorganisms live on the skin, making up a total of 1×10 ⁷ microorganisms per 1 cm ² of human skin [Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, et al. A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota. Genome Res 2008; 18:1043-1050]. The diversity of the microbiota is determined by various factors: colonization by non-resident microorganisms, genetic prerequisites, lifestyle, demographic characteristics and environmental conditions of the region of residence, as well as hygiene [Ursell LK, Clemente JC, Rideout JR, et al. The interpersonal and intrapersonal diversity of human-associated microbiota in key body sites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1204-1208; Rosenthal M, Goldberg D, Aiello A, et al. Skin microbiota: microbial community structure and its potential association with health and disease. Infect Genet Evol 2011; 11:839-848].

According to the theory of P. B. Price, formed in 1938, the skin microflora consists of 2 groups: a resident microflora, constantly present on the skin, and a transient flora, temporarily present in the surface layers of the skin. The resident microflora is a normal, commensal microbiota that maintains the homeostasis of other microorganisms and ensures skin health [Chiller K, Selkin BA, Murakawa GJ. Skin microflora and bacterial infections of the skin. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2001; 6:170-174]. The diversity of the transient and resident skin microflora is determined by the topographic features of the skin region and its properties (pH, degree of hydration, mineral content and sebum content), and can also vary from internal factors (genotype, age and gender) and external individual factors (lifestyle, use hygiene cosmetics) human [Fierer N, Lauber CL, Zhou N, et al. Forensic identification using skin bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:6477-6481]. The function of the resident microflora is to prevent the colonization of the skin by other, potentially pathogenic species of bacteria, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, which contribute to the development of inflammatory skin diseases, the development of dermatological diseases (atopic dermatitis, eczema) and worsen the quality of human life [Iwase T, Uehara Y, Shinji H, et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization. Nature 2010; 465:346-349]. Another important function of resident microorganisms is the modulation of the immune system of the skin, represented by macrophages, T-lymphocytes and Langerhans cells [Lai Y, Di NA, Nakatsuji T, et al. Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury. Nat Med 2009; 15:1377-1382; Wanke I, Steffen H, Christ C, et al. Skin commensals amplify the innate immune response to pathogens by activation of distinct signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:382-390]. Thus, maintaining normal microflora is a beneficial factor for human skin health [Blaser M. Antibiotic overuse: stop the killing of beneficial bacteria. Nature 2011;476:393-394].

The Hygiene Hypothesis, formulated in 1989, postulates that the excessive use of harsh detergents and synthetic antiseptic agents in their composition contributes to the more rapid spread of atopic skin diseases due to a pronounced, unnatural change in the biodiversity of the skin microbiota [Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ 1989; 299:1259-1260]. At the moment, more and more cases of allergic and chronic inflammatory skin diseases are being detected due to pronounced changes in the skin microbiota with a predominance of transient microflora [Ehlers S, Kaufmann SH. Infection, inflammation, and chronic diseases: consequences of a modern lifestyle. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:184-190]. Violation of the relationship between resident and transient microflora is one of the driving factors in the development of bacterial inflammatory skin diseases [Kuo IH, Yoshida T, De Benedetto A, Beck LA. The cutaneous innate immune response in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:266-278]. It is believed that the presence of Staphylococcus aureus aureus, which is found in more than 90% of patients with atopic dermatitis, contributes to the development of the pathogenesis of this dermatological skin disease [Boguniewicz M, Leung DY. Atopic dermatitis: a disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:233-246], and a decrease in Staphylococcus aureus colonization and an increase in resident strains of microflora provides a decrease in the severity of atopic dermatitis in patients [Huang JT, Abrams M, Tlougan B, et al. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis decreases disease severity. Pediatrics 2009; 123: e808-e814]. In a recent study, the resident microorganism, Staphylococcus epidermidis, was found to selectively limit the overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus [Iwase T, Uehara Y, Shinji H, et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization. Nature 2010; 465:346-349], and after the decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus, the number of beneficial species of the genera Streptococcus spp., Propionebacterium spp. and Corynebacterium spp. [Kong HH, Oh J, Deming C, et al. Temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. Genome Res 2012; 22:850-859]. Thus, the elimination of opportunistic microorganisms and a safe effect on resident microorganisms allows you to regulate the biodiversity of the microbiota and maintain human skin health.

The skin of the hands is a place for the exchange of microorganisms of the environment and the body. Pathogenic strains of bacteria live on the hands, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli [Scott E., Bloomfield S. The survival and transfer of microbial contamination via cloths, hands and utensils. J. Appl. bacteria. 1990; 68: 271-278]. Regular use of antiseptic products disrupts the microbiota of the skin of the hands, with a predominance of pathogenic microorganisms. Washing your hands more frequently than necessary not only removes pathogens but also resident microflora. In one of the private studies, it was found that pathogenic microorganisms predominate in people who wash their hands more than 4 times a day [Larson E. Skin hygiene and infection prevention: more of the same or different approaches? Clin. Infect. Dis. 1999; 29: 1287-1294]. Washing hands with soap from open reusable dispensers has been found to increase levels of opportunistic microorganisms on the hands of children in elementary school [Zapka C, Campbell E., Maxwell S., Gerba C, Dolan M., Arbogast J., Macinga D. Bacterial hand contamination and transfer after use of contaminated bulk-soap-refillable dispensers. Appl. Environ. microbiol. 2011; 77: 2898-2904]. However, clinical studies have noted the positive effect of hand washing with soap and / or the use of alcohol-based antiseptics in reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria [Fendler E., AH Y., Hammond B. et al. The impact of alcohol hand sanitizer use on infection rates in an extended care facility. Am. J. Infect. control. 2002; 30:226-233; White C, Kolble R., Carlson R. et al. The effect of hand hygiene on illness rate among students in university residence halls. Am. J. Infect. control. 2003; 31: 364-370].

Since hands are the main carrier of microorganisms between the environment and the body, the dynamics of microbial communities and the factors affecting them is of great importance for ensuring human health [Lax S., Smith P. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interactions between humans and the indoor environment. sci. Mag. 2014; 345: 1048]. The hands are rarely considered as a source of beneficial micro-organisms that provide a healthy microflora, highlighting the importance of the hands as a critical vector in microbiome dynamics.

Bacteria account for more than 90% of hand skin microorganisms, while viruses and fungi account for less than 5% [J. Oh, A. Byrd, D. Deming, S. Conlan, H. Kong, J. Segre, Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome, Nature 514 (2014) 59-64.]. In the course of 11 clinical studies, it was found that from 8 to 24 families of bacteria live on the skin of the hands, which are combined into 4 large taxonomic groups: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (more than 94%) and Bacteroides [N. Fierer, M. Hamady, C. Lauber, R. Knight, The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria, PNAS 105 (2008) 17994-17999]. The most common microorganisms belong to the families Staphylococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Propionibacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae. Representatives of the genus Corynebacteriaceae (type Actinobacteria), in particular Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium jeikeium, are harmless resident microorganisms, part of the normal skin microflora that prevents the accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms, and constitute from 2.1 to 23.6% of the microflora of the skin of the hands. Other resident microorganisms - Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis (type Firmicutes) - prevent the fixation of pathogenic microorganisms and form protective biofilms, in particular against Staphylococcus aureus, and make up from 1.7 to 28.2% of the microflora of the skin of the hands. Also on the skin in an amount of 3.1 to 47.8% there are always resident bacteria Propionibacterium spp. (type Actinobacteria), which regulate the pH of the acid mantle and release natural antimicrobial substances - bacteriocins and propionic acid. Streptococci Streptococcus spp. are represented in amounts from 3.7 to 49%. Thus, the most common types of normal human microflora are gram-positive bacteria of the families Staphylococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Propionibacteriaceae.

Pathogenic and opportunistic species are represented by bacteria of the families Bacteroidaceae (1.6-5.3%), Enterobacteriaceae (from 1.2%), Pseudomonodaceae (1.1-3.8%), Porphyromonadaceae (1.1-2, 0%), Prevotellaceae (1.0-5.6%), Flavobacteriaceae (1.0-10.8%), Bacillaceae (1.0-9.7%), Veillonellaceae (1.6-5.5% ), Nocardiaceae (up to 12.4%), Rhodobacteriaceae (up to 21.0%) and Brucellaceae (up to 4.0%), most of which are gram-negative microorganisms. Among the fungi, representatives of the genera Malassezia spp. and Aspergillus spp. [K. Findley, J. Oh, J. Yang, S. Conlan, C. Deming, J. Meyer, D. Schoenfeld, E. Nomicos, M. Park, H. Kong, J. Segre, Human skin fungal diversity, Nature 498 ( 2013) 367-370].

At the moment, a limited number of studies have been presented that assessed the effect of hygiene products on the microbiota of the skin of the hands, which necessitates the study of this topic. One study found that healthcare workers who regularly use alcohol-based hand sanitizers and report more than 40 handwashes with antibacterial soap per shift had lower overall biodiversity than the rest of the population [Rosenthal M., Aiello A., Larson E, Chenoweth C, Foxman B. Healthcare workers' hand microbiome may mediate carriage of hospital pathogens. pathogens. 2014; 3:1-13]. The length of time since the last handwash has affected the biodiversity of the hand microbiota. Thus, bacteria Propionibacteria, Neisseriales and Pasteurellaceae were more abundant after washing hands after >2 hours, and Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant on recently (<2 h) washed hands [Fierer N., Hamady M., Lauber C, Knight R. The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria. PNAS. 2008; 105: 17994-17999]. Changes in biodiversity of hand skin microbiota have been observed over time since the last handwash. It is especially worth noting that the use of oral antibiotics had a significant impact on the microbial of the hands, with the largest shift observed around the time of use [Flores G., Caporaso G., Henley J., Rideout J., Domogala D., Chase J., Leff J ., Vazquez-Baeza Y, Gonzalez A., Knight R., Dunn R., Fierer N. Temporal variability is a personalized feature of the human microbiome. Genome Biol. 2014; 15:531].

Significant differences are also based on a person's lifestyle. People living in the same house have more similar hand microbes than people living in different houses; and couples and their young children have more bacterial taxa than unrelated roommates [Lax S., Smith P. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interactions between humans and the indoor environment. sci. Mag. 2014; 345: 1048]. Moreover, pet ownership has led to a significant increase in opportunistic pathogens on the skin, and human hand microbiota has become more similar to their own pet's paws than to the paws of a pet in another household. In general, pet ownership increases the overall diversity of bacteria on the hands [Song S., Lauber C, Costello E., Lozupone C, Humphrey G., Berg-Lyons D., Knight R. Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs. eLife. 2013; 2: e00458].

Interaction with inanimate objects is another source of variability in the hand microbiota. The home is colonized by the microbiota of its occupant, and for most hand samples, microbial biodiversity can be compared to home light switches, indicating that hands are a key vector of microbial contamination of surfaces inside the home [Lax S., Smith P. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interactions between humans and the indoor environment. sci. Mag. 2014; 345: 1048].

To protect against overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms and maintain homeostasis of the resident microflora in the skin, it is necessary to use hygiene products with antibacterial substances that do not disturb the populations of human microorganisms. But at the moment there is the problem of the presence of superbugs - bacteria that are resistant to most of the antibacterial agents used by mankind. The prerequisites for antibiotic resistance were the daily and uncontrolled use of synthetic and semi-synthetic antibacterial substances in the composition of liquid and solid soaps, household chemicals, and oral care products. According to the FDA, the use of triclosan, triclocarban, chloroxylenol and benzalkonium chloride is possible after evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the components in long-term use [https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/antibacterial -soap-you-can-skip-it-use-plain-soap-and-water]. The effectiveness of these components may decrease with prolonged use, since bacteria of the skin of the hands develop resistance to them, which directly affects the safety of products with these components and, in general, determines the need for their use. An additional 19 components require additional safety assessment for regular use in disinfectants and cosmetics [https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/09/06/2016-21337/safety-and-effectiveness-of-consumer- antiseptics-topical-antimicrobial-drug-products-for].

An important parameter for evaluating the antibacterial action of the components is the ability to prevent the formation of biofilms of resistant bacteria together with the resident microflora. The microbiota is a harmonious system, so it is important to maintain a balance of microorganisms both on the skin and on surfaces. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus aureus, together with other opportunistic microorganisms, is able to form stable biofilms from the exopolysaccharide matrix and contribute to the development of dermatological diseases, in particular atopic dermatitis. It should be noted that not all antiseptic gels and antibacterial hand soaps show a pronounced antibacterial effect due to the prevalence of bacterial biofilms on the surface of the skin of the hands. Even products based on ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and triclocarban show little antibacterial effect in in vitro studies on the inhibition zone [Khalid Ahmed, Hamza Ahmed, Fasih Ali Ahmed, Alisha Akbar Ali, Jehangir Akbar, Junaid Rana, Uroosa Tariq, Syed Hani Abidi. Analysis of anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity of hand washes and sanitizers against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Jan;70(1):100-104. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.2776]. This is due to the fact that the reference bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most resistant microorganisms due to genetic rearrangements and the formation of protective biofilms as one of the pathogenicity factors of bacteria. Thus, there is a need for an antibacterial complex that could destroy biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms on the skin and contaminated surfaces, penetrate deeply into bacterial colonies, destroy opportunistic microorganisms without developing resistance in them, while changing biodiversity towards resident microorganisms.

According to the statement of the head of the World Health Organization Margaret Chan, the world is at the stage of the post-antibiotic era The most affordable way to stop the growth of antibiotic resistance can be the use of essential oils and the main biologically active components of them. Scientific studies have confirmed that many types of essential oils and their main components have pronounced antimicrobial activity, and their combinations are effective in combating pathogenic microorganisms without inhibiting populations of resident microorganisms.

Tea tree essential oil has known antiseptic properties [Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006; 19(1):50-62]. According to a scientific review, this essential oil not only reduces the colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces, but also has an antifungal effect [Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):853-900] and anti-inflammatory effects [Brand C, Ferrante A, Prager RH, Riley TV, Carson CF, Finlay-Jones JJ, et al. The water soluble components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) suppress the production of superoxide by human monocytes, but not neutrophils, activated in vitro. Inflamm Res. 2001;50(4):213-9].

The mechanism of the antibacterial action of this essential oil is due to the chemical components of the terpenoid structure and the high lipophilicity of the components. Essential oil components increase the permeability of bacterial cell membranes due to the formation of liposomal structures [Cox, SD, C.M. Mann, JL Markham, H. C. Bell, JE Gustafson, JR Warmington, and SG Wyllie. 2000. The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). J. Appl. microbiol. 88:170-175], which causes an increase in ion permeability and causes cell lysis. Additionally, essential oil components block the action of respiratory enzymes, bind potassium ions K ⁺ and increase the sensitivity of bacteria to sodium chloride and preservatives [С.F. Carson, K. A. Hammer, and T. V. Riley. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jan. 2006, Vol.19, No. 1, p.50-62. doi: 10.1128/CMR. 19.1.50-62.2006].

Also, due to the high content of terpinen-4-ol (more than 38%), tea tree essential oil fights the most resistant strains of bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus aureus [Loughlin, B.F. Gilmore, P.A. McCarron, M.M. Tunney. Comparison of the cidal activity of tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol against clinical bacterial skin isolates and human fibroblast cells, Lett. Appl. microbiol. 46 (2008) 428]. There is evidence that tea tree essential oil prevents the entry of influenza viruses into host cells due to disruption and blocking of envelope enzymes, which helps prevent viral replication and disease development [Li X, Duan S, Chu C, Xu J et al (2013) Melaleuca alternifolia Concentrate Inhibits in Vitro Entry of Influenza Virus into Host Cells Molecules, 18: 9550-66]. In a clinical study, liquid soap with 0.3% tea tree essential oil was shown to be more effective than 0.3% triclosan against hand skin pathogens [Gnatta JR, Pinto FMG, Bruna CQM, Padoveze MC, Graziano KU, Silva MJPD. 2015. Comparison of hand hygiene antimicrobial efficacy: Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil versus triclosan versus chlorhexidine. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 4: 1212-1219].

In vitro studies have found that tea tree essential oil has a more pronounced effect against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms than against resident representatives of the normal microbiota. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against pathogenic bacteria is 1.0% or less, while against commensal bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp. is more than 2% [С.F. Carson, K. A. Hammer, and T. V. Riley. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jan. 2006 Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 50-62. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006]. Thus, there is data on the minimum concentration of tea tree essential oil to inhibit the growth of the following pathogens associated with diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system: Bacillus cereus (0.3%), Bacteroides spp. (0.06-0, 50%), Enterococcus faecalis (>0.5%), Escherichia coli (0.08-2.00%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.25-0.30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1-8%), methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0.04-0.35%), Streptococcus pyogenes (0.12-2.00%). It should be noted that these values are higher for representatives of normal resident microflora: Corynebacterium spp. (>2%), Micrococcus luteus (0.25-6%), Lactobacillus spp. (1-2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (>4%) and Staphylococcus hominis (4%). Thus, tea tree essential oil has directed antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, rather than representatives of the normal microflora of the skin.

1,8-cineol (formerly eucalyptol) is the main component of the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus, known for its antibacterial and antiviral properties [Dhakad, A. K., Pandey, V. V., Beg, S., Rawat, J. M., & Singh, A. (2017). Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(3), 833-848. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8600]. According to the chemical structure, 1,8-cineole is menthane oxide, a monocyclic terpene with an oxygen fragment, thanks to which it acquired the ability to penetrate through hydrophobic membranes of various nature. The lipophilic nature of monoterpene determines that it is predominantly transferred from the aqueous phase to membrane structures, which leads to an increase in membrane permeability, an increase in its fluidity, a disruption in the functioning of proteins built into the membrane, and a change in the processes of transfer of ions and molecules (osmotic balance) into bacterial cells [Sikkema, J.; de Bont J.A.M.; Poolman, B. Interactions of cyclic hydrocarbons with biological membranes. J Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 8022-8028; Sikkema, J.; de Bont J.A.M.; Poolman, B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. microbiol. Rev. 1995, 59, 201-222].

It was found that the combination of 1,8-cineol and tea tree essential oil allows to reduce the concentration of components by 2 times while maintaining the high efficiency of the combination in protecting against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria [Zengin H, Baysal AH. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil terpenes against pathogenic and spoilage-forming bacteria and cell structure-activity relationships evaluated by SEM microscopy. Molecules. 2014 Nov 3; 19(11): 17773-98. doi: 10.3390/molecules191117773]. It has been established that terpinen-4-ol, the main component of tea tree essential oil (>40%), does not cause pronounced autolysis of resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the combination with 1,8-cineol provides a high antibacterial effect due to an increase in the permeability of bacterial biofilms and membranes. So, 1,8-cineol acts as a conductor, promoting a deeper penetration of the components into the bacteria.

Thus, this substance is a penetration enhancer, that is, it enhances the penetration of antibacterial substances through biofilms, cell walls and bacterial membranes, and also prevents the formation of biofilms of microorganisms when used together. 1,8-cineole in combination with antibacterial agents (terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, chlorhexidine bigluconate, etc.) has an effective antibacterial effect [Williams AS, Edwards HGM, Lawson EE et al. Molecular interactions between the penetration enhancer 1,8-cineole and human skin. J Raman Spectrosc 2006; 37: 361-6.]. Since the cell walls and membranes of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differ in chemical composition, the use of 1,8-cineol to increase the permeability of antibacterial components is one way to target it to increase penetration and, as a result, antibacterial effect.

Also, alpha-bisabolol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, the main component of the essential oil of candea Vanillosmopsis erythropappa, chamomile Chamomilla recutita and lavender Lavandula angustifolia. The substance has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella shiga, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp [Kazemi M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol (3) January 2014: 148-153]. The high antibacterial activity is due to the amphiphilic nature of the component: the presence of double bonds that ensure penetration through the lipid membrane, and alcohol hydroxyl, which interacts with water and promotes the formation of pores for the penetration of substances, and also inhibits the enzyme systems of microorganisms. Alpha-bisabolol acts on unformed bacterial biofilms, and when used together with penetration enhancers, it has an effective antibacterial effect [Robyn L. van Zyl. Sammy T. Seatlholo and Sandy F. van Vuuren. The Biological Activities of 20 Nature Identical Essential Oil Constituents. J. Essent. Oil Res., 18, 129-133].

Another direction in skin hygiene is the use of metal ions, to which resistance does not develop, and its antibacterial effect is stable. Silver ions have a long history, as they were used to treat bacterial infections and heal wounds during military operations. It turned out that to silver ions, unlike most medicinal substances, bacteria practically do not develop antibiotic resistance [Simon Silver. Bacterial silver resistance: molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Volume 27, Issue 2-3, June 2003, Pages 341-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00047-0]. The mechanisms by which silver ions exert their effect on bacteria and viruses remained unclear for a long time.

However, scientists from the University of Arkansas have studied the effect of silver ions on all molecular targets of a bacterial cell [https://aem.asm.org/content/86/6/e02479-19/article-info]. When added to Escherichia coli bacteria, silver ions weakened the bonds between proteins and DNA molecules, which led to a disruption in the growth of bacteria and their subsequent death. Silver ions also cause oxidative stress in cells [Xiangwen Liao, Fang Yang, Hongyan Li, Pui-Kin So, Zhongping Yao, Wei Xia, Hongzhe Sun. Targeting the Thioredoxin Reductase-Thioredoxin System From Staphylococcus Aureus by Silver Ions. Inorg Chem. 2017 Dec 18;56(24): 14823-14830. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01904. Epub 2017 Nov 28], change the structure of protein molecules and the membrane of bacterial cells [Anna Kędziora, Mateusz Speruda, Eva Krżyzewska, Jacek Rybka, Anna Łukowiak, Gabriela Bugla-Ploskonska. Similarities and Differences Between Silver Ions and Silver in Nanoforms as Antibacterial Agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 2;19(2):444. doi: 10.3390/ijms 19020444]. Silver ions have been found to prevent overgrowth of bacteria and the formation of dangerous biofilms on surfaces, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In March 2020, the U.S. Federal Government's Environmental Protection and Human Health Agency (EPA) published a list of substances that fight the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In addition to alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, it includes silver ions [https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2]. Scientific evidence confirms that silver particles have antiviral properties against HIV-1 [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2005/CC/b510984a#!divAbstract], hepatitis B virus [Lei Lu, Raymond Wai-Yin Sun, Rong Chen, Chee-Kin Hui, Chi-Ming Ho, John M Luk, George K K Lau, Chi-Ming Che. Silver Nanoparticles Inhibit Hepatitis In Virus Replication. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(2):253-62], respiratory syncytial virus [P L Taylor, O Omotoso, J B Wiskel, D Mitlin, R E Burrell. Impact of Heat on Nanocrystalline Silver Dressings. Part II: Physical Properties. biomaterials. 2005 Dec;26(35):7230-40. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.041] and herpes simplex virus type 1 [https://nanoscalereslett.springeropen.eom/articles/10.1007/s11671-008-9128-2].

An important parameter for evaluating the antibacterial action of the components is the ability to prevent the formation of biofilms of resistant bacteria together with the microflora. The microbiota is a harmonious system, so it is important to maintain a balance of microorganisms both on the skin and on surfaces. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus aureus, together with other opportunistic microorganisms, is able to form stable biofilms from the exopolysaccharide matrix and contribute to the development of dermatological diseases, in particular atopic dermatitis. It should be noted that not all antiseptic gels and antibacterial hand soaps show a pronounced antibacterial effect due to the prevalence of bacterial biofilms on the surface of the skin of the hands. Even products based on ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and triclocarban show little antibacterial effect in in vitro studies on the inhibition zone. This is due to the fact that the reference bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most resistant microorganisms due to genetic rearrangements and the formation of protective biofilms as one of the pathogenicity factors of bacteria. Thus, there is a need for a complex of components that could destroy biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms on the skin and contaminated surfaces, penetrate deeply into bacterial colonies, and destroy opportunistic microorganisms without developing resistance in them.

In patent application US 20110244030 A1 [MEDICA AVENUE (USA)] publ. 10/06/2011 compositions for topical application and method of application are disclosed. The composition comprises a foaming component and a carrier, as well as at least one active component. The foaming component can be a cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactant. The active ingredient may include eucalyptus essential oil, eucalyptol, chamomile extract, chamomile essential oil, tea tree essential oil, or silver particles. The observations of the authors show that compositions with this composition have the highest bioavailability. The embodiment may be a lotion, gel or other liquid form, as well as a topical antibacterial aerosol.

The compositions described above from patent application US 20110244030 A1 have a number of components that are undesirable for frequent use in products in direct contact with the skin of the hands. Anionic and cationic surfactants are sufficiently effective, however, the charged residues of the molecules cause an aggressive effect on the skin of the hands, in particular, an increase in the sensitivity of the hands with minimal contact and the complete destruction of microflora. Antibacterial components are used separately, in connection with which the risk of the emergence of multi-resistant microorganisms increases.

Known hand hygiene spray "75% Alcohol & Silver Hand Sanitizing Spray" (<UPL:https://www.skinprobiotics.net/products/70-alcohol-silver-hand-cleansing-gel?variant=31481204441145>) containing contains the following components: 75% isopropyl alcohol (w/w), aloe vera juice, vegetable glycerin, hydrogen peroxide, tea tree essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, citric acid, 10+ ppm silver ions.

The composition described above is based on 75% isopropyl alcohol, which is a fast-acting antiseptic that removes all microflora from the surface of the skin of the hands. The absence of favorable microflora after the use of alcohol solutions contributes to rapid colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. Essential oils of tea tree and eucalyptus are aromatic compositions, since the main antibacterial effect is determined by isopropyl alcohol. The active concentration of silver ions Ag ⁺ for a persistent antibacterial effect is 2000-2500 ppm, so in this case the component performs a marketing function.

Known cream after shaving "Beard Club After Shave Сgeat" (<URL: https://lonly.by/ukhod-za-kozhej/15649-krem-after-britya-beard-club>), containing the following components ( iNCI names are listed: Aqua (Water), Dicaprylyl Ether, Polyquaternium-37, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil, Pinus Sylvestris Leaf Oil, Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Leaf Oil, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Peel Oil, Bisabolol, Cupressus Sempervirens Oil, Myrtus Communis Oil, Isobornyl Acetate, Origanum Majorana Leaf Oil, Origanum Vulgare Oil, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Oil, Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate , Thymus Vulgaris Oil, Borneol, Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Guaiazulene, Citrus Nobilis (Mandarine Orange) Peel Oil, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil, Eugenia Caryophyllus Leaf Oil, Cymbopogon Martini Oil, Citrus Auranti um Amara (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PPG-26-Buteth-26, Salicylic Acid, Eugenol, Limonene, Linalyl Acetate, Linalool, Citral, Citronellol.

The composition described above contains eucalyptol, bisabolol, tea tree essential oil and other components for an anti-inflammatory effect, since shaving the skin is accompanied by irritation and redness. An additional antibacterial effect is mediated by the combination of essential oils. However, this composition is not intended for hand skin hygiene and maintaining the balance of microflora. Due to the wide range of essential oils containing cosmetic allergens (eugenol, limonene, linalyl acetate, linalool, citral and citronellol) and salicylic acid in the composition, the composition can cause unpleasant dermatological sensations and has the risk of causing an allergic reaction in people with sensitive skin, which is not provides dermatological comfort to consumers.

Known cosmetic soap "Intimate Soap Camomile, Calendula & Tea Tree" (<URL:https://www.ecco-verde.com/calendula-tea-tree>), containing the following components (INCI names are indicated): Aqua (Water), Lauryl Glucoside, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Water, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Coco Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Chamomille Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Calendula Officinalis (Calendula) Flower Extract, Salvia Officinalis Leaf Extract , Capryloyl/caproyl Methyl Glucamide, Lauroyl/myristoyl Methyl Glucamide, Sodium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Amaranth Protein, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Oil, Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Peel Oil, Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Oil, Dehydroacetic Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Benzyl Alcohol, Linalool, Limonene, Geraniol, Citral, Citronellol.

The cosmetic product described above is intended for the hygiene of the intimate area, and not the skin of the hands. Given the fact that the microflora of the mucous membranes of the intimate areas and the skin of the hands differ markedly in qualitative and quantitative composition, the composition cannot be used for hand skin hygiene in order to prevent antibacterial manifestations. Tea tree essential oil acts as a fragrance in this composition, since lactic and citric acids have the main effect as mild antibacterial regulators of the microflora of the intimate area.

Combining the components in the present invention allows for synergistic action and retention of efficacy at a lower percentage of input of each component. An innovative complex, including Melaleuca alternifolia oil, bisabolol, 1,8-cineole and silver ions, is aimed at protecting against opportunistic pathogens on the skin and surfaces due to an unexpectedly effective penetration deep into biofilms, which leads to the death of bacterial cells. The complex does not cause the development of resistance in bacteria, which allows it to be regularly used as part of cosmetic products for everyday use, household chemicals, disinfectants, etc.

The proposed innovative composition contains a synergistic combination of active ingredients, demonstrating an unexpected supertotal effect against pathogenic and/or opportunistic microorganisms, with a decrease in their biodiversity in general, while maintaining beneficial microflora, for example, on the skin. Without being bound to any theory, the inventors believe that the main effect is to inhibit enzyme systems and change the structure of protein molecules, weakening bonds between DNA strands and the appearance of oxidative stress, followed by disruption of bacterial growth and preventing the formation of stable biofilms on various surfaces. There is a deeper penetration of antibacterial agents through biofilms and even inside bacteria, an enhancer effect is observed, as well as an increase in the antibacterial activity of the components, which allows them to be used at low concentrations, incl. to minimize the risk of developing resistance in bacteria. By increasing the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, increasing its fluidity, disrupting the functioning of proteins built into the membrane, as well as changing the processes of ion and molecule transfer, osmotic stress occurs, which causes the death of bacterial colonies and further increases the penetration of antibacterial agents. The formation of liposomal structures may occur, further violating the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane and territorially delimiting bacterial elements, including quorum sensing molecules (QS molecules). As a result of application, the composition according to the invention promotes the formation of a protective film on a surface, such as, for example, the surface of the skin, for long-term protection and maintenance of hygiene. Thus, the combined use of the components of the composition according to the invention leads to a powerful increase in the antibacterial action due to the suppression of all major molecular targets and, subsequently, the vital activity of bacteria, and also makes it possible to ensure the homeostasis of the microbiota, for example, of the skin of the hands. A distinctive feature is that the components in the claimed concentrations act only against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, which allows stimulating the growth of resident microflora for natural protection. There is also no need to introduce aggressive synthetic antibacterial substances into the composition of the complex, such as triclosan, triclocarban, benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride and ethyl alcohol.

The achievement of the claimed technical results is illustrated in detail in the experimental part of this document. Such achievable technical results will be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the present research data. In addition, the possibility of using the quadrocomplex according to the invention for regulating the skin microbiota, including inhibiting the growth of the population of opportunistic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, maintaining a stable state of the resident microflora, a pronounced antibacterial effect on the transient microflora, and destroying biofilms of opportunistic microorganisms is noted separately. . These and other achievable results are within the scope of the claimed invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the first aspect, the invention relates to a biologically active complex intended for use in a perfume, cosmetic and/or household chemical product, consisting of:

a) essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia),

b) alpha-bisabolol,

c) 1,8-cineol obtained from the leaves of the eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp.,

d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate,

where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate and where the mass ratio of components a:b:c:g is (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.3):(0.05-0 .35):(0.01-0.2) respectively.

In the second aspect, the invention relates to liquid soap containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the third aspect, the invention relates to a shower gel containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the fourth aspect, the invention relates to a cosmetic product for scalp care, containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the fifth aspect, the invention relates to a cosmetic product for body skin care, containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the sixth aspect, the invention relates to a cosmetic hygiene product that does not contain ethyl alcohol, containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the seventh aspect, the invention relates to a means for washing the surface in contact with the skin of the hands, containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biologically active complex according to the invention.

In the eighth aspect, the invention relates to the use of a biologically active complex according to the invention for the regulation of the skin microbiota, including inhibition of the growth of a population of opportunistic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, maintaining a stable state of the resident microflora, a pronounced antibacterial effect on the transient microflora, destruction of opportunistic biofilms pathogenic microorganisms.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can be used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics for hand and/or body skin care, as well as household chemicals.

Within the scope of the invention is a biologically active complex intended for use (a biologically active complex for use) in perfumery and cosmetics and/or household chemicals. The biologically active complex can be used in perfumes and/or cosmetics, agents, compositions, products (perfumes and cosmetics). The biologically active complex can be used in products, agents, compositions, household chemicals.

The biologically active complex according to the invention contains or consists of:

a) tea tree essential oil such as Melaleuca alternifolia,

b) alpha-bisabolol,

c) 1,8-cineol obtained from the leaves of the eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp.,

d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate.

In the complex according to the invention, the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate.

The specified aqueous solution may contain about 19, 19.5, 20, 20.5, 21, 21.5, 22, 22.5 or 23% of the mass. citric acid or 19, 19.5, 20, 20.5, 21, 21.5, 22, 22.5 or 23% of the mass. citric acid by weight of the complex according to the invention.

Said aqueous solution may contain about 2280, 2300, 2350, 2400, 2450, 2500, 2550, 2600, or 2640 ppm silver citrate, or 2280, 2300, 2350, 2400, 2450, 2500, 2550, 2600, or 2640 ppm silver citrate. silver.

In the complex according to the invention, the mass ratio of components a:b:c:d is (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.3):(0.05-0.35):(0.01- 0.2) respectively.

In this weight ratio, tea tree essential oil can be about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 or 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 . Tea tree essential oil can be, % wt: about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 or, % wt: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 by weight of the complex according to the invention.

In said weight ratio, alpha-bisabolol may be about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3, or 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3. Alpha-bisabolol may be, wt %: about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3, or wt %: 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3 by weight of the complex according to the invention.

In the specified mass ratio, 1,8-cineole may be about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 or 0.35 or 0.05, 0.1, 0, 15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 or 0.35. 1,8-Cineol may be, wt %: about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, or 0.35 or wt %: 0.05, 0, 1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 or 0.35 by weight of the complex according to the invention.

In the indicated weight ratio, the aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate may be about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09 or 0.1 or 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.15 or 0, 2. An aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate may be, wt %: about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2, or, % mass: 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0 .09, 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2 by weight of the complex according to the invention.

A person skilled in the art understands that the technical result is achieved not only with the exact value of a quantitative parameter, but also close to it within the measurement error of such a parameter associated with various factors. In this regard, in the framework of this invention, when indicating "about" with any value of the parameter, it is understood that such a measurement error or interpretation error is taken into account with a certain accuracy of ± 10% of the specified value of the quantitative parameter. In other words, if the term "about 5" is used, then it should be construed as clear and unambiguously understood by a person skilled in the art both on the basis of the prior art and within the framework of this invention, referring to a certain numerical characteristic, and covering values that are in the range of values \u200b\u200b" 5±10%”, i.e. we are talking about the interval "from 4.5 to 5.5", including the limit values. Such an interpretation is traditional in the field of patent law, known to the average specialist in the field of technology to which the invention relates, clear and unambiguous.

Eucalyptus species suggested for use include E. globulus, E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. loxophleba, E. leocoxylon, E. smithii, E. maideni, E. bicostata, E. cineria and others that accept 1,8-cineole not less than 70% (v/v).

The biologically active complex preferably does not contain other actives and/or adjuvants, such as cosmetic actives and/or cosmetically acceptable adjuvants, but may contain them. Such substances may be, or are agents conventionally used in the art and well known to those skilled in the art. The addition of these agents to the composition of the complex according to the invention does not cancel the achievement of the claimed technical results, but can improve them.

Within the scope of the invention are such perfumery and cosmetic products as liquid soap, shower gel, scalp care product, e.g. shampoo, hair conditioner, etc., body skin care product, e.g. soap liquid or solid, body gel (shower gel), intimate hygiene products, etc., cosmetic hygiene product that does not contain alcohol (ethyl, isopropyl, etc.), such as any cosmetic hygiene product that does not contain alcohol. Such a product may contain about 0.3-0.7% of the mass. a biologically active complex according to the invention, for example, about 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7% by weight, or 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7% wt. from the weight of the product. If this is required according to the developed formulation for a particular perfumery and cosmetic product, such as, for example, but without limitation, scalp care products, such a product may contain an increased amount of the complex according to the invention, for example, up to 2% of the mass. by weight of the product, which can be determined by a qualified specialist. In this case, the product may contain about 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, or 2% by weight, or 0.3 , 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5 or 2% wt. from the weight of the product.

Within the scope of the invention are also household chemicals, for example, but not limited to, products for washing surfaces in contact with the skin of the hands, such as detergents, liquid or solid soap, powder, etc. Such a product may contain about 0.3-0.7% of the mass. a biologically active complex according to the invention, for example, about 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7% by weight, or 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7% wt. from the weight of the product. If it is required according to the developed formulation for a specific household chemical product, such as, for example, but without limitation, a means for washing a surface in contact with the skin of the hands, such a product may contain an increased amount of the complex according to the invention, for example, up to 2% of the mass . by weight of the product, which can be determined by a qualified specialist. In this case, the product may contain about 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, or 2% by weight, or 0.3 , 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5 or 2% wt. from the weight of the product.

The most preferred, but non-limiting, embodiment of the biologically active complex is a complex consisting of:

a) essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia),

b) alpha-bisabolol,

c) 1,8-cineol obtained from the leaves of the eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp.,

d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate,

where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate and where the mass ratio of components a:b:c:d is (0.09-0.11):(0.09-0.11):(0.019-0.021): (0.019-0.021), respectively.

The invention also includes the use of a biologically active complex according to the invention for the regulation of alpha and beta biodiversity of the microflora and/or microbiota of the skin of the hands, for inhibiting the growth of the population of opportunistic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, to maintain a stable state of the resident microflora of the skin of the hands. This action is fully disclosed by the materials of this application.

All mass fractions, mass parts, mass percentages, as well as volume fractions, volume parts, volume percentages in the present disclosure are given in relation to the agent, agent, composition or product to which they refer in the indicated context.

The biologically active complex is characterized in that tea tree essential oil is a commercially available product or a custom synthesized (isolated) product and is a substance with registration number CAS 68647-73-4.

The biologically active complex differs in that alpha-bisabolol is a commercially available product or a synthesized (isolated) product to order and is a substance with registration number CAS 515-69-5/23089-26-1.

The biologically active complex is distinguished by the fact that 1,8-cineol is a commercially available product or a custom-synthesized (isolated) product and is a substance with registration number CAS 470-82-6.

The biologically active complex is distinguished by the fact that an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate is a commercially available product or a custom-synthesized (isolated) product and is a substance with registration number CAS 126-45-4.

In the products of the invention, cosmetically acceptable adjuvants may be selected from (INCI), but not limited to: Aqua, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Sunfloweroyl Methylglucamide, Coco-Glucoside, Glycerin, D-panthenol, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Lactic Acid, Citric acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Glyceryl Oleate, Parfum, Sodium Chloride, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Benzoic Acid and/or Dehydroacetic Acid, all of which are commercially available.

The composition according to the invention may contain, % wt.:

tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil 0.10-0.50, alpha-bisabolol Bisabolol rac. 0.05-0.30, 1,8-cineole Eucalyptol 0.05-0.35, aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate (Aqua, Citric acid and Silver citrate) 0.01-0.20.

The present invention can be used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics for skin care and relates to a biologically active complex containing highly effective components: a) essential oil of tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil, b) alpha-bisabolol obtained from essential oils or synthetically, c) 1,8-cineol obtained from the leaves of Eucalyptus spp. eucalyptus, d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, to maintain skin hygiene.

Tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil (INCI: Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil) is a commercially available cosmetic ingredient well known to those skilled in the art.

Alpha-bisabolol (INCI: Bisabolol gas) is a commercially available cosmetic ingredient well known to those skilled in the art.

1,8-cineol (INCI: Eucalyptol) is a commercially available cosmetic ingredient well known to those skilled in the art.

An aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate (INCI: Aqua (and) Citric acid (and) Silver citrate) is a commercially available cosmetic ingredient well known to those skilled in the art.

In the agent according to the invention, auxiliary acceptable substances can be selected from the list, but without limitation: Aqua, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Sodium Laureth Sulphate, Decyl glucoside, Sunfloweroyl Methylglucamide, Coco-Glucoside, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Alkylpolyglycoside C10-16, Alkyl polyglycoside C8- 10 Caprylyl & Decyl Glucoside Sarcosinate, Sodium С12-Cl8 alkyl sulfate, Potassium cocoate, Glycereth-6 Cocoate, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Iminodipropionate, Laureth-9 & Laureth-3, Polyethylene Glycol (7) Lauryl Ether, Lauryl glucoside, Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate (and) Polyglyceryl-3 Cocoate (and) Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate (and) Polyglyceryl-6 Ricinoleate, Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate/Sebacate (and) Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate/Caprate, Sodium Carboxym ethyl Carbohydrate, Glycerin, D-panthenol, Xanthan gum, Gossypium herbaceum seed extract, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, Glycolic Acid, Sodium hydroxide, Trisodium citrate dehydrate, Sodium sulphate, Sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Benzoic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid, Potassium sorbate, Sodium benzoate, Methylisothiazolinone, Benzoisothiazolinone, Sodium Chloride, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Trisodium salt of Methylglycinediacetic acid, Parfum, Eucalyptus essential oil, Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) essential oil, Melissa officinalis (Melissa) oil, Mentha piperita ( Pippermint) essential oil, Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) essential oil, Citrus Nobilis (Tangerine) essential oil, or Propionic Acid Bacteria Lysate, all of which are commercially available.

EXPERIMENTAL PART

The examples included in the present description are not limiting the claimed invention and are provided only for the purpose of illustrating and confirming the achievement of the expected technical results. These examples are one of many experimental data obtained by the inventors, which confirm the effectiveness of the means that are within the scope of the invention.

Studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the composition of the invention.

Example 1

A study was made of the antibacterial activity of liquid hand soap with components of an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, namely tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) leaf oil, alpha-bisabolol, 1,8-cineol, and an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate.

A mixture consisting of Aqua, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Coco-Glucoside, Glycerin, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Lactic Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Benzoic Acid, shown in Table No. 1, was used as a base for the inclusion of the components of the complex.

The base of liquid soap for hand skin care was made as follows: solubilizer glycerin and chelating agent glutamate diacetate tetrasodium salt were mixed with purified water while stirring in an ordinary mixer until the mixture was homogeneous. Next, the surfactants sodium coco sulfate, coco glucoside, cocamidopropyl betaine were added. At the very end, an organic acid was added to adjust the pH, preservatives benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid to maintain microbiological stability throughout the shelf life. The ingredients were mixed until a homogeneous clear solution was obtained.

The analysis technique is based on the serial dilution method and consists in preparing a suspension of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells separately at a concentration of 1x10 ⁹ cells/ml. Next, 0.2 ml of a suspension of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells is added to 1.8 ml of a 5% liquid soap solution containing components of a biologically active quadrocomplex. After 30 minutes, 1 ml of the resulting mixture is added to a test tube with 9 ml of sterile saline 0.9%. After another 15 minutes, a series of dilutions is prepared in sterile saline to a concentration of 10 ³ cells/ml. 0.1 ml of a solution of the initial concentration and successive dilutions is added to the surface of cups with a special nutrient medium for the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus separately. The cultures are incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius and the colonies are counted by the standard method.

The parameter for the overall assessment of the antibacterial activity of the biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap was the count of the number of grown colonies (CFU / ml), determined by the microbiologist based on the results of the study. The indicator of the number of colony-forming units of bacteria CFU / ml allows you to evaluate the severity of antibacterial activity against the selected strain of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with daily use of the biologically active quadrocomplex as part of liquid soap. The general positive trend in the use of liquid soap with the claimed complex is a decrease in the biodiversity of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the skin of the hands, which will stimulate the growth of beneficial microflora to maintain hygiene and dermatological comfort.

According to the results of the assessment of antibacterial activity, it was found that the studied biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap has a pronounced antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to the control. The control version is a suspension of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells in 1.8 ml of a 5% liquid soap solution that does not contain components of the biologically active quadrocomplex.

At the end of the study, pronounced changes in the estimated indicator of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli were observed. According to the dynamics of the indicator, relative to the initial concentration of E. coli, the concentration of bacteria decreased by 99.97% on average when studying various dilutions, which is a coefficient of reduction in contamination of 4log ₁₀ . The control version also showed a decrease in the number of pathogenic bacteria E. coli, but by a smaller value.

To compare the results of the control and experimental groups, statistical processing of the results was carried out. To compare two samples with a known distribution law, a parametric Student's t test is used for two independent samples. This method allows you to test the hypothesis that the means of two general populations, from which two compared independent samples are extracted, differ from each other.

The t-test (practical) and t-test (0.95,f) values are 8.04 and 4.31, respectively. Thus, between sample 1 (control version) and sample 2 (experimental version) there are statistically significant differences in the concentration of E. coli with an error probability of less than 5%. According to the results of statistical data processing, the biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap has significant antibacterial activity compared to the control sample against Escherichia coli as a representative of the pathogenic gram-negative microflora of the skin of the hands (Table No. 2).

Also, at the end of the study, pronounced changes in the estimated indicator of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus were observed. According to the dynamics of the indicator, relative to the initial concentration of S, aureus, the concentration of bacteria decreased by 99.25% on average when studying various dilutions, which is a coefficient of reduction in contamination of 3log ₁₀ . The control version also showed a decrease in the number of pathogenic bacteria S. aureus, but by a smaller amount.

To compare the results of the control and experimental groups, statistical processing of the results was carried out. To compare two samples with a known distribution law, a parametric Student's t test is used for two independent samples. This method allows you to test the hypothesis that the means of two general populations, from which two compared independent samples are extracted, differ from each other.

The t-test (practical) and t-test (0.95,f) values are 14.09 and 4.31, respectively. Because t-test (practical) > t-test (0.95,f). Thus, between sample 1 (control version) and sample 2 (experimental version) there are statistically significant differences in the concentration of S. aureus with an error probability of less than 5%. According to the results of statistical data processing, the biologically active quadrocomplex in the liquid soap has significant antibacterial activity compared to the control sample against Staphylococcus aureus aureus as a representative of the resistant pathogenic gram-positive microflora of the skin of the hands, capable of forming stable biofilms on various surfaces (Table No. 3).

The microbiota is a harmonious system, so it is important to maintain a balance of microorganisms both on the skin and on surfaces. In particular, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, together with other opportunistic microorganisms, are able to form stable biofilms from the exopolysaccharide matrix and contribute to the development of various diseases due to the release of toxins [E. Scott, S. Bloomfield. The survival and transfer of microbial contamination via cloths, hands and utensils. J. Appl. bacteria. 68 (1990) 271-278].

The base of the composition of liquid soap will gently cleanse hand skin impurities and increase the access of biologically active substances (BAS) of the quadrocomplex to hard-to-reach areas of the skin, thereby increasing the effectiveness of BAS against opportunistic microflora. The study of liquid soap with the claimed biologically active quadrocomplex led to a high antibacterial effect against opportunistic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are a causative factor in the development of dermatological and gastrointestinal diseases and a representative of the transient microflora of the skin of the hands. Reducing the alpha and beta biodiversity of opportunistic strains, in particular Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, will shift the alpha biodiversity towards the beneficial resident microflora of the skin of the hands and improve the dermatological condition of the skin in general.

Since the composition contains an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate containing active silver ions Ag ⁺ , and alpha-bisabolol sesquiterpene alcohol with a synergistic antibacterial effect due to the suppression of unformed biofilms of transient pathogenic skin bacteria, with prolonged use, the number of opportunistic pathogens will decrease. microorganisms in the upper layers of the skin. Together, an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate as a carrier of silver ions Ag ⁺ and alpha-bisabolol inhibit the enzyme systems of microorganisms that provide metabolism and cell division. When used together with penetration enhancers such as 1,8-cineol, the components have a synergistic antibacterial effect by improving the permeability of the components through the lipophilic membranes of bacteria and the formation of liposomal structures together with tea tree essential oil. The components of tea tree essential oil block the action of respiratory enzymes and bind potassium ions K ⁺ , which causes osmotic shock and lysis of bacterial cells.

Thus, the combination of components makes it possible to achieve a synergistic effect against opportunistic microorganisms due to the destruction of biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms and a minimal risk of developing resistance in bacteria, which allows it to be regularly used as part of various perfumery and cosmetic products, as well as household chemicals.

Example 2

A study was made of the antibacterial activity of liquid hand soap with components of an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, namely tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) leaf oil, alpha-bisabolol, 1,8-cineol, and an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate.

As a base for the inclusion of the components of the complex, the mixture shown in Table No. 1 was used. A base of liquid soap for hand skin care was made by the method described in Example 1.

The analysis technique is based on MUK 4.2.801-99 “Methods of microbiological control of perfumery and cosmetic products”, serial dilution method. 5 pathogenic test microorganisms were selected, widely represented on the skin of the hands and responsible for various bacterial diseases: Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus bacilli ATCC 10702, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida fungi Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The following diagnostic media were used for growth assessment: buffer solution for Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans, McConkey broth for Escherichia coli, saline broth for Staphylococcus aureus, meat peptone broth with glucose for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The dilution method consists in taking a suspension of bacterial cells of test strains in a certain concentration as a control. In parallel, a liquid soap sample is diluted 1:1000 with the addition of a suspension of test microorganisms. Next, the solution of the initial concentration and the dilution solution are applied to the surface of the cups with a special nutrient medium for the growth of microorganisms. Crops are incubated for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius and growth is determined by a visual method.

The parameter for the overall assessment of the antibacterial activity of the biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap was the presence or absence of growth of test microorganisms, determined by the microbiologist based on the results of the study. The bacterial growth rate allows to evaluate the instant antibacterial effect against the selected test strain of microorganisms with daily use of the biologically active quadrocomplex in liquid soap. The general positive trend in the use of liquid soap with the claimed complex is the absence of growth of opportunistic microorganisms on the surface of the skin, which will stimulate the growth of beneficial microflora to maintain hygiene and dermatological comfort.

According to the results of the assessment of antibacterial activity, it was found that the studied biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap has a pronounced antibacterial effect against 5 test microorganisms compared to the control. The control version is a suspension of bacterial cells of test microorganisms in a liquid soap solution that does not contain components of a biologically active quadrocomplex.

At the end of the study, pronounced changes in the estimated indicator, namely antibacterial activity, were observed. According to the dynamics of the indicator, relative to the initial concentration of test strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans), the concentration of all test microorganisms decreased by 99.90% on average when studying various dilutions, which is a reduction factor of 3log ₁₀ .

Control version showing growth of test microorganisms, i.e. lack of antibacterial activity (Table No. 4).

The microbiota is a harmonious system, so it is important to maintain a balance of microorganisms both on the skin and on surfaces. In particular, opportunistic resistant Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, together with other opportunistic microorganisms such as Candida albicans and Bacillus cereus, can form stable biofilms from the exopolysaccharide matrix and contribute to the development of various dermatological and systemic diseases. The peculiarity of these microorganisms is that they are often multi-resistant, because. have developed drug resistance to many antibacterial substances, which complicates their growth inhibition and death in the current epidemiological situation.

The base of the composition of liquid soap will gently cleanse hand skin impurities and increase the access of biologically active substances (BAS) of the quadrocomplex to hard-to-reach areas of the skin, thereby increasing the effectiveness of BAS against opportunistic microflora. The study of liquid soap with the claimed biologically active quadrocomplex led to a high antibacterial effect against opportunistic strains that are a causative factor in the development of dermatological and systemic diseases and representatives of the transient microflora of the skin of the hands. Reducing the biodiversity of opportunistic strains, in particular those forming stable biofilms, will help shift alpha and beta biodiversity towards beneficial resident skin microflora and improve the dermatological condition of the skin in general.

Since the composition contains an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate containing active silver ions Ag ⁺ , and alpha-bisabolol sesquiterpene alcohol with a synergistic antibacterial effect due to the suppression of unformed biofilms of transient pathogenic skin bacteria, with prolonged use, the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the skin will decrease. upper layers of the skin. Together, silver citrate as a carrier of silver ions Ag ⁺ and alpha-bisabolol inhibit the enzyme systems of microorganisms that provide metabolism and cell division. When used together with penetration enhancers such as 1,8-cineol, the components have a synergistic antibacterial effect by improving the permeability of the components through the lipophilic membranes of bacteria and the formation of liposomal structures together with tea tree essential oil. The components of tea tree essential oil block the action of respiratory enzymes and bind potassium ions K ⁺ , which causes osmotic shock and lysis of bacterial cells.

Thus, the combination of components makes it possible to achieve a synergistic effect against opportunistic microorganisms due to the destruction of biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms and a minimal risk of developing resistance in bacteria, which allows it to be regularly used as part of various perfumery and cosmetic products, as well as household chemicals.

Example 3

A study was made of the antibacterial activity of samples with components of an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, namely tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) leaf oil, alpha-bisabolol, 1,8-cineol, and an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate.

A mixture consisting of purified water and 0.5% Tween 80 was used as a base for including the components of the complex. Samples were prepared using a magnetic stirrer by solubilizing the components of the quadrocomplex in Tween 80 and gradually introducing them into purified water at 350 rpm. The stability of the samples was evaluated visually, by the absence of separation of the fatty phase from the aqueous solution.

2 strains of microorganisms of normal microflora, widely represented on the skin of the hands, were selected: epidermal staphylococcus Staphylococcus epidermidis and micrococcus Micrococcus luteus. Microorganisms of transient opportunistic microflora present on the skin of the hands were also selected: Staphylococcus aureus aureus, E. coli Escherichia coli and fungi of the genus Candida albicans. Microorganisms were obtained by washing from the skin of the hands of volunteers or using standard strains, cultivating isolated microorganisms and counting the number of grown colonies of microorganisms.

The analysis technique is based on the serial dilution method and consists in preparing a suspension of bacterial cells of selected microorganisms (S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, S. epidermidis, M. luteus) separately at a concentration of 1 × 10 ⁹ cells / ml. Next, 0.2 ml of a suspension of bacterial cells is added to 1.8 ml of a 5% solution of antibacterial components. After 30 minutes, 1 ml of the resulting mixture is added to a test tube with 9 ml of sterile saline 0.9%. After another 15 minutes, a series of dilutions is prepared in sterile saline to a concentration of 10 ³ cells/ml. 0.1 ml of a solution of the initial concentration and successive dilutions is added to the surface of cups with a special nutrient medium for the growth of selected microorganisms separately. The cultures are incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius and the colonies are counted by the standard method.

The parameter for the overall assessment of the effect of the biologically active quadrocomplex on the growth of representatives of the normal microflora was the presence or absence of growth of microorganisms, determined by the microbiologist based on the results of the study. The indicator of bacterial growth allows us to evaluate the effect of microflora on microorganisms and draw a conclusion about the quadrocomplex's own effect on the microflora of the skin of the hands. The general positive trend in the use of the components of the proposed quadrocomplex is the absence of a negative effect on the normal microflora of the skin of the hands and a pronounced antibacterial effect on the transient microflora, which will ensure the maintenance of natural non-pathogenic microflora for dermatological comfort and hygiene of the skin of the hands.

Based on the results of assessing the influence on the growth of representatives of normal and transient microflora, it was found that the studied biologically active quadrocomplex and its components do not have an antibacterial effect on representatives of the normoflora of the skin of the hands. At the end of the study, the growth of bacteria strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus was observed. However, the components of the complex differently affect the transient opportunistic human microflora, having a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Separately, the components are able to slow down the growth of opportunistic microorganisms or inhibit growth in most crop zones, however, the combination allows you to achieve a synergistic antibacterial effect for the prevailing lack of microbial growth (Table # 5).

The microbiota is a harmonious system, so it is important to maintain a balance of microorganisms both on the skin and on surfaces. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus, together with other opportunistic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, is able to form stable biofilms from the exopolysaccharide matrix and contribute to the development of various dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis [E. Scott, S. Bloomfield. The survival and transfer of microbial contamination via cloths, hands and utensils. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 68 (1990) 271-278].

The components of the biologically active quadrocomplex specifically affect the growth of opportunistic microorganisms, to which resistance quickly develops and which form stable protective biofilms, but do not have a negative effect on resident microorganisms, which makes it possible to provide targeted protection against the development of opportunistic representatives and maintain a harmonious biodiversity of microflora . A decrease in the biodiversity of pathogenic strains will contribute to a shift in alpha and beta biodiversity towards the beneficial resident microflora of the skin of the hands and an improvement in the dermatological condition of the skin in general.

Since the composition contains an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate containing active silver ions Ag ⁺ , and alpha-bisabolol sesquiterpene alcohol with a synergistic antibacterial effect due to the suppression of unformed biofilms of transient pathogenic skin bacteria, with prolonged use, the number of transient microorganisms in the skin will decrease. upper layers of the skin. When used together with penetration enhancers like 1,8-cineol, the components have a synergistic antibacterial effect by improving the permeability of the components through the lipophilic membranes of bacteria and the formation of liposomal structures together with the effective tea tree essential oil. The components of tea tree essential oil block the action of respiratory enzymes and bind potassium ions K ⁺ , which causes osmotic shock and pronounced lysis of bacterial cells. It should be noted that the components of the complex, individually and together, do not have a bacteriostatic effect on the representatives of the resident microflora of the skin of the hands, which maintains the biodiversity of normal microflora and provides natural skin protection.

Thus, combining the components into a single complex makes it possible to achieve a synergistic effect against opportunistic microorganisms (S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans) and the preservation of representatives of the normal microflora (S. epidermidis, M. luteus), capable of providing natural protection. from overgrowth of transient flora. The claimed biologically active quadrocomplex has a high antibacterial effect against opportunistic transient strains that are a causative factor in the development of dermatological and systemic diseases and representatives of the transient microflora of the skin of the hands. A decrease in the representation of opportunistic strains, in particular those forming stable biofilms, will contribute to the shift of alpha and beta biodiversity towards the beneficial resident microflora of the skin of the hands and improve the dermatological condition of the skin in general. Since the normal microflora of the skin is preserved at the site of application, it is possible to use it as part of various perfumery and cosmetic products and household chemicals on a regular basis.

Example 4

A clinical and laboratory study was conducted with the participation of healthy volunteers to assess the effect of an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, namely the essential oil of the tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) leaf oil, alpha-bisabolol, 1,8-cineol and an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, on the microflora of the skin with a single and regular use of liquid soap as a basic perfume and cosmetic product.

A mixture consisting of Aqua, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Coco-Glucoside, Glycerin, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Lactic Acid, Benzyl Alcohol, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Benzoic Acid, shown in Table No. 1, was used as a base for the inclusion of the components of the complex. The process for making liquid soap is described in Example 1.

To determine the effect of the biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap on the skin microflora, an open prospective double-blind comparative study was conducted on 40 volunteers. During the trials, participants were divided into 2 groups: an experimental group of 20 volunteers who used liquid soap with an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, and a control group who used liquid soap without an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex. All volunteers included in the study washed their hands in warm running water for at least 30 seconds using 1.5 ml of liquid soap, actively lathering the skin of their hands until abundant foam appeared. Volunteers of both groups used the product in accordance with the recommendations for use, at least 4 times a day. The total duration of the study for volunteers was 21 days, with interim visits on days 1 and 7 of the study.

For microbiological research, material was taken from the surface of the skin of the hands using a sterile swab, wiping the skin of the palms for 30 seconds. After that, the swabs were immersed in a sterile transport nutrient medium (Stuart's medium) and delivered to the microbiological laboratory for analysis within an hour. Inoculations of the material from the liquid transport medium were carried out on differential diagnostic dense nutrient media.

The parameter for the overall assessment of the impact on the microflora of the skin of the hands was the change in the biodiversity of the microflora of the skin of the hands (in quantitative units), namely the number of grown CFU of microorganisms obtained from washings from the skin of the hands of volunteers. A general positive trend is a decrease in the alpha and beta biodiversity of microflora on the skin of the hands, with a predominant inhibition of opportunistic microorganisms.

For quantitative data, the group arithmetic mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The obtained data were processed using the MS Excel program. The probability of differences in mean indicators at different points in time was determined using Student's t - test with a normal distribution in independent and dependent samples. Differences were considered significant at a significance level of p<0.05.

The results of a bacteriological study of clinical material obtained from the skin of the hands of volunteers (Table No. 6) showed a significant decrease in microbial contamination in the main group compared to the control (p<0.05) with long-term use of a perfume and cosmetic product. Despite the fact that healthy volunteers with healthy skin of the hand, without visible damage, participated in the tests, according to the results of comparing the dynamics of the indicator, it was found that during the use of liquid soap with an antibacterial biologically active quadrocomplex, a statistically significant change in the indicator was observed (p<0.05, t-Student for 2 dependent samples). Prior to the use of liquid soap with antibacterial components, mainly S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, Micrococcus spp., other gram-positive rods, as well as colonies of opportunistic microorganisms were sown. 3 hours after washing the skin of the hands, a sharp decrease in the number of grown colonies was observed due to the washing effect of surfactants in the composition of liquid soap and antibacterial components that are part of the biologically active quadrocomplex. Further use of the composition in the composition of the soap showed a significant decrease in the number of colonies compared with the first day. The presence of a stable small number of colonies that grew on the 7th and 21st days of the study indicates a pronounced bacteriostatic effect of the biologically active quadrocomplex against opportunistic microorganisms and some representatives of the resident microflora that excessively inhabit the skin of the hands. Given the fact that volunteers at the entrance showed a good level of microflora and used hygiene products during the COVID-19 pandemic, the observed effect with higher contamination will be more noticeable, and the alpha and beta biodiversity of the microflora is much lower.

In volunteers in the control group, who used liquid soap without a biologically active quadrocomplex, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, Micrococcus spp., as well as colonies of opportunistic microorganisms, were sown before the start of the study. 3 hours after washing the skin of the hands, a sharp decrease in the number of grown colonies was observed due to the washing action of surfactants in the composition of liquid soap. With long-term use, there was a tendency to reduce the sowing of crops, but less pronounced than in the case of liquid soap with a biologically active quadrocomplex. The presence of a stable significant number of colonies that grew on the 7th and 21st days of the study indicates a very weak bacteriostatic effect of the biologically active quadrocomplex against opportunistic microorganisms and some representatives of the resident microflora that abundantly inhabit the skin of the hands.

According to the test results, it was shown that the biologically active quadrocomplex in the composition of liquid soap changes the microflora of the skin of the hands with regular use of the product containing it. The use of liquid soap with the claimed biologically active quadrocomplex led to a pronounced change in the microflora of the skin of the hands, which indicates a decrease in the diversity of transient conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, which are the causative factor of many human diseases in general. The decrease in the biodiversity of opportunistic strains contributed to the shift of beta biodiversity towards the beneficial resident microflora of the skin and the improvement of the dermatological condition of the skin in general, which was noted by all volunteers.

Since the biologically active quadrocomplex contains essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), alpha-bisabolol, 1,8-cineole and an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, with a synergistic effect of the components due to the multifactorial action on the compartments of microorganism cells. The base of the composition gently cleansed hand skin impurities and increased the access of biologically active substances (BAS) of the quadrocomplex to hard-to-reach areas of the skin, thereby increasing the effectiveness of BAS against opportunistic microflora. Due to the presence of active silver ions Ag ⁺ and sesquiterpene alcohol alpha-bisabolol with a synergistic antibacterial effect due to the suppression of unformed biofilms of transient pathogenic skin bacteria, the number of opportunistic microorganisms in the upper layers of the skin will decrease with prolonged use. Together, silver citrate as a carrier of silver ions Ag ⁺ and alpha-bisabolol inhibit the enzyme systems of microorganisms that provide metabolism and cell division. When used together with the penetration enhancer 1,8-cineol, the components have a synergistic bacteriostatic effect by improving the permeability of the components through the lipophilic membranes of bacteria and the formation of metastable liposomal structures together with tea tree essential oil.

Example 5

The method for obtaining the composition according to the invention includes the following steps aimed at ensuring high bioavailability of the biologically active substances of the composition. When mixing components, it is recommended to use the logP _o / _w octanol-water coefficient, which is a measure of the lipophilicity of substances and determines the affinity for lipophilic structures. Compliance with the rule of mixing components with a decrease in logP will allow the formation of stable liposomal structures, increase the penetration of substances through the membrane of microorganisms and potentiate biological activity for the stated purposes.

For example, 25 mass parts of tea tree essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil with an average logP of 4.13, due to the high content of terpinen-4-ol, γ- and α-terpinene, were taken and mixed with 10 mass parts of alpha-bisabolol with a logP of 3 .80 with a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm. Next was added 5 parts of 1,8-cineol, obtained from the leaves of the eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp., with a logP of 2.82. Next was added 1 mass part of an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate, using a homogenizer for effective distribution in the composition. Sequential entry of substances in the composition allows to achieve high stability, potentiates biological activity due to the highest physical and chemical affinity and joint chemically conditioned penetration of the composition components.

The prepared composition can be used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics for hand and/or body skin care, as well as household chemicals. One of the options for implementation is integration into a perfumery and cosmetic product for washing hands as follows: dissolve surfactants in pre-heated water purified using a magnetic stirrer. The previously prepared composition is added to glycerin and solubilizer, stirred until the mixture is homogeneous. A chelating agent and a preservative active at a given pH of the product are then added to maintain microbiological stability over the shelf life additionally provided by this composition. To give a certain flavor, you can enter a fragrance or other component.

This agent can be used to regulate the skin microbiota, including inhibiting the growth of a population of opportunistic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, maintaining a stable state of the resident microflora of the skin of the hands, body, scalp, a pronounced antibacterial effect on the transient microflora, destroying biofilms of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

Additionally, the composition can be introduced into the following types of products when modifying the base of surfactants: liquid cosmetic soap, liquid cream soap, solid cosmetic soap, shower and/or bath gel, bath foam, facial wash, care cosmetic dandruff scalp e.g. daily shampoo, conditioner shampoo, shower shampoo, conditioner shampoo, balm, rinse, mask, liquid oral hygiene products, e.g. toothpaste, rinse,

Additionally, the composition can be incorporated into the following types of products when selecting emulsifying components: body skin care cosmetic, e.g. hand cream, hand lotion, body cream, body lotion, deodorant, deodorant perfume, cream perfume, solid perfume, cosmetic balm, cosmetic gel,

Additionally, the composition can be used as an impregnation for cosmetic wipes intended for hand skin hygiene.

Thus, the achievement of all the expected results was confirmed in the application materials, the high efficiency of the claimed complex and its industrial applicability were demonstrated.

Claims (9)

1. Biological complex active against bacteria selected from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, and intended for use in liquid soap, consisting of: a) essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolid), b) alpha-bisabolol, c) 1,8-cineol obtained from the leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), d) an aqueous solution of citric acid and silver citrate, where the specified aqueous solution contains 19-23% of the mass. citric acid and 2280-2640 ppm silver citrate and where the mass ratio of components a:b:c:g is (0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.3):(0.05-0 .35):(0.01-0.2) respectively. 2. The biological complex according to claim 1, where Eucalyptus spp. is E. globulus, E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. loxophleba, E. leocoxylon, E. smithii, E. maideni, E. bicostata or Ε. cineria. 3. The biological complex according to claim 2, where Eucalyptus spp. contains not less than 70% vol./about. 1,8-cineole. 4. Liquid soap containing 0.3-0.7% of the mass. biological complex according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3.