RU2788101C1 - Method for controlling the flow of takeoffs and landings of aircraft and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircrafts.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to a method and device for controlling the flow of takeoffs and landings of aircraft. To control the flow of takeoffs and landings, certain landing parameters are preliminarily set, related to the characteristics of the given airport, as well as the types and characteristics of the landing aircraft, the criteria for optimizing the flow of the aircraft are set, the planned information and surveillance information are received, the aircraft is captured for escort, the predicted parameters of the arrival of the aircraft are calculated, the information is transmitted to the dispatcher for approval or change, and the information approved by the dispatcher is transmitted to consumers. For an aircraft preparing for departure, the time parameters for departure are calculated taking into account the type and characteristics of the aircraft, the time of the technical inspection and preparation of the aircraft for departure, the time of the aircraft run after the start, the information is transmitted to the dispatcher for confirmation or change, and in case of confirmation, it is transmitted to consumers together with estimated times of executive starts. The device contains an observation data processing unit, an air traffic safety control unit, an aircraft 4D trajectory construction unit, a database module, a dispatcher workstation, an air traffic flow organization unit, a planned information processing unit, an aircraft preparation data processing unit for departure, an aircraft routing module and vehicles at the aerodrome, a block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft, connected in a certain way.

EFFECT: improvement of flight safety and throughput of the airfield is provided.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

The invention relates to the field of navigation of aircraft (LA) and is intended to increase the capacity of the airfield by streamlining the flows of departing and arriving aircraft, taking into account their weight characteristics.

The technical task is to automatically calculate the optimal order of aircraft departures and arrivals according to the criterion of the maximum airfield capacity.

The technical result of the proposed method and device is to improve flight safety and airfield throughput.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is a known method for organizing the flow of departing aircraft in the departure management system (Departure Manager - DMAN) [2], which consists in the fact that based on the planned information and the readiness of the aircraft for departure, the predicted departure times of the aircraft are calculated. According to the predicted times of aircraft departures, taking into account the minimum allowable time intervals between departing aircraft, the predicted queues from the aircraft for departure within a given nearest time interval are calculated. The optimal order of the aircraft in the queue according to the given criterion is calculated. In accordance with the calculated order, the estimated aircraft departure times are recalculated. Estimated departure times are transmitted to the air traffic controller, who takes them into account when determining the sequence of aircraft departures (by confirming the estimated times or changing them). Estimated departure times are transmitted to the aircraft and to other systems, such as the arrivals management system (Arrival Manager - AMAN).

The disadvantage of this method is the reduction in the throughput of the airfield due to the lack of optimization of the order of arriving aircraft.

There is a known method of complete enumeration [3], which can be used to find the optimal queue order according to a given criterion.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the method of organizing the flow of arriving aircraft in the AMAN system [1], which consists in the fact that the aircraft, upon reaching a predetermined distance, for example, 150-200 nautical miles from the airport, is captured for escort. This distance is called the AMAN horizon. Taking into account the planned information and observation information, the predicted time of arrival of the aircraft captured for escort is calculated. Depending on the predicted arrival time and optimization criteria, the calculated (recommended) aircraft arrival times are calculated. Estimated arrival times are transmitted to the air traffic controller, who takes them into account when determining the sequence of aircraft landings (by confirming the estimated times or changing them). Estimated times of arrival are transmitted to the aircraft and to other systems, such as DMAN.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the reduction in the throughput of the airfield due to the lack of optimization of the order of departing aircraft.

The closest analogue of the proposed device from among the known technical solutions is the air traffic control device [4], which is taken as a prototype. The disadvantage of the prototype is that it reduces the capacity of the airfield.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The technical result of the invention is to improve flight safety and airfield capacity.

The technical result is achieved in the method by setting the capture distance of landing aircraft for escort, setting the weight and speed characteristics of the aircraft, setting the minimum allowable time intervals between departing and arriving aircraft, taking into account their weight and speed characteristics, setting the criterion for optimizing the flow of the aircraft , set limits on the maximum allowable delay time for arriving aircraft, receive scheduled information, receive surveillance information, seize the aircraft for escort, calculate the predicted landing time of the escorted aircraft based on the surveillance information and the scheduled information, calculate the estimated arrival time of the aircraft, based on the predicted landing times of all escorted aircraft Aircraft, transmit the estimated times of arrival of the aircraft to the controller, await confirmation or change of the estimated times of arrival of aircraft by the controller, transmit the times of arrival of the aircraft approved and changed by the controller to consumers, and before receiving the scheduled information information and observation information, set a set of time intervals for the implementation of key operations for preparing an aircraft for departure, set information on the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, set the maximum allowable delay time for departing aircraft, after receiving planned information and observation information calculate the number and order of aircraft in the queues for departure and landing during the entire analyzed time interval, according to the data on the number and order of aircraft in the queues for departure and landing, simultaneously with the calculation of the estimated arrival times of the aircraft, calculate the occupation times of the executive starts of the aircraft, taking into account the minimum - allowable time intervals between aircraft, taking into account their weight and speed characteristics, information on the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, maximum delay times for arriving and departing aircraft, optimize the order of arriving and departing aircraft in queues for occupation runways according to the criterion of the minimum time of their occupation and recalculate the times for passing the procedures for preparing the aircraft for takeoff and landing, transmit the estimated times of the aircraft departures to the controller, await confirmation or change of the estimated times of the aircraft departures by the controller, based on the times of the aircraft executive starts approved and changed by the controller, the aircraft are calculated moments of block cleaning, engine start and other key time moments and transmit them to consumers along with the estimated times of executive starts, due to which the aircraft are ordered in such a way that the total runway occupation time is minimal, which allows increasing the airfield capacity while maintaining the required level of flight safety.

The proposed device contains a series-connected surveillance data processing unit, an air traffic safety control unit, a 4D aircraft trajectory plotting unit, a database module, a dispatcher workstation, the output of which is connected to the second input of the database module, the third input of which is connected to the first output of the unit organization of air traffic flows, and the second output with the second input of the block for constructing 40-trajectories of the aircraft, the third output with the first input of the block for organizing air traffic flows, the fourth output with the input of the block for processing planned information, the output of which is connected to the second input of the block for organizing air traffic flows, the second output of the surveillance data processing unit is connected to the second input of the dispatcher's workstation, the third input of which is connected to the second output of the air traffic safety control unit, the third output of which is connected to the input of the surveillance data processing unit.

The technical result (in the device) is achieved by introducing new significant differences into the control loop, consisting in the fact that the device additionally contains a block for processing data on the preparation of an aircraft for departure, a module for routing aircraft and vehicles at an aerodrome, and a block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft, while the output of the data processing unit on the preparation of aircraft for departure is connected to the first input of the routing module for aircraft and vehicles at the aerodrome, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the unit for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories, the first output is connected to the third input of the 4D construction unit - aircraft trajectories, the second output with the fourth input of the dispatcher's workstation, the first input of the block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft is connected to the third output of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories, the first output with the fourth input of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories, the second output with heels the second input of the automated workstation (AWS) of the dispatcher, the second input with the second output of the air traffic flow management unit, the third output with the third input of the air traffic flow management unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows a device for implementing a method for controlling the flow of take-offs and landings of aircraft and the following designations are introduced:

1. surveillance data processing unit;

2. air traffic safety control unit;

3. block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

4. database module;

5. AWP dispatcher;

6. unit for organizing air traffic flows;

7. planning information processing unit;

8. block for processing data on the preparation of the aircraft for departure;

9. routing module for aircraft and vehicles at the airfield;

10. block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft;

11. the first output of the surveillance data processing unit;

12. second output of the surveillance data processing unit;

13. the first output of the air traffic safety control unit;

14. second output of the air traffic safety control unit;

15. third output of the air traffic safety control unit;

16. the first output of the block for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft;

17. second output of the database module;

18. first output of the database module;

19. third output of the database module;

20. fourth output of the database module;

21. Dispatcher workstation exit;

22. first exit of the air traffic flow management unit;

23. exit block for processing planned information;

24. input of the monitoring data processing unit;

25. the first input of the air traffic safety control unit;

26. the first input of the block for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft;

27. second input of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

28. the first input of the database module;

29. second input of the database module;

30. third input of the database module;

31. second input of dispatcher workstation;

32. third input of dispatcher workstation;

33. the first input of the dispatcher's workstation;

34. the first input of the air traffic flow management unit;

35. the second input of the air traffic flow management unit;

36. input block for processing planned information;

37. second output of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

38. third output of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

39. second output of the air traffic flow management unit;

40. the output of the data processing unit on the preparation of aircraft for departure;

41. the first exit of the routing module for aircraft and vehicles at the airfield;

42. the second output of the routing module for aircraft and vehicles at the airfield;

43. the first output of the flow optimization block for arriving and departing aircraft;

44. the second output of the block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft;

45. third output of the flow optimization block for arriving and departing aircraft;

46. third input of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

47. fourth input of the block for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories;

48. fourth input of dispatcher workstation;

49. fifth input of dispatcher workstation;

50. third input of the air traffic flow management unit;

51. the second input of the routing module LA and vehicles at the airport;

52. the first input of the routing module LA and vehicles at the airport;

53. the first input of the flow optimization block for arriving and departing aircraft;

54. the second input of the block for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed method is carried out as follows:

1. set the capture distance of the landing aircraft for escort, determined in accordance with the instructions for the operation of flights in the aerodrome area;

2. set the weight and speed characteristics for the types of aircraft taking off and landing at the aerodrome, in accordance with the database of aeronautical information;

3. set the minimum allowable time intervals between the moments of the departure and arrival of the aircraft, depending on their weight and speed characteristics, determined in accordance with the instructions for operating flights in the aerodrome area;

4. set the criteria for optimizing the flow of aircraft, for example, according to the maximum throughput of the aerodrome, and limits on the maximum allowable delay time for arriving aircraft, for example, 30 minutes;

5. set a set of time intervals for the implementation of key operations for preparing the aircraft for departure, determined in accordance with the instructions for operating flights in the aerodrome area; these intervals are: aircraft technical inspection time, aircraft towing time, aircraft anti-icing treatment time, aircraft taxiing time, etc. Some of the listed time intervals may be zero if the corresponding procedures are not carried out;

6. set information about the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, based on aeronautical information containing data about the aerodrome;

7. set the maximum allowable delay time for departing aircraft, for example, 40 minutes;

8. set the time interval for the analysis of the air situation, at which the optimization of the flows of arriving and departing aircraft is carried out, for example, 180 minutes;

9. receive planned information, including the following data: flight number, aircraft type, departure and arrival aerodromes, planned 4D trajectory;

10. receive surveillance information and capture the aircraft for escort; observation information includes the following data: flight number, type of aircraft, current coordinates of the aircraft, vector of the current ground speed of the aircraft;

11. calculate the predicted landing time of the escorted aircraft based on the observation information and the planned information, for example, calculating the allowable closest to the planned landing time of the aircraft, taking into account its current location and the range of allowable speeds of the aircraft, of this type, taken from the aeronautical information database;

12. calculate the conflict-free estimated time of arrival of the aircraft, based on the predicted landing times of all escorted aircraft, for example, delaying the landing times of the aircraft in such a way that there are no conflicts with aircraft that have an earlier landing time and land on the same runway ( runway); when calculating the delay, the separation standards of the aircraft are taken into account, in accordance with their weight categories, defined in the instructions for operating flights in the aerodrome area;

13. calculate the number and order of aircraft in the queues for departure and landing during a given time interval for analyzing the air situation, for example, iteratively with a given step, sorting through the time points within a given time interval for analyzing the air situation, and calculating the number of aircraft whose planned departure times or landings are less than the analyzed point in time, and the calculated ones are greater;

14. according to the data on the number and order of the aircraft in the queues for departure and landing, simultaneously with the calculation of the estimated arrival times of the aircraft, the estimated times of occupation of the executive starts by the departing aircraft are calculated;

15. taking into account the minimum allowable time intervals between aircraft, taking into account their weight and speed characteristics, information on the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, maximum delay times for arriving and departing aircraft, optimize the order of arriving and departing aircraft in queues to occupy the runways according to the criterion of the minimum time of their occupation, for example, by exhaustive enumeration, choosing the sequence with the maximum efficiency indicator according to the specified criterion;

16. recalculate the times for passing the key procedures for preparing the aircraft for takeoff and landing, for example, by sequentially subtracting in reverse order the specified time intervals for passing the key procedures for preparing the aircraft for takeoff/landing from the moment of passing the procedure behind, starting from the moment of the estimated time of arrival/departure of the aircraft;

17. transmit the estimated times of departures and arrivals of the aircraft to the controller, await confirmation or change of the estimated times of departures and arrivals of the aircraft by the controller, for example, using the user interface on the dispatcher's workstation, which allows you to confirm and change the estimated times of departures and arrivals of the aircraft;

18. transmit the approved and changed by the dispatcher times of departures and arrivals of the aircraft to consumers, for example, via a local network;

19. On the basis of the aircraft executive launch times approved and modified by the controller, the moments of block cleaning, engine start and other key time moments of the aircraft preparation for departure/arrival are calculated and transmitted to consumers along with the estimated executive launch times, for example, via a local network.

In the device for implementing the method according to the invention (Fig. 1), the surveillance data processing unit 1 transmits surveillance information to the air traffic safety control unit 2 and to the dispatcher's workstation 5, after which it is displayed on the dispatcher's workstation 5. In block 2, air traffic safety control evaluates the horizontal and vertical intervals between the aircraft and compares them with the intervals determined by the separation standards, as well as forecasting violations of the separation standards during a given time interval. Air traffic safety control unit 2 transmits information about current and predicted conflicts between aircraft to unit 1 for processing observation data, block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft and to the controller's workstation 5, after which it is displayed on the controller's workstation 5. In block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft, after receiving information about conflicts between the aircraft, the 4D trajectories of the aircraft are deconflicted. From block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft, information about the 4D trajectories of the aircraft is transmitted to the module 4 of the database, where the information is stored. To recalculate the 4D trajectories of the aircraft, block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft reads them from the module 4 of the database. Air traffic flow management unit 6 reads information about 4D aircraft trajectories from database module 4 and corrects air traffic flows, including changing the intensity or structure of flows, if appropriate permissions are available, after which it transmits information about changes to database module 4 . Block 7 processing planned information reads from the module 4 databases information about the 4D trajectories of the aircraft and corrects the flight plans, and then transmits the corrected flight plans to the block 6 of the organization of air traffic flows. Also, upon request from the dispatcher's workstation 5, the database module issues the required data to the dispatcher's workstation 5. Block 8 for processing data on the preparation of the aircraft for departure through user interfaces receives from the services of the airfield information about the predicted times for the passage of the aircraft preparation for departure procedures and their completion. The module 9 for routing aircraft and vehicles at the aerodrome receives from the data processing unit 8 on the preparation of the aircraft for departure information about the planned time for the passage of the key procedures for the preparation of the aircraft for departure, as well as their completion. The key procedures for preparing an aircraft for a flight include de-icing, block cleaning, engine starting, etc. Also, the module 9 for routing aircraft and vehicles at the airfield receives information about the planned 4D trajectories of the aircraft from the block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft, recalculates the planned 4D trajectories of the aircraft at the taxiing stage and transmits back to the block 3 for constructing the 4D trajectories of the aircraft the recommended 4 V - taxiing trajectories, simultaneously transmitting them to the controller's workstation 5. The block 10 for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft receives information about the planned 4D trajectories of the aircraft from block 3 for constructing 4 B-trajectories of the aircraft and information about air traffic flows from the block 6 for organizing air traffic flows, optimizes the order of departures and arrivals of the aircraft according to a given criterion and transmits the calculated recommended times of departures and arrivals to block 3 for constructing 4D trajectories of the aircraft, AWS 5 of the dispatcher and block 6 for organizing air traffic flows.

The structure of the device can be simplified by linking all modules and blocks to each other through a database server, which provides secure and fairly fast access of modules to the database. In this case, there will be no need for links between modules, except for their connection to the server.

Bibliography

1. Arrival manager. Implementation Guidelines and Lessons Learned. Edition Number: 0.1 Edition date: 17 December 2010 / EUROCONTROL, 2010, 106 c.

2. E. Dubouchet, G. Mavoian, E. Page DOC 98-70-18 (Volume 5 of 10) PHARE Advanced Tools Departure Manager. Final Report PHARE/CENA/PAT-6.8.7.3.4/FR; 0.3 / EUROCONTROL, 1999, 44 p.

3. Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms. - MIT Press, 2001. - P. 1292. - ISBN 978-0-262-03384-8.

4. Patent RU 2746058 C1. METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL №10 https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/b8/73/19/4073c8d2c9dd39/RU2746058C1.pdf

Claims (11)

1. A method for controlling the flow of takeoffs and landings of aircraft, which consists in setting the capture distance of landing aircraft for escort, setting the weight and speed characteristics of aircraft, setting the minimum allowable time intervals between departing and arriving aircraft, taking into account their weight and speed characteristics, set criteria for optimizing the flow of aircraft, set limits on the maximum allowable delay time for arriving aircraft, receive planned information, receive surveillance information, capture the aircraft for escort, calculate the predicted landing time of the escorted aircraft based on observation information and planned information , calculate the estimated time of arrival of the aircraft based on the predicted landing times of all escorted aircraft, transmit the estimated arrival times of the aircraft goods to the dispatcher, await confirmation or change of the estimated times of arrival of aircraft by the dispatcher, transmit the arrival times of aircraft approved and changed by the dispatcher to consumers, characterized in that before receiving planned information and monitoring information, a set of time intervals for the implementation of key operations for preparing aircraft for departure is set, set information about the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, set the maximum allowable delay time for departing aircraft, after receiving planned information and observation information, the number and order of aircraft in queues for departure and landing are calculated during the entire analyzed time interval, according to the data on the number and order of aircraft in queues for takeoff and landing, simultaneously with the calculation of the estimated arrival times of aircraft, the times of occupation of the executive starts of aircraft are calculated, taking into account the minimum allowable time intervals between aircraft, taking into account their weight and speed characteristics, information on the number, size and location of runways and taxiways at the aerodrome, maximum delay times for arriving and departing aircraft, optimize the order of arriving and departing aircraft aircraft in queues to occupy the runways according to the criterion of the minimum time for their occupation and recalculate the times for passing the procedures for preparing aircraft for takeoff and landing, transfer the estimated times of departures of aircraft to the dispatcher, awaiting confirmation or change of the estimated times of departure of aircraft by the dispatcher, on the basis of the aircraft executive launch times approved and modified by the dispatcher, the time moments of block cleaning, engine start are calculated and transmitted to consumers along with the estimated executive launch times. 2. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing a series-connected block (1) for processing observation data, a block (2) for monitoring air traffic safety, a block (3) for constructing 4D trajectories of aircraft, a database module (4), automated workplace (5) of the controller, as well as a block (6) for organizing air traffic flows and a block (7) for processing planned information, moreover, the output (21) of the automated workplace (5) of the controller is connected to the second input (29) of the module (4) of the bases data, the third input (30) of which is connected to the first output (22) of the block (6) for organizing air traffic flows, and the second output (17) to the second input (27) of the block (3) for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories, the third output ( 19) with the first input (34) of the block (6) for organizing air traffic flows, the fourth output (20) with the input (36) of the block (7) for processing planned information, the output (23) of which is connected to the second input (35) of the block (6 ) air traffic flow management the second output (12) of the observation data processing unit (1) is connected to the second input (31) of the dispatcher's workstation (5), the third input (32) of which is connected to the second output (14) of the air traffic safety control unit (2) , the third output (15) of which is connected to the input (24) of the block (1) for processing observation data, characterized in that it additionally contains a block (8) for processing data on the preparation of aircraft for departure, a module (9) for routing aircraft and vehicles at the airfield and a block (10) for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft, while the output (40) of the block (8) for processing data on the preparation of aircraft for departure is connected to the first input (52) of the module (9) for routing aircraft and vehicles at the airfield, the second input (51) of which is connected to the second output (37) of the block (3) for constructing 4D trajectories of aircraft, the first output (41) with the third input (46) of the block (3) 4D trajectories of aircraft, the second output (42) with the fourth input (48) of the automated workplace (5) of the dispatcher, the first input (53) of the block (10) for optimizing the flow of arriving and departing aircraft is connected to the third output (38) of the block (3) construction of 4D aircraft trajectories, the first output (43) with the fourth input (47) of the block (3) for constructing 4D aircraft trajectories, the second output (44) with the fifth input (49) of the automated workplace (5) of the dispatcher , the second input (54) with the second output (39) of the air traffic flow management unit (6), the third output (45) with the third input (50) of the air traffic flow management unit (6).

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