RU2787764C1 - Method for water purification from salt and pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sea water purifying.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for purifying sea water from salt using reverse osmosis technology and sea wave energy and can be applied to agricultural, industrial and domestic water supply. The method includes the use of a reverse osmosis module, a positive buoyancy buoy, a high pressure pump, an air chamber with an elastic membrane, a connecting cable and a bottom weight (anchor). The cable, connected at one end to a high-pressure pump, is wound on a drum equipped with a ratchet mechanism and a spiral band spring. The cable is lengthened with an increase in the level of the water area caused by surge or tidal phenomena, the forced disengagement of the ratchet pawl, allowing the buoy to float. The cable is shortened when the level of the water area is lowered by a return spiral tape spring. When the buoy moves to the crest of the wave, a working tension in the cable is created, sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of water at the place of installation of the elastic membrane when fixing the pawl of the ratchet mechanism in engagement. The forced withdrawal of the ratchet pawl from the gearing is carried out by a force exceeding the calculated working tension of the cable, caused by an increase in the Archimedean force acting on the flooded buoy with an increase in the level of the water area from surge or tidal phenomena. A collection of drip leaks is installed in the air chamber. Drip water leaks from the air chamber are eliminated, in case of a slight violation of its tightness during operation, by blowing the leak collector with air when the buoy moves down into the wave cavity.

EFFECT: invention provides the ability to work in a wide range of changes in the level of the surface of the water area, increasing the reliability of the device by detecting and eliminating possible drip leaks.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for removing salt from sea water using reverse osmosis technology and sea wave energy. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to use the energy of fluctuations in the surface of fresh water bodies to purify water from contaminants by reverse osmosis. The invention can be applied to agricultural, industrial and domestic water supply.

A known method of desalination of sea water, including the evaporation and condensation of water vapor using a device for its implementation, which contains heat exchangers, water recycling systems, a heat pump, a vacuum chamber, rotating curved channels located in it (RF patent No. 2359917 IPC C02F 1/04, published on 27.06.2009). The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of the design and the need for its implementation of large capital and operating costs.

The closest technical solution to the claimed method in terms of a set of features is a seawater desalination method, including a reverse osmosis module, a buoy with positive buoyancy, an elastic membrane connected to an air chamber, a high-pressure pump, connecting cables and a bottom load (RU 2770360 C1, C02F 1/ 04, published on April 15, 2022, Bulletin No. 11). The disadvantage of this method is the inability to regulate the buoyancy of the buoy and the tension of the cables, depending on the change in the level of the sea during wind surges and tidal phenomena. The disadvantage is also the lack of control of seawater leakage into the air chamber and its removal, in case of a slight violation of the tightness of the air chamber.

The technical task of the invention is to create a simple method for purifying water from salt and pollution, which allows you to work with changes in the level of the sea or fresh water bodies caused by wind surges and tidal phenomena, as well as in a timely manner to detect and eliminate water leakage from the air chamber into in case of a slight violation of its tightness.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the ability to operate the method in a wide range of changes in the level of the surface of the water area (several meters), by adjusting the length and tension of the cable without sagging, as well as increasing the reliability of its operation, by detecting and removing possible drip water leaks from the air chamber with a slight violation its tightness.

According to the invention, the technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved as follows. The method of water purification from salt and impurities includes the use of a reverse osmosis module, a positive buoyancy buoy, a high pressure pump, an air chamber with an elastic membrane, connecting cables and a bottom weight (anchor). The cable, connected at one end to a high-pressure pump, is wound on a drum equipped with a helical ratchet mechanism and a spiral band spring. 'This allows you to constantly maintain the cable in a taut state without sagging, regardless of the level of the surface of the sea area, by the operation of the ratchet mechanism and the force of the tape spring, in a wide range of changes in the tension forces of the cable. They lengthen the cable with an increase in the level of the water area caused by surge or tidal phenomena, the forced withdrawal of the ratchet pawl from the helical gearing, unwinding the cable from the drum, allowing the buoy to float. The cable is shortened when the level of the water area is lowered by a return spiral tape spring, winding the cable on the drum. At the same time, the helical ratchet mechanism does not resist the winding of the cable on the drum. They create a working tension in the cable when the buoy moves to the crest of the wave, while the pawl of the ratchet mechanism is in helical gearing, fixing the drum in a stationary state. The ratchet pawl is forced out of gearing by a force exceeding the force of hydrostatic water pressure on the elastic membrane, caused by an increase in the Archimedean force acting on the buoy when it is flooded with an increase in the level of the water area from surge or tidal phenomena. A collection of drip leaks of sea water is installed in the air chamber. Drop water leaks into the air chamber are eliminated in case of a slight violation of its tightness by blowing the leak collector with air when the buoy moves down into the wave cavity, using the force of hydrostatic water pressure on the air chamber membrane.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 1, which shows a general view of the device.

Figure 1 - Scheme of water purification from salt and pollution

The figure shows the following positions:

1 - buoy with positive buoyancy;

2 - cable;

3 - housing of a high-pressure volumetric pump;

4 - working movable body of the high pressure pump;

5 - sealed flexible sleeve;

6 - elastic membrane, 7 - air chamber,

8 - pipeline communicating with the air atmosphere;

9 - weight (anchor) at the bottom of the water area;

10 - filter for cleaning the intake water;

11 - suction check valve of the pump;

12 - discharge check valve of the pump;

13 - pipeline for supplying high pressure water to the reverse osmosis module;

14 - a drum for winding a cable, equipped with a ratchet mechanism and a spiral tape spring;

15 - ratchet pawl,

16 - spring, designed to deform and disengage the pawl when the cable tension force exceeds the calculated force sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding water at the installation site of the elastic membrane,

17 - collection of drip water leaks in the air chamber.

The method of water purification from salt and contaminants (see figure - 1) is implemented as follows.

Buoy (1) with positive buoyancy is placed on the surface of the water area of the sea or fresh water. A cable (2) is passed through the hole in the center of the buoy (1). At a given depth in the water area, a displacement pump (3) is placed with reciprocating movement of the working body (4) in a sealed flexible hose (5) placed in the high-pressure pump housing (3) and hermetically connected to it. The working body of the pump (4) is rigidly connected by an elastic membrane (6). On the lower side, the membrane (6) communicates with the surrounding water at the depth of its installation; on the upper side, the membrane (6) communicates with the air atmosphere through the pipeline (8). The air chamber (7) between the membrane (6) and the flexible hose (5) is connected to the air atmosphere by a pipeline (8). The elastic membrane (6) is fastened with a weight (anchor) (9) at the bottom of the water area. The pump housing (3) is connected by a cable (2) to a buoy floating on the surface of the water area (2) The ambient water is taken into the pump housing (3) through a filter (10 ) and suction check valve (11). Sea or contaminated fresh water at high pressure sufficient to operate reverse osmosis desalination membranes is supplied from the pump through the discharge check valve (12) through the pipeline (13) to the collection manifold, and then to the reverse osmosis module to obtain purified water. The drum (14) for winding the rope (2), equipped with a ratchet mechanism and a spiral band spring, is placed on the buoy (1). The cable (2) is passed through a bushing connected to the pawl of the ratchet mechanism (15) and the spring (16), which is compressed when the tension in the cable (2) exceeds that calculated in case of excessive flooding of the buoy (1), due to the additional Archimedean force caused by the increase the level of the water area, and removes the pawl (15) from the helical gearing of the ratchet mechanism, lengthening the cable, allowing the buoy (1) to emerge. When the surface of the water area is disturbed, the buoy (1) makes reciprocating movements up and down. When the buoy (1) moves upwards, the surrounding water is sucked into the pump casing (3). When the buoy (1) moves downwards, water is injected due to the hydrostatic pressure acting on the membrane (6) and the working body of the pump (4) moves upwards. The weight of the buoy (I) and its displacement are chosen in such a way that when the buoy moves up to the crest of the wave, the force of hydrostatic water pressure acting on the elastic membrane (6) at its installation depth is overcome, creating the calculated tension in the cable (2). If the calculated tension of the cable (2) is exceeded, due to the additional immersion of the buoy under the level of the water area (1) and an increase in the buoyant force acting on the buoy, with an increase in the level of the water area of the sea or fresh water from surge phenomena, the pawl (15) of the ratchet mechanism is activated, compressing the spring (16) on the drum (14), allowing the buoy (1) to float, releasing the tension in the cable (2). The release of tension in the cable (2) brings the pawl (15) back into helical ratchet engagement on the floating buoy. With a decrease in the level of the water area caused by surge or tidal phenomena, the tension of the cable (2) is carried out by winding the track (2) on the drum (14) with a return spiral tape spring with the pawl (15) in the helical gearing of the ratchet mechanism, which does not prevent the rotation of the helical gear rigidly connected to the drum (14), the weight of the bottom weight (anchor) (9) must be greater than the buoyant force acting on the buoy (1). This is necessary to overcome the force of hydrostatic pressure of sea water on the membrane (6) and ensure the process of suction of sea water into the pump (3), as well as actuation of the pawl (15) when the water area level changes during surge and tidal phenomena. The collection of drip water leaks in case of a slight violation of the tightness of the air chamber (7) is carried out in a collector (17) with subsequent purge of leaks into the atmosphere through the pipeline (8).

The claimed technical solution makes it possible to implement a method for purifying water from salt and pollution with significant changes in the level (up to several meters) of the free surface of the water area caused by surge or tidal phenomena. Due to the constant tension of the cable with different forces without sagging, connecting the high-pressure pump and the floating buoy, the method allows you to remove the energy of vibrations of the surface of the water area, starting from a wave height of only a few centimeters. In addition, the reliability of the application of the method is increased, since droplet leaks of water into the air chamber, with a possible slight violation of its tightness during operation, are automatically removed by blowing the air chamber during the implementation of the method.

Claims (1)

A method for purifying water from salt and contaminants, including the use of a reverse osmosis module, a positive buoyancy buoy, a high-pressure pump, an air chamber with an elastic membrane, a connecting cable and a bottom weight, characterized in that the cable connected to the high-pressure pump at one end is wound on a drum equipped with a ratchet mechanism and a spiral band spring, lengthen the cable when the water level rises, caused by surge or tidal phenomena, forced disengagement of the ratchet pawl, allowing the buoy to float, shorten the cable when the water area level drops and the buoy moves down by winding it on drum with a returnable spiral tape spring, when the buoy moves to the wave crest, a working tension in the cable is created, sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic pressure of water at the installation site of the elastic membrane and the pump, when the ratchet pawl is fixed in engagement, a forced withdrawal is carried out e ratchet pawls from gearing with a force exceeding the calculated working tension of the cable caused by an increase in the Archimedean force acting on the flooded buoy when the level of the water area rises from surge or tidal phenomena, install a collection of drip leaks in the air chamber, eliminate drip leaks of water into the air chamber when a slight violation of its tightness by blowing the leak collector with air when the buoy moves down into the wave cavity.

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