RU2787430C1 - Wind turbine with vertical axis of rotor rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind energy. The wind turbine contains coaxially installed rotor and stator with lower and upper bases connected to each other by vertical stator guide vanes. A confuser with blades is installed on the lower base, a diffuser is installed above the stator. The lower and upper semiaxes and rotation of the rotor are installed in the lower and upper supports. The rotor housing is made in the form of a hollow, upward tapering, truncated cone with a curved surface. The rotor blades are made with a curved, preferably hyperbolic surface. The upper and lower impellers are fixed inside the rotor housing. In the cavity of the lower disc of the diffuser, a rotor fan is additionally installed, the blades of which go around the upper part of the outer surface of the rotor housing. The whole structure creates the movement of an increased air flow inside the wind turbine, including in the wind shadow area, due to the acceleration of the air flow by the confuser, internal rotor impellers, rotor blades and the creation of air discharge by the fan and diffuser.

EFFECT: wind turbine improvement.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to wind energy, namely to wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor relative to the horizon, and can be used to convert the energy of the air flow into rotational motion transmitted to an electric generator, pump or other rotating mechanism.

Prior Art

Known wind turbine containing a rotor placed vertically for rotation inside the housing and equipped with blades [patent DE 3636248, MKI F03D 9/00, publ. May 5, 1988]. In a known installation, the wind turbine is installed in a pipe and operates in an upward air flow, using the effect of gravity.

Known wind turbine [patent RU 2286477, F03D 1/02, publ.27.10.2006] contains a rotor placed inside a fixed housing (stator) with the possibility of rotation in it. The rotor consists of a shaft on which radial-type turbine blades are installed vertically around the circumference at a given distance from the center, which are connected to the rotor shaft by means of brackets (crosses). The stator is made in the form of a guide apparatus, consisting of vertically arranged guide vanes, which are installed at an acute angle to the outer edge of the radial-type turbine blades, which form external wind flow channels located tangentially to the inner circumference of the installation. The lower part of the rotor is made in the form of an axial turbine. The shaft is equipped with axial-type working blades, which are designed to work in the air flow coming out of the guide vanes. Additional guide vanes are installed in the lower part of the housing and are located radially inside the shell. The lower end of the rotor rests on the fairing, which is rigidly attached to the ends of the guide vane blades. The upper part of the shell is fastened to the body, and the lower part is fixed on the upper part of the hollow body (self-pull pipe), on which the confuser is installed. Air supply windows are made in the lower part of the hollow body.

The wind turbine plant according to patent RU 2286477, 2006 uses the energy of horizontal wind currents, as well as the energy of ascending currents that occur in a hollow body with a confuser. However, in the design, ascending air flows are not picked up by horizontal ones, but partially block them and slow them down. The chaotic uncontrolled mixing of two almost perpendicular flows leads to the formation of significant uncontrolled turbulence in the upper zone, and, consequently, to a decrease in the efficiency of the installation. This "opposition" is the greater, the greater the pressure of wind horizontal flows.

Improving the efficiency of the wind turbine is achieved in the wind turbine [patent RU 2488019, F03D 3/06, F03D 3/04, publ. 07/20/2013], which incorporates a stator with upper and lower bases interconnected by vertical guide vanes oriented inward. The stator contains a rotor equipped with longitudinal blades. The rotor housing is made in the form of a hollow cone tapering upwards. The rotor blades are mounted on its outer surface and are oriented at an angle to the rotor symmetry axis. Lamellar crosses are installed in the internal cavity of the rotor, connecting the rotor with the upper and lower semi-axes of rotation. The lower base of the stator is designed to allow air to enter the rotor. The upper base of the stator has a conical part directed and tapering towards the lower base, and has an axial hole, the diameter of which is greater than the upper diameter of the rotor cone, with the formation of an annular gap between them. An additional impeller is installed on the upper semi-axis of the rotor, which goes inside the conical part of the upper base of the stator. The lower semi-axis of the rotor is mounted on the lower base of the stator. The upper axle shaft is connected to the upper base by means of radial ribs installed inside the conical part of the upper base. On the lower base there is a lower confuser with blades fixed on it.

The wind turbine plant according to patent RU 2488019, 2013 has the following disadvantages that reduce the efficiency of its operation.

The conical part of the upper base of the stator interferes with the operation of the entire structure, shielding the rarefaction zone created under the upper impeller from the outer rotor blades. The small diameter of the upper impeller reduces the speed of the upward flow. Also, the design is not protected from precipitation.

The invention is based on the task of increasing the efficiency of a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor with unchanged geometric dimensions.

The technical result consists in increasing the power of the wind turbine by creating the movement of an increased air flow inside the wind turbine.

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved by the fact that in a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor, which has a stator with lower and upper bases interconnected by vertical guide stator blades, the rotor housing is made in the form of a hollow, tapering upwards, truncated cone, rotor blades, mounted on the outer surface of the rotor housing, the upper and lower semiaxes of rotation of the rotor, installed in the upper and lower supports, respectively, the upper cross, the upper impeller, the lower confuser with blades, according to the invention, the upper impeller is fixed inside the upper part of the rotor housing, a diffuser is installed above the stator , which is made in the form of two spaced biconvex disks, the lower diffuser disk is rigidly connected to the upper diffuser disk and is the upper base of the stator, the stator blades are made with a curved surface and are oriented outward, the rotor housing is made with a curved surface and in the upper part is fixed to the upper semi-axis of rotation of the rotor with the help of the blades of the upper impeller, the upper support is fixed on the upper base with the help of the upper cross, inside the lower part of the rotor housing there is a lower impeller, with the help of the blades of which the rotor housing is connected to the lower semi-axis of rotation of the rotor, the lower support of which is fixed in the top of the confuser, in the cavity of the lower disc of the diffuser, a rotor fan is additionally installed, the blades of which go around the upper part of the outer surface of the rotor housing, while the pitch of the blades of the upper impeller is chosen more than the pitch of the fan blades.

It is preferable to perform the surface of the rotor housing and rotor blades according to hyperbolic dependence.

In addition, the stator blades are made with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination relative to the vertical axis of the stator.

An increase in wind turbine power is achieved by organizing an ascending vortex flow inside and outside the rotor, redirecting horizontal wind flows inside the installation, including those in the wind shadow area, into a vertical flow with a swirling effect.

Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal axial section (A-A in Fig. 3);

Fig. 2 is a frontal view;

Fig. 3 is a top view;

Fig. 4 shows a cross section (b-b in Fig. 2);

Fig. 5 shows a cross section (CC in FIG. 2).

A wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor contains a fixed stator 1 with a lower base 2 and an upper base 3. The bases 2, 3 are interconnected by vertical guide blades 4 of the stator, oriented outward, and made with the possibility of rotation on the axis 5. The rotor 6 is placed inside the stator 1 and has a common axis of symmetry with it. The body 7 of the rotor is made in the form of a hollow cone tapering upwards with a curved surface. It is preferable to make the surface of the rotor housing according to a hyperbolic dependence.

On the outer surface of the housing 7 of the rotor there are longitudinal blades 8, which are made in the form of curved ribs. Blades 8 are oriented at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the rotor. It is preferable to perform the surface of the rotor blades according to a hyperbolic dependence.

A diffuser 9 is installed above the stator 1, made in the form of two spaced biconvex disks, the lower disk 10 of which is rigidly connected to the upper disk 11 of the diffuser and is the upper base 2 of the stator. The diffuser discs can be connected, for example, using pins 12. The distance between the diffuser discs is chosen from the condition of ensuring air discharge above the upper impeller of the rotor.

Inside the housing 7 of the rotor, the upper and lower impellers 13 and 14 of the rotor are fixed. With the help of the blades 15 of the upper impeller, the rotor 6 in the upper part is fixed to the upper semi-axis 16 of rotation of the rotor, the upper support 17 of which is fixed on the upper base 2 with the help of the upper cross 18. With the lower semi-axis of rotation 19, the rotor 6 is fastened with the help of blades 20 of the lower impeller 14 of the rotor . The lower support 21 of the rotor is fixed at the top of the confuser 22, which is equipped with blades 23.

In the cavity 24 of the lower disk 10 of the diffuser, a fan 25 of the rotor is additionally installed, the blades 26 of which envelop the upper part of the outer surface of the housing 7 of the rotor.

The pitch of the blades of the upper impeller 13 is chosen larger than the pitch of the fan blades 25 to equalize the flow rates inside and outside the rotor housing due to the different angular velocities of the blades in the center of the rotor and on its periphery.

The transmission of the rotational motion of the rotor, for example, to an electric generator or a pump, is provided through the lower axle shaft.

Wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor operates as follows.

The horizontal air flow enters the blades 4 of the stator. Part of the flow that enters the outer parts of the stator blades is deflected by the blades outward, bypassing the rotor 6. The other part of the air flow enters the inner surfaces of the stator blades 4, accelerates on them and acts on the rotor blades 8. At the same time, due to the curvilinear shape of the surface of the rotor blades, an upward flow is formed along the outer surface of the rotor simultaneously with the creation of a torque of the entire rotor structure. This external updraft acts on the rotor fan blades 25 to generate additional rotor torque.

In the region of the base 2 of the stator, due to the resulting decrease in pressure, the air flow from below enters the confuser 22, where the vertical speed of the air flow increases, it swirls due to the curvilinear shape of the vanes 23 of the confuser and the formation of an upward flow inside the housing 7 of the rotor. The internal air flow sequentially enters the lower impeller 14 and then the upper impeller 13, increasing the torque of the rotor.

Thus, two vortex ascending flows are realized in the design, one - on the outer surface of the rotor, the other - inside it. One vortex picks up and additionally twists the second. This leads to an increase in the torque of the wind turbine as a whole. A number of successively installed confuser blades, upper and lower impellers are involved in the creation and gradual strengthening of vortex flows inside the rotor housing, which makes it possible to gradually increase the effect of increasing the rotor torque.

The entire structure as a whole creates the movement of an increased air flow inside the wind turbine, including in the area of the wind shadow, due to the acceleration of the air flow by the confuser, the internal impellers 13 and 14 of the rotor, the rotor blades 8 and the creation of air discharge by the fan 25 and diffuser 9.

The upper disk 11 of the diffuser protects the structure from precipitation. In addition, the claimed wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor has low sound radiation due to the absence of planes moving in parallel at different speeds.

Claims (4)

1. A wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor, which includes a stator with lower and upper bases interconnected by vertical guide blades of the stator, a rotor housing made in the form of a hollow truncated cone tapering upwards, rotor blades mounted on the outer surface of the rotor housing, the upper and lower semiaxes of rotation of the rotor, installed in the upper and lower supports, respectively, the upper cross, the upper impeller, the confuser with blades mounted on the lower base, characterized in that the upper impeller is fixed inside the upper part of the rotor housing, a diffuser is installed above the stator, which made in the form of two spaced biconvex disks, the lower diffuser disk is rigidly connected to the upper diffuser disk and is the upper base of the stator, the stator blades are made with a curved surface and are oriented outward, the rotor housing is made with a curved surface and in the upper part is fixed to the upper semi-axis vr the rotor is propelled with the help of the blades of the upper impeller, the upper support is fixed on the upper base with the help of the upper cross, the lower impeller is installed inside the lower part of the rotor housing, with the help of the blades of which the rotor housing is connected to the lower semi-axis of rotation of the rotor, the lower support of which is fixed at the top of the confuser, in In the cavity of the lower disc of the diffuser, a rotor fan is additionally installed, the blades of which go around the upper part of the outer surface of the rotor housing, while the pitch of the blades of the upper impeller is chosen to be greater than the pitch of the fan blades. 2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the rotor housing is made according to hyperbolic dependence. 3. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the rotor blade is made according to hyperbolic dependence. 4. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator blade is configured to change the angle of inclination relative to the vertical axis of the stator.

Images