RU2787250C1 - Orbital rescue ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space radiation protection means.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of docking and protection from space radiation (solar flares, particles of the Earth's radiation belts), as well as to reduce the danger from meteoroids and space debris. The proposed orbital rescue vehicle (ORV) is a reusable manned vehicle used to rescue the crew during a flight to the Moon and, possibly, to other regions of the solar system. ORV includes a spherical space radiation shelter located between the orbital upper stages (OUS) made on the basis of the Briz-M US and docked with the specified shelter. Docking units and orientation, rendezvous and docking systems are located in front of the OUS. OUSs have detachable fuel tanks with engines.

EFFECT: guaranteed protection of astronauts and equipment from cosmic radiation during the flight, as well as reduction of time and costs for training and launch in the mission of rescuing astronauts in distress.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of space exploration and can be used in the mission of rescuing astronauts in distress, while protecting the crew from radiation in space.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the proposed orbital rescue vehicle (OK-S) is the Soyuz spacecraft with a docked upper stage (US).

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

a) insufficient radiation protection;

b) the ship is disposable, which is economically expensive;

c) due to the limited life resource of the ship, it is required to deliver it into orbit from the Earth's surface.

The objective of this invention is to accelerate the flight to them during the rescue mission of astronauts in distress and ensure guaranteed protection of astronauts from solar flares and the Earth's radiation belts during the flight (Fig. 3).

The technical result of the invention is:

a) guaranteed uniform protection of astronauts and equipment from solar flares and the Earth's radiation belts during the flight;

b) reduction of time and costs for preparation and launch for the mission of rescuing astronauts in distress.

To solve the problem and achieve the specified technical result, the OK-S design contains (item 1) orbital upper stages (ORB) based on the Breeze-M rocket launcher (see Fig. 1) .

The task of the invention is also solved (p. 2) by installing active docking units 3 at the ends of the ORB based on the Breeze-M RB (see Fig. 1).

The objective of the invention is also solved (p. 3) due to the design of the separation of the fuel tanks of the ORB based on the RB "Breeze-M" (see Fig. 2).

The objective of the invention is also solved (p. 4) by providing partial reusability of the OS-K due to the interchangeability of the ORB based on the Breeze-M RB and the means for organizing the rescue mission (see Fig. 3).

Description of the structure.

OK-S consists of a spherical space radiation shelter 1 (KRU) (invention according to US Pat. RU 2595067) and two orbital upper stages 2 (ORB) based on the upgraded Breeze-M RB. Each ORB has an external fuel tank 3, which is dropped into space after fuel depletion (Fig. 2). And the internal fuel tank has the ability to refuel for subsequent rescue missions. The ORB also has an orbit correction system, search and rendezvous for docking with the switchgear.

The peculiarity of the design and operation of the OK-S is that the final appearance of the ship is formed in the reference orbit of the Earth by successive dockings of the switchgear and modernized ORB based on the Breeze-M RB in the amount of 2 pieces from opposite sides. To do this, the design of the switchgear has two diametrically opposite docking units of a typical design.

Preliminarily, the KRU and ORB based on the Breeze-M missile launcher are launched using launch vehicles. Moreover, the crew goes to the CRU after the first docking with the spacecraft, which is delivered to the long-term orbit - waiting on duty in anticipation of an emergency situation during flights to the Moon.

Sources of information

1. Materials of the XLV social-scientific readings dedicated to the memory of Yu.A. Gagarin 2018 p. 437-452;

2. Grigoriev Yu.A. "Radiation safety of space flights" / Atomizdat. 1978 p. 15-36;

3. Mitrikas V.G. "Model of the Earth's radiation belts for assessing the radiation hazard in the orbit of the OPS "Mir" / Space Research. 1999, vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 1-5.

Claims (4)

1. The design of the orbital rescue ship, including a spherical space radiation shelter placed between the orbital upper stages (US) made on the basis of the Breeze-M SC and docked with the indicated shelter. 2. The design of the orbital rescue ship according to claim 1, characterized in that docking units and systems for orientation, rendezvous and docking are placed in front of the orbital RBs based on the Breeze-M RB. 3. The design of the orbital rescue ship according to claim 2, characterized in that these orbital RBs have separable fuel tanks with engines. 4. The design of the orbital rescue ship according to claim 3, characterized in that the orbital RB based on the RB "Breeze-M" are interchangeable to ensure partial reusability of the structure.

Images