RU2787114C1 - Airship modular transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; aeronautics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aviation, in particular to aeronautics, namely to a device of an airship modular transport system having a capability, based on basic technical solutions, of integrating options of aerostatic aircrafts of different maximum load capacity for air transportations of containers and large-sized indivisible cargo. The airship modular transport system includes sheathings with carrying gas, tail units, power plants, gondolas for crews, and cargo accommodation places. At the same time, a range of options of maximum load capacity is provided with a possibility of transformation of a basic module of a hybrid airship due to insertions into contours of the sheathing of additional volumes with carrying gas and due to a capability of basic modules containing sheathing insertions with additional volumes of being combined into groups with the possibility of their pairing along side surfaces of sheathings.

EFFECT: proposed device allows for obtainment of a wide range of maximum load capacity of a mobile vehicle based on the same basic structure of a hybrid airship.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aviation, in particular to aeronautics, namely, to the device of an airship modular transport system, which has the ability, on the basis of basic technical solutions, to integrate variants of aerostatic aircraft of various maximum carrying capacity for air transportation of containers and bulky indivisible cargo.

Airships of the modular transport system are included in the class of hybrid aerostatic aircraft. They are equipped with helicopter propeller-driven installations with rotors, where piston engines (PD), turboshaft engines (TVD) or electric motors (EM) can serve as power sources). The energy carrier for power sources is hydrocarbon fuel (for PD and TVLD) or electricity (for ED).

The lifting force of airships of the modular transport system (MTS) is created by the aerostatic lifting force of a light gas (for example, helium or hydrogen) located in the shell of the airship hull, as well as by the lifting force of the helicopter rotors. Cruise flight is carried out due to the propulsion component of their thrust.

Heading and pitch control is performed by differentially changing the thrust of the rotors in the horizontal and vertical planes and by controlling the aerodynamic forces on the shell of the MTS hybrid airship, including with the help of tail surfaces.

The design of the shell of MTS airships should allow for longitudinal pairing of several hulls into a group to increase the maximum carrying capacity. To the greatest extent, this requirement is met by a semi-rigid type of hull with an internal or external keel truss.

The hull design, external contours, mutual arrangement of parts and methods for changing the configuration of a hybrid aerostatic vehicle are determined during the design process, taking into account the principles of ensuring modularity for all variants of the maximum payload of the MTS.

When creating an airship modular transport system, the design of the base module plays a key role. Already at the stage of evaluating the properties of the proposed basic module, it is possible to answer the question: is it possible to create an MTS on its basis or not. An analysis of the published designs of hybrid airships shows that the structures described in them are usually arranged in such a way that they cannot be used as the basic module of an airship MTS.

A hybrid airship of the American company Piasecki "Helistat" is known (Yu.S. Boyko. "Aeronautic vehicles and flights on them" 2015, p. 471, Fig. 335), which uses four helicopter modules located on the left and right sides of the shell on a branched remote farm. According to the project, an experimental model was built, which until mid-1986 made a series of successful flights. However, such a design cannot be used as the basic module of an airship MTS, because does not allow to achieve an increase in the maximum carrying capacity by grouping base airships by pairing them along the side surface of the shells. This is prevented by the lateral location of remote farms and propeller installations.

A hybrid airship of the Aerolet A-1 project developed by the Design Bureau of the Ukhtomsky Helicopter Plant (Yu.S. Boyko. "Aeronautic vehicles and flights on them" 2015, pp. 567-575, table 40), in which two helicopter propeller installations are also located along left and right sides of the airship shell on remote trusses. In terms of its technical nature, this airship is the closest analogue and was adopted as a prototype.

The rotors of the airship are provided with good conditions for operation in takeoff and landing and cruising flight modes. However, a number of advanced technical solutions used in the prototype complicate the implementation of the project within the framework of the modularity principle, reduce the reliability and operational manufacturability of the design.

From the point of view of the applicability of this scheme as the basic module of an airship MTS, it has a number of significant drawbacks. While maintaining the same type of helicopter propeller units, the maximum carrying capacity here can only be changed by inserting additional volumes with carrier gas into the shell contours. At the same time, the controllability of the hybrid airship in terms of heading and pitch is consistently deteriorating. the levers of the influence of the control moments remain constant, and the shoulders of the destabilizing moments increase with the growth of the shell elongation. In addition, from a safety perspective, a synchronizing transmission between the left and right propeller units is required, which should be put into operation in the event of a failure of one of the engines and equalize the power flows supplied to the rotors.

The presence of propeller units located along the sides of the airship does not allow increasing the maximum carrying capacity of the complex by combining the airships into groups by pairing them along the side surface of the shells, which is also a serious obstacle to increasing the number of options for the maximum carrying capacity of the MTS.

The objective of the invention is the device airship MTS, allowing you to get many, for example, up to eight options for the maximum carrying capacity of the modular transport system.

The objective of the invention is solved by the fact that the range of options for the maximum carrying capacity of the MTS is provided with the possibility of transforming the base module of the hybrid airship due to inserts into the contours of the shell of additional volumes with carrier gas and due to the ability of the base modules containing inserts of shells with additional volumes to be combined into groups with the possibility of their pairing on the side surfaces of the shells.

The obtained technical result is characterized by an essential feature:

- the range of maximum carrying capacity is provided with the possibility of transforming the base module of the hybrid airship due to inserts into the contours of the shell of additional volumes with carrier gas and due to the ability of the base modules containing inserts of shells with additional volumes to be combined into groups with the possibility of their pairing along the side surfaces of the shells.

On FIG. 1 shows the base module of the MTS hybrid airship.

On FIG. 2 shows the basic module of the MTS hybrid airship with one insert into the envelope contours of an additional volume of carrier gas.

On FIG. 3 shows the basic module of the MTS hybrid airship with two inserts into the shell contours of additional carrier gas volumes.

On FIG. 4 shows a grouping of two modules of the MTS hybrid airship with one insert into the contours of the shell of an additional volume of carrier gas.

On FIG. 5 shows a grouping of three modules of the MTS hybrid airship with one insert into the contours of the shell of an additional volume of carrier gas.

On FIG. Figure 6 shows a grouping of two modules of the MTS hybrid airship with two inserts into the contours of the shell of additional volumes of carrier gas.

On FIG. Figure 7 shows a grouping of three modules of the MTS hybrid airship with two inserts into the shell contours of additional carrier gas volumes.

On FIG. Figure 8 shows a grouping of four modules of the MTS hybrid airship with two inserts into the contours of the shell of additional volumes of carrier gas.

The device of the airship modular transport system according to Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 includes:

The base module of a hybrid airship (1) with a shell (2). Suspended gondola (3), power plant consisting of two helicopter modules (4) with pylons (5), tail unit (6), area (7) for placing a commercial cargo load and two-bearing wheel chassis (8). Typical inserts (9) and (10) in the airship shell. The number of base modules (1) with inserts (9) and (10) is determined by the maximum load capacity that must be ensured when forming groups.

The side surfaces of the shells (2) are free from protruding parts, which, in hybrid airship structures, are usually outrigger side trusses and helicopter propeller installations or rotary lifting and sustainer propellers. The side surfaces of the shells (2) can be mated with similar surfaces of other MTS airships with the possibility of partial deformation along the contact area when they are combined into groups.

The span of the tail surfaces (6) on the plan projection must be less than or equal to the maximum diameter of the MTS hybrid airship shell. Otherwise, the larger span of the tail plan (6) will prevent the pairing of the airship modules along the side surfaces.

The zone (7) for placing a commercial cargo load can have a different design, including the possibility of external hard or soft suspension of the load by means of a cable system.

On board, the cargo in zone (7) can be placed: in the inner tunnel volume of the keel beam; in a suspended gondola, elongated along the longitudinal axis of the keel beam; directly attached to the keel beam suspension units in the lower outer part along its longitudinal axis (rigid external suspension). The latter option is universal, the easiest to manufacture and provides maximum savings in the weight of the structure.

The device of the airship modular transport system operates as follows (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8):

The base module of the hybrid airship MTS (1) with the side surfaces of the shell (2) free from protruding parts (Fig. 1) is a variant of the 1st level of maximum carrying capacity.

To achieve the 2nd level of maximum load capacity, a standard insert (9) is mounted in the shell (2) of the base module (1) in production or in operation, which is joined to the shell (2) of the base module (Fig. 2).

The principle of modularity inevitably leads to the appearance of unnecessary parts and assemblies in the design compared to solid products. Therefore, in order to save the mass of the structure, typical inserts (9) and (10) must be made as large as possible. On the other hand, restrictions on the growth of the elongation of the hybrid airship quickly set in if the number of typical inserts is more than two. It seems convenient that the width of typical inserts (9) be the same and equal to one elongation unit, i.e. matched the shell diameter. For example, if the basic airship will have an aspect ratio λ=4, then with one typical insert (9) the aspect ratio will be λ=5, with two inserts λ=6. A further increase in the number of inserts is already impractical.

Thus, in order to achieve the 3rd level of maximum carrying capacity, two standard inserts (9) and (10) are mounted in the shell (2) of the base module of the hybrid airship (1) in production or in operation, which are joined to the shell (2) of the base module ( Fig. 3).

In addition, it is important that the outer shell of a typical insert (9) has a cylindrical shape or very close to it, because it is airships with one or two typical inserts that are further combined into groups by means of their conjugation along the side surfaces.

Thus, the grouping of the MTS hybrid airship of the 4th level of maximum carrying capacity is formed from two basic hybrid airships (1) having one typical insert (9) each (Fig. 4).

The grouping of the MTS hybrid airship of the 5th level of maximum carrying capacity is formed from three basic hybrid airships (1) having one typical insert (9) each (Fig. 5).

The grouping of the MTS hybrid airship of the 6th level of maximum carrying capacity is formed from two basic hybrid airships (1) having two typical inserts - (9) and (10) (Fig. 6).

The grouping of the MTS hybrid airship of the 7th level of maximum carrying capacity is formed from three basic hybrid airships (1) having two typical inserts - (9) and (10) (Fig. 7).

The grouping of the MTS hybrid airship of the 8th level of maximum carrying capacity is formed from four basic hybrid airships (1), which include typical inserts - (9) and (10) (Fig. 8).

Eight levels of maximum carrying capacity of the airship MTS make it possible to cover almost the entire existing demand for air transportation of bulky indivisible cargo. For example, if the designed basic hybrid airship MTS will have a maximum carrying capacity of 30 tons (1.5 times more than that of the Mi-26T), then by integrating eight levels of maximum carrying capacity of the airship MTS, it will be possible to transport cargo weighing from 30 to 200 tons at a distance from 300 to 1000 km. The same lifting capacity range will be available for crane operations during erection and dismantling operations.

The proposed device of the airship modular transport system allowed:

- obtain a wide range of maximum carrying capacity of MTS based on the same basic design of a hybrid airship;

- to substantiate the principles for choosing the main dimensions of a typical shell insert with additional volumes of lifting gas;

- confirm the need to exclude parts and structural units protruding beyond the dimensions of the side surfaces of the shell;

- to develop methods for combining hybrid airships of the basic design with one or two standard inserts into independent groups of different maximum carrying capacity;

- highlight the options for the design of the zone for placing a commercial cargo load, including the possibility of external hard or soft suspension of the load by means of a cable system.

Claims (1)

Airship modular transport system, including shells with carrier gas, tails, power plants, gondolas for crews and cargo accommodation, characterized in that the range of options for maximum carrying capacity is provided by the possibility of transforming the base module of a hybrid airship due to inserts into the contours of the shell of additional volumes with a carrier gas and due to the ability of base modules containing shell inserts with additional volumes to be combined into groups with the possibility of their conjugation along the side surfaces of the shells.

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