RU2786479C1 - Device and method for determination and monitoring of risks for health - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment; it can be used for determination and monitoring of health risks. A method and a device for implementation of the method are proposed. In this case, the device includes: sensors having a contact with the subject’s body and fixed to it; a measurement unit made with the possibility of conversion of signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature to a type of values measured by them; a unit of parametric-functional conversion providing conversion of each of received signals with measured physiological parameters from a parametric signal into a functional signal of a single form providing their comparison without additional conversion; a unit of signal comparison, made with the possibility of determination of the presence of risks and generation of corresponding signals about their presence; a risk assessment unit made with the possibility of assessment of risks and generation of signals with a general assessment (level) of risks; a display unit made with the possibility of conversion of the general assessment (level) of risks into a message to a person carrying the device and/or a specialist performing health monitoring.

EFFECT: group of inventions provides an increase in the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of determination of health risks, as well as an increase in the universality of tools for their determination by taking into account simultaneously measured heterogeneous physiological characteristics of the subject’s organism.

26 cl, 11 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment, namely, to devices and methods for determining and monitoring risks to the health of a subject, as well as for diagnosing the state of the subject's body. The term "subject" in the present invention refers to a person - the carrier of the device or another living organism, in particular, an animal (including a mammal).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Devices and methods for determining the state of human health based on signals from various sensors are known.

A known method of monitoring normal or abnormal physiological events in patients by analyzing their biomedical signals according to international application WO200357025, publ. 12/24/2003, IPC A61B 05/00. The analyzed biomedical signal is examined as follows. A raw signal is obtained, for example, an ECG of a patient using an appropriate electrode. Perform adaptive segmentation of this signal. Next, features are extracted from said raw signal. Produce clustering of temporal features and features of the waveform. Based on the data obtained, the medical interpretation of the clusters is performed.

In patent EP2156788, publ. 02/24/2010, IPC A61B 05/00 disclosed a method for measuring in the time series of a vital sign. Vital signs are continuously measured by the vital sign measurement module. The user's vital sign change determination module determines whether a person can drive a vehicle for health reasons.

The closest is a method for detecting pathological fluctuations in physiological signals for the diagnosis of human diseases, described in the application US20100234748, publ. 09/16/2010, IPC A61B 05/04.

The method includes performing a sliding window analysis to find sequences in physiological signal data that correspond to amplitude and duration corrected versions of the template function within a specified tolerance.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The technical result achieved in the present invention is to increase the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of determining health risks, as well as to increase the universality of the tools for their determination by taking into account simultaneously measured heterogeneous physiological characteristics of the subject's body.

To achieve the above technical result, a device for determining and monitoring health risks is proposed, including: sensors that have contact with the subject's body and are attached to it; a measurement unit configured to convert signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature to the type of values of the quantities measured by them; a parametric-functional conversion unit that converts each of the received signals with the measured physiological parameters from a parametric signal into a functional signal of a single form, which ensures their comparison without additional conversion; a signal matching unit configured to determine the presence of risks and generate appropriate signals about their presence; a risk assessment unit configured to evaluate risks and generate signals with a general assessment (level) of risks; a display unit configured to convert the overall assessment (level) of risks into a message to a person - the carrier of the device and / or a specialist who monitors health.

In the device according to the present invention, the sensors can be attached to the body of the subject in any way that is not harmful to his health, for example, by fastening a bracelet, by fixing with a patch or chest strap, or by implantation.

The device according to the present invention can be configured to receive signals from any known types of sensors, for example, piezoelectric, optoelectric, electrochemical, audio-video sensors, as well as other promising sensors that provide measurement of physiological characteristics.

The device according to the present invention can be configured to receive signals from sensors installed directly in the body of the device, as well as, if necessary, from sensors installed outside the body, via wires or standard wireless data protocols.

The device according to the present invention is configured to receive signals from parameter sensors of various physical nature by means of a measurement unit, a parametric-functional conversion unit, a signal matching unit, and a risk assessment unit.

The device according to the present invention can be configured to continuously monitor risks to the health of a subject for a long time.

In the device according to the present invention, the display unit may include a light and/or sound indicator and/or a screen.

The device according to the present invention may be associated with a mobile device in the form of a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop, or desktop computer.

The device for determining and monitoring health risks provides the following main functions:

- implementation of long-term monitoring by continuous measurement of physiological characteristics (for example, heart rate (HR), temperature, concentration of basic substances, etc.) using sensors that have contact with the subject's body and are attached to it;

- parametric-functional transformation of each of the measured heterogeneous signals into homogeneous functional signals for their subsequent comparison;

- comparison of homogeneous functional signals;

- assessment of health risks in accordance with a set of established conditions associated with health risks and reflecting possible changes in health;

- informing the person - the wearer of the device and / or the specialist who monitors health about the risks identified by the device.

In addition, the invention provides for the presence in the device of additional functions that allow to increase the accuracy of the analysis of the subject's health status:

- continuous control by the device of its state (for example, control of the presence of power and connection of sensors that have contact with the body of the subject);

- automatic correction of signals containing measured physiological characteristics (providing feedback during measurement processes);

- interaction with external systems in order to transfer data from the device for additional processing.

The sensors, the measurement unit, the parametric-functional conversion unit, the signal matching unit, the risk assessment unit and the display unit can be structurally combined and made in the form of a wearable personal device, for example, in the form of a bracelet.

If necessary, the sensors can be placed outside the bracelet body and connected to the bracelet by wires or by standard wireless data transfer protocols.

The whole set of essential features of the claimed device and method for determining and monitoring health risks directly affects the achievement of the claimed technical result. The sign of the presence in the claimed device of sensors that have contact with the body of the subject and are fixed on it, and the sign of receiving signals from sensors containing measured physiological characteristics are key to the present invention and provide the ability to operate the device and implement the method and achieve the claimed technical result. The accuracy, reliability and efficiency of determining health risks cannot be improved without the presence of sensors in the claimed device, without receiving signals from these sensors and without their further transformation in the manner described in the present invention. Increasing the versatility of tools for determining health risks is also ensured primarily due to the presence of sensors in the claimed device, receiving signals from these sensors and their further conversion.

Also, to achieve the above technical result, a method for determining and monitoring health risks is proposed, characterized in that sets of functional parameters are preliminarily created, each of which includes a set of interrelated threshold values of critical physiological parameters and their time characteristics in terms of duration and frequency, receive signals containing measured physiological characteristics, at least from one sensor, convert each of the received signals into a signal of a single form, providing their comparison without additional conversion at a given time interval, while determining the value of the signal, indicating the presence of a risk factor for health when this signal reaches the critical threshold the value of a parameter stored in one of the many pre-generated sets of functional parameters, or a value indicating the absence of a health risk factor if the threshold is not reached, then, signals of a single form are compared with each other within each set of functional parameters and, if the values of the signals of the set, indicating the presence of a risk factor for health, coincide, they make a decision about the presence of certain risks for the health of the subject, based on the set of which they form an overall assessment of the state of health, about which they inform a person - the carrier of the device and / or a specialist who performs continuous long-term health monitoring, characterized in that the above device is used, while fixing it on the subject's body in any way that does not harm his health.

The method of determining and monitoring health risks by the above device for determining and monitoring health risks, which consists in performing the following operations, can be described in more detail as follows.

Sets of functional parameters are preliminarily created, each of which includes a set of interrelated threshold values of critical physiological parameters and their time characteristics in terms of duration and frequency, characterizing a certain health risk factor. At the same time, the choice of the values of critical physiological parameters and their time characteristics in terms of duration and frequency is based on verified medical data.

Each set of functional parameters is formed on the basis of at least two parameters (time and at least one physiological parameter corresponding to it) received from sensors.

Further, in order to ensure the constant determination and monitoring of health risks, which consist in the continuous sequential execution of all operations of the method, with the exception of the operation of pre-creating a set of functional parameters, signals containing the measured physiological characteristics are received from at least one sensor. From the sensors receive signals containing, in particular, the following parameters: heart rate, state of sleep or wakefulness; type of physical activity of the subject, energy consumption and income, state of hydration of the body, sleep phases, stress level, glucose content in the intercellular fluid, but not limited to this list.

Then each of the received signals is converted into a functional signal of a single form, which ensures their comparison without additional conversion at a given time interval, at the same time, a value is determined for the signal, indicating the presence of a risk factor for health when this signal reaches the threshold of the critical value of the parameter stored in one of the set previously formed sets of functional parameters, or a value indicating the absence of a health risk factor if the threshold is not reached. In other words, this allows heterogeneous signals from sensors to be converted into a single form for their subsequent comparison. It should be noted that from one signal from the sensor in the process of its conversion into a signal of a single form, as many homogeneous signals are obtained as there are different threshold values of critical physiological parameters corresponding to the signal in the sets of functional parameters.

In addition, before converting the signals from the sensors into signals of a single form, a certain value (for example, the arithmetic mean) of the signal from the sensor at a given time interval is determined.

Further, when the signal from the sensor reaches the threshold value of the critical physiological parameter, the value of the deviation of the signal from the threshold value, the duration and frequency of such a deviation are stored. Taking into account the magnitude of the deviation, the duration and frequency of such a deviation makes it possible to more accurately determine the state of health when making a decision about the presence of a risk factor.

Then, signals of a single form are compared with each other within each set of functional parameters and, if the values of the signals of the set, indicating the presence of a health risk factor, coincide, a decision is made that health risks have been identified, while generating appropriate signals about their presence.

After that, sets of conditions are formed that are associated with the identified health risks and reflect possible changes in health.

Then, the risks are assessed in accordance with the received set of conditions and the overall assessment of health risks is determined, while the corresponding signals with this assessment are formed.

Finally, the person - the device carrier and/or the health monitoring specialist is informed by displaying signals with a general assessment (level) of risks on the display unit of the device.

In the method according to the present invention, the external device may be selected from the group consisting of a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop or desktop computer.

In the method according to the present invention, sets of functional parameters are created in advance and their corresponding threshold values are set. In the method according to the present invention, signals can be received from sensors containing, in particular, the following parameters: heart rate, state of sleep or wakefulness; type of physical activity of a person, energy consumption and income, state of hydration of the body, sleep phases, stress level, glucose content in the intercellular fluid, but not limited to this list.

In the method according to the present invention, both the current value of the signal from the sensor and the accumulated historical data are used before converting the signals from the sensors into signals of a single form.

In the method according to the present invention, after converting each of the received signals into a single waveform signal, a single homogeneous stream is formed from the uniform waveforms.

In the method according to the present invention, for each set of functional parameters, one or more time windows can be used to which the incoming data for each of the signals is correlated.

In the method according to the present invention, the length of each time window may be determined by a specific set of functional parameters.

In the method according to the present invention, it is possible to carry out continuous monitoring of the technical condition of the device, automatic correction of signals containing measured physiological characteristics, namely, providing feedback during measurement processes, interaction with external systems for data transmission.

In the method according to the present invention, actions on received signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature are divided into independent technological stages (signal conversion stages), and are carried out by means of the corresponding blocks of the claimed device.

Increasing the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of determining health risks, as well as increasing the versatility of the tools for their determination in the claimed method and device for its implementation is provided by the entire set of features of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

On FIG. 1 shows embodiments of the invention.

On FIG. 2 is a general flow diagram of a method for determining and monitoring health risks.

On FIG. 3 shows the scheme for creating sets of functional parameters.

On FIG. 4 shows graphs of signal conversion, containing the measured physiological parameters from the sensor, into a signal of a single form.

On FIG. Figure 5 shows graphs of the results of comparing signals of a single form within the set of signals of each of the created sets of functional parameters and graphs of certain health risks.

On FIG. 6 shows an example of converting signals containing measured physiological parameters from sensors into a single waveform.

On FIG. Figure 7 shows another example of converting signals containing measured physiological parameters from sensors into a single waveform.

On FIG. 8 shows an example that reflects the content of the transformation of parametric signals into functional ones with their subsequent comparison, which underlies the method for determining and monitoring health risks.

On FIG. 9 shows an example of a general scheme for identifying risks.

On FIG. 10 shows an example of risk identification in a wearable personal device in the form of a wristband.

On FIG. 11 shows an example of the implementation of the invention in the form of a wearable personal device based on analog and digital microcircuits.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

For the device and method for determining and monitoring health risks, several implementation options are allowed (Fig. 1). Thus, the invention can be implemented independently as a wearable personal device, for example, in the form of a bracelet with sensors that are in contact with the subject's body and attached to it (I), as part of a bracelet-phone (tablet) pair (II) or as an element in as part of a complex system of technical devices (III) based on general-purpose digital technology.

Wearable personal devices 1 (Fig. 1), including a device for determining and monitoring health risks, are mainly designed to measure physiological parameters and inform about the obtained values of these parameters of the device carrier. Currently, these devices do not provide a sufficiently detailed definition of risks to the health of the subject. In addition, these devices, as elements of complex systems of technical devices, can be associated with another wearable device, for example, a mobile phone (tablet) 2, in order to transfer data from the device to an external device 3 for additional processing (III).

The invention implemented independently as a wearable personal device (Fig. 1), for example, in the form of a bracelet with sensors (I) consists of: sensors (1) that have contact with the subject's body and are attached to it; a measurement unit (2) that converts signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature to the form of values of the quantities measured by them; a parametric-functional conversion unit (3) that converts each of the received signals with the measured physiological parameters from a parametric signal into a functional signal of a single form, which ensures their comparison without additional conversion; a signal matching block (4) that determines the presence of risks and generates appropriate signals about their presence; a risk assessment block (5) that performs risk assessment and generates signals with a general assessment (level) of risks; a display unit (6) that converts the overall assessment (level) of risks into a message to a person - the device carrier and / or a specialist who monitors health.

The main function of the invention is to determine health risks by sequential processing of parametric signals measured by one or more sensors of parameters of various physical nature (1) based on their purposeful parametric-functional transformation in measurement units (2), parametric-functional transformation (3), comparison signals (4) and risk assessment (5).

The display unit (5) is designed to convert signals with a general assessment (level) of risks into a message to a person - the device carrier and / or a specialist who monitors health, by means of a light, sound indicator and / or screen.

Sequential processing of parametric signals in the process of determining health risks consists in the step-by-step transformation of signals received from sensors into a message to a person - the device carrier and / or a specialist who monitors health about the identified risks. Five stages of transformation are used: measurement, parametric-functional transformation, comparison, risk assessment, mapping. Each transformation is carried out in the corresponding block of the device. A graphic representation of the stages of transformation of signals received from sensors in the process of determining health risks, the types of such signals, as well as the composition of the blocks corresponding to these transformations are shown in Fig. 2.

Before the start of the measurement procedures, sets of functional parameters 4 are created in advance (Fig. 3) (sets in the figures), each of which includes a set of interrelated threshold values of critical physiological parameters and their time characteristics in terms of duration and frequency, characterizing a certain critical health risk factor. These parameters may include: heart rate, state of sleep or wakefulness; type of physical activity of the subject, energy consumption and income, state of hydration of the body, sleep phases, stress level, glucose content in the intercellular fluid, but not limited to this list.

The diagram (Fig. 3) shows the procedure for creating a set of functional parameters 4.

Functional parameter sets 4 that reflect specific health conditions are interrelated hypotheses about a possible health risk 5 given for each of the risk factors (FR) for health, which can be identified on the basis of S(P) signals containing measured physiological characteristics , obtained using sensors, in the form of parameters P. In fact, each of the sets of functional parameters 4 reflects a hypothesis about a possible health risk when several parameters P are combined. Time is also one of the parameters, since time characteristics should be taken into account when determining health risks according to the duration and frequency of parameters P.

When forming hypotheses about a possible health risk when several P parameters are combined, objective data accumulated by medicine and reflecting the cause-and-effect relationships between the disease and the sequence of changes in the subject's physiological characteristics that precede it are used. Based on these data, threshold critical values CP of those parameters P that can be measured using a wearable personal device 1 (I, Fig. 1) are formed.

An example of one such possible set of function parameters 4 is shown in FIG. 6. The following parameters are used as parameters P of signals S (P): HR; a sign (kind) of activity in which the subject is located (in particular for a person, “calm state”, “walking”, “running”); parameter "Observation time".

For each parameter in the set, its threshold value is set, respectively, each parameter of the set is defined as a critical physiological parameter.

In the implementation shown in FIG. 6, the following parameter thresholds are set:

- for the critical physiological parameter of heart rate, the threshold value of heart rate _norms is pre-set. The current value of the critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter signal S (HR) is defined as "S(HR) >70%*S(HR _norms )". That is, if, as a result of monitoring the heart rate signal, a deviation from the established boundary of the physiological parameter of heart rate by more than 70% is recorded, then the presence of a certain health risk factor, which is characterized by this parameter, is also recorded. That is, for a given critical physiological parameter, a threshold can be assigned in the form of a relative value as a fraction of the nominal value of this parameter;

- the value of the threshold critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter signal S (type of activity), which indicates the appearance of a risk factor, is set to any state, except for the "Running" state. That is, for a critical physiological parameter characterizing the type of activity of the subject, the presence of a certain risk factor is established only if it belongs to a certain current state;

- the value of the threshold critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter S (Time of observation), which indicates the appearance of a risk factor - "2 min". That is, the risk factor is set when a specific absolute value is reached.

On FIG. 7 shows another example in which two sets of function parameters 4 are formulated based on the same parameters P. The set of function parameters N is the set of the example in FIG. 6. The set of functional parameters N+1 based on the same parameters P is associated with another hypothesis about the possible risk to the health of the subject. In the implementation shown in the figure, the following parameter thresholds are set for this hypothesis:

- for the critical physiological parameter of heart rate, the threshold value of heart rate _norms is pre-set. The current value of the critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter signal S (HR) is defined as "S(HR) >90%*S(HR _norms )". That is, if, as a result of monitoring the heart rate signal, a deviation from the threshold of the physiological parameter of heart rate by more than 90% is recorded, then the presence of a certain health risk factor, which is characterized by this parameter, is also recorded. That is, for a given critical physiological parameter, a threshold can be assigned in the form of a relative value as a fraction of the nominal value of this parameter;

- the threshold value of the critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter signal S (type of activity), which indicates the appearance of a risk factor, is set as the "Running" state. That is, for a critical physiological parameter characterizing the type of activity of the subject, the presence of a certain risk factor is established only if it belongs to a certain current state;

- the value of the threshold critical physiological parameter CP for the parameter S (Time of observation), which indicates the appearance of a risk factor - "0.1 min". That is, the risk factor is set when a specific absolute value is reached.

The example in Fig. 7 shows that even for the same parameter combinations there can be several sets of functional parameters. The number of sets depends only on how many risks can be determined using the available sensor data.

The implementation of a set of functional parameters in the device is assumed by pre-setting the threshold values of critical physiological parameters, for example, in the simplest case in the form of an electrical voltage amplitude, when it will be necessary to use an analog input signal in the threshold device (Fig. 11) - a signal from a sensor that measures heart rate.

Sets of functional parameters can also store time characteristics of critical physiological parameters. A digital clock can be used for this. For example, if the heart rate is high and lasts too long, these signal values may be in the appropriate set.

For the purpose of continuous long-term monitoring of risks, retrospective data on monitoring the health of the subject's body can be accumulated both directly on the device and transferred to external systems (devices) for storage and further processing. For this, it is possible to interact with external devices selected from a group including a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop or desktop computer.

The method for determining and monitoring health risks implemented in the invention is as follows (Fig. 2).

From one or two sensors 1 (Fig. 2), for example, from Sensor 1 and Sensor 2, signals S(P) containing the measured physiological parameters P are received.

Further, in the measurement unit 2, the signals from the sensors of parameters of various physical nature are converted to the form of the values of the quantities measured by them, that is, the signals take on a parametric character.

After that, in the parametric-functional conversion block 3, each of the received parametric signals is converted into a functional signal of a single (hereinafter - binary) form at a given time interval. At the same time, the value “1” is determined for the functional signal when the corresponding parametric signal reaches the threshold of the critical physiological parameter stored in one of the many pre-formed sets of functional parameters 4 (Fig. 3), and the value “0” if the threshold is not reached.

On FIG. 4 shows an example of such a transformation for conditional signals S1 and S2. For the signal S1, the boundary of the critical physiological parameter is the threshold value CP1, indicated by a dotted line, and for the signal S2, the threshold value CP2. If this value is exceeded at a given time interval, then at the output of the parametric-functional conversion block 3 (Fig. 2) "1" is recorded for the signals CB ₁ or CB ₂ , if not exceeded, then "0" is recorded.

The method involves determining a certain value (for example, the arithmetic mean) of the signal from the sensor on the time intervals of the input signals S, to deviate from interference. In addition, the signals S containing the measured physiological parameters may be absent, for example, due to a sensor malfunction, the presence of interference in signal transmission and other objective reasons. In this case, no CB signals are generated after conversion. Gaps in signaling follow, as illustrated in FIG. 4.

The next step (Fig. 2) is to compare the binary form signals within each of the sets of functional parameters in the mapping block 4. At the output of the parametric-functional transformation block 3, a single stream of binary signals is formed. Thus, this conversion allows further matching of signals that could not be matched before they were converted to binary form.

It's about matching in its simplest binary form, "1" and "0". However, it may be possible to store the deviation from the threshold in the previous step in the form of a larger number of values, that is, to store the value of the deviation from the threshold of the critical physiological parameter. This allows, when making a decision about the presence of health risks, to take into account the magnitude of the deviation from the threshold of a critical physiological parameter, as well as the duration and frequency of such a deviation, which also increases the accuracy of the method.

For each of the created sets of functional parameters 4 (Fig. 3), all its functional signals of binary form are compared with each other, and if the values “1” match for each of the signals of the set, a decision is made about the presence of certain health risks. This operation is explained in Fig. 5. Functional signals of binary form SB ₁ , SB ₂ , SB ₃ , in this example, are compared according to the logic "AND" within each of the sets of functional parameters: set 1, set 2 and set 3. If on the time interval of matching within the set of functional parameters, each SB signal will have the value "1", at the output "1". If there is at least one "0", the output will be "0". In this example, when comparing set 1 and set 3, the output contains a "1", indicating that there is a certain health risk. If several sets of functional parameters worked simultaneously, then several conditions are identified that are associated with health risks and reflect possible changes in health. It should also be noted that a single identified condition may indicate several health risks.

A general example, reflecting the content of the transformation of parametric signals into functional ones with their subsequent comparison, which underlies the method for determining and monitoring health risks, is shown in Fig. eight.

The next stage (Fig. 2) consists in assessing health risks in accordance with previously established conditions associated with risks and reflecting possible changes in health, and is implemented in risk assessment block 5. For example, for a qualitative risk assessment generated by the device, one can use algebra of binary logic. An example of a general scheme for such a risk assessment is shown in Fig. nine.

At the next stage (Fig. 2), in the display unit 6 of the device for determining and monitoring health risks (for example, in a wearable personal device 1 in the form of a bracelet, shown in Fig. 1), the overall assessment (level) of risks is converted into a message to a person - device carrier and/or health monitoring specialist, for example, in the form of a light indication or a text message on the device screen (Fig. 10).

medical examples.

As a practical example of determining health risks, we will give an example with signals from a wearable personal device containing physiological parameters measured in an observed male (subject) of 60 years of age in terms of stress level and hydration level. At the first stage of conversion to binary signals, a comparison with the signals of the established threshold value of the critical physiological parameter and the time of this excess of both the signal with the stress parameter and the signal with the hydration level parameter (dehydration) takes place. At the next stage, binary form signals are already compared within the corresponding sets of functional parameters. In this case, the following situations can be identified:

- increased stress with low hydration;

- prolonged low hydration (dehydration).

Health monitoring showed that the subject had severe chronic dehydration. A doctor's appointment confirmed that after replacing one of the heart valves with an artificial one 10 years ago, for the past two years he had been taking blood pressure medication, which includes a diuretic, which led to "blood thickening" caused by a state of dehydration. At the same time, low hydration was accompanied by increased stress. In this example, the identified risk was recognized by the doctor as essential for the life and health of the patient and a new treatment was prescribed.

All these situations indicate the presence of an objective possibility of identifying risks to the health of the subject.

Based on these data, more general assessments of the subject's health risk can be further considered. For example, these indicated risks may indicate a cardiovascular disease, or a metabolic disorder. In addition, data on the risks associated with stress and low hydration may indicate a decrease in adaptive capacity or a decrease in performance.

It should also be noted that, for example, a general assessment of risks to the health of a subject can be built in the form of a presentation of risks in the form of a sequential listing of risks and their parameters, which will then be analyzed by specialists who make general decisions about the health and general risks for the subject. An automated system can also be built, which, on the basis of the data received, will determine more general risks, according to all the received data on risks or in part of them. The implementation of this possibility is provided by the interaction of the invention with external systems (devices) in order to transfer data from the device for additional processing.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The invention can be implemented as a wearable personal device, for example, in the form of a bracelet, or it can be part of a complex system of technical devices, as its element.

An example of the implementation of the invention in the form of a wearable personal device in the form of a wristband, based on analog and digital microcircuits, is shown in Fig. eleven.

As an example, a method is given for detecting an excess of the critical value of heart rate, which indicates a risk of CVD (Risk 1), together with a method for detecting elevated heart rate at night, which indicates a risk of reducing the adaptive capabilities of the subject's body (Risk 2).

So, from a heart rate sensor (for example, an optical heart rate monitor) placed in the bracelet case and having contact with the subject’s body by fixing it on the wrist by fastening the bracelet, an electrical signal is sent to the threshold device (Comparator 1), in which it is converted from an analog output signal into digital information. If the input analog signal in its value is greater than a certain (threshold) voltage (critical heart rate), which is set in advance as a critical functional signal of the first set of functional parameters (set 1) of the device (bracelet), then a logic level signal equal to " one". In this case, through the simplest connection scheme (for example, through a correctly selected resistor), the signal from the logic element “lights up” the LED. This suggests that a risk factor has been identified - increased heart rate, which means that, for example, the risk of CVD has been determined (Risk 1). As an assumption for this risk, in order to simplify the graphic scheme, the second critical parameter (Time) is not considered.

To implement the method for detecting increased heart rate at night, additional elements of the device will be required, which are also located in the bracelet case, since it is necessary to control two risk factors: increased heart rate and the type of activity of the subject “Sleep”.

So, to determine the current time of day and measure the duration of time intervals in units less than one day (in our case, night time), a digital clock is required, at the output of which a time signal is generated, which is distributed to two digital comparators (Digital comparator 1 and Digital comparator 2). Such comparators are widely used in measuring technology, radio and wire communications, and household appliances. For example, a digital clock with an alarm clock contains a digital comparator, in which, when the current time coincides with the set one, an audible signal sounds.

On the first digital comparator, the value of 0 h 0 min (Alarm clock 1) is set in advance, which means the beginning of the night time of the day, and on the second - the value of 6 h 0 min (Alarm clock 2), which means the end of the night time. These values refer to the second set of functional parameters (set 2) of the device (bracelet). When the conditional alarm clock of each of the comparators is triggered, a logic level signal equal to "1" is generated at their output. Both signals are fed to the third digital comparator (Digital comparator 3), at the output of which a logic level signal equal to "1" is generated in the presence of "1" from the first comparator and a signal "0" when "1" is received from the second, respectively. At the same time, with each such switching, the first and second comparators change their output signal to the opposite one until the next triggering of the conditional alarm clock. Thus, the device implements the critical physiological parameter "night time", which characterizes the conditional type of activity of the subject "Sleep", that is, the presence of a certain risk factor is established only if it belongs to this current state. To increase the reliability of measurements of the type of activity, for example, such a sensor as an accelerometer, which measures the movement of the device in space, can be additionally used.

Taking into account that for the second method, two risk factors must be taken into account, the signals from the threshold device (Comparator 1), meaning the presence of the first factor in the presence of “1” at its output, and the signals from the third digital comparator (Digital comparator 3), meaning if there is “1” at its output, the presence of the second factor is fed to the fourth digit comparator (Digital comparator 4), in which they are compared. With the simultaneous presence of two signals equal to “1” at the input of the fourth comparator, a signal equal to “1” is also formed at its output, which means there is a risk of reducing the adaptive capabilities of the subject’s body (Risk 2). In this case, similarly to the first method, the signal from the logic element of the fourth digital comparator "lights" the LED.

The advantage of the invention is the ease of implementation and versatility, which makes it possible to determine health risks using any signals with any data on the parameters and data on the state of the subject's body.

Claims (26)

1. A device for determining and monitoring health risks, including: sensors (1) that have contact with the subject's body and are attached to it; a measurement unit (2) configured to convert signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature to the type of values of the quantities measured by them; block (3) parametric-functional conversion, configured to convert each of the received signals with the measured physiological parameters of the parametric signal into a functional signal of a single form, providing their comparison without additional conversion; block (4) matching signals, made with the ability to determine the presence of risks; block (5) risk assessment, made with the possibility of risk assessment; characterized in that it contains a display unit (6) configured to convert a general risk assessment into a message to a person - the device carrier and/or a specialist who monitors health, while the signal matching unit (4) is configured to generate appropriate signals about the presence risks determined by the signal matching unit (4), wherein the risk assessment unit (5) is configured to generate signals with a general risk assessment assessed in the risk assessment unit (5). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors (1) are attached to the body of the subject in one of the following ways that do not harm his health: by fastening the bracelet, by fixing it with a patch or chest strap, or by implantation. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to receive signals from piezoelectric sensors, opto-electric sensors, electrochemical sensors, as well as audio-video sensors that measure physiological characteristics. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is configured to receive signals from sensors (1) installed directly in the device housing, and, if necessary, from sensors (1) installed outside the housing, via wires or via wireless data transmission. 5. The device according to p. (5) risk assessment. 6. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of continuous long-term monitoring of risks to the health of the subject. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the display unit (6) contains a light and/or sound indicator and/or a screen. 8. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is associated with a mobile device made in the form of a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop, or desktop computer. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the parametric-functional conversion unit (3) is configured to convert each of the received signals with measured physiological parameters from a parametric signal into a binary functional signal. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the risk assessment unit (5) is configured to generate signals with a general risk level, and the display unit (6) is configured to convert the overall risk level into a message to a person - the device carrier and / or health monitor. 11. A method for determining and monitoring health risks, characterized in that sets of functional parameters are preliminarily created, each of which includes a set of interrelated threshold values of critical physiological parameters and their temporal characteristics in terms of duration and frequency, is received as signals containing measured physiological characteristics, according to from at least one sensor, and use the accumulated retrospective data, convert each of the signals into a signal of a single form, providing their comparison without additional conversion at a given time interval, while determining the value of the signal, indicating the presence of a risk factor for health when this signal reaches threshold of a critical value of a parameter stored in one of a plurality of pre-generated sets of functional parameters, or a value indicating the absence of a health risk factor if the threshold is not reached, then matched among themselves, the signals of a single form within each set of functional parameters and when the values of the signals of the set, indicating the presence of a risk factor for health, coincide, make a decision about the presence of certain risks for the health of the subject, based on the set of which they form an overall assessment of the state of health, about which the person is informed - the carrier of the device and / or a specialist who performs continuous long-term health monitoring, characterized in that the device according to any one of paragraphs is used. 1-10, while fixing it on the body of the subject in any way that does not harm his health. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the external device is selected from the group including a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop or desktop computer. 13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that sets of functional parameters are created in advance and threshold values corresponding to them are set. 14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that each of the sets of functional parameters includes a combination of at least two parameters: time and at least one corresponding physiological parameter obtained from sensors. 15. The method according to p. 11, characterized in that the sensors receive signals containing the following parameters: heart rate, state of sleep or wakefulness; type of physical activity of a person, energy consumption and income, state of hydration of the body, sleep phases, stress level, glucose content in the intercellular fluid. 16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that before converting the signals from the sensors into signals of a single form, the value, for example, the arithmetic mean, of the signal from the sensor at a given time interval is determined. 17. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, after converting each of the received signals into a signal of a single form, a single homogeneous stream is formed from the signals of a single form. 18. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that when the signal from the sensor reaches the threshold value of the critical physiological parameter, the value of the deviation of the signal from the sensor from the threshold value is stored. 19. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that when making a decision about the presence of a health risk, the deviation of the signal from the sensor from the threshold value, as well as the duration and frequency of such deviation, are taken into account. 20. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that from one signal from the sensor in the process of its conversion into a signal of a single form, as many homogeneous signals are obtained as there are different threshold values of critical physiological parameters corresponding to the signal in sets of functional parameters. 21. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that for each set of functional parameters one or more time windows are used, with which the incoming data for each of the signals is correlated. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the length of each time window is determined by a set of functional parameters. 23. The method according to claim. 11, characterized in that they carry out continuous monitoring of the technical condition of the device, automatic correction of signals containing measured physiological characteristics, namely, providing feedback during measurement processes, interaction with external systems for data transmission. 24. The method according to p. 11, characterized in that the actions on the received signals from sensors of parameters of various physical nature are divided into independent technological stages, and are carried out by means of the corresponding blocks (2-6) of the device according to p. 1. 25. The method according to p. 24, characterized in that independent technological stages are the stages of signal conversion. 26. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that if a single binary form is selected when converting parametric signals into functional signals, then signals containing measured physiological characteristics are received from at least one sensor, each of the received signals is converted into a binary signal form at a given time interval, while determining the signal value "1" when this signal reaches the threshold of the critical value of the parameter stored in one of the many pre-formed sets of functional parameters, and the value "0" if the threshold is not reached, then compare the signals of the binary forms within each set of functional parameters and if the values "1" of the signals of the set coincide, they make a decision about the presence of certain risks to the health of the subject.

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