RU2785256C1 - Wind power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind energy, namely to wind power plants, and serves to convert the kinetic energy of the wind flow into electrical energy using at least two wind turbines and transfer the generated electrical energy to the regional power supply network. The wind farm contains at least two wind turbines for generating electricity, each of which contains a generator and a common device for supplying the generated electricity or part of it to the power supply network. At least two sections of DC buses, two input modules, two output modules and a control module are additionally introduced into the common feeder. The output of the alternating electric current generator of each wind turbine is connected through one of the inputs of the common supply device to the input of the corresponding input module, made in the form of a matching transformer, an AC rectifier, a DC sensor, a DC protection device connected in series. The output of each input module is connected to the DC bus section, and the input of the output module is connected to the bus section. phase current and voltage sensors. The output of the output module is connected to the power supply network through the output of the common feeder and the power line. The AC rectifier output is connected to the DC sensor input through a smoothing filter. In the output module, the step-up transformer and the first block of phase current and voltage sensors are connected through an electromagnetic compatibility filter.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability of generation, improving the weight and size indicators of wind turbines, increasing the efficiency of conversion, maintaining the static stability of generation during transients and deep voltage drawdowns in the network.

10 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, namely to wind power plants and serves to convert the kinetic energy of the wind flow into electrical energy using wind power plants combined into a wind farm and transfer the generated electrical energy to a regional power supply network.

The claimed invention is aimed at creating a new structure of a wind power plant, based on the principles of constructing switchgears for electrical installations, providing a reduction in the mass of wind power plants, increasing reliability, increasing conversion efficiency, maintaining static stability of generation during transients and deep voltage drops in the network.

The active development of renewable energy sources is one of the main factors driving the growth of the power electronics market, requiring continuous improvement in conversion efficiency, reliability and simplified integration with external electrical networks.

Modern wind energy is developing in two main directions:

- wind power plants (wind turbines) of low power, designed to provide autonomous power supply to isolated objects remote from electrical networks;

- large wind farms (WP) and wind power plants (WPP), with megawatt-class wind turbines operating as part of integrated energy systems.

Wind farms (WP) and wind power plants (WPP), depending on the installed capacity, can occupy large areas with the location of individual wind turbines at different vertical levels and lengths from hundreds of meters to units of kilometers. Given the rather impressive unit capacities of modern wind turbines (from 1 to 15 MW), this situation necessitates the use of intermediate stages of electrical energy transformation to reduce the level of electrical losses.

To transfer the generated electrical energy to the power supply network, modern VP wind farms and network WPPs are equipped with their own step-up isolation transformer, and the connection between the wind power plants and the step-up isolation transformer is carried out on the medium voltage side in the range from 6 to 35 kV. The urgency of the problem lies in the significant length of medium voltage circuits (local distribution network, collector network), to which a large number of medium voltage transformers operating in parallel are connected, the primary windings of which are connected to the outputs of generators or inverters of each wind turbine, depending on the structure of the station's power pooling. The distance between electrically connected wind turbines and isolation step-up transformers can reach several kilometers, as a result of which the local distribution network (collector network) has a significant length. Any malfunction in the local distribution network leads to an emergency shutdown of the VP or WPP and lowers the overall reliability of generation.

In addition, it becomes difficult to implement the following main tasks of wind farms: accuracy and speed of electromechanical control of the rotation speed and torques on the shafts of electric generators, all control systems of generating inverters must simultaneously and quickly generate control signals for independent control of active and reactive power, limit short-circuit currents (short circuit), maintain operability during deep mains voltage drops (excluding cases of desynchronization of the output circuits), stabilize the voltage in magnitude and phase during transients, ensuring static stability, and also carry out the most efficient power take-off (MPRT).

A significant number of generating inverters operating through medium voltage transformers, the outputs of which are connected in parallel, through a local distribution network (collector network) leads to the following problems: it is difficult to control active and reactive power without mutual influence, short-circuit currents at wind turbines with converters are within 1 .1 - 2.5 nominal and lead to protection that is quite difficult to implement in terms of reliability and selectivity without the likelihood of false alarms. A short circuit in one of the power electronic switches of the generating inverter turns into an interphase short circuit, while the power of the currents of the local distribution network is significant and, by reverse transformation (through a medium voltage transformer), leads to a complete failure of the inverter, without the possibility of a quick recovery.

A power converter is known (RF Pat. No. 2408971 C2, IPC H02P9/04, publ. 10.01.2011, Bull. No. 1), which can be used to interface a generator that generates an adjustable voltage with an adjustable frequency with a power supply network that should provide a nominal fixed voltage with a nominal fixed frequency, containing the first active rectifier/inverter electrically connected to the generator stator and containing power semiconductor valves; a second active rectifier/inverter containing power semiconductor valves; a FET link connected between the first active rectifier/inverter and the second active rectifier/inverter; a filter connected between the second active rectifier/inverter and the power supply network, wherein the filter contains network terminals, the first controller for the first active rectifier/inverter, and the second controller for the second active rectifier/inverter, wherein the first controller uses a voltage regulation command signal on the DC link , determined by the required voltage on the DC link, to control the power semiconductor valves of the first active rectifier/inverter to achieve the required voltage level on the DC link.

The main disadvantage of this power converter is a significant number of generating devices, power converters operating in parallel with the power supply network or separate power converters containing step-up transformers, which also work in parallel with the power supply network or with the input of an additional step-up transformer, the output of which is connected to the power supply network, which reduces the reliability of operation.

A wind power plant with an asynchronous dual-feed machine and a method for operating such a wind power plant are known (application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2010143316/07, IPC H02 P9/00, publ. and a mains-side converter and a generator-side converter controlled by the control means, the method including the following steps:

- in normal operation, the converters are controlled by means of a control using controlled variables for normal operation,

- in the event of a mains failure, the converters are controlled by at least one control unit, which, via controlled variables, controls the torque and/or active power and reactive current and/or reactive power in such a way that the asynchronous machine is disconnected from the network , only if the voltage in the network falls below the specified voltage-time characteristic, the shape of which is determined by a set of pre-selected parameters contained in at least one control module, while creating at least one first function of the controlled variable, which in the case failure provides a controlled variable for torque and/or active power and which includes at least two basic functions, the first of which determines the setpoint for torque and/or active power after a fault occurs, and the second - the setpoint for torque and / or active power at the end of the failure, and they also create e at least one second function of the controlled variable for reactive current and/or reactive power, which, in the event of a failure, provides a controlled variable for controlling at least one of the converters and which includes at least two basic functions, of which the third basic function determines the set point for reactive power and/or reactive current after the occurrence of a fault, and the fourth basic function determines the set point for reactive power and/or reactive current after the fault has ended.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include a significant number of generating asynchronous dual-fed wind turbines operating in parallel with the power supply network, which reduces the reliability of generation, and the creation of a dispersed complex device for controlling torque and/or active power and its reactive current and/or reactive power without mutual influence, leads to protection that is quite difficult to implement in terms of reliability and selectivity without the likelihood of false alarms, which also reduces the reliability of the wind farm.

Known wind power station (US Pat. No. 2221165 C2, IPC F03D9/00, H02J3/38, publ. 10.01.2004, Bull. No. 1), including at least one wind power plant, which contains a wind turbine, an electric driven by this wind turbine, a rectifier, and a direct voltage electrical connecting line between the rectifier installed in the wind power plant and the inverter, which is connected on the AC side to the main or distribution network and installed in the station on the network side. The wind power station contains a DC converter, which is connected to the rectifier on the low voltage side, and to the inverter on the high voltage side, and is installed in the station on the side of the wind power plant.

The wind power plant contains one common high-power grid inverter centralizing generation, as well as a high-voltage direct current power transmission line (up to 400 kV).

The disadvantage of the known wind power station is the connection of the outputs of the wind turbine rectifiers with the DC/DC converter from the low voltage side, which forms a common low voltage DC collector network of considerable length, to sum the powers of the generators of the wind turbines, which leads to internal energy losses of the station. and reduces its efficiency and overall reliability.

The disadvantages are also the presence of additional stages of converting electrical energy in the DC/DC DC/DC converter, which includes converting low-voltage direct current into alternating current using an inverter, increasing it using a transformer, and then rectifying it using a rectifier. In this case, the rated power of the DC/DC converter must be equal to the rated power of the grid inverter or the total power of all wind turbines that form the wind power plant.

Known wind power plant with many wind turbines (US Pat. RF No. 2459112, IPC F03D9/00, publ. 20.08.2012, Bull. No. 23), containing placed on the tower gondola with a rotor, a generator, an AC rectifier on the side of the generator, a rectifier and a transformer, wherein said both DC-side AC rectifiers are electrically connected to each other, and the grid-side AC rectifier is connected on the AC side via a transformer to the power input point of the power-receiving network. Each phase module of the AC rectifier on the network side contains the upper and lower branches of the valves, containing at least two bipolar subsystems electrically connected in series. The alternator on the generator side and the AC on the mains side are connected to each other on the DC voltage side via a DC cable. In this way, a wind farm is formed, consisting of many wind turbines, having DC flexibility, and the nacelles in each wind turbine have a lower dead weight.

The disadvantage is the low reliability associated with the increased mass of wind turbines, since part of the equipment that converts the electrical energy of generators,
is located in gondolas, and the flexible structure for direct current (electric cable) has a significant length, because Wind turbines can be separated from each other by several kilometers, which reduces the overall reliability and efficiency.

The closest to the claimed invention is a wind farm (RF Pat. No. 2627230 C1, IPC F03D9 / 00, publ. 08/04/2017, Bull. No. 22), taken as a prototype, containing at least two wind turbines for generating electricity and a common a supply device for supplying the generated electricity or part of it to the power supply network, while the wind turbines and the supply device are connected via a DC voltage electrical network. In order to supply the electric power generated by the respective wind turbines in the form of direct electric current to a common supply device, the direct current network has a voltage in the range of 5-10 kV, and each wind turbine contains a generator for generating alternating electric current, a rectifier for rectifying the generated and a boost converter for stepping up the first DC voltage to a second DC voltage that is higher than the first DC voltage, wherein the DC voltage network includes a bus and a plurality line connections, while the second DC voltage is supplied to the wind farm DC voltage network.

The disadvantages of the prototype are low reliability and efficiency, due to the fact that step-up converters of wind turbines to increase the first DC to the second DC must contain series-connected multi-phase DC/AC inverter, step-up transformer, AC/DC rectifier, smoothing filter. This circumstance increases the number of conversions of electrical energy and, accordingly, increases the losses during conversion, and the significant length of the DC voltage network, which includes a bus and many line connections, a failure in which can lead to a cessation of wind farm generation.

These disadvantages of the prototype determine the problems solved by the claimed invention, the main objective of the invention is the creation of a wind power plant with high reliability, improved weight and size parameters of wind turbines and high conversion efficiency.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the reliability of the wind farm.

At the same time, an increase in the conversion efficiency is achieved, the preservation of the static stability of generation during transients and deep voltage drawdowns of the network, and a reduction in the mass of equipment located in the nacelle and tower of wind turbines.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a wind farm containing at least two wind turbines for generating electricity, each of which contains a generator for generating alternating electric current and a common device for supplying the generated electricity or part of it to the power supply network, what is new is that at least two sections of DC buses, two input modules, two output modules and a control module are additionally introduced into the common feeder, while the output of the alternating electric current generator of each wind turbine is connected through one of the inputs of the common feeder to the input of the corresponding input module, made in the form of a matching transformer, an AC rectifier, a DC sensor, a DC protection device connected in series, the output of each input module is connected to the DC bus section, and the input of the output m is connected to the DC bus section. a module made in the form of a series-connected DC switch, an autonomous network inverter, a step-up transformer, the first block of phase current and voltage sensors, an alternating current switch, a second block of phase current and voltage sensors, and the output of the output module through the output of a common feeder and a power line connected to the power supply.

It is rational in a wind farm in the input module to connect the output of the AC rectifier to the input of the DC sensor through a smoothing filter.

It is expedient to connect the step-up transformer and the first block of phase current and voltage sensors in the wind farm through the EMC filter in the output module.

In one embodiment, a wind farm can use AC rectifiers made with a series connection of bridges.

It is rational in a wind farm to combine the series connection circuits of AC rectifier bridges into a common electrically neutral DC circuit (M + ).

It is advisable in a wind farm to supply sections of DC busbars with an additional electrically neutral DC busbar (M + ).

It is recommended that at least one bank of capacitors be connected to the DC bus section in a wind farm.

In a wind farm, in one embodiment, the control module is connected to the output of a DC sensor and to the input and output of a stand-alone grid inverter.

It is advisable in a wind farm to connect the outputs of the first and second block of phase current and voltage sensors to the inputs of an autonomous network inverter.

In a wind farm, it is recommended to connect at least one megawatt-class electrical energy storage unit, consisting of two storage units connected in series, to the DC busbar section.

The increase in the reliability of the wind farm is ensured by the use of a flexible structure in which wind turbines are combined into groups, the generated energy of which is converted by the input module, summed up on the DC bus sections and fed by the output module to the network with redundancy and automatic switching in emergency modes.

The increase in conversion efficiency is ensured by the implementation of autonomous network inverters of the most efficient power take-off (MPPT) from groups of wind turbines, the creation of a common electrical neutral DC (M + ), allows the use of RB-IGBT modules with a three-level topology in autonomous network inverters, which reduce losses when switching, they expand the spectral composition of the output voltage, improve filtering and the quality of the generated electricity.

Preservation of the static stability of generation during transients and deep drawdowns of the mains voltage is ensured by the total capacitive energy of high-capacity capacitor banks, capacitors of smoothing LC filters of wind power plants and capacitive storage batteries of megawatt-class electrical energy, which form the total buffer power.

Reducing the mass of wind turbines is carried out by transferring the main electrical equipment of wind turbines to a common supply device (complex electrical installation) located in the ground geometrically central part of the wind farm.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by creating a new structure of the wind farm, based on the principles of construction of switchgears of electrical installations. The formation of the basic principles for the construction of switchgears is best suited for solving such a problem.

The layout and principles of construction of electrical installations and complex switchgears are most suitable for creating a new structure of a wind farm and eliminates a number of shortcomings in existing wind farms (WPPs) and wind farms (WP)

The obvious advantages of such a scheme are the complete exclusion of technical solutions containing a significant number of generating inverters or generators with medium voltage transformers operating in parallel, due to the centralization of all generation in autonomous network inverters of increased power, which convert DC electrical energy into three-phase alternating current, which is increased by means of step-up transformers, to the value of the mains voltage, is filtered by electromagnetic compatibility filters and is fed into the network through alternating current switches and a power line. The large capacity of stand-alone grid inverters centralizes the conversion, ensures the static stability of generation, is a microprocessor-based high-speed protection of step-up isolation transformers, and improves the overall reliability of the wind farm.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1 - a generalized electrical circuit of a wind farm is presented with the best option for connecting to a regional power supply network,

in fig. 2 - a diagram of control links between the components of a wind farm is shown, where the direction of control actions and the direction of information flows are shown by arrows,

in fig. 3 - an electrical diagram of the connection of an AC rectifier with a series connection of bridges and a smoothing filter is displayed,

in fig. 4 - shows an electrical circuit with protection devices and a block of capacitors,

in fig. 5 - an electrical diagram of the connection of a megawatt class battery storage device with the buses of the DC section is shown,

in fig. 6 is a PWM switching diagram based on RB-IGBT modules with reverse blocking capacity (fixed neutral point technology and three-level topology), eight signals with a signal level of 1/2 in one period. The resulting output power has three levels (0, 1/2 and 1 full power) and a profile that is closer to sinusoidal than in a two-level topology,

in fig. 7 is a PWM switching diagram based on RB-IGBT modules with reverse blocking capacity (fixed neutral point technology and three-level topology), sixteen signals with signal level 1/2 in one period. The resulting output power has three levels (0, 1/2 and 1 full power) and a profile that is closer to sinusoidal than in a two-level topology.

The wind farm contains four wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 for generating electricity, each of which contains a generator 5, 6, G, for generating alternating electric current and a common device for supplying 7 of the generated electricity or part of it to the power supply network. In the common feeder 7 additionally introduced at least; two sections of DC buses 10, 11, two input modules 12, 13, three output modules 14, 15, 16 and a control module 17 (figure 2). The output of the alternating electric current generator 5 of the wind turbine 1 is connected through one of the inputs 8 of the common supply device 7 with the input of the corresponding input module 12, made in the form of a matching transformer 18, an AC rectifier 19, a DC sensor 21 and a DC protection device 22 connected in series The output of the input module 12 is connected to the first section of the DC buses 10, to which the input of the output module 14 is connected, made in the form of a series-connected DC switch 23, an autonomous network inverter 24, a step-up transformer 25, the first block of phase current and voltage sensors 27, AC switch 28 and the second block of phase current and voltage sensors 29. The output of the output module 14 through the output 30 of the common feeder 7 and the power line 31 is connected to the power supply network 33.

The electrical connection circuits 34 and 35 of generators 5 and 6 of two wind turbines 1 and 4 with inputs 8 and 9 of a common supply device 7 and all other wind turbines of a wind farm can be made, for example, in the form of power electric cables with a rated voltage in the range of 3 kV up to 75 kV, (75 kV is the maximum rated voltage of synchronous generators, for example, TVM - 500), while the common feeder is located in the geometrically central part of the wind farm. For example, wind turbines located closer to the common feeder 7 can have a nominal generator output voltage of 3 kV, and wind turbines located at a considerable distance, a nominal output voltage of 75 kV, in the priority case, all generators 5, 6, etc. ., all wind turbines of the power plant have a rated voltage of 75 kV, while due to the high voltage, the internal losses of the wind power plant are reduced.

Input modules 12, 13 of wind turbines 1 and 4 are shown in more detail to simplify the diagram, these details are repeated for all other wind turbines 2, 3, etc. wind farm and have a similar sequence of electrical connection of elements.

In the preferred embodiment, in the input modules 12 and 13, the outputs of the AC rectifiers 19 and 37 are connected to the inputs of the DC sensors 21 and 39 through smoothing filters 20 and 38.

The common feeder 7 is essentially an electrical installation located in the geometric center of the wind farm for the return of the generated electrical energy to the power supply network. The common feeder has in the priority version three output modules 14, 15, 16, the outputs of which are connected to the outputs 30, 57, 48, of the common feeder 7.

It is advisable in the wind farm in the output modules 14, 15, 16, step-up transformers 25, 52, 43 and, accordingly, the first blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 27, 54, 45, to be connected through electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44.

The output of the alternating current generator 6 of the wind turbine 4 is connected by means of a power cable 35 to the input 9 of the common supply device 7 and the input of the corresponding input module 13, made in the form of a matching transformer 36, an AC rectifier 37, a smoothing filter 38, a sensor connected in series DC 39, DC protection device 40. The output of the input module 13 is connected to the second section of the DC buses 11, to which the input of the output module 16 is connected, made in the form of a series-connected DC switch 41, an autonomous network inverter 42, a step-up transformer 43, electromagnetic compatibility filter 44, the first block of phase current and voltage sensors 45, the AC switch 46, the second block of phase current and voltage sensors 47, and the output of the output module 16 through the output 48 of the common feeder 7 and the power line 49 is connected to the power supply network 33.

The two output modules 14 and 16 are described above, and the third output module 15 consists of a DC switch 61 connected to the buses of the first DC section 10, a DC switch 62 connected to the interconnecting circuit of the megawatt class 66, 67 and a DC switch 63 connected to the buses of the second DC section 11. The outputs of the DC switches 61, 62, 63 are connected to the input of an autonomous network inverter 51, then to a step-up transformer 52 connected in series, an electromagnetic compatibility filter 53, the first block of phase current sensors and voltage 54, an alternating current switch 55, a second block of phase current and voltage sensors 56, and through the output 57 of the common feeder 7 and the power line 58, the third output module 15 is connected to the power supply network 33.

Power lines 31, 58, 49 can be made in the form of overhead lines with a rated voltage of 110 kV or 220 kV. The AC switches 32, 59, 50 connecting the power lines 31, 58, 49 to the power supply network 33 are located on the network side and are controlled (FIGS. 1, 2) by the network operator 68.

This version of the electrical connection scheme of the wind farm with the regional power supply network is the most rational and reliable, as it provides full redundancy (Fig. 1) and simplifies the repair and commissioning of the wind farm equipment.

All wind turbines are divided into groups 69, 70, with each group of wind turbines electrically connected to one section of DC busbars 10 and 11.

In the preferred embodiment (FIG. 1), the group 69 of wind turbines 1 and 2 is electrically connected to the first section of DC buses 10, and the group 70 of wind turbines 3 and 4 is electrically connected to the second section of DC buses 11.

The advantage of the electrical circuit with DC buses is the division of these buses into two DC sections, the first 10 and the second 11. The separation and connection of the tires of the first 10 and second 11 DC sections is carried out using DC switches 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, which are necessary to provide various operating modes of the wind farm and connect megawatt-class 66, 67 battery storage devices to the DC bus sections. It also creates the possibility of summing their capacities, which increases functionality in various operating modes of the wind farm, provides a flexible control system and allows for maintenance and repair of electrical equipment, megawatt-class storage batteries and power lines without shutting down the generation of a wind farm, which significantly increases its reliability and simplifies operation.

The DC switch 65 is necessary for summing or separating the capacitive charge of the storage units of electric energy of the megawatt class 66 and 67, depending on the mode of operation of the wind farm, and enables the storage units to be charged from the tires of the first 10 or second 11 sections of direct current.

DC switches 61, 63 are required to connect the stand-alone grid inverter 51 to the buses of the first 10 or second 11 DC section, and the DC switch 62 is used to connect the stand-alone grid inverter 51 to the merging circuit of megawatt class 66 and 67 battery storage units. Autonomous network inverter 51 is essentially a backup and provides backup generation in case of failure and shutdown of autonomous network inverters 24 or 42, as well as during transient operation of the power plant.

Switching DC switches 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 allows you to combine the busbars of the DC section 10, 11 to sum the powers of all running generators 5, 6, G, etc. all wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 of the power plant, which makes it possible to redistribute this total power between autonomous grid inverters 24, 51, 42, forming a redundant generation. If necessary, you can divide the power of generators 5, 6, wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4, into two equal groups 69 and 70, during periods of unstable network operation, while creating two independent galvanically isolated generation circuits - output module 14 with autonomous grid inverter 24 and output module 16 with stand-alone grid inverter 42, and output module 15 with stand-alone grid inverter 51 can be connected to the buses of the first 10 or second 11 DC section or to the merging circuit of megawatt class 66 and 67 storage batteries, which also improves the overall reliability of the wind farm.

DC switches 23, 41, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 can be made in the form of oil or vacuum circuit breakers as a priority.

Matching transformers 18, 36 of input modules 12, 13 shift the linear voltages of the secondary windings of the transformer by 30 ⁰ electrical degrees, change the voltage of alternating current generators 5, 6 of wind turbines 1, 4, with different voltages up to the nominal value, being the matching elements of the power plant, and allow the use of wind turbines from different manufacturers at one wind farm with their own systems for electromechanical control of the rotation speed and moments of force on the generator shafts. In this case, the rotors of the generators 5, 6 can rotate randomly at different speeds. In addition, matching transformers 18, 36 carry out galvanic isolation between generators 5, 6, wind turbines 1, 4 and autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42, providing static generation stability in case of malfunctions and errors in regulating the speed of rotation of the rotors of generators 5, 6, exclude the negative impact of emergency modes during short circuits in the electrical circuit of wind turbines (generator, power cable), which increases the reliability of the wind farm. Failure or reduction in the speed of rotation of the rotors of the generators 5, 6 of any wind turbine 1, 2, 3, 4 of the power plant or a malfunction in one of the input modules 12, 13 of these wind turbines of the proposed wind farm leads only to a decrease in the output power of the generation of the power plant by the power of the generator this wind turbine. This improves the overall reliability of the wind farm.

AC rectifiers with series connection of bridges 19, 37 (Fig. 1, 3), which are part of the input modules 12, 13, convert the alternating current outputs 75, 76 of the secondary windings of the matching transformers 18, 36 (one winding 75 is connected into a "triangle" , the second winding 76 is connected in a "star"), into a rectified constant twelve-pulse voltage, which is then smoothed using smoothing filters (for example, LC filters) 20, 38, while reducing ripple and improving the harmonic composition (Fig. 3) of the output voltage and output current 77.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of control links between the components of a wind farm, where the direction of control actions and the direction of information flows are shown by arrows.

From the control module 17 of the wind farm, remote control of the DC switches 23, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 41 for operational switching is carried out, as well as monitoring of the operating parameters and control of the control mechanisms of wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 , their generators 5, 6, and the magnitude of the rectified and smoothed direct current of each generator of the wind turbine of the power plant supplied to the sections of the DC busbars 10, 11, as well as the battery storage of electrical energy of the megawatt class 66, 67 and autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 Information about the values of the main current parameters of the wind farm operation is transmitted by the control module 17 through the control bus 78 to the network operator 68. The network operator 68 controls the AC switches 32, 59, 50 located at the point of connection of the wind farm to the regional power supply network 33.

DC sensors 21, 39 are connected to the outputs (Fig. 1, 2, 3) of the smoothing filters 20, 38 at the positive pole, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the control module 17. The control module 17 controls the main elements of the common feeder (electrical installation) 7 and all wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4, receives and transmits current information flows through the control bus 78. The control module 17 sums the DC values of the current sensors 21 of the group 69 of the wind turbines 1, 2, feeding the first section of the DC buses 10 and through the control bus 78 sends the value of the sum of the currents to the input of an autonomous network inverter 24 to implement the most efficient power take-off (MPRT). Similarly, the control module 17 sums the DC values of the current sensors 39 of the group 70 of the wind turbines 3, 4, feeding the second section of the DC buses 11 and through the control bus 78 transmits the value of the sum of the currents to the input of the autonomous grid inverter 42 to implement the most efficient power take-off (MPRT) , thereby improving the overall conversion efficiency.

A rational technical solution (Fig. 1, 3) is the electrical connection of the series connection circuits of the bridges, each AC rectifier 19, 37 and combining them into a common electrically neutral DC circuit (M + ). The combination of all neutral circuits of AC rectifiers 19, 37 is carried out through DC protection devices 22, 40 on a neutral bus (Fig. 3, 4, 5) DC (M + ), which is part of the tires of the first 10 and second 11 DC sections .

This technical solution allows autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 to use new RB-IGBT modules with reverse blocking capacity.

Daniel Hofmann's article "The Main Difference Between Standard IGBTs and RB-IGBTs is Reverse Blocking Capability", published in Power Electronics, No. 4'2013, states the main goal of power electronics is to provide high power conversion efficiency and reduce power losses. The development of three-level inverters, the creation of fixed neutral point technology is one of the most important steps in improving the conversion efficiency. One of the most efficient power converter configurations for DC devices can be identified as a multi-level topology, and the most common solution to improve its efficiency is a three-level converter with a Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) topology. The three-level topology reduces switching losses, reduces the filter size by expanding the spectral composition of the output voltage and increasing the switching frequency. Due to the fact that only half of the DC voltage is transmitted from the output to the neutral point (M+), RB-IGBT chips with a lower voltage class are required. The use of RBIGBT chips in the bidirectional switching mode leads to lower switching losses and improves conversion efficiency.

In FIG. 6 shows a PWM switching diagram based on RB-IGBT modules with reverse blocking capacity (fixed neutral point technology and three-level topology) in one period of eight signals with a signal level of 1/2. The resulting output power has three levels (0, 1/2 and 1 full power) and a profile that is closer to sinusoidal than in a two-level topology.

In FIG. 7 is a PWM switching diagram based on RB-IGBT modules with reverse blocking capacity (fixed neutral point technology and three-level topology) in one period of sixteen signals with a signal level of 1/2. The resulting output power has three levels (0, 1/2 and 1 full power) and a profile that is closer to sinusoidal than in a two-level topology.

This solution reduces switching losses, reduces the size of the EMC filters 26, 53, 44, reduces conduction losses, improves the quality of the sine wave and increases the conversion efficiency.

DC protection devices 22, 40 are used to protect the DC buses of the first 10 and second 11 sections in case of failure and short circuits in AC rectifiers 19, 37 (with series connection of bridges) and smoothing filters 20, 38 and increase the reliability of generation. Protection devices 22, 40 can be made (Fig. 1, 4) in the form of three-pole circuit breakers, oil circuit breakers or vacuum circuit breakers.

The outputs of the first blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 27, 54, 45, as well as the outputs of the second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 29, 56, 47, respectively, are connected to the inputs of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 (Fig. 1, 2). from the side of the power supply network 33. The first and second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 27, 54, 45 and 29, 56, 47 are necessary for synchronization by autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 phase alternating voltage in frequency and voltage of the outputs of step-up transformers 25, 52 , 43 after the electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44 with the alternating voltage of the regional power supply network 33 through the corresponding power lines 31, 58, 49 and provide measurement of the instantaneous values of the currents of each phase and phase voltages of the secondary windings of step-up transformers 25, 52, 43, during generation electrical energy into the network. This is necessary for the formation of the following functions of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 - generation power control, monitoring and protection of step-up transformers 25, 52, 43. Autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42, (Fig. 1, 2) control the corresponding AC switches current 28, 55, 46 for automatic inclusion in parallel operation when the synchronization of the outputs of the electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44 with the regional power supply network 33 is reached, thereby including step-up transformers 25, 52, 43 and a network transformer in parallel operation (not shown in the figure). shown) of the regional power supply network 33.

Autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 are rationally performed with individual control of each phase, which allows you to transfer the converted energy to the most loaded phase of the network, align the electrical neutral of the network transformer (not shown in the figures) and reduce asymmetry, thereby increasing the reliability of the wind farm and the quality AC regional power supply network 33.

In addition, (Fig. 1, 4) in parallel to the DC buses of the first 10 and second 11 sections, through the DC protection devices 71, 73, for example, fuses, blocks of capacitors 72 and 74 of large capacity are connected (mainly supercapacitors). In the unit, each capacitor 79 can be connected through its own power fuses 80, 81, which ensures protection selectivity and generation reliability and minimizes the negative effects of a short circuit in a faulty capacitor. Blocks of capacitors 72, 74 reduce the content of harmonics and reduce the ripple of the rectified voltage of rotors of generators 5, 6 rotating at different speeds of wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4. The total capacitance of blocks of capacitors 72, 74 and capacitors of smoothing filters 20, 38, connected in parallel to the first and second sections of the DC busbars 10, 11, forms buffer capacitive power during transients and short-term (on the order of several seconds) mains voltage sags, ensuring static stability of the generation of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42, which are part of output modules 14, 15, 16. This solution improves the reliability of the power plant.

It is rational to connect battery storage devices of megawatt class 66, 67 to the first 10 and second 11 sections of DC buses. This increases the reliability of the wind farm, allows you to accumulate part of the converted electrical energy and give it to the network, adding to the current generated power from wind turbines in peak periods of network load. This forms a significant buffer capacitive power during transients and deep drawdowns of the mains voltage and provides additional static stability of the generation of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 output modules 14, 15, 16. This significantly increases the reliability of the wind farm.

Accumulators of electrical energy of megawatt class 66, 67 significantly reduce the likelihood of negative consequences of unbalancing the regional power supply network 33 with a decrease in the wind flow speed and a sharp cessation of generation of a wind farm from wind turbines, leading to a loss of significant generating capacity. At the same time, the energy of the capacitive charge of the battery storage units of electric energy of the megawatt class 66, 67, converted by autonomous grid inverters, maintains stable generation of the wind farm without reducing its power for a certain period of time and enables the network operator 68 (Fig.2) of the regional power supply network to make the necessary switching and prepare other sources of electrical energy to replace the dropping power, thereby eliminating emergency shutdowns of consumers, leading to a general imbalance of the system of the regional power supply network 33.

It is advisable to use (Fig. 5) a megawatt class 66 storage battery of electrical energy, consisting of two drives 82 and 83 connected in series and equivalent in terms of technical characteristics. . This technical solution (Fig. 1) allows the autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 to be powered from the capacitive charge of the megawatt-class electric energy storage devices 66, 67 for the formation of the PWM output signal by the autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 (Fig. 6, 7 ) with a three-level topology. The resulting output power has three levels (0, 1/2 and 1 full power) and a profile that is closer to sinusoidal than in a two-level topology.

The proposed structure of the wind farm reduces the mass of wind turbines and reduces operating costs by moving all electrical equipment from the nacelles and towers of wind turbines to the ground building of the common supply device (electrical installation), with the exception of generators, and also eliminates the local distribution network (collector network), which increases station reliability.

The wind farm works as follows.

The parameters of wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 and battery storage units of megawatt class 66, 67 are entered into the memory of the control module 17 of the wind farm. The operating parameters of step-up transformers 25, 52, 43, which, taking into account the protection of the regional power supply network, ensures selectivity and stable operation of the devices of the regional power supply network 33.

In the initial state of the wind farm (Fig. 1, 2), the DC protection devices 22, 40 of all wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 of the power plant and the DC protection devices 71, 73 of the capacitor units 72, 74 are turned on.

Wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 (figure 1) convert the kinetic energy of the initial wind flow into a three-phase alternating current. The AC outputs of the generators 5, 6 of the wind turbines have a nominal voltage of 75 kV, which allows, due to the high voltage, to reduce losses in the power electrical cables 34, 35 and reduce the internal electrical losses of the station, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency.

The converted three-phase alternating current of the generators 5, 6 of each wind turbine 1, 2, 3, 4 through the electric power cables 34, 35, through the inputs 8, 9 of the common supply device 7 is fed to the inputs of the matching transformers 18, 36 input modules 12, 13, which carry out a shift of the linear voltages of the secondary windings of the transformer by 30 ⁰ electrical degrees, reduce the output three-phase alternating current of generators with different voltages to the nominal value and are the main matching elements. Coordination is carried out at the design stage by selecting matching transformers with calculated transformation ratios, while galvanic isolation of wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 with AC rectifiers 19, 37 and DC bus sections 10, 11 is carried out, which also contributes to an increase in operational reliability wind power plant.

The converted reduced alternating current (Fig. 1, 3) is fed to the inputs of the AC rectifiers 19, 37, made, for example, multi-pulse with bridges connected in series, containing two 6-pulse bridge rectifiers connected to the secondary windings of matching transformers 18, 36. In this case, one three-phase winding is connected according to the “triangle” scheme (output 75), and the other three-phase winding is connected according to the “star” scheme (output 76). The secondary windings of the transformer form two three-phase circuits with a phase shift of 30 ⁰ electrical degrees, AC rectifiers with a series connection of bridges 19, 37 convert alternating current into direct pulsating current, with improved harmonic composition of the output voltage and current. The series connection of the bridges generates an average value of the rectified no-load voltage equal to:

U _d \u003d 4.68 E ₂ , where U _d is the average value of the rectified voltage, E ₂ is the effective value of the phase voltage on the secondary windings of the transformer.

For example, for manufactured twelve-pulse rectifiers with series connection of bridges - TPED-3150-3.3k-U1 (Traction Semiconductor with Natural Cooling on Diodes, rated load current I _dn = 3150 A, rated voltage 3.3 kV, climatic version for moderate climates 1 category), the efficiency of this rectifier in the nominal mode is at least 0.996.

Rectified (figure 1, 3) pulsating twelve-pulse direct current is fed to the input of smoothing filters 20, 38, made, for example, in the form of LC filters, which smooth out the rectified voltage ripple, reduce harmonics and provide protection against surges during short-term power loss. The outputs of 77 smoothing LC filters 20, 38 on the positive pole are equipped with DC sensors 21, 39, the readings of which (Fig. 2), through the control module 17 and the control bus 78, are transmitted to the inputs of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 for monitoring the output power of each wind turbine and the incoming total power to each section of DC busbars 10 and 11.

The electrical circuits of the series connection of the bridges of the AC rectifiers 19, 37 (Fig. 1, 3), in relation to the positive and negative poles of the outputs of these AC rectifiers 19, 37 are DC electrical neutrals ( + ). The smoothed direct current and electric neutral circuits of direct current ( + ) are switched through the included power contacts of the direct current protection devices 22, 40 to the buses of the first 10 and second 11 sections of direct current. Each section of busbars (Fig. 4, 5) DC 10 and 11 contains three busbars: plus pole bus (L+), minus pole bus (L-) and neutral DC bus (M + ). The electrical circuits of the series connection of the AC rectifier bridges 19, 37, as well as all wind turbines, through the included protection devices (Fig. 1, 4) DC 22, 40 form their electrical combination on the neutral DC bus (M + ).

The direct current of the first 10 and second 11 sections of the DC buses is switched (Fig. 1) through the included DC protection devices 71, 73 into the capacitive charge of the capacitor units 72, 74. This technical solution leads to additional advantages of the proposed wind farm, because . there is a summation of the energy of the capacitances of all capacitors of the smoothing LC filters 20, 38 of all wind turbines of the power plant and the capacitances of the capacitor units 72, 74, which reduces the content of harmonics, reduces the DC ripple, allows chaotic (asynchronous) rotation of the rotors of generators 5, 6, G of wind turbines and generates buffer power during short voltage drops of the regional network, while maintaining the static stability of generation. The regulation of the output direct current (Fig. 2) by each wind turbine 1, 2, 3, 4 is carried out by the operator of the wind farm using the control module 17 of the wind farm due to the electromechanical control of the moments of pressure of the wind flows on the wind turbines, which leads to a change in the speed of rotation of the rotors generators 5, 6 and, accordingly, a change in the value of the DC output voltage of the smoothing LC filters 20, 38 in relation to the voltage value on the DC bus sections 10 and 11.

This simplifies the requirements for systems for electromechanical control of the rotation speed and torques on the wind turbine generator shafts, eliminates the need to maintain synchronous operation of the generators or inverters of all wind turbines, and allows the elimination of intermediate gearboxes (multipliers), which further increases the reliability of the power plant.

With an increase in the speed of the wind flow (Fig. 1), the voltage of the rectified DC on the buses of the DC sections 10 and 11 increases, the capacitor banks 72 and 74 are charged above the nominal (for example, above 690 V) values. The control module 17 includes DC switches 60, 64, and by acting on the controls of the wind turbines, smoothly increases the voltage on the buses of the first 10 and second 11 DC sections to a voltage value (800 V) so that the value of the charging current of the electric energy storage megawatt class 66 and 67 did not exceed the calculated values. Due to the electromechanical regulation of the moments of pressure of wind flows on wind turbines, leading to a change in the speed of rotation of the rotors of generators 5, 6 and, as a result, to a change in the value of the output DC voltage on the buses of the first section of DC 10 from a group of 69 wind turbines 1, 2 and on buses of the second DC section 11 from a group 70 of wind turbines 3, 4. Each storage battery of electric energy of the megawatt class 66, 67 through its input / output carries out an adjustable charging cycle until it is fully charged from its DC bus section 10 and 11. This mode of operation of the proposed wind power plant allows you to charge storage batteries of electrical energy of megawatt class 66, 67, without using a charging controller, simplifying the design and significantly reducing the cost of the electrical energy storage systems themselves.

It is possible to charge accumulators of electrical energy of megawatt class 66, 67 from one of the sections of DC buses; for this, a DC switch 65 is switched on, summing up the capacities of the drives. And the voltage on the busbars of the section with which the charging cycle is not carried out is reduced to the nominal voltage (690 V).

After the completion of the charging cycle (figure 2), according to the control actions from the control module 17 of the wind farm to the wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4, the rotation speed of the rotors of the generators 5, 6 decreases, the value of the DC voltage and the DC bus sections decreases to the nominal values (690 V). The rated voltage of the DC bus sections 10, 11 corresponds to the voltage of fully charged megawatt class 66, 67 storage batteries. It is rational when designing to choose the nominal voltage on the DC bus sections in the range from 690 to 1500 V.

The network operator 68 includes (Fig. 1, 2) AC switches of the regional network 32, 59, 50, connects the power lines 31, 58, 49 to the regional power supply network 33, while the mains three-phase voltage through the power lines 31, 58, 49 and the second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 29, 56, 47 are fed to the outputs of AC switches 28, 55, 46.

Further, the control module 17 includes DC power switches 23, 61, 63, 41, combines the buses of the first 10 and second 11 DC sections, supplying DC autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42, converting DC into three-phase AC, the voltage of which increase by means of step-up transformers 25, 52, 43. Step-up isolating transformers 25, 52, 43 can be made with three windings, for example, 0.69/35/220 kV. The increased voltage is filtered using electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44, which, respectively, through the first blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 27, 54, 45, is fed to the inputs of the corresponding AC switches 28, 55, 46.

Autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 (Fig. 1, 2), in accordance with the information about the instantaneous values of phase voltages obtained respectively from the first 27, 54, 44 and the second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 29, 56, 47 from the side networks, compare the received information, form control actions for pulse-width modulation, synchronize the outputs of the electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44 with the phase voltage of the regional power supply network 33.

When synchronization is achieved, the control units of autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 automatically close the corresponding AC switches 28, 55, 46, include step-up transformers 25, 52, 43 through the corresponding power lines 31, 58, 49, AC switches 32 , 59, 50 of the regional network are connected to a transformer (not shown in the figure) of the regional power supply network 33.

Then autonomous network inverters 24, 51, 42 increase the phase voltage of their outputs, thereby increasing the phase output voltage of the step-up transformers 25, 52, 43 and, accordingly, the outputs of the electromagnetic compatibility filters 26, 53, 44 to a level exceeding the mains voltage, while a current is formed directed towards the network, and the converted filtered electrical energy of the generators 5, 6, G of wind turbines, through the closed contacts of the alternating current switches 28, 55, 46, the second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors 29, 56, 47, outputs 30, 57 , 48 of the common feeder 7, power lines 31, 58, 49, and the corresponding regional network AC switches 32, 59, 50, will be transmitted to the regional power supply network 33.

Autonomous network inverters in the priority version are made with individual control of each phase, which allows transferring the converted energy to the most loaded phase of the network, aligning the electrical neutral of the network transformer, reducing asymmetry, and thereby improving the quality of the alternating current of the regional power supply network.

When generating (Fig. 1) electrical energy in the regional power supply network 33, the amount of direct current from the wind turbines, determined by the DC sensors 21, 39, increases. The control module 17 receives data from the DC sensors 21, 39, (Fig. 2) of all wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4, determines their total total value and charge parameters for megawatt-class electric energy storage devices 66, 67. The control module 17 redistributes the generating power through the control bus 78 between autonomous grid inverters 24, 51, 42 by changing the values DC current for each inverter within the total value of the total DC current supplied to the DC bus sections. This forms a closed power control loop and forms an effective power take-off (MPPT) from each group 69 and 70 of all wind turbines 1, 2, 3, 4 and increases the overall conversion efficiency of the wind farm.

It is optimal that the stand-alone grid inverters 24, 51, 42 be of the same power, which should correspond to the total rated output power of all alternating current generators 5, 6, G of wind turbines connected to the buses of one DC section, respectively, the DC bus sections 10 and 11 must have the same connected power.

Autonomous network inverter 51 is inherently redundant and serves for automatic backup of generation during emergency shutdowns of network inverters 24 or 42 when switching capacitive electrical energy of capacitive electrical energy storage units of megawatt class 66, 67 during periods of peak network load.

In normal operating modes of a wind farm, it is allowed, using an autonomous network inverter 51 of the output module 15, to transfer the converted energy only to the most loaded phase of the network, which helps to equalize the electrical neutral of the network transformer, reduce asymmetry and, as a result, improve the quality of the alternating current of the regional power supply network 33.

During periods of unstable network operation (FIGS. 1, 2), the control module 17 turns on the DC switch 65, combines the charge of the megawatt-class electric energy storage devices 66, 67, closes the DC switch 62 and connects the grid inverter 51 to the circuit of the combined electric battery storage devices. megawatt-class energy 66, 67. The control module 17, through the control bus 78 sends to the input of the autonomous network inverter 24 the value of the sum of the direct current supplied to the first section of the DC buses 10, and to the input of the autonomous network inverter 42 transmits the value of the sum of the direct current supplied to the second section of the DC busbars 11 and distributes the generating power of all wind turbines between two output modules 14 and 16. Next, the control module 17 turns off the DC switches 60, 61, 63, 64, separates the common connection of the buses of the first 10 and second 11 DC sections and turns off battery storage devices Electric energy of megawatt class 66, 67, from the first 10 and second 11 sections of DC busbars. This creates three parallel independent galvanically isolated generation circuits with power supply to the network by dividing the power of the wind turbines of the power plant into two equal parts, two independent generation circuits are formed, one circuit is a group 69 of all wind turbines 1, 2 connected to the first 10 section DC busbars and an autonomous network inverter 24 (output module 14), the second circuit - a group 70 of all wind turbines 3, 4 connected to the second 11 section of the DC busbars and an autonomous network inverter 42 (output module 16), and a third one is also added an independent parallel generation circuit with power supply to the network from the charge of the combined storage units of electric energy of the megawatt class 66, 67, through an autonomous network inverter 51 (output module 15), which ensures high reliability of the wind farm.

It is advisable in the proposed wind farm to use storage batteries of electrical energy of megawatt class 66, 67, this condition may become mandatory for all renewable energy, as it increases the reliability of the operation of electrical networks during generation and in the absence of generation associated with the volatility of the primary energy of renewable energy sources. Thus, the problem of managing the flows of emerging generating capacities or falling generating capacities is solved. The use of megawatt-class battery storage units makes it possible to maintain statically stable generation and form a balanced electrical energy supply system.

The placement of megawatt-class battery storage units in the building of a common supply device (electrical installation) of a wind farm protects the storage units from harmful environmental factors (high or low temperature, humidity, etc.), since batteries are the main elements in the design of storage storage units, work based on chemical reactions.

In addition, the new structure of the proposed wind farm with the integration of megawatt-class battery storage devices simplifies the design of the storage devices themselves, excludes powerful components from their design - charging controllers, generating inverters, filters, step-up transformers, etc. Even if there is a charger in the design the controller significantly reduces the total cost of high-power storage batteries and, accordingly, the cost of converted electrical energy from renewable energy sources.

If it is necessary to increase the output power of a wind farm, it is rational to use the option with three overhead power lines when designing, which provides mutual redundancy, increases the reliability of generation and simplifies the repair and maintenance of equipment.

Technical results are achieved by creating a new wind farm structure that provides:

- reduction in the mass of wind turbines due to the transfer of the main electrical equipment to a common supply device (complex electrical installation) located in the ground geometrically central part of the wind farm,

- increasing the conversion efficiency due to the implementation of the maximum efficient power take-off (MPRT) by network inverters from groups of wind turbines, as well as the creation of a common electric neutral DC (M + ), which allows the use of RB-IGBT modules with a three-level topology in autonomous network inverters, which expand the spectral composition of the output voltage and reduce switching losses,

- maintaining the static stability of generation during transients and deep drawdowns of the mains voltage due to the total capacitive energy of high-capacity capacitor banks, smoothing filter capacitors and megawatt-class storage batteries that form the total buffer power,

- reliability is increased by simplifying wind turbine control systems, galvanic isolation between wind turbine generators and generating autonomous grid inverters, statically stable generation due to significant buffer capacitive power and a flexible wind farm control system, as well as by excluding local distribution from the WPP scheme network (collector network) of direct or alternating current and a large number of generating inverters or generators with medium voltage transformers operating in parallel, due to the use of a new scheme for combining capacities and centralizing all generation in network inverters of increased power.

Additionally, the proposed technical solution contains undeclared accompanying advantages - the synchronization function is excluded and the parallel operation of generators or inverters or medium voltage transformers, depending on the power summation circuit of the station, switching on and off the DC and AC switches of the wind farm and the AC switches of the regional network occurs without load , while increasing the overall resource of the equipment, it becomes possible to use RB-IGBT modules with a three-level topology in network inverters, which leads to a reduction in the size of the electromagnetic compatibility filters installed between step-up transformers and the first blocks of phase current and voltage sensors, conduction losses are reduced, and improves the quality of the sinusoid. At the same time, the number of operating modes of the wind farm increases and the overall functionality increases, a flexible control system is created. The cost of high-capacity storage batteries integrated into the wind power plant is significantly reduced, powerful components are excluded from their design; charging controllers, generating inverters, filters, step-up transformers, etc. Operating costs are reduced by centralizing generation and moving all wind turbine electrical equipment, with the exception of generators, to the ground building of the common feeder. Improving the quality of alternating current of the regional power supply network is achieved due to the fact that network inverters, made with individual control of each phase, can supply the converted energy to the most loaded phase of the network, align the electrical neutral of the network transformer, and reduce its asymmetry.

From the above description of the claimed invention, for each specialist in this field, the possibility of its implementation is obvious, which allows us to consider it as meeting the condition of patentability and the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The claimed invention contributes to the creation of a wind power plant that improves the reliability of generation, improves the weight and size of wind turbines, increases the conversion efficiency, maintains the static stability of generation during transients and deep voltage drops in the network.

List and names of elements.

1, 2, 3, 4 - Wind turbines

5, 6 - Generators

7 - General feeder

8, 9 - Common Feeder Inputs

10 - First section of DC busbars

11 - Second section of DC busbars

12, 13 - Input modules

14, 15, 16 - Output modules

17 - Control module

18, 36 - Matching transformers

19, 37 - AC rectifiers

20, 38 - Smoothing filters

21, 39 - DC sensors

22, 40, 71, 73 - DC protection devices

23, 41, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 - DC switches

24, 42, 51 - Off-grid inverters

25, 43, 52 - step-up transformers

26, 53, 44 - EMC filters

27, 54, 45 - The first blocks of phase current and voltage sensors

28, 55, 46, 32, 59, 50 - AC switches

29, 56, 47 - Second blocks of phase current and voltage sensors

30, 57, 48 - Common feeder outlets

31, 58, 49 - Power lines

33 - Power supply network

34, 35 - Electrical power cables

66, 67 - Megawatt class battery storage units

68 - Network operator

69, 70 - Wind turbine groups

72, 74 - Capacitor blocks

75, 76 - Outputs of the matching transformer

77 - Anti-aliasing filter output

78 - Control bus

79 - Large capacitor (ionistor)

80, 81 - Fuses

82, 83 - Electrical energy storage

84 - DC electrical neutral circuit of a megawatt-class electrical energy storage device

Claims (10)

1. A wind farm containing at least two wind turbines for generating electricity, each of which contains a generator for generating alternating electric current and a common device for supplying the generated electricity or part of it to the power supply network, characterized in that the common supply device is additionally at least two sections of DC buses, two input modules, two output modules and a control module, while the output of the alternating electric current generator of each wind turbine is connected through one of the inputs of a common feeder with the input of one of the input modules, made in the form of a series-connected matching transformer, AC rectifier, DC sensor, DC protection device, the output of each input module is connected to the DC bus section, and the DC bus section is connected to the input of the output module, made in the form of a series-connected switch direct current, autonomous network inverter, step-up transformer, the first block of current and voltage phase sensors, an alternating current switch, the second block of current and voltage phase sensors, and the output of the output module is connected to the power supply network through the output of a common feeder and a power line. 2. Wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that in the input module the output of the AC rectifier is connected to the input of the DC sensor through a smoothing filter. 3. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that in the output module the step-up transformer and the first block of phase current and voltage sensors are connected through an electromagnetic compatibility filter. 4. Wind farm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the AC rectifiers are made with a series connection of bridges. 5. Wind power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the series connection circuits of AC rectifier bridges are combined into a common electrically neutral DC circuit (M + ). 6. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC bus sections are equipped with an additional electrically neutral DC bus (M + ). 7. Wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one capacitor bank is connected to the DC bus section. 8. The wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module of the wind farm is connected to the output of the DC sensor and the input and output of the autonomous grid inverter. 9. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the first and second block of phase current and voltage sensors are connected to the inputs of an autonomous network inverter. 10. The wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one megawatt-class electrical energy storage device, consisting of two series-connected storage devices, is connected to the DC busbar section.

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