RU2784849C1 - Double-layer road and pavement tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely to road pavement with a low static and dynamic weight load. Two-layer paving slabs are made with a lower concrete base, an upper facial polymer layer based on a polyurethane polymer binder, rubber crumb from rubber waste or worn tires with the addition of a dye and a built-in reinforcing grid of springy wire with a diameter of 0.04 of the tile thickness. The grid is embedded in the concrete layer to a depth of 0.5 of the concrete layer thickness and in the upper polymer layer to 0.5 of the polymer layer thickness. The overall dimensions of the tile are 0.6-0.8 of the overall dimensions of the tile. Along the perimeter of the polymer layer, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, a chamfer is made at an angle of 45 degrees.

EFFECT: improving the operational and technical characteristics of tiles by ensuring reliable and durable adhesion of two layers of materials with different physical properties throughout the entire service life of the product.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to pavements for sidewalks, park and bicycle paths, children's and sports grounds and other pavement pavements, with a low static and dynamic weight load, as well as for laying out passenger railway platforms for long-distance and suburban traffic or other similar areas for pedestrians and cyclists.

From the field of technology, a prefabricated coating slab is known (see patent for PM RF No. 17545, publ. 10.04.2001, Bull. No. 10), containing a reinforced concrete base and fixed on it, by means of fasteners, plates of elastic material and with made in them, in the form of mortgages, with pins, the protruding ends of which are concreted into the base, the lower surface of the plates contains recesses, for example, of trapezoidal section, aligned with the base protrusions corresponding to them, and along the perimeter of the base there are sides provided with iron corner elements embedded flush with the plates. In turn, the elastic plates have a rectangular shape, while two of their end faces are made with longitudinal grooves, and the other two - with longitudinal protrusions aligned with the corresponding protrusions or grooves of adjacent plates or base sides. Prefabricated pavements are used in the construction of tram and railway tracks, and are designed for static and dynamic loads that occur when both cars and trucks move along them.

The disadvantage of this coating is the high cost and complexity of their manufacture, as well as high material consumption due to the focus of the product on work at high static and dynamic loads when vehicles move on them, which makes it impractical and economically unjustified, their use for the equipment of pedestrian sidewalk paths, bicycle paths, children's and sports grounds. In addition, this coating can always be separated into its component parts, in the event of a rupture of the fasteners, and, thereby, lead to the destruction of the entire coating as a whole.

Polymer tiles for sidewalks and floors (prototype) are known from the field of technology, made in the form of a plate of polymer material (see patent for the RF PM No. 103811, publ. an elastic mixture based on rubber crumb containing from 7 to 28 wt.% polyurethane or oligoetheracrylate as a binder, from 0.001 to 0.002 wt.% tin dibutyl dilaurate and from 0.002 to 0.0028 wt.% triethylene glycol, while polymeric the material of the tile is used finely dispersed waste rubber production and recycled used car tires with a particle size of 5 microns to 5 mm, the thickness of the tile is from 10 to 50 mm, the tile is made in terms of square, rectangular, triangular or rhomboid shape, the size of the tile in the plan is selected from 100×100 to 1500×2000 mm, on the working protective surface of the tile there are concentric or mutually intersecting recesses in in the form of grooves with a depth of 2 to 10 mm and a width of 2 to 30 mm to form a corrugated working surface with ledges of square, rectangular, triangular or any asymmetrical shape, the polymer material contains decorative and protective dyes of any color range, and decorative - protective coatings, for example, with polyurethane-based polymer paint of any color range, and it is additionally equipped with fasteners for fixing on operational surfaces, including inclined ones, while, for example, screws, self-tapping screws or bolted connections are used as fasteners.

The disadvantage of this polymer tile is its increased plasticity due to the materials used in its manufacture, and, as a result, the need to prepare a solid base for further laying tiles and ensuring the flatness of the coating surface, as well as the lack of high-quality adhesion of the body of the polymer tile to the base, due to differences in the properties of the materials used to manufacture the base and the tile itself, which requires, at certain angles of inclination of the coating surface, additional fixation with the help of fasteners, i.e. additional labor costs, leading to a general increase in the cost of using polymer tiles in construction.

The technical objective of this invention is the creation of two-layer paving slabs with improved strength and performance characteristics, providing reliable and durable adhesion of two layers, different in physical properties of materials, throughout the entire service life of the product, and at the same time having simplicity and low cost. production, providing the possibility of mass production of the product.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of a two-layer paving slab in the form of a finished product, which is a solid block of the lower working concrete layer and the upper front polymer layer obtained by processing waste rubber or worn rubber tires, and having a given color scheme , resistant to external climatic factors, with improved strength, and performance characteristics, providing reliable and durable adhesion of two layers, different in physical properties of materials, throughout the entire service life of the product, and, at the same time, having simplicity and low cost of production, providing the possibility of mass production of the product.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a two-layer paving slab is created with a size of 100 × 100 mm to 400 × 400 mm, a thickness of 25 mm to 55 mm, with a lower concrete layer as a base, and an upper facial polymer layer based on a polymer polyurethane binder, rubber crumb, from waste rubber or worn tires with the addition of a dye with a given color scheme, characterized in that vertically, into the lower concrete layer, to a depth of 0.5 of the thickness of the concrete layer, and into the upper polymer layer, to a depth of 0 .5 thickness of the polymer layer, a reinforcing spatial lattice made of springy wire with a diameter of 0.04 tile thickness is built in, and at the same time the overall dimensions of the reinforcing lattice are 0.6-0.8 overall dimensions of the tile, and the polymer layer itself, around the entire perimeter, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, an installation and operational chamfer is attached at an angle of 45 °.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by a figure in which:

Fig. 1 a, b - a general view of a two-layer paving slab, and the structure of the layers.

Fig. 2 a, b - a reinforcing grid and a concrete layer, with a reinforcing grid installed in it.

Fig. 3 a, b - perspective view of the location of the reinforcing grid inside the tile layers, and a section along the reinforcing grid inside the tile layers.

Two-layer paving slabs 1 (see Fig. 1 a, b) with a thickness of Npl, includes a lower concrete layer 2, with a thickness of Nbt, and an upper polymer layer 3 with a thickness of Npm (see Fig. worn tires, with the addition of a dye with a given colors, thickness Npm (see Fig. 1b), which form a single product with overall dimensions Lpl and Npl mm up to 400 × 400 mm, and thickness Npl from 25 to 55 mm, of which the thickness of the concrete layer Nbt is at least 20 mm, and the maximum is 35 mm, the thickness of the polymer layer Npm is tied to the thickness of the concrete layer, and is 0.25 - 0.65 Nbt, and the polymer layer itself around the entire perimeter, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, has an assembly and operational chamfer at an angle 45° (see Fig. 1b) To ensure high-quality and reliable adhesion of the lower concrete layer as a base, and the upper front polymer layer of a two-layer paving slab during its laying and operation, in the process of manufacturing a two-layer paving slab , in the form for the concrete layer 2, vertically, to a depth of 0.5 Nbt, before pouring concrete, a reinforcing grid 4 is installed, welded from a springy wire 5, with a diameter of dpr (see Fig. Fig. 2a), equal to 0.04 Npl. Then, the prepared form is poured with concrete mix, and allowed to harden. After the concrete mixture has hardened, we obtain a monolithic block of concrete layer 2 and reinforcing grid 4 (see Fig. 2 a, b), while the total height of the reinforcing grid Нрш is:

Nrsh \u003d 0.5 Nbt + 0.5 Npm,

and the overall dimensions Lrsh of the reinforcing grid 4 are smaller than the overall dimensions Lpl, and are 0.6 - 0.8 Lpl along the entire perimeter, which ensures the distance of the reinforcing lattice from the edge of the outer layers of the two-layer paving slab by the value Δрsh, thereby ensuring its protection from moisture and aggressive chemicals in winter (see Fig. 3 a, b). Then, on the resulting concrete base 2, with a reinforcing lattice 4 built into it, a polymer layer 3 is applied, the thickness of which is 0.25 - 0.65 Nbt, and the polymer layer itself around the entire perimeter, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, is attached to the mounting - an operational chamfer with an inclination angle of 45° (see Fig. 1b), which provides convenience when laying two-layer paving slabs in the process of creating a road surface, and also ensures the absence of bursting forces between adjacent tiles during their operation due to the increased degree plastic deformation that occurs in polymer coatings under the influence of an external load.

Since the spatial reinforcing grid 4 is immersed in the polymer layer to a depth of 0.5 Nm, and in the concrete layer by 0.5 Nbt, after the polymer layer has hardened, a powerful adhesive-mechanical relationship is formed between the polymer layer 3 and the concrete layer 2 (see Fig. 3 a, b), which allows you to securely fix layers of materials with different properties, from their rupture or longitudinal displacement relative to each other during transportation, laying and subsequent operation of two-layer paving slabs. The above proportions of the overall dimensions of a two-layer paving slab, the size and dimensions of the reinforcing grid, the diameter of the wire for its manufacture, as well as the vertical depth into the lower concrete layer and the upper polymer layer, and the proportions of the overall dimensions of the reinforcing grid, compared with overall dimensions of the two-layer paving slabs, are selected experimentally and in practice, which allows minimizing the cost of its manufacture, and, at the same time, ensuring the highest quality strength and performance characteristics of the finished product.

Two-layer paving slabs are made in two stages. At the first stage, the lower working concrete layer of a given thickness is made, with a reinforcing grid installed in it. Then the resulting concrete base is placed in a special technological form, which is filled from above with a mixture of rubber crumb, a fraction of 1-5 mm, obtained from rubber waste or worn tires, polyurethane in an amount of 7 to 50 wt.%, and a dye in an amount of 1.5 up to 15 wt.%, to give the desired color range, after which the prepared form is pressed, during which the upper front polymer layer is formed, to which, along the entire perimeter, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, an assembly and operational chamfer is attached at an angle of 45 °. The two-layer paving slab obtained in this way is placed in a thermal chamber for final polymerization and gluing into a monolithic whole, both particles of the polymer mixture itself, and the entire polymer layer with the lower working concrete layer, and that part of the reinforcing lattice that should be in the polymer layer , and kept for a day at a temperature of 90°C. After the completion of the polymerization process, the resulting two-layer paving slabs are packed on pallets and delivered to the place where the paving is laid.

The resulting two-layer paving slabs, with a reinforcing lattice inside, as shown by experimental studies, well resists the destruction or displacement of layers relative to each other with an increase in dynamic loads, which indicates the possibility of long and successful operation of it as a paving slab, even in areas with increased load.

As the practical application of two-layer paving slabs has shown, it is very convenient for laying, in the process of creating a paving slab, due to the presence of a concrete working layer in it, which allows it to be quickly and efficiently laid on the surface without additional preparatory work, and, with At the same time, it has improved adhesion to the soles of shoes, bicycle wheels and other mechanical devices of movement, as well as a reduced degree of injury when falling on it, due to the presence of an upper polymer layer that absorbs part of the impact kinetic energy due to plastic deformation.

Claims (1)

Two-layer paving slabs with dimensions from 100 × 100 mm to 400 × 400 mm, thickness from 25 mm to 55 mm, with a lower concrete layer as a base and an upper facial polymer layer based on a polymer binder polyurethane, rubber crumb from rubber waste or worn tires with the addition of a dye with a given color scheme, characterized in that a reinforcing spatial lattice of springy wire with a diameter of 0.04 the thickness of the tile, while the overall dimensions of the reinforcing lattice are 0.6 - 0.8 overall dimensions of the tile, and the polymer layer around the entire perimeter, starting from the upper edge of the concrete layer, is given an assembly and operational chamfer at an angle of 45 °.

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