RU2784814C1 - Animal surgical rasp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular, surgical instruments used in traumatology, orthopedics, soft tissue and dentoalveolar surgery for interventions on the bones, joints and dentoalveolar system. The surgical rasp for animals contains a working part made concave in the frontal and sagittal planes, not more than 1.5 thick and with an end cutting edge sharpened along a convex surface, as well as a handle. The raspator additionally comprises a second working part fixed on the opposite end of the handle. The first working part has a width of 4.5 - 6.0 mm, a length of 25.0 - 40.0 mm and has a sharpening of 20-25°. The second working part is made with a length of 18.0 - 25.0 mm, a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm and is presented in the form of a flat-curved wedge, having dimensions in the proximal part of 3.0 - 4.5 mm, in the distal part - 0, 9 - 1.5 mm and blunt sharpening. The handle is located between the two working parts and has a recess for the finger and knurling.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to create a universal surgical rasp for animals.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular, surgical instruments used in traumatology, orthopedics, soft tissue and dentoalveolar surgery for interventions on the bones, joints and dentition.

The raspator provides isolation of the periosteum, cartilaginous and fibrous tissues from the bone structure and teeth, separation and retraction of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus, as well as soft tissue structures, nerves, vessels, mucous membranes, it is possible to use the raspator as a manipulator.

In human medicine, a raspator is known (SU 214023 A1, IPC A61B 17/16), used in the field of dentistry, which has a working part made curved along the plane and along the edge.

This device has the following disadvantages:

1) It is used only in a specific surgical case (uranoplasty in the upper palate) and does not have a universal application in surgical interventions on tubular bones, articular surfaces, soft tissues.

2) Due to the curved along the plane and along the edge of the working part, there is a high probability during the manipulation of a significant damaging effect caused to the surrounding soft tissues when the surgeon acts on the instrument.

Also known in human medicine is a raspator (SU 747471 A1, IPC A61B 17/32) related to instruments for thoracic surgery. The raspator contains a working part with a cutting edge. The working part is made in the form of a trough of variable cross section with an inclination angle of 5-8° to the longitudinal axis of the rasp and is provided with protrusions located at the cutting edge. The cutting edge is inclined at an angle of 30-40° to the longitudinal axis of the raspator.

This splitter has the following disadvantages:

1) Use only in a specific surgical case (detachment of the periosteum of the rib), which does not have a universal application in surgical interventions on tubular bones and articular surfaces, the dentoalveolar system.

2) The impossibility of creating an increased impact on the tool - the fabric due to the lack of an additional stop (knurling or an adapted handle for the brush).

In human medicine, the Farabeus raspator is also known to have a curved working part with a dissecting end edge, pointed at 45-50 °, a supporting place for the index finger and a handle (The main structural elements of a general surgical raspator, according to MediconInstruments, 1986.https://medbe.ru/ materials/khirurgicheskiy-instrument/raspatory/)

This splitter has the following disadvantages:

1) The inability to perform minimal, especially rotational, manipulations of the raspator during fixation of the instrument without additional iatrogenic trauma to the surrounding tissues.

2) Inability to use for preparation and removal of the ligamentous-tendon apparatus, vascular and neuromuscular structures during surgical interventions.

As a prototype, a surgical rasp for intra-articular manipulations used in human medicine (RU 2759576 C1, IPC А61В 17/32) is selected, which consists of a working part and a handle, and the working part is made with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm and is concave in the front and sagittal planes, with lateral cutting edges along a concave surface with a sharpening of 25-30° and an end cutting edge along a convex surface with a sharpening of 25-30°, and the handle is made of a cylindrical shape with longitudinal edges.

This tool has the following disadvantages:

1) The impossibility of creating an increased impact of the tool on the tissue due to the lack of an additional stop (knurling or an adapted handle for the brush).

2) The impossibility of this raspator to atraumatically separate and, if necessary, abduct the ligamentous-tendon apparatus.

3) The impossibility of carrying out work with the soft tissue structure in the process of one surgical intervention.

The technical objective of the invention is to create a universal surgical raspator that provides full visualization, reduced physical effort on the instrument and atraumatization in the operated area (articular surface, tendon-ligamentous apparatus, dentoalveolar system, bone connections with surrounding soft tissues, vascular and nerve bundles) with the achievement of maximum the effectiveness of surgical intervention, both for small non-productive and farm animals.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved in that the well-known raspator, containing a working part made with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm and concave in the frontal and sagittal planes and an end cutting edge sharpened along a convex surface, is characterized in that it additionally contains a second the working part fixed at the opposite end of the handle, the first working part having a width of 4.5 - 6.0 mm, a length of 25.0 - 40.0 mm, and a sharpening of 20-25 °, and the second working part is made with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm, represented by a flat-curved wedge in the proximal part, having a width of 3.0 - 4.5 mm, in the most distal part 0.9 - 1.5 mm with a blunt sharpening and a length of 18.0 - 25.0 mm , and the handle is made with a notch for a finger and knurling.

The claimed device is illustrated by figures.

Figure 1 shows a diagram (side and top view), where:

1 - the first working part, which has a concave-convex frontal and sagittal planes and an end cutting edge along the convex and concave surfaces, 2 - a notch on the handle, 3 - knurling on the handle, 4 - the second working part, represented by a flat-curved wedge with a blunt sharpening , A-A - section of the first working part.

Figure 2 General view (photo) of the surgical raspator.

Figure 3 shows a photograph of the use of the raspator (the first working part) in the osteosynthesis of the animal, the skeletonization of soft tissues from the bone of the animal.

Figure 4 shows a photograph of the use of the raspator (the second working part) in soft tissue surgery, preparation and shifting of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the animal's wrist.

The surgical raspator is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with two working parts and a handle between them with a recess for a finger and a knurling. The knurling and recess on the handle ensures that there is no slip during the surgical intervention with the possibility of creating an increased impact on the instrument by the surgeon. The first working part is made with a thickness, for example, 1.5 mm, a width, for example, 6.0 mm, a length, for example, 30.0 mm, having a concave-convex frontal and sagittal planes and an end cutting edge along the convex and concave surfaces with sharpening eg 20-25°. The second working part, made with a thickness of, for example, 1.5 mm, is represented by a flatly curved wedge in the proximal part and has a width, for example, of 3.0 mm, and in the most distal part, for example, 1.0 mm with a blunt sharpening. Length of animal surgical rasp, e.g. 160 mm, handle diameter, e.g. 6 mm, length of first working part, e.g. 30 mm, width, e.g. 6 mm (concave-convex in frontal and sagittal planes), thickness, e.g. .5 mm. The length of the second working part is, for example, 20 mm, the width in the proximal part, for example, is 3.0 mm, and in the distal blunt part, for example, 1.0 mm, and the thickness, for example, is 1.5 mm.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to perform atraumatic revision, preparation and shifting of soft tissues with accurate rotational-lateral, translational and rectilinear movements.

The spreader is used in the following way. Prompt access is made in the required area of operation. The raspator is fixed in the hand by the knurled and notched handle. In connection with the versatility and multifunctional capabilities, the working part is selected based on the anatomical structures of the operated area. The first working part with a concave-convex plane and an end cutting edge is used to skeletonize soft tissues from the bone structure (fibrosis, soft tissue adhesions, muscles, periosteum, gums, mucous membranes, bone fragments, cartilage), making accurate translational and lateral movements in stages, under visual control. The work of the first working part of the rasp is presented in Fig.3. The second working part is used for preparation and retraction of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus, nerve bundles, nerves, vessels, fascia due to rectilinear and lateral movements. The work of the second working part of the rasp is shown in Fig.4. At the same time, the working parts do not overlap the operating area due to their small dimensions, which characterizes the minimization of iatrogenic damage to body tissues.

Thus, a raspator is proposed that has a number of advantages during manipulations:

- increases the visualization of the operated area due to its small size, which reduces the likelihood of an iatrogenic factor;

- carrying out a large number of manipulations for comparison, abduction, preparation of tissues due to the presence of several working parts with different shapes.

Claims (1)

A surgical rasp for animals, containing a working part made concave in the frontal and sagittal planes, not more than 1.5 thick and with an end cutting edge sharpened along a convex surface, as well as a handle, characterized in that it additionally contains a second working part, fixed at the opposite end of the handle, and the first working part has a width of 4.5 - 6.0 mm, a length of 25.0 - 40.0 mm and has a sharpening of 20-25 °, and the second working part is made with a length of 18.0 - 25, 0 mm, with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm and is presented in the form of a flat-curved wedge, having dimensions in the proximal part of 3.0 - 4.5 mm, in the distal part - 0.9 - 1.5 mm and blunt sharpening, with In this case, the handle is located between two working parts and has a recess for a finger and knurling.

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