RU2784695C1 - Method for performing seismic surveys - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: seismic surveys.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for performing seismic surveys. According to the claimed solution, a seismic exploration area is selected and, using remote shooting, data is obtained for this area that describes the surface topography, surface images with spatial reference. A spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DOPM) are created based on the received data. With the help of the DTM, the DOPM create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey area. Restrictions imposed by the surface relief and/or objects of each thematic layer are obtained, taking into account the characteristics of the surface relief and/or characteristics of the objects. Restriction zones are defined, imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer. A common layer of restriction zones is formed, obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and the zones of the absence of restrictions. Reception points (RP) and excitation points (EP) of a seismic signal are located without taking into account the restricted zones. RP and EP located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions. Routes for installing RP and EP are built, taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey site. At the stage of field work on the ground: laying routes built taking into account the restricted zones, placing RP and EP with spatial reference in the seismic survey area based on the routes built taking into account the restricted zones, exciting seismic signals in the EP located on the basis of the routes, built taking into account the zones of restrictions receive seismic signals in the RP located on the basis of the routes built taking into account the zones of restrictions for the site of seismic exploration.

EFFECT: increasing productivity, improving the accuracy of seismic surveys, accelerating and optimizing the performance of seismic surveys, minimizing the environmental impact of seismic surveys.

27 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, in particular, to a method for performing seismic surveys.

The presented solution can be used, at least, when performing seismic surveys in hard-to-reach and difficult terrain.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Seismic surveys are one of the main geophysical methods performed for the purpose of exploration in the oil and gas industry. The results of geophysical measurements obtained in the course of such a study are critical for the construction of a subsurface image that represents the geology of the study area, in particular, for determining the location of possible accumulations of oil and gas.

Such seismic surveys are carried out primarily by placing seismic sources (eg, such as an explosive charge placed in a borehole at a depth of 15-25 meters) and seismic receivers (eg, such as a geophone or array of geophones) on the surface of the survey area. Seismic receivers are configured to record all seismic waves generated by seismic sources and reflected from different layers of the earth in the study area, which makes it possible to build an image of the geological environment.

To conduct a seismic study, in general, it is necessary to place a large number of receivers and seismic signal sources on the surface of the study area according to a certain design system of profiles.

The quality of the image of the subsurface obtained after the processing and interpretation of seismic survey data generally depends on the surface density of the seismic sources and/or seismic receivers. In particular, a significant number of seismic receivers must be placed on the surface in order to obtain a good quality image. This is especially true for 3D imaging of the subsurface.

The location of seismic sources and seismic receivers in the study area is a laborious, dangerous and expensive process. To accommodate seismic signal receivers, it is necessary to prepare profiles, usually 4 meters wide, for the passage of heavy tracked all-terrain vehicles carrying seismic receivers and the necessary geophysical equipment. To accommodate seismic signal sources, it is also necessary to prepare profiles, usually 4-5 meters wide, for the passage of large drilling rigs based on heavy tracked all-terrain vehicles or towed by heavy tracked tractors. To prepare profiles in the forest, it is necessary to remove trees and prepare the surface for the passage of heavy tracked vehicles. Prepared profiles are not always suitable for the passage of heavy tracked vehicles, since they do not take into account such factors as, for example, terrain features, the presence of natural and man-made objects, potentially dangerous zones for work, security zones, critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people, noise, vibration, interference on overhead power lines, the possibility of vehicles passing on existing roads, winter roads and driveways, including bridges that were previously used for the passage of vehicles, etc. To this end, to design the locations of seismic signal sources and receivers, remote methods are used to obtain data on the seismic survey area in order to take into account the terrain conditions when laying seismic profiles.

Patent application CN102043164A, publication date 05/04/2011, discloses an invention that relates to seismic exploration of oil fields in high mountainous areas using remote sensing technology and is a method for optimal design of seismic profiles using remote sensing data.

The images are collected by remote sensing at a resolution greater than 5 meters and field measurement control points are used to fine-tune the geographic coordinates of the remote sensing images. Objects are distinguished by different spectral features in a remote sensing image. Interpret geological lithology, geomorphology, and other information in conjunction with a digital elevation model (DEM), slope, and moisture as survey line evaluation metrics. Based on the theoretical survey line deployment, according to the traffic restriction conditions and the seismic survey parameters, more than one additional survey line is obtained. Calculate the quality of the entire survey line using the following formula: Line quality = C0 × average height + C1 × average slope + C2 × average relative humidity + C3 × hard spots + C4 × adjacent road irregularities + C5 × favorable lithological length + C6 × construction complexity + C7 × mandatory exclusion zone + C8 × average evenness + C9 × average arousal goodness, where Ci is a weighting factor, C2, C5, C8, C9 are positive numbers, C0, C1, C3, C4, C6, C7 are negative. And, according to the calculated quality of each survey line, optional survey lines are sorted, and a straight survey line with the highest optimal quality is selected for construction. Common features with the claimed invention are the acquisition of data using remote shooting, the construction of a digital model. Compared with the claimed method, the known technical solution does not take into account the terrain conditions when designing seismic profiles, for example, the presence of natural and man-made objects and their bypass during design.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is the technical solution disclosed in CN112904405A, publication date 06/04/2021. A method for collecting seismic data based on surveying and mapping using a UAV is disclosed. In the method, at the first stage, the theoretical positions of the explosion points and detection points in the working area are designed; in the second step, at least one of a laser scanner, a digital camera, and a digital color aerial photography carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle is used to measure the work area and obtain vector information about the work area; in the third step, adjusting the theoretical positions of the explosion points and the detection points according to the vector information of the work area to obtain a corrected position; in the fourth step, according to the adjusted position, the wireless node tools and the steerable seismic sources are placed to collect shot point construction data to acquire seismic data; in the fifth step, the seismic data is corrected according to the workspace vector information to obtain corrected data.

Common features with the claimed invention is the collection of seismic data based on remote survey, obtaining information about the work area. However, in this solution, the positions of explosion points and detection points are corrected only by avoiding obstacles, and when performing seismic surveys, all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects located in the seismic survey area are not taken into account.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention lies in the fact that when designing and performing seismic surveys on the basis of high-precision objective data collected for the site of seismic surveys, take into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects for of this area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase productivity, increase the accuracy of seismic surveys, accelerate and optimize the performance of seismic surveys, minimize the impact on the environment by taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects when performing seismic surveys based on high-precision objective data collected for the seismic survey area.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that:

In the method of performing seismic surveys:

a seismic survey site is selected and, using remote sensing, data is obtained for this site, including at least:

- data describing the surface topography;

- surface images with spatial reference;

determine the zones in which there are no restrictions on the location of the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal in the area of seismic exploration, for which:

- creating a spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DPO) based on the data obtained for the seismic survey area using remote sensing;

- identify in the created DSM and COFP:

- surface relief;

- natural natural objects;

- anthropogenic objects;

– with the help of the indicated DTMs, TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey site,

- form a layer of restricted zones and non-restricted zones for the location of receiving points and seismic signal excitation points and building routes for their installation, for which:

- receive restrictions imposed by the surface topography and / or objects of each thematic layer, taking into account the characteristics of the surface topography and / or object characteristics,

- define the zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer,

- form a common layer of restriction zones obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of no restrictions;

- build routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which:

- have reception points and seismic signal excitation points without regard to restricted zones,

- reception points and seismic signal excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions,

- carry out the construction of routes for the installation of points of reception and points of excitation of a seismic signal, taking into account the zones of restrictions for the site of seismic exploration;

at the stage of field work on the ground:

- lay routes based on restricted areas;

- place receiving points and points of excitation of a seismic signal with spatial reference in the area of seismic surveys based on routes built taking into account restricted zones;

- excitation of seismic signals at seismic signal excitation points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area;

- seismic signals are received at seismic signal reception points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area.

The achievement of the technical result is ensured by taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and man-made objects when constructing routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points, taking into account restricted zones when performing seismic surveys based on high-precision objective data collected for the execution site seismic surveys, thereby providing high performance, high accuracy of seismic surveys in comparison with known solutions. At the same time, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to reduce the length of routes and increase the likelihood of laying such routes.

The use of the proposed method allows to speed up and optimize the performance of seismic work by placing the points of reception and points of excitation of a seismic signal with spatial reference in the area of seismic work based on the routes. At the same time, routes are built taking into account restricted zones, including by laying routes in zones without restrictions or built in restricted zones, taking into account permissible parameters.

Also, the use of the proposed method allows minimizing the impact on the environment due to the location of the points of reception and points of excitation of the seismic signal, the implementation of the construction of routes for their installation and displacement to the zone in which there are no restrictions for the site of seismic surveys, taking into account the degree of influence of work on laying routes on the ecological situation at the site of seismic surveys, depending on the characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects and restrictions imposed by such objects and the surface.

In the method, objects of different classes are identified in the created DSM and COFP, for example, objects related to the surface topography, objects related to natural and anthropogenic objects.

In the method, the thematic layers can be spatial thematic layers describing the surface topography, natural objects, anthropogenic objects.

In the method, thematic layers describing surface topography and natural features may include at least:

- layer of heights of the surface relief;

- a layer of relief slopes with the allocation of critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people;

- layer of vegetation heights;

- layer of forest stand by forest category;

- a layer of forest stand by the piece;

- a layer of burnt areas and a windblow;

- layer of water bodies;

- ravine network layer;

- a layer of wetlands.

In the method, thematic layers describing anthropogenic objects may include at least:

- a layer of settlements with borders, separate buildings;

- a layer of industrial facilities with boundaries, separate buildings;

- a layer of road network with a hard and unpaved surface;

- a layer of the road network of winter roads and possible passages, including bridges;

- a layer of railways and airports;

- power line layer,

- communication layer.

In the method, the characteristics of the surface topography may be at least:

- slope of the surface relief;

- the slope of the slopes of the ravine network.

In the method, the characteristics of natural objects can be at least:

- height, area and density of vegetation;

- area of burnt areas and windblows, height and density of dead non-fallen trees;

- depth of a water body, presence of crossings, bridges across a water body, ice thickness;

- depth of the ravine network;

- wetland area;

- the maximum mass of equipment for the passage of wetlands.

- potential danger of the object;

- secured territory.

In the method, the characteristics of anthropogenic objects may be at least:

- noise, vibrations produced by the object;

- interference on overhead power lines;

- safe distance for bypassing a man-made object.

In the method, the data describing the surface topography can be the planned and vertical coordinates of the seismic survey area.

In the method, the restriction zones can be at least zones with critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people; security zones; potentially hazardous areas for work; zones that negatively affect the excitation and reception of a seismic signal, zones for bypassing an object at a safe distance.

In the method, it is additionally possible to form zones of preferential laying of routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points.

In the method, the zone of preferable laying of routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points can be a road network of winter roads and possible passages, including bridges.

The method can include reception points and seismic signal excitation points, can build routes for their installation and displacement to a zone in which there are no restrictions for a seismic survey area, taking into account the degree of influence of route laying work on the environmental situation in the seismic survey area.

In the method for designing routes, taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, it is possible to arrange the reception points and seismic signal excitation points in accordance with the planned scheme and shift the reception points and seismic signal excitation points to zones in which there are no restrictions for the seismic survey area. works regarding the planned scheme of their location. The planned layout of the points of reception and points of excitation of the seismic signal can be obtained as the initial data for performing seismic surveys for the area of seismic surveys before remote surveying.

In the method, the area for seismic exploration may be difficult to access and impassable.

In the method, remote shooting can be carried out simultaneously using a laser scanner and a high-resolution digital camera placed on the same aircraft. This ensures that the data describing the terrain and the surface are equally referenced in the terrain, which leads to a more accurate formation of the restricted zone.

In the method, surface images with spatial reference can be obtained using a laser scanner and a high-resolution digital camera.

In the method, the data describing the surface topography can be the planned and vertical coordinates of the area of seismic exploration.

In the method, the constructed routes may be slalom profiles.

In the method, the constructed routes can be laid in the area of seismic surveys using geodetic equipment and mulching equipment.

In the method, it is additionally possible to carry out a planned binding of each point of reception and excitation of a seismic signal on the ground, and to extract the altitude coordinates for them from the created DTM.

In the method, the seismic signal receiving points may be highly sensitive point geophones with an extended frequency range.

In the method, seismic data obtained using highly sensitive point seismic receivers with an extended frequency range can be recorded on cableless recording equipment.

In the method, the width of seismic signal reception lines can be up to 1.5 m, seismic signal excitation lines up to 2.5 m.

In the method, the value of the critical angle for the passage of machinery and the passage of people may depend on the type of machinery and surface characteristics.

The specified technical result is also achieved due to the complex for performing seismic work, which contains at least

equipment for performing remote survey for the selected seismic survey area and obtaining data for this area, including at least: data describing the surface topography; surface images with spatial reference;

at least one processor, memory and instructions stored in memory and executed by the processor, with the help of which the above-described method of performing seismic surveys is carried out, equipment for laying routes built taking into account restricted zones, locating reception points and excitation points of a seismic signal with spatial reference on seismic survey site based on routes constructed taking into account the restricted zones, seismic signal excitation points located on the basis of routes constructed taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey site, seismic signal receiving points located on the basis of routes constructed taking into account the restricted zones for the area of seismic exploration.

In combination, the routing equipment may include at least mulching equipment and surveying equipment.

The specified technical result is achieved by taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects when performing seismic surveys based on high-precision objective data collected for the site of seismic surveys when constructing routes.

The specified technical result is also achieved due to the system for performing seismic surveys for implementing the method, which contains at least one processor, memory and instructions stored in memory and executed by the processor, with the help of which the above-described method for performing seismic surveys is carried out.

The specified technical result is also achieved due to a computer-readable medium for implementing a method containing instructions by which, when executed by at least one processor, the above-described method for performing seismic surveys is carried out.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The implementation of the invention will be described hereinafter in accordance with the accompanying drawings, which are presented to explain the essence of the invention and in no way limit the scope of the invention.

The claimed invention is illustrated by figures 1-7:

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of slalom profiling over the entire seismic survey area, avoiding large trees.

Fig. 2 - illustrates an example of a thematic 3D slope layer.

Fig. 3 - illustrates an example of a thematic 3D tree stand layer.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a thematic 2D layer by forest category.

Fig. 5 - illustrates an example of constructing zones of restrictions imposed by layer objects, and an example of constructing a straight profile.

Fig. 6 - illustrates an example of building a slalom profile taking into account the restricted zones.

Fig. 7 - illustrates an example of a method for performing seismic surveys.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following detailed description of the implementation of the invention, numerous implementation details are provided to provide a clear understanding of the present invention. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate how the present invention can be used, both with and without these implementation details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the features of the present invention.

Furthermore, it will be clear from the foregoing that the invention is not limited to the present implementation. Numerous possible modifications, changes, variations and substitutions that retain the spirit and form of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the subject area.

The claimed solution discloses a method for performing seismic surveys.

Detailed design of work is carried out using DSM and COP on the basis of data obtained for the site of seismic work using remote survey before the start of field work. With the help of the indicated DTMs, the TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey area. Thematic layers are spatial thematic layers, eg 2D, 3D thematic layers. Restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer are determined, for example, zones with critical angles for the passage of equipment and people are identified. All natural and anthropogenic objects and potentially hazardous zones imposed by the objects of each thematic layer are identified and identified in the created DSM and TFPC. Optimal locations are planned for the location of crossings over water bodies, optimal locations are planned for the location of passages through natural and anthropogenic objects, etc. The optimal construction of all signal reception and excitation profiles is performed. Thus, the detailed construction of routes is carried out taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects on the site.

The proposed method additionally makes it possible to significantly reduce the volume of cut down trees in the study area, reduce the risks related to the health and safety of workers at the expense of, and also reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment by bypassing restricted zones, taking into account the degree of influence of route laying work on the ecological situation. in the seismic survey area.

At the stage of field work on the ground, narrow seismic signal excitation profiles (up to 2.5 m wide) are used over the entire area of the seismic survey site, and not only in exclusive areas. Narrow receiving profiles (up to 1.5 meters wide) are used over the entire area of the seismic survey area, and not only in exclusive areas.

To minimize the risk of injury to personnel, routes are built taking into account the restricted zones mechanically using mulcher equipment (mulcher (forest chopper, English mulcher), forest mulcher - equipment designed for chopping wood, stumps and shrubs on the vine). Traditionally, in Russia, seismic survey profiles are prepared manually using gas-powered saws when working in the forest zone. This type of work is considered one of the most traumatic during field seismic surveys. The performance of mulcher equipment is 3-5 times higher compared to manual felling teams, the mulcher is mechanically protected and does not allow injury to the operator.

In the claimed technical solution, the routes can be represented by curvilinear profiles of receiving and excitation of a seismic signal (slalom profiles) in order to avoid cutting large trees (over 35 cm thick), while the construction of curvilinear profiles is used throughout the site, and not only in exclusive zones (Fig. 1). This solution makes it possible to reduce the amount of cut wood by bypassing large trees along a curved path and by actually tying points of physical observations.

The simultaneous use of mulcher equipment and slalom profiles can significantly reduce the amount of trees and forests to be cut down, reduce the risks related to the health and safety of workers, reduce injuries, increase the productivity of seismic surveys, in particular, the preparation of seismic profiles, reduce the number of personnel and heavy all-terrain vehicles.

Thus, picketing is dispensed with throughout the entire area of seismic surveys, which makes it possible to optimize and speed up the process of performing seismic surveys.

The location of all points of reception and excitation of a seismic signal on the ground is carried out using modern geodetic satellite receivers that provide the necessary accuracy in determining the planned coordinates. Determination of the heights of each point of reception and excitation of a seismic signal is a long process and depends on the number of navigation satellites and their visibility under the forest canopy. Altitude coordinates throughout the work area are obtained remotely. Therefore, in this solution, all altitude coordinates are identified (extracted) from the DSM, excluding the binding of altitude coordinates from the complex of ground topogeodetic works, and a cloud of altitude points is obtained for the entire work area, and not only along the profile sections, as is usually the case when performing seismic surveys. The digital terrain model (DTM) has the altitudinal coordinates of the entire area under study, and according to these data, the altitudinal coordinate of each point of reception and excitation of a seismic signal is selected with the formation of a common catalog of elevations. Thus, the claimed solution makes it possible to determine the height coordinates of each point of reception and excitation of a seismic signal with the help of a DMM, and not with the help of ground-based geodetic instruments, in connection with which the productivity of seismic surveys increases, the accuracy of seismic surveys increases.

Seismic data is recorded on cableless recording equipment and highly sensitive point seismic receivers with an extended frequency range are used. Point reception and cableless equipment can significantly speed up and simplify the work with the receiving arrangement. Additionally, the use of cableless recording equipment and point seismic receivers makes it possible to remove the barriers to the joint work of the drilling and blasting team and the seismic data recording team. The drilling and blasting team can freely cross the receiving lines with the installed recording equipment. There is no need to develop a detailed plan for the work of the drilling and blasting team within the reception area. There is no need to prepare a large backlog of blast holes. Additionally, non-productive time for seismic data registration is reduced due to the fact that the time for setting up the receiving arrangement is minimized and almost reduced to zero due to connecting wires and complex detachable-connecting systems.

The present invention discloses a method for performing seismic surveys taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and man-made objects for the site of seismic surveys. The survey site for seismic surveys may be a remote and difficult area, for example, an area that contains vegetation, such as forest, characteristic of the forest geographic zone of the Russian Federation. Also, the study area may contain highly rugged terrain, such as hills, ravines, riverbeds (including those with steep banks), swamps and lakes, etc. Also, this site may contain any man-made objects, for example, settlements, roads and railways, pipelines for various purposes, power lines, oil and gas facilities, etc. Also, this site may contain specially protected natural areas with various conditions that limit the performance of seismic surveys. works.

One of the components of the invention is a tool for remote study of a work site for obtaining high-precision and objective data for creating a digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DOP). A seismic survey site is selected and, using remote surveying, data is synchronously obtained for this site, including at least: data describing the surface topography, such as horizontal and vertical coordinates of the seismic survey site, surface images with spatial reference. Remote shooting can be carried out using a laser scanner and a digital high-resolution camera placed on the same aircraft.

The optimal parameters for the creation of DSM and COFP were empirically selected. DSM is obtained using a laser scanner placed on a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle, which performs air-laser scanning (ALS) and remote survey of the entire work area to obtain the altitude coordinates of this area with high spatial accuracy. A high-resolution digital camera is installed on the same aircraft, which, together with a laser scanner, forms an array of high-resolution images (surface images) with spatial reference to create a single digital orthophotomap of the study area. With the help of objective data obtained by remote methods before the start of field work, created on the basis of these data by DSM and COP, a detailed design of field seismic work is carried out by optimal displacement and placement of planned points of excitation and reception of a seismic signal, taking into account all possible characteristics of the surface (relief), characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects for the site of seismic surveys.

The main parameters for DEM and DOFP for seismic exploration tasks can be chosen as follows: digital orthophotomaps at a scale of 1:5000 with a resolution of 10-20 cm in the visible range; digital elevation models in the form of an XYZ matrix, corresponding in detail to a scale of 1:5000. Altitude accuracy - 0.5 meters, planned accuracy - 0.5 meters.

As a result of the performed air-laser scanning (ALS) and remote shooting, carried out, for example, using at least one aircraft, a DSM and a CTF are obtained, the interpretation of which at least gives the following data:

• communication corridors - landfill;

• paved roads - polyline;

• unpaved roads - polyline;

• boundaries of well pads and technogenic objects – polygon;

• borders of settlements - polygon;

• streets within the boundaries of populated areas - a line;

• woody vegetation - polygon;

• swampiness - polygon;

• contours of hydrographic objects – polygon;

• Detailed display of contours - similar to the requirements of the scale 1:5000;

• digital terrain matrix – grid, step (in plan) of grid nodes – 1 m;

• model of tilt angles, raster with a step of 1 m;

• slope exposure model, raster with a step of 1 m;

• model of vegetation permeability by classes (vegetation classes 1, 2, 3 – taking into account the height/density of the forest stand);

• Vegetation height model (in meters above the terrain), highlighting crown surfaces of undergrowth/shrubs and woodlands.

Objects of different classes are identified in the created DSM and COFP, for example, objects related to the surface topography, objects related to natural and anthropogenic objects.

Further, at the design stage, with the help of data obtained on the basis of DSM and CFPP, such as technogenic load schemes with the allocation of actual oil and gas communications corridors, transport energy infrastructure facilities, contours of production facilities and settlements, communication corridors, road network, settlements, vegetation , hydrography, maps of forest passability by categories, etc., create thematic information layers describing the surface topography, all natural and anthropogenic objects, including all man-made objects, throughout the seismic survey area. The resulting orthomosaic can also be used as a separate layer.

The selection of thematic information layers speeds up the planning process and the actual implementation of field work, since when the design seismic profiles are taken to the ground, no time is wasted transferring the profiles on the plan as a result of factors not taken into account at the planning stage, since all external (objective) factors are taken into account at the planning stage factors influencing the laying of profiles on the ground.

Thematic layers describing the surface topography and natural objects are, for example:

- layer of heights of the surface relief;

- a layer of relief slopes with the allocation of critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people;

- layer of vegetation heights;

- layer of forest stand by forest categories;

- a layer of forest stand by the piece;

- a layer of burnt areas and a windblow;

- layer of water bodies;

- ravine network layer;

- wetland layer;

etc.

Thematic layers describing anthropogenic objects, including man-made objects, are, for example:

- a layer of settlements with borders, separate buildings;

- a layer of industrial facilities with boundaries, separate buildings;

- a layer of the road network with a hard and unpaved surface;

- a layer of the road network of winter roads and possible passages, including bridges;

- a layer of railways and airports;

- power line layer,

- a layer of communications, for example, pipelines;

etc.

Layers are distinguished based on the types of objects (for example, ravine, forest, swamp, water bodies, burnt areas and windblows, settlements, industrial facilities, paved and unpaved roads, winter roads, airports, railways, pipelines, power lines, etc. ). The number of thematic layers is not limited. Each layer can combine different types of objects.

On FIG. 2 shows an example of a thematic spatial 3D layer of relief slopes, in Fig. 3 - an example of a thematic spatial 3D layer of a forest stand.

The Table shows examples of information (thematic) layers, examples of data used to create layers, as well as examples of planning factors for seismic profiles using these layers.

Table

Information layer type Type of information layer Data to get the information layer (required at least) Examples of planning factors (constraints, requirements, conditions) Surface relief A layer of relief slopes with the selection of critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people Bypassing places with slope angles above the critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people.
Selection of places for crossings, through water bodies with the most gently sloping banks. Describes natural natural objects Growing layer by forest category Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; forest categories; woody vegetation (polygon); model of vegetation heights (in meters above the relief), highlighting the surfaces of crowns of undergrowth/shrubs and forest areas, model of vegetation permeability by classes (vegetation classes 1, 2, 3 - taking into account the height/density of the forest stand) Laying a profile along sections with forest categories 1 and 2, preferably with category 1, bypassing forest sections with category 3 or laying profiles bypassing large trees. Ravine layer Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people Retreat from the ravine network to a safe distance to prevent the passage of equipment on unstable ground A layer of burnt areas and a windblow Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; model of heights of vegetation (in meters above the relief), highlighting the surfaces of crowns of undergrowth/shrubs and forests; woody vegetation (polygon) If the area of the burnt area and the windblow is small in area, then it is bypassed; if the area of the site is large, then the safest areas for laying profiles are selected (for example, there are no free-standing dead trees nearby) Wetland layer Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; swampiness (polygon) Restriction on the maximum mass of equipment for work in wetlands Describes anthropogenic objects Piping layer Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; communication corridors (polygon); Walking at a safe distance according to generally accepted standards (for excitation profiles, identification of equipped crossings or selection of places for arranging safe crossings. Power line layer Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; communication corridors (polygon); information about pickups in overhead power lines Bypass at a safe distance according to generally accepted standards (for excitation profiles). Identification of equipped crossings or selection of places for arranging safe crossings. Bypass at a distance when pickups do not affect the reception of a seismic signal (for reception profiles). Layer of the road network of winter roads and possible passages, including bridges Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; unpaved roads (polyline); contours of hydrographic objects (polygon); If there are winter roads and driveways nearby, including bridges that were previously used for the passage of equipment, then the laying of profiles and temporary roads along them. Railway and airport layer Altitude and plan coordinates; terrain images; CMM; railways and infrastructure facilities, airports and infrastructure facilities; information about noise, vibrations produced by the railway and airport, information about the schedule of aircraft and trains Bypass at a safe distance according to generally accepted standards (for excitation profiles)
Distance walk around when noise and vibration do not affect seismic signal reception (for acquisition profiles).
Prediction of noise and vibrations according to the schedule of trains and planes.
Identification of equipped crossings or selection of places for arranging safe crossings/crossings.

After that, a layer of restricted zones and non-limited zones is formed to locate the receiving points and the seismic signal excitation points and to build their installation routes. To do this, the restrictions imposed by the surface relief and/or objects of each thematic layer are obtained, taking into account the characteristics of the surface relief and/or the characteristics of objects , the restriction zones imposed by the surface relief and/or all objects of the thematic layer are determined, and a common layer of restriction zones obtained by summation of zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of absence of restrictions. Routes are built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which reception points and seismic signal excitation points are located without taking into account the restricted zones, the receiving points and seismic signal excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions, and construction of routes for installation of receiving points and points of excitation of a seismic signal, taking into account the restricted zones for the site of seismic exploration (Fig. 4).

The constraint zones imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects in a thematic layer can be summed with the constraint zones of another layer or with the constraint zones imposed by the surface relief and all objects of all thematic layers.

The characteristics of the surface relief are, for example, the slope of the surface relief, the slope of the slopes of the ravine network.

Characteristics of natural objects are, for example, height, area and density of vegetation; area of burnt areas and windblows, height and density of fallen trees that did not fall, depth of a water body, presence of crossings, bridges across a water body, ice thickness, depth of a ravine network, wetland area, maximum weight of equipment for passing a wetland, potential danger of an object, security zone around the object.

Characteristics of man-made objects are, for example, noise, vibrations produced by the object, interference on overhead power lines, safe distances around the man-made object.

Thus, when designing seismic profiles, taking into account the characteristics of the surface relief and the characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects, it is ensured that bypass natural and anthropogenic objects, including man-made objects, at a safe distance depending on the type of object, bypass zones with critical angles for the passage of equipment and passage people, bypassing trees 35 cm thick, bypassing security zones, bypassing areas potentially dangerous for work, bypassing difficult and potentially dangerous terrain (burnt areas, windfall, water bodies, swamps), bypassing areas that negatively affect the excitation and reception of a seismic signal.

At the same time, in the process of detailed design, taking into account the data of the TsMM and TSOFP, the volume and complexity of logging operations are accurately determined (forest assessment by category). Areas with critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of personnel are allocated. All man-made objects and potentially hazardous zones are identified and identified. Optimal places are planned for placement of crossings, through water bodies and passages, through man-made objects. This approach allows to significantly reduce the risks of a field seismic project, plan the optimal amount of resources and eliminate the incorrect placement of the excitation and reception profiles of a seismic signal. Additionally, the risk of illegal logging during the complex seismic surveys is eliminated due to the use of a detailed design tool before the start of field work.

When laying seismic profiles, the traffic capacity of equipment (critical angles for the passage and operation of equipment) and the work of technical personnel are taken into account. The ravine network is considered as a potentially dangerous object with unstable ground. For example, during heavy rainfall, ravines can fill with water and change their parameters, therefore, when planning, they retreat from the ravine network to a safe distance in order to exclude the passage of equipment on unstable ground, etc. The width of the strip of unstable soil can be estimated from the angle of the slope of the ravine. In the areas of fires and windblows, the complexity of work increases, dead trees that have not fallen down are a danger during work, dead trees can be piled up. If the site of fires and windblows is small in area, then it is preferable to lay a route taking into account the displacement, if the area of the site is large, then it is necessary to choose the safest areas for laying profiles. For water bodies, swamps, the possibility of their passage by equipment at different times of the year is taken into account, in winter the thickness of the ice is taken into account, if it is impossible to pass a water body, wetlands, swamps, options for bypassing them are designed. When working in wetlands or water bodies, for example, the maximum mass of equipment for work that can pass through wetlands or crossing a water body is taken into account. For each type of man-made objects (for example, settlements, industrial objects, railways, airports, etc.), generally accepted norms for safe distances are taken into account when designing seismic excitation profiles depending on the type of object. Additionally, the safe distance can be specified and agreed with the owners of the objects. When designing seismic signal reception profiles, it is taken into account that different objects, for example, airports, railways, industrial facilities, etc., can produce different levels of noise, vibrations depending on the type of object, which can affect the quality of seismic data acquisition. The possibility of passage of equipment on roads with a hard and unpaved surface is taken into account. If the vehicles cannot move on specific sections of the road, then a detour is planned at a safe distance. When designing seismic signal reception profiles near power lines, it is taken into account that pickups are created in overhead power lines, which can affect the quality of seismic signal reception. When laying profiles, safety precautions are taken into account when working in the area of power lines, in the protected zone of pipelines, depending on the carrier (gas, water, oil, fuel, etc.).

When designing profiles, the places of passage of winter roads, possible passages, bridges, crossings, which were previously used for the passage of equipment, and which are clearly visible on the orthophotomap, are taken into account.

Additionally, zones of preferential laying of routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points are formed, which are, for example, a winter road network and possible passages, including bridges, as well as existing paved and unpaved roads, along which vehicles can pass.

The optimal places for placing crossings over water bodies and passages through man-made objects are also taken into account. For example, a crossing density parameter is set, which takes into account the optimal options for placing crossings and crossings according to the principle of the least steepness of slopes and historically identified crossings/crossings (according to traces from vehicles and other indirect signs).

To design routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, the seismic signal reception points and excitation points are located in accordance with the planned scheme and the seismic signal reception points and excitation points are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions for the seismic survey area relative to the planned their layouts.

The receiving points and signal excitation points are shifted to the nearest optimal points in zones in which there are no restrictions. For example, option 1: if the planned point hit a critical angle where the equipment cannot pass and accommodate, then the point is shifted priority orthogonally to the profile to the right or left side to the zone that does not have restrictions; option 2: if it is possible to move the point outside the forest zone or into the forest of a lighter (for profile preparation) category, then the point is shifted priority orthogonally to the profile to the right or left side to the zone that does not have restrictions; option 3: if the point hits a man-made object, then the point is shifted priority orthogonally to the profile to the right or left side to the zone that has no restrictions; etc. This complex takes into account the optimality of the displacement between neighboring points and the profile as a whole. The value of the critical angle for the passage of machinery and the passage of people depends on the type of machinery and surface characteristics.

On FIG. Figure 4 shows an example of a layer of forest categories for laying profiles to take into account the displacement of points of reception and excitation of a seismic signal depending on forest categories:

0 category - open swamps, lakes, meadows, arable land;

Category 1 - rare young forest, rare shrubs, thickets of reeds, forested swamps; trunk diameter up to 16 cm and distance between trees 10 m or more;

Category 2 - dense young forest, dense shrub, forest of medium density; trunk diameter up to 16 cm, distance between trees from 4 to 10 m;

Category 3 - dense forest with undergrowth and undergrowth; taiga forest with windbreak or impenetrable burnt forest; trunk diameter from 16 cm, distance between trees less than 4 m; especially dense shrubs (solid blackthorn, hold-a-tree, continuous thickets of dwarf and willow, etc.).

For example, if the planned location of the point of excitation or the point of signal reception falls into the forest zone of category 2 or 3, which can significantly affect the ecological situation in the area of seismic exploration when laying routes, then the points of reception and points of excitation of the seismic signal are shifted to the forest zone of category 0 or Category 1, which is located nearby, in order to reduce the impact of seismic exploration work on laying routes on the ground to a minimum. In addition, offset-based routing reduces the length of routes and increases the likelihood of routes being routed through the restricted area, taking into account terrain characteristics.

Build the optimal route, taking into account all the surface conditions of the work site. Seismic signal reception points and excitation points are located, their installation routes are constructed taking into account restricted zones, taking into account all possible surface (relief) characteristics, characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects in the work area. On FIG. Figures 5 and 6 show examples of constructing a profile taking into account restricted zones. On the planned (design) scheme, design rectilinear profiles of the location of the receiving points (RP) and excitation points (PV) of the seismic signal are usually placed (Fig. 5). The PP and PV are shifted taking into account the restricted zones obtained on the basis of the thematic layers of forests and water bodies. And they build routes (slalom profiles) in an acceptable corridor, taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey site (Fig. 6), placing the actual SP or SP placed on the ground.

At the stage of field work, routes are laid on the ground, built taking into account the restricted zones. Place the points of reception and points of excitation of the seismic signal with spatial reference in the area of seismic surveys on the basis of the routes built taking into account the zones of restrictions. Seismic signals are excited at seismic signal excitation points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area. Seismic signals are received at seismic signal receiving points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area.

The constructed routes are slalom profiles with a width of seismic signal reception lines up to 1.5 m, seismic signal excitation lines up to 2.5 m (Fig. 7). At the stage of field work, slalom profiles (routes) for receiving and excitation of a seismic signal are laid on the ground using mulcher equipment, bypassing large trees (over 35 cm thick), throughout the territory of the seismic survey area. All points of reception and excitation of the signal are accessed by navigation, both for equipment and for personnel. Each point of receiving and excitation of a seismic signal on the ground is scheduled to be tied with the help of navigation equipment, and the altitude coordinates for them are extracted from the created DTM. Thus, the constructed routes are laid on the site of seismic surveys using geodetic equipment and mulcher equipment using DSM. Seismic signal receiving points are highly sensitive point seismic receivers with an extended frequency range. Seismic data obtained using highly sensitive point seismic receivers with an extended frequency range are recorded on cableless recording equipment.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that all of the data processing operations of the present invention can be implemented using at least one computing device. The computing device contains at least one processor, memory and instructions stored in the memory and executed by the processor, with the help of which the claimed method for performing seismic surveys is carried out. Data processing can be centralized, eg using a single computing device, or distributed, eg using several computing devices distributed over a network.

A computer-readable medium is a storage medium (for example, read-only memory, random access memory, external hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, U-disk, etc.) that is capable of storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, perform the claimed method of performing seismic surveys.

The processed data obtained using at least one computing device and/or a computer-readable medium in accordance with the claimed method for performing seismic surveys are subsequently used at the stage of field work for laying routes, placing excitation points and seismic signal receiving points in the seismic survey area. works.

The present application materials provide a preferred disclosure of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other, private embodiments of its implementation, which do not go beyond the scope of the requested legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

It should be clear to a person skilled in the art that various variations of the proposed method and system do not change the essence of the invention, but only determine its specific embodiments and applications.

Claims (136)

1. A method for performing seismic surveys, in which: a seismic survey site is selected and, using remote sensing, data is obtained for this site, including at least: - data describing the surface topography; - surface images with spatial reference; determine the zones in which there are no restrictions on the location of the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal in the area of seismic exploration, for which: - creating a spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DOF) based on the data obtained for the seismic survey area using remote survey; - identify in the created DSM and COFP: - surface relief; - natural natural objects; - anthropogenic objects; - with the help of the indicated DTMs, TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey site, - form a layer of zones of restrictions and zones of absence of restrictions for the location of reception points and points of excitation of a seismic signal and the construction of routes for their installation, for which: - receive restrictions imposed by the surface topography and / or objects of each thematic layer, taking into account the characteristics of the surface topography and / or object characteristics, - define zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer; - form a common layer of restriction zones obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of no restrictions; - build routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which: - have reception points and seismic signal excitation points without regard to restricted zones, - reception points and seismic signal excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions, - carry out the construction of routes for the installation of points of reception and points of excitation of a seismic signal, taking into account the zones of restrictions for the site of seismic exploration; at the stage of field work on the ground: - lay routes based on restricted zones; - placing the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal with spatial reference in the area of seismic surveys based on the routes built taking into account the restricted zones; - excitation of seismic signals at seismic signal excitation points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area; - seismic signals are received at seismic signal receiving points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the thematic layers are spatial thematic layers describing the surface topography, natural objects, anthropogenic objects. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which the thematic layers describing the surface topography and natural objects include at least: - layer of heights of the surface relief; - a layer of relief slopes with the allocation of critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people; - layer of vegetation heights; - layer of forest stand by forest category; - a layer of forest stand by the piece; - a layer of burnt areas and a windblow; - layer of water bodies; - ravine network layer; - a layer of wetlands. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which the thematic layers describing anthropogenic objects include at least: - a layer of settlements with borders, separate buildings; - a layer of industrial facilities with boundaries, separate buildings; - a layer of road network with a hard and unpaved surface; - a layer of the road network of winter roads and possible passages, including bridges; - a layer of railways and airports; - power line layer, - communication layer. 5. The method according to claim 1, in which the characteristics of the surface topography are at least: - slope of the surface relief; - the slope of the slopes of the ravine network. 6. The method according to claim 1, in which the characteristics of natural objects are at least: - height, area and density of vegetation; - area of burnt areas and windblows, height and density of dead non-fallen trees; - depth of a water body, presence of crossings, bridges across a water body, ice thickness; - depth of the ravine network; - wetland area; - the maximum mass of equipment for the passage of wetlands. - potential danger of the object; - secured territory. 7. The method according to p. 1, in which the characteristics of anthropogenic objects are at least: - noise, vibrations produced by the object; - interference on overhead power lines; - safe distance for bypassing a man-made object. 8. The method according to p. 1, in which the zones of restrictions are at least zones with critical angles for the passage of equipment and the passage of people; security zones; potentially hazardous areas for work; zones that negatively affect the excitation and reception of a seismic signal, zones for bypassing an object at a safe distance. 9. The method according to claim 1, in which zones of preferential laying of routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points are additionally formed. 10. The method according to claim 9, in which the zone of preferential laying of routes for installing reception points and seismic signal excitation points are winter road networks and possible passages, including bridges. 11. The method according to p. 1, in which the receiving points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal are located, the routes for their installation and displacement to the zone in which there are no restrictions are built, for the site of seismic surveys, taking into account the degree of influence of the work on laying routes on the ecological situation in the seismic survey area. 12. The method according to claim 1, in which, in order to design routes, taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, the location of the receiving points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal is carried out in accordance with the planned scheme and the receiving points and points of excitation of the seismic signal are shifted to the zones in which there are no restrictions for the site of seismic surveys regarding the planned scheme of their location. 13. The method according to p. 1, in which the site of seismic work is difficult to access and impassable. 14. The method according to claim. 1, in which remote shooting is carried out simultaneously using a laser scanner and a digital high-resolution camera placed on the same aircraft. 15. The method of claim. 1, in which images of the surface with spatial reference are obtained using a laser scanner and a digital high-resolution camera. 16. The method according to claim 1, in which the data describing the surface topography are the planned and vertical coordinates of the seismic survey area. 17. The method according to claim. 1, in which the constructed routes are slalom profiles. 18. The method according to claim 1, in which the constructed routes are laid in the seismic survey area using geodetic equipment and mulcher equipment. 19. The method according to claim 1, in which the planned binding of each point of reception and excitation of a seismic signal on the ground is additionally carried out, and the altitude coordinates for them are extracted from the created DTM. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the seismic signal receiving points are highly sensitive point geophones with an extended frequency range. 21. The method of claim. 20, in which seismic data obtained using highly sensitive point seismic receivers with an extended frequency range, is recorded on cableless recording equipment. 22. The method according to claim 1, in which the width of the seismic signal receiving lines is up to 1.5 m, the seismic signal excitation lines are up to 2.5 m. 23. The method according to claim 8, in which the value of the critical angle for the passage of equipment and the passage of people depends on the type of equipment and surface characteristics. 24. Complex to perform seismic work to implement the method according to paragraphs. 1-23, which contains at least: equipment for performing remote surveys for a selected seismic survey area and obtaining data for this area, including at least: - data describing the surface topography; - surface images with spatial reference; at least one processor, memory, and instructions stored in memory and executed by the processor, which do the following: receive remote survey data for the seismic survey site, including at least: - data describing the surface topography; - surface images with spatial reference; determine the zones in which there are no restrictions on the location of the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal in the area of seismic exploration, for which: - creating a spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DPO) based on the data obtained for the seismic survey area using remote sensing; - identify in the created DSM and COFP: - surface relief; - natural natural objects; - anthropogenic objects; – with the help of the indicated DTMs, TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey site, - form a layer of restricted zones and non-restricted zones for the location of receiving points and seismic signal excitation points and building routes for their installation, for which: - receive restrictions imposed by the surface topography and / or objects of each thematic layer, taking into account the characteristics of the surface topography and / or object characteristics, - define the zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer, - form a common layer of restriction zones obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of no restrictions; - build routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which: - seismic signal receiving points and excitation points are located without taking into account the restricted zones, the seismic signal receiving points and excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions, routes are constructed for installing seismic signal receiving points and excitation points, taking into account the zones restrictions for the site of seismic surveys; equipment for laying routes, built taking into account the zones of restrictions, placement of reception points and points of excitation of a seismic signal with spatial reference in the area of seismic surveys based on routes built taking into account the zones of restrictions; seismic signal excitation points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area; seismic signal receiving points located on the basis of routes built taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area. 25. The complex according to claim 24, in which the equipment for laying routes includes at least mulcher equipment and geodetic equipment. 26. System for performing seismic work for implementing the method according to paragraphs. 1-23, which contains at least one processor, memory, and instructions stored in memory and executed by the processor, with which the following are performed: - define zones in which there are no restrictions on the location of the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal in the area of seismic exploration, for which: - creating a spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DPO) based on the data obtained for the seismic survey area using remote sensing; moreover, a seismic survey area is selected and, using remote surveying, data is obtained for this area, including at least: - data describing the surface topography; - surface images with spatial reference; - identify in the created DSM and COFP: - surface relief; - natural natural objects; - anthropogenic objects; – with the help of the indicated DTMs, TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey site, - form a layer of zones and zones of absence of restrictions for the location of reception points and points of excitation of a seismic signal and the construction of routes for their installation, for which: - receive restrictions imposed by the surface topography and / or objects of each thematic layer, taking into account the characteristics of the surface topography and / or object characteristics, - define the zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer, - form a common layer of restriction zones obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of no restrictions; - build routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which: - have reception points and seismic signal excitation points without regard to restricted zones, - reception points and seismic signal excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions, - and carry out the construction of routes for the installation of points of reception and points of excitation of a seismic signal, taking into account the zones of restrictions for the area of seismic exploration. 27. Machine-readable medium for implementing the method according to paragraphs. 1-23, containing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, do the following: determine the zones in which there are no restrictions on the location of the reception points and the points of excitation of the seismic signal in the area of seismic exploration, for which: - creating a spatial digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital orthophotomap (DPO) based on the data obtained for the seismic survey area using remote sensing; moreover, a seismic survey area is selected and, using remote surveying, data is obtained for this area, including at least: - data describing the surface topography; - surface images with spatial reference; - identify in the created DSM and COFP: - surface relief; - natural natural objects; - anthropogenic objects; – with the help of the indicated DTMs, TFPC create thematic layers that describe the surface topography, natural objects and anthropogenic objects for the seismic survey area, - form a layer of zones and zones of absence of restrictions for the location of reception points and points of excitation of a seismic signal and the construction of routes for their installation, for which: - receive restrictions imposed by the surface topography and / or objects of each thematic layer, taking into account the characteristics of the surface topography and / or object characteristics, - define the zones of restrictions imposed by the surface topography and/or all objects of the thematic layer, - a common layer of restriction zones is formed, obtained by summing the restriction zones imposed by the surface topography and all objects of all thematic layers, and zones of no restrictions; - build routes taking into account the restricted zones for the seismic survey area, for which: - have reception points and seismic signal excitation points without regard to restricted zones, - reception points and seismic signal excitation points located in the restricted zone are shifted to zones in which there are no restrictions, - and carry out the construction of routes for installing points of reception and points of excitation of a seismic signal, taking into account the zones of restrictions for the site of seismic exploration.

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