RU2784226C1 - Refrigerator-emitter of the spacecraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: spacecraft equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device is designed to provide heat removal from the spacecraft equipment. The radiator-radiator, which is a panel, consists of a collector with a layer of carbon fiber wound between the heat pipes inserted into it, and a shell of heat-conducting carbon pitch fiber is put on each heat pipe installed in the collector with a coolant flowing through it, to which, through the layer high-temperature compound based on coal tar pitch, a heat-conducting carbon sheet is attached, forming a heat-radiating surface of the radiator-radiator.

EFFECT: mass of the cooler-radiator of the system for ensuring the thermal regime of the spacecraft decreases with an increase in the effective heat release.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in spacecraft (SC) equipped with a thermal regime for the operation of the electronic equipment located in them.

A number of designs of systems for providing thermal conditions are known, in which the temperature required for the operation of electronic equipment is achieved by removing heat into outer space by heat-radiating panels of the radiator refrigerator. [Romanov A.V. "Theory of integrated optimization of the design of spacecraft with nuclear thermionic power plants" / Ed. B.I. Poletaeva, A.P. Kovaleva - St. Petersburg: LLC NPO Professional, 2010.-255 s].

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a system for ensuring the thermal regime of a space nuclear power plant, made in the form of refrigerator-radiator (CI) panels, which are a metal collector with an elliptical cross-section through which a coolant flows. Heat pipes with copper plates soldered to them are inserted into the collector from two sides in a checkerboard pattern. For strength, a plate is welded in the center of the collector over its entire length, which prevents deformation of the collector section when it is heated to an operating temperature of ~ 600°C. [“Space nuclear power plants and electric rocket engines. Design and calculation of details ": Textbook / P.V. Andreev, A.S. Demidov, N.I. Ezhov and others - M .: MAI Publishing House, 2014. - 166-170s.].

The disadvantage of this design is the significant mass of the emitter refrigerator panels, which is more than 10 kg/m ² due to the use of copper plates as the radiating surface and a relatively thick-walled collector of more than 2 mm with an inner plate.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the mass of the CI system for ensuring the thermal regime of the spacecraft.

This result is achieved by the fact that the CI of the system for ensuring the thermal regime of the spacecraft is made in the form of a collector, on which, between the heat pipes inserted into it, carbon fiber is wound, and each heat pipe installed in the collector with a coolant flowing through it is covered with a shell of heat-conducting carbon pitch fiber, to which a heat-conducting carbon sheet is attached through a layer of high-temperature compound based on coal tar pitch, forming a heat-radiating surface of the radiator cooler.

The figure 1 shows a structural diagram of the CI system for ensuring the thermal regime of the spacecraft.

CI of the system for ensuring the thermal regime of the spacecraft consists of panels that are a thin-walled metal collector 1 with a wall thickness of ~ 1 mm with an elliptical cross-section and heat pipes 2 inserted into it from two sides in a checkerboard pattern. A layer of carbon fiber is wound on the collector between the heat pipes 3 with carbonized binder. The heat pipes 2 are covered with thin-walled shells 4 made of heat-conducting pitch carbon fiber (with a thermal conductivity of more than 500 W/m K). Heat-conducting carbon fabric 6 (with thermal conductivity of more than 500 W/m K) and density of 1.7 g/cm ³ ) is attached to the shell through a layer of high-temperature carbon compound based on coal tar pitch 5, forming a heat-radiating surface of the radiator cooler.

The presented structure works as follows. The thin-walled metal collector 1 is a kind of liner that ensures the tightness of the heat removal system, and the layer of carbon fiber 3 wound around it increases its strength when heated, preventing its deformation due to the internal pressure of the coolant. Thus, a longitudinal plate is excluded from the collector design, which is welded in the center of the collector for its entire length, which leads to a decrease in the thickness of the collector. The shell 4 made of heat-conductive carbon composite material, put on the heat pipe 2 during heating, allows the pipe to expand and elongate relative to the carbon heat-conductive shell, and by increasing its diameter to connect with the carbon heat-conductive shell 4, which expands less intensively due to the lower coefficient of thermal expansion, compared with the coefficient of thermal expansion of a heat pipe made of steel. As a result, thermal contact between the heat-conducting shell 4 and the heat pipe 2 is provided. Attached through a layer of high-temperature carbon compound based on coal tar pitch 5, the heat-conducting carbon web 6 to each carbon-coated heat pipe 2 forms a heat-radiating surface of the radiator cooler.

As a result, the proposed CI design provides weight reduction. This is a consequence:

- winding carbon fiber on the collector, which allows to reduce the thickness of the collector shell from 2…2.5 mm to 1 mm without loss of strength;

- exclusion from the design of the collector of the longitudinal plate that prevents its deformation;

- the use of a thermally conductive carbon composite material with a higher thermal conductivity (more than 500 W/m K) than that of copper, which allows either to reduce the number of heat pipes in the panel or increase the temperature of the radiating surface and, accordingly, reduce the CI area;

- lower density of the material of the radiating surface (copper - 8.9 g/cm ³ , carbon heat-conducting fiber - 1.7 g/cm ³ ).

All taken together provides a reduction in the weight of CI to 7 kg/m ² .

Claims (1)

Refrigerator-radiator, which is a panel consisting of a collector with a coolant flowing inside it, heat pipes with radiating copper plates soldered to them are inserted into the collector, characterized in that a shell of heat-conducting carbon pitch fiber is put on each heat pipe installed in the collector , to which a heat-conducting carbon sheet is attached through a layer of high-temperature compound based on coal tar pitch, forming a heat-radiating surface of the refrigerator-emitter, while carbon fiber is wound on the collector between the heat pipes inserted into it.

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