RU2783602C1 - Method for sowing row crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for sowing tilled crops. The sowing method consists in that, before sowing, the results of digital monitoring of the field boundaries and the characteristics of the field and soil are loaded into the seeder control terminal, after which the seeder is installed on the line of the first pass. The field area is virtually divided into rectangular sections with sides equal to the capture width and the kinematic length of the seeder, sowing coordinates and requirements for the depth of placement of each seed are generated sequentially for each section. The movement of the seeder is started and, by a signal from the control terminal, in accordance with the received coordinates, the position of the sowing needle coulters is adjusted individually in the horizontal plane, setting the amount of travel and the speed of reciprocating movement in the direction of movement of the seeder and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the seeder to reach the sowing coordinates. By a signal from the control terminal, seeding of each seed is differentiated by depth. The speed of movement of the sowing needle coulters is controlled by the control terminal, and when the seed sowing coordinates are reached by the sowing needle coulter, the movement speed relative to the soil surface is maintained at zero for the time of its operation to the depth of seed placement and exit to the initial state. The actuation coordinates of the extreme sowing needle coulters of the seeder are stored in the memory of the control terminal and then used to determine the coordinates of actuation of the sowing needle coulters during the second and subsequent passes of the seeder.

EFFECT: invention will provide a rational area for plant nutrition and reduce the consumption of seed material.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for sowing seeds of row crops.

Existing seeders have a mechanism for controlling the rate of differentiated seeding, that is, with an automatic change in the sowing rate depending on the passage of one or another section of the field. Known seeder [1], which with the help of chisel coulters ensures the accuracy of the placement and placement of seed on a plowed field, on a field treated with a cultivator and on direct sowing. In this case, the sowing depth is centrally set on each group of coulters using a handle. The coulters have a parallelogram suspension, which prevents the possibility of non-compliance with the desired sowing depth at different or changing speeds (up and down, on a turn, with different soil density, etc.) and other soil irregularities. The seed sowing dosing mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic motor that changes the rotational speed of the output shaft at the command of the on-board computer control actions, into which a moisture map is laid - with the allocation of irrigated and non-irrigated soil zones on the field and an algorithm for changing seeding rates, depending on the presence of moisture in the soil. Thus, a uniform distribution of seeds in a row and a decrease or increase in the seeding rate in different parts of the field are achieved.

This method does not allow you to quickly control the coordinates of sowing seeds on the area and the depth of sowing when sowing each seed.

The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is the method of sowing row crops [2], which consists in the fact that before sowing into the electronic control device of the seeder, the program for controlling the actuators for supplying seeds of odd and even sections of the seeder is preloaded, an arbitrary sowing step t, coordinates of distance reference lines perpendicular to the direction of movement of the seeder, upon reaching which the measuring device is activated or deactivated, installed on the seeder to measure the distance traveled and connected to the electronic control device of the seeder, which at the beginning of the first pass, by means of an electric circuit, controls the activation of the actuating mechanisms for supplying seeds of odd sections seeders when the seeder crosses the distance reference line, switching on the actuating mechanisms for supplying seeds of even sections at a distance t / 2 in the direction of movement of the seeder from the distance reference line and then turning on the actuators mechanisms for supplying seeds of even and odd sections of the seeder at a distance of a given step t of sowing after the previous activation of the actuators for supplying seeds of the corresponding sections of the seeder, and also stores in its memory the distance x from the place of the last actuation of the actuator for supplying seeds of odd or even sections of the seeder to the distance reference line in the direction of the seed drill.

As disadvantages, it can be noted that when implementing this method, the sowing of seeds is carried out by turning on or off the even and odd sections of the seeder, which does not provide the ability to differentially distribute seeds by each sowing coulter in depth and sowing area.

The technical objective of the present invention is to provide a differentiated distribution of seeds in the soil based on digital monitoring of field boundaries and field and soil characteristics, which provides a rational area for plant nutrition and will reduce the cost of seed material.

The task is achieved by the fact that before sowing, the results of digital monitoring of the field boundaries and the characteristics of the field and soil, obtained, for example, using unmanned aerial vehicles, are loaded into the seeder control terminal. Using a satellite navigation system, set the seeder on the line of the first pass. Using the control terminal, the field area is virtually divided into rectangular sections with sides equal to the working width and the kinematic length of the seeder, the number of seeds to be distributed on the site is determined, and the sowing coordinates and planting depth of each seed are sequentially generated for each plot separately. The movement of the seeder is started and, using hydraulic devices controlled from the control terminal, in accordance with the received coordinates, the position of the sowing needle coulters is adjusted individually in the horizontal plane, setting the amount of travel and the speed of reciprocating movement in the direction of movement of the seeder and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the seeder to reach the seeding coordinates. By a signal from the control terminal, seeding of each seed is differentiated by depth, setting the stroke rate and the speed of reciprocating movement in the vertical plane of the sowing needle coulter also using a hydraulic device. The speed of movement of the sowing needle coulters is controlled by the control terminal, and when the seed sowing coordinates are reached by the sowing needle coulter, the movement speed relative to the soil surface is maintained at zero for the time of its operation to the seed placement depth and exit to the initial position. The actuation coordinates of the outer sowing needle coulters of the seeder are stored in the memory of the control terminal and then used to determine the coordinates of actuation of the sowing needle coulters during the second and subsequent passes of the seeder.

- кинематическая длина сеялки.The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the method of sowing row crops, where 1 - hydraulic devices; 2 - sowing needle coulter;

- kinematic length of the seeder.

In practice, the proposed method can be implemented as follows.

Before sowing, the results of digital monitoring of field boundaries, field and soil characteristics are loaded into the seeder control terminal. Data for digital monitoring of field and soil characteristics can be obtained using satellite systems and unmanned aerial vehicles.

(фиг.). Определяют количество семян, которое нужно распределить на участке и генерируют координаты высева и глубины заделки каждого семени. Эту операцию проводят вначале на участке, располагающемся перед сеялкой, а в дальнейшем последовательно на других участках по мере перемещения сеялки.Using a satellite navigation system, the seeder is installed on the line of the first pass and, using the control terminal, the field area is virtually divided into rectangular sections with sides equal to the width of the seeder and the kinematic length of the seeder

(fig.). The number of seeds to be distributed on the plot is determined and the coordinates of sowing and planting depth of each seed are generated. This operation is carried out first in the area located in front of the seeder, and then sequentially in other areas as the seeder moves.

The seeder starts moving and with the help of hydraulic devices 1 (Fig.) controlled from the control terminal, in accordance with the received coordinates, the position of the sowing needle coulters 2 (the outer sowing needle coulter is shown) is adjusted individually. To do this, the sowing needle coulters 2 of the seeder, upon a signal from the control terminal using hydraulic devices 1, reciprocate with a given stroke and speed in the direction of movement of the seeder and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the seeder to reach the sowing coordinates.

Sowing the seed is as follows. When the seeder moves according to a signal from the control terminal, each sowing needle coulter 2, moving perpendicular to the line of motion and in the direction of movement at a speed exceeding the speed of the seeder, reaches the seed sowing coordinates in the horizontal plane, produces a seed sowing differentiated in depth, in accordance with a given by the magnitude of the stroke and the speed of reciprocating movement in the vertical plane, the sowing needle coulter punctures the soil and dumps the seed to a strictly specified depth. Moreover, the speed of movement of the sowing needle coulter 2 is controlled by the control terminal, when the sowing needle coulter reaches the coordinates of sowing the seed, for the time of its operation to the depth of seed placement and exit to its original position, the speed of its movement relative to the soil surface is maintained at zero

The actuation coordinates of the outer sowing needle coulters of the seeder are stored in the memory of the control terminal and are used to determine the coordinates of actuation of the sowing needle coulters during the second and subsequent passes of the seeder.

Thus, the proposed method of sowing seeds provides the ability to quickly and in real time, based on monitoring data, differentiate the distribution of each seed during sowing, controlling the position and speed of movement of the sowing needle coulters, i.e. distribute seeds during sowing in three coordinates, providing a rational area of nutrition and seed sowing depth for a specific area of the field. This will reduce the cost of seed material.

List of sources

1. Seeder PRIMERA DMC with digital seed rate control for differentiated sowing depending on soil fertility / V.A. Milyutkin, M.A. Kanaev, A.V. Kalashnikov [et al.] // Digital transformation of agriculture: problems and prospects: mater. All-Russian scientific-practical. conf. Cheboksary, 2020. S. 50-57.

2. Pat. No. 2709967 RF, IPC А01С 7/18. The method of sowing tilled crops / A.Yu. Popov. - No. 2019125365; dec. 2019.08.12, publ. 2019.12.23.

Claims (1)

A method for sowing row crops, including loading the results of digital monitoring of field boundaries, field and soil characteristics into the seeder control terminal before sowing and installing the seeder on the line of the first pass, characterized in that the field area is virtually divided into rectangular sections with sides equal to gripping width and kinematic length of the seeder, determine the number of seeds to be distributed in each area, and generate the sowing coordinates and the placement depth of each seed sequentially for each area separately, after which the seeder starts moving and by a signal from the control terminal in accordance with the received coordinates adjust the position of the sowing needle coulters individually in the horizontal plane, setting the amount of travel and the speed of reciprocating movement in the direction of movement of the seeder and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the seeder to reach the sowing coordinates, produce differentials seeding of each seed given by depth, setting the stroke rate and the speed of reciprocating movement in the vertical plane of the sowing needle coulter, and when the sowing needle coulter reaches the coordinates of sowing the seed by the sowing needle coulter at the time of its operation to the depth of seed placement and exit to the initial position, the speed of movement relative to the soil surface zero is maintained, and the coordinates of the actuation of the extreme sowing needle coulters of the seeder are stored in the memory of the control terminal and used to determine the coordinates of the actuation of the sowing needle coulters during the second and subsequent passes of the seeder.

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