RU2783461C1 - Method for the development of reserves of solid minerals in riverbeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining - to the development of reserves of solid minerals in an open way in riverbeds. According to the described technology, the channels of small and medium-sized rivers are diverted, in which the main reserves of the deposit are located under the riverbed, and it is impossible to develop them using known methods. The method includes the diversion of the river bed for excavation of reserves, which is carried out in the warm season. To do this, a conduit is laid in the channel on one side of the river, through which the river water is passed, and on the part of the channel freed from water, reserves are excavated, then the conduit is moved to the depleted part of the channel, to the other bank, the river water is passed through it, and the reserves are excavated on the undeveloped part of the riverbed.

EFFECT: exclusion of operations to drain the deposit while reducing costs and improving the overall and environmental safety of diverting the riverbed.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to mining, in particular to the development of deposits of solid minerals in an open way in riverbeds. According to the described technology, the channels of small and medium-sized rivers are diverted for the extraction of solid minerals, where the main reserves of the deposit are located under the riverbed, and it is impossible to develop them using known methods.

A known method of developing areas of alluvial deposits, in which a dredger (dredge) is used to extract reserves from under water. At the same time, the dewatering of the deposit is not carried out, and the excavation of reserves is carried out in the warm season (Shorokhov S.M. Development of alluvial deposits and design basics. M .: Gosgortekhizdat, 1963, p. 27.).

The common features of the analogue and the proposed technical solution are: the possibility of extracting solid minerals only in the warm season, and also do not drain the deposit.

The disadvantage of this method is the high loss of reserves in the subsoil, the impossibility of developing large-stone rocks and the level of pollution of the watercourse that is unacceptable according to environmental standards when working in an open riverbed. Losses of reserves are caused by the inevitable interstep pillars and the movement of part of loose reserves by the river flow outside the zone of operation of the developing body. Extraction of reserves from under water excludes the possibility of visual and instrumental control of the completeness of reservoir development. During the development of reserves in the flow channel, an unacceptable amount of suspended pollutants from the zone of operation of the developing body into the watercourse occurs, which is unacceptable according to environmental standards.

There is also known a method for the development of placer deposits under water, which is taken as a prototype, as the closest to the claimed technical solution (Shorokhov SM Development of alluvial deposits and design principles. M.: Gosgortekhizdat, 1963, p. 59). The method includes drainage of placer areas and excavation of reserves, which is carried out in the warm period of the year. In the known method, the drainage of the placer areas is carried out by diverting the riverbed (surface runoff) into a bypass (channel diversion) channel and removing the ground (underground) runoff through a network of drainage workings.

Common features of the prototype and the proposed method are: the diversion of the riverbed for excavation of stocks, which is carried out in the warm season.

The disadvantage of the known method is that for its use it is necessary to have free areas in the valley of the deposit, suitable in relief for the construction of a bypass (channel diversion) canal, and during its construction, if the required area is available, additional areas of the earth's surface are violated, and this leads to in turn, to an increase in capital costs and to additional environmental damage.

The problem is to increase the efficiency of the method for the development of solid mineral reserves in river beds by simplifying it by eliminating operations to drain the deposit while reducing costs and increasing overall and environmental safety for diverting the riverbed, in contrast to the prototype.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing reserves of solid minerals in river channels, including the diversion of the river channel for excavation of reserves, which is carried out in the warm season, according to the technical solution for diverting the river channel, a water conduit is laid at one of its banks, through which the river water passes through, and reserves are excavated on the part of the channel freed from water, then the conduit is moved to the depleted part of the channel, to the other bank, the river water is passed through it, and the reserves are excavated on the undeveloped part of the channel.

The specified set of features will simplify the method by eliminating costly operations for the diversion and drainage of the riverbed, improve overall and environmental safety, which will increase the efficiency of mining solid minerals in riverbeds, thereby increasing the efficiency of developing the resource base located in adverse conditions.

It is advisable to use a pipe as a watercourse. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the ease of implementation in the development of the resource base, located in adverse conditions.

It is advisable to use a tray as a watercourse. The proposed method is effective in an unstable flood situation, when it is impossible to predict the guaranteed volume of channel runoff. Also, when using a tray, it becomes possible to regulate the volume of flow by pumping out excess water inflows.

Also, the conduit can be formed from a waterproof fabric, which is laid in the riverbed so that its edges lie on different banks of the river, then one of the edges of the waterproof fabric is folded towards the bank opposite this edge and the edges of the waterproof fabric are fixed. The choice of method for securing the edges of the waterproof fabric depends on the topography of the riverbed. The proposed method is effective in the complex relief of the riverbed, where it is impossible to lay a pipe or flume without critical bends. In addition, when using a waterproof fabric, they increase the stability of the conduit structure and reduce the cost of mechanisms that keep the pipe or tray from tipping over.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation of the method of developing reserves of solid minerals in riverbeds (hereinafter referred to as the method) and the drawings of Fig.1-3, where Fig.1 shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method with a watercourse in the form of a pipe, Fig.2 - scheme for implementing the proposed method with a stream in the form of a tray, figure 3 - scheme for implementing the proposed method with a stream of waterproof fabric.

The way to develop reserves of solid minerals in riverbeds is implemented as follows. In the warm season, in the channel 1 of the river (Fig.1-3), at one of its banks, for example 2, a conduit 3 is laid to divert the water of the river 4, and on the part 5 of the channel 1 of the river freed from water, reserves are excavated, then the conduit is moved 3 on the worked out part 5 of the river bed 1, to the other bank 6, the water of the river 4 is passed through it, and the excavation of reserves is carried out on the unworked part 7 of the river bed 1.

The easiest way is to use a pipe as a conduit 3 (figure 1, the position is not marked), and in an unstable flood situation, when it is impossible to predict the guaranteed volume of channel flow, it is advisable to use a tray (figure 2, the position is not marked).

The conduit 3 can also be formed from a waterproof fabric (figure 3, the position is not indicated). To do this, in the warm season in the riverbed 1, a waterproof fabric is laid in such a way that its edges 8, 9 lie on different banks 2, 6 of the river, respectively, then one of the edges of the waterproof fabric, for example 9, is folded in the direction of the bank opposite this edge 9 2, to divert the water of the river 4, the edges 8, 9 of the waterproof fabric are fixed (the method of fixing depends on the relief of the river bed 1 - with the formation of a pipe, flume, and so on), and on the part 5 of the river bed 1 freed from water, near the bank 6, produce stocks. Then the conduit 3 is dismantled, the waterproof fabric is laid again in the same way in the riverbed 1, its edge 8 is bent towards the bank 6 to divert the water of the river 4, the edges 8, 9 of the waterproof fabric are fixed, and the excavation of reserves is carried out on the undeveloped part 7 of the riverbed 1 . It is expedient to use a waterproof fabric in the complex relief of the river bed 1, where it is impossible to lay a pipe or tray without critical bends, and when using a waterproof fabric, they increase the stability of the conduit 3 structure and reduce the cost of mechanisms that keep the pipe or tray from tipping over.

Claims (4)

1. Method for the development of reserves of solid minerals in riverbeds, including the diversion of the riverbed for excavation of reserves, which is carried out in the warm period of the year, characterized in that to divert the riverbed, at one of its banks, a conduit is laid in the channel through which the river water is passed , and on the part of the channel freed from water, reserves are excavated, then the conduit is moved to the depleted part of the channel, to the other bank, the river water is passed through it, and the reserves are excavated on the undeveloped part of the channel. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pipe is used as a conduit. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a tray is used as a conduit. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit is formed from a waterproof fabric, which is laid in the riverbed so that its edges lie on different banks of the river, then one of the edges of the waterproof fabric is folded towards the opposite bank edge and fixed the edges of the waterproof fabric.

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