RU2783372C1 - Assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the lunar surface and a method for assembling it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cosmonautics.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to equipment and organization of individual activity of an astronaut in a pressure suit on the surface of the Moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. The module contains two tubular closed supports (2), (3) in the form of trapezoids, the lower bases serve as skids, and the upper ones serve as carriers for installing the panel (1) by means of magnetic clamps. The latter contain mandrels with ring magnets (7, 8, 11) and spherical yokes (9, 10, 12) fixed on supports with clamps (13, 14, etc.). Windows are formed in the panel (1), along the perimeter of which fabric containers (20, 21, 22, 23) are fixed on the reverse side, and fabric curtains with "contact" fasteners are fixed on the front side, and the curtains on one side are attached to the panel (1 ), along the ends of which handles are made in the form of cutouts. When assembling, the panel (1) is placed with the reverse side up, the yokes are oriented against the mandrels with ring magnets (7, 8, 11), they are brought together and connections are made, the yokes of the second support are similarly oriented, brought together and connected. The supports are installed perpendicular to the panel (1), the module is placed on the supports, loads are placed in containers and/or on the surface of the panel, if necessary, the container shutters are closed.

EFFECT: achievement of productivity and safety of the work of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the surface of celestial bodies.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to space technology, namely to objects for equipping an astronaut in a spacesuit under excessive pressure for individual practical activity directly on the surface of the Moon, Mars and other celestial bodies, and methods for using it.

The understanding of the need for direct participation of cosmonauts in research on the surface of the Moon, in the effective use and application of photo-video equipment, devices, tools, contrary to the adherents of continuous robotics, was confirmed in the Apollo program and in the preparation of the national N1-L3 program. In this regard, there is an obvious need for objects for laying out the equipment used in the work and moving it within the localized area of the surface, and to perform it at least during the 1st expedition, before the auxiliary electromechanical lunar vehicle is put into operation.

It is known that in the missions "Apollo 11 and 12" such funds were absent. The Apollo 14 mission featured a MET (Modular Equipment Transporter) two-wheeled handcart - a modular equipment transporter. The trolley was supposed to move cameras, a magnetometer, geological instruments, samples of lunar minerals, and even one of the astronauts in case of injury. Analogue. (World manned cosmonautics. Edited by Yu.M. Baturin. Moscow. RTSoft Publishing House, 2005. P. 133-138).

The following characteristics of the trolley are known. Length 2.18 m, width 0.99 m, height 0.81 m. Wheel diameter 41 cm, wheel thickness 10 cm (World manned space exploration. Edited by Yu.M. Baturin. Moscow. RTSoft Publishing House, 2005. C 135-138). The bogie's own weight on Earth is 90N, load capacity is 640N. Tires made of polyester cord are filled with gas under pressure up to 0.7-1.4 N/cm. The trolley could be rolled along the surface with an inclination of up to 20° (I.I. Cherkasov, V.V. Shvarev. Soil science of the Moon. Nauka Publishing House. Moscow. 1979. P. 101). Analog.

Under the conditions of a crushed stone surface, covered mainly with a sandy-dust layer of regolith with boulder inclusions and stones up to 1 m in diameter, an increased risk of abrasive wear of the contacting moving pairs is quite real, which directly relates to the cart under consideration. The results of the Apollo program show that three missions with Rover LRV confirmed that the lunar soil quickly disables any mechanisms and tools. MET was used in only one expedition, in two EVA missions, and its durability is uncertain (World manned cosmonautics. Edited by Yu.M. Baturin. Moscow. RTSoft Publishing House, 2005. P. 165).

Gas-filled MET wheels during operation can lose pressurization, which is very problematic to replenish.

These factors call into question the feasibility of using similar carts.

Thus, the disadvantages of analogs of the module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon are the complexity and inconvenience of operating the known trolley design.

Prototypes of the module and the method of its assembly have not been identified.

The task of the group of inventions is to create an assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the lunar surface and a method for assembling it.

The technical result of the group of inventions is the productivity and safety of the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut on the surface of the Moon contains two tubular closed supports in the form of trapezoids with rounded corners between the bases and sides, the lower bases of which serve as skids, and the upper ones serve as carriers for installing the panel by means of magnetic clamps , for which mandrels with ring magnets are installed on the reverse side of the panel, and on the upper bases of the supports with the help of clamps consisting of clips and covers, spherical yokes are reciprocally fixed, windows are formed in the panel, along the perimeter of which fabric containers are fixed, located on the reverse side of the panel , on the front side of the panel there are fabric curtains of containers with "contact" fasteners along the perimeter, and the curtains on one side are permanently attached to the panel, cutouts are made at the ends of the panel, forming handles coated with hook tape, along the perimeter the end of the panel is protected by a fabric eye ntovka.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the method of assembling an assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut on the surface of the Moon consists in the fact that, to perform the assembly, the panel is placed horizontally with the reverse side up, the yokes installed on the upper base of one support are oriented against the mandrels with ring magnets, they are brought together them and make connections, similarly orient the yokes of the second support against the mandrels with ring magnets, bring them together and make connections, install supports perpendicular to the panel, put the module on supports, place loads in containers and/or on the surface of the panel, close container shutters if necessary .

The design of the assistive support module and the way it is assembled is supported by the following considerations.

1. The design as a whole and element by element corresponds to the technical and ergonomic requirements for use by an astronaut in a spacesuit under excessive pressure in hypogravity conditions of 0.16g. The amount of mobility in the hinge-joints of the suit is taken into account, in particular, the lack of mobility in the lumbar region, which does not allow performing manipulations with the hands at the level below the knees; reduced tactile sensitivity of the palms and fingers leads to slipping and falling of objects on the ground. It is convenient for an astronaut to take or place an object, tool, device, at the level accepted in ordinary life for various purposes of tables, confirmed by centuries of use. Often tables have guards to prevent falling objects. Certain types of tables are equipped with rollers-wheels to facilitate movement.

2. In the disassembled state, the design of the support module is presented in the form of three flat assemblies, which corresponds to the minimization of the occupied volume in the transport position.

3. Assembly and preparation for use of the support module, in terms of ease of manipulation and speed, are available to an astronaut dressed in a space suit, for which it is necessary to orient the ring magnets and spherical yokes relative to each other, after which the connection is carried out automatically by the mutual attraction of the ring magnet and the spherical yoke.

Points 2 and 3 confirm the product's convertibility property.

4. The attraction force of the spherical yoke, and hence the separation, is experimentally estimated >38 kgf. The application of a lateral force exceeding the limit will lead to a plane-parallel relative displacement of the panel and supports or their mutual inclination, but there will be no breakage, as if they were fixed supports.

5. In fact, the magnetic lock is a spherical joint that allows you to change the track between the skids and reduce the height of the panel.

6. Dimensions of containers can be determined in relation to the composition of the instruments. By choosing the height of the containers, you can set the required clearance.

7. The position of the containers on the reverse side of the panel prevents the loss of the devices placed in them, but at the same time leaves the surface of the panel for placing objects on it.

8. The presence of handles at the ends of the panel will allow two crew members to lift, carry over an obstacle, etc. the entire structure.

9. The handles allow two astronauts to push or tow the support module, or both at the same time, or attach transport halyards to the handle.

10. An additional, but important function is evacuation, transportation of one of the crew members in case of loss of working capacity. For the possibility and convenience of placing an incapacitated crew member on the panel, by turning in the spherical hinges of one support, the panel can be tilted by 30 °; when the two supports are rotated by 60° each, and this is the permissible angle of rotation for the magnetic lock, the position of the table top in height is significantly reduced. Seat belts are provided for the safety of the "evacuee".

It is technically feasible to reduce the friction coefficient of skids and soil by coating the skids with fluoroplast-4MB, the unique antifriction properties of which and stability in space conditions have been confirmed by practice. A method for applying fluoroplastic coatings with high adhesive strength was developed at the GKNPTs named after V.I. M.V. Khrunichev. In support of this method, tribometric studies will be carried out with the aim of using fluoroplast-4MB coatings in spacecraft landing devices and their further towing (L.V. Derbenev et al. Studies of the adhesion properties of fluoroplast-4MB coatings // Materiologist of the XXXII Academic Lectures on Cosmonautics, Moscow , Jan - Feb 2008).

The device of the assistive support module is illustrated by the figures (Fig. 1-7).

The figure 1 shows the design of the assistive support module;

Figure 2 - view along arrow A;

Figure 3 - view along arrow B;

Figure 4 - fastening of the container and curtains;

Figure 5 - fastening edging;

The figure 6 - diagram of the transformation of the module to reduce the height of the panel;

On the figure 7 - the position of the astronaut in the process of evacuation.

Designation on the figures:

1 - panel;

2, 3 - support;

4, 5 - handle;

6 - edging;

7, 8, 11 - mandrel with ring magnet;

9, 10, 12 - yoke;

13, 16, 17 - clip;

14, 18, 19 - cover;

15 - container shutter;

20, 21, 22, 23 - container;

24 - glue;

25 - fastener "contact";

H - platform height during transportation;

h - height of the platform during loading for evacuation.

Structurally, the assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon (Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains tubular closed supports 2, 3 in the form of trapezoids with rounded corners between the bases and sides (for example, a rolled pipe 30x1; AMg2; OST 92002-83), the lower bases of which serve as skids, and the upper bases serve as carriers for installing panel 1 (for example, corrugated aluminum sheet 1.5; AMg5; GOST 21631-76) by means of magnetic clamps (Flight 1. 2010. P.30-36 ; RU 2708133, publ. 06.12.2019), for which mandrels with ring magnets 7, 8, 11 are installed on the reverse side of panel 1, and on the upper bases of supports 2, 3, using detachable clamps consisting of clips 13, 16, 17 and covers 14, 18, 19, spherical yokes 9, 10, 12 are reciprocally fixed, windows are formed in panel 1, along the perimeter of which fabric containers 20, 21, 22, 23 are fixed (for example, nylon fabric, art. 56260, orange, TU 8378-470-365450028-97; BF-4 glue; GOST 12172-74), having removed from the reverse side of the panel 1, on the front side of the panel 1 there are fabric curtains 15 containers 20, 21, 22, 23 made of the mentioned fabric with “contact” fasteners (TU 205.11.723-96), the curtains on one of the sides are permanently attached (Fig. . 4), cutouts are made in panel 1 along the extremities, forming handles 4, 5 with a coating (for example, hook tape, art. art.56260, orange, TU 8378-470-365450028-97; glue BF-4, GOST 12172-74).

The method for assembling an assistive module to support the subject-practical activity of an astronaut in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon consists in the following: to perform the assembly, panel 1 is placed horizontally with the reverse side up, yokes 9, 10, 12, mounted on the upper base of support 2, are oriented against mandrels with ring magnets 7, 8, 11, bring them closer and make connections, similarly orient the yokes of support 3 against the mandrels with ring magnets, bring them together and make connections, install supports 2, 3 perpendicular to panel 1, put the support module on supports 2, 3, place loads in containers 20, 21, 22, 23 and/or on the surface of the panel 1, if necessary, close the shutters of the containers 15.

The proposed module is used as follows: supports 2, 3 and panel 1 are unloaded from the lander, assembled according to the above steps, devices (for example, a penetrometer, video recorders, seismograph), sample ampoules, tools in a folded state are placed in containers and the module is moved supports on skids to one of the sampling points, perform actions in accordance with the program task: take samples within walking distance, use the panel as a tabletop to place samples during their examination, when placing them in transport containers, then in containers of the support module, tools in in the unfolded state, they are laid on the panels, the module is moved to the next sampling point.

The transformation of the module into the state for placement on panel 1 and evacuation of the "incapacitated" astronaut is carried out by the following actions (Fig. 6): supports 2, 3 are deflected from the vertical position by an angle of 60°, which reduces the height of panel 1 above the surface, and the "incapacitated" astronaut is placed on panel 1 (Fig. 7) they are fixed with safety straps (not shown in Fig.), supports 2, 3 are restored to a vertical position and movement is carried out.

Claims (2)

1. An assistive module for supporting the subject-practical activity of an astronaut on the surface of the Moon, containing two tubular closed supports in the form of trapezoids with rounded corners between the bases and sides, the lower bases of which serve as skids, and the upper ones serve as carriers for installing the panel by means of magnetic clamps made in the form mandrels with ring magnets installed on the reverse side of the panel, and on the upper bases of the supports with the help of clamps consisting of clips and covers, spherical yokes are reciprocally fixed, windows are formed in the panel, along the perimeter of which fabric containers are fixed, located on the reverse side of the panel and equipped with fabric curtains with "contact" clasps along the perimeter, permanently fixed on one side on the front side of the panel, while cutouts are made in the panel at the ends, forming handles coated with hook tape, and along the perimeter the end of the panel is protected by a fabric edging. 2. The method for assembling an assistive module to support the subject-practical activity of an astronaut on the surface of the Moon according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that to perform the assembly, the panel is placed horizontally with the reverse side up, the yokes installed on the upper base of one support are oriented against mandrels with ring magnets , bring them closer and make connections, similarly orient the yokes of the second support against the mandrels with ring magnets, bring them together and make connections, install supports perpendicular to the panel, put the module on supports, place loads in containers and/or on the surface of the panel, close the curtains if necessary containers.

Images