RU2783162C1 - Method for rapid detection and group identification of the type of aggressive chemicals on the surface of objects and kit for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of analytical chemistry, namely, to rapid detection of aggressive chemicals on the surface of objects. Method is implemented by consecutively spraying four indicator formulations on alkaline, acidic, and oxidative substances, derivatives of dimethylhydrazine and ammonia, from a distance of 10 to 15 cm on various areas of the tested surface of the object. The combination of exhibited indicative effects from the four aerosol apparatus is used to make a conclusion on the presence of one of the four types of aggressive chemicals, ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, and nitric or concentrated sulphuric acid. Kit for the implemention of the method comprises four aerosol apparatus with indicator formulations, four replacement sprayer pumps, and a set of filters, contained in a plastic case.

EFFECT: possibility of rapid detection and identification of the type of contaminant, higher convenience of operation, storage, handling, placement, access, and application of aerosol apparatus, term of operability of the aerosol apparatus, illustrative value of the indication effect, and possibility of reusing the aerosol apparatus.

2 cl, 11 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of analytical chemistry, namely, rapid detection and identification of the type of contamination of surfaces of objects with aggressive chemicals.

State of the art

A known method for detecting substances of an acidic and alkaline nature using indicator papers and tickets.

The disadvantage of this method is that papers and tickets allow detection only directly at the point of their contact with the surface being examined. This requires direct contact of the operator with the analyzed surface, it is impossible to detect the contamination of surfaces to which the access of the operator's hand is limited.

Known methods for determining the quality of disinfectant formulations of an oxidizing nature in solutions using indicator papers (G01N 31/22, G01N 21/78, patent No. 2123182 "Indicator for the semiquantitative determination of active chlorine in disinfectant solutions of bleach and sodium and calcium hypochlorites").

Indicator papers and indicator wipes of the Dezikont-chlor type can be used for the qualitative determination of traces of chlorine-containing disinfectants on the surfaces of medical and food equipment and on the walls of premises after disinfection. However, the modes of their use for this purpose have not yet been worked out; before detection, they must be wetted with water, which makes it necessary to equip them with an additional dropper. The performance of indicator wipes is maintained only at temperatures above plus 5°C. Their shelf life in the sales package is 12 months, and in the opened package they should be used within no more than 3 days.

Napkins "Dezikont-chlor" are strips of base paper 50 × 50 mm in size, impregnated with an indicator composition and packed in 1, 3, 5 or 10 pieces. in metallized film bags. The sensitivity of the indicator cloth is 5 mg/l for active chlorine. The determination of traces of disinfectants is carried out visually by the appearance of a pale pink to brown color of the indicator cloth after contact with the surface to be checked. To carry out the detection, the napkin must first be moistened with water, and then wiped with its examined surface.

Napkins are manufactured by SPF "VINAR" in accordance with TU 2642-031-11764404-2003. Warranty period of storage of napkins is 12 months. Storage conditions: at a temperature from plus 5 to plus 40°C, relative humidity 80%, excluding direct sunlight, exposure to chemical vapors, water, precipitation. Transportation at a temperature of minus 15°C is allowed.

The disadvantage of this method is that the strip of paper can be used once, it is required to wet the paper with the test solution, which does not exclude the possibility of the contaminated sample getting on clothes and skin, it is difficult to work with such strips with gloves.

Known indicator composition and method for rapid detection of substances of an oxidizing nature, which allows detection on horizontal, inclined and vertical surfaces, based on the application of the indicator formulation by irrigating the analyzed surface using an aerosol device.

Using this method, it is possible to detect the completeness of disinfection of surfaces after at least 0.5 hours after disinfection by the appearance of an indicator effect - blue coloration of the object. The presence of an oxidizing chemical is judged by the characteristic change in the color of the indicator on the surface of the object being examined in accordance with the standard on the label of the aerosol device (patent RU 2436082 C2, class G01N 31/22, publ. 10.12.2011, patent RU 2568585 C2, class G01N 31/22, published 11/20/2015).

There is a method for express detection of aggressive chemicals on the surfaces of objects, which consists in spraying indicator formulations onto the surface of an object using aerosol devices made in the form of a sealed housing filled with a reagent and a spray pump, while the presence of an aggressive chemical is judged by a characteristic change coloring of the indicator on the surface of the examined object in accordance with the standard on the label of the aerosol device (patent RU 2563838 C1, class G01N 31/22, publ.: 20.09.2015, Bull. No. 26). The method allows the detection of aggressive chemicals on horizontal, inclined and vertical surfaces.

In this method, to detect aggressive chemicals on the surface of an object, aerosol spraying of indicator formulations onto the analyzed surface was used, carried out by successively spraying four indicator formulations on alkaline substances, acidic substances, dimethylhydrazine and ammonia derivatives and oxidizing agents from a distance of 10-15 centimeters to various sections of the surface of the object being examined using aerosol devices made in the form of a sealed housing filled with an indicator formulation and a spray pump, while the indicator formulations were sprayed in the form of a monodisperse aerosol, 0.5–1 wt. % solution of the phenolphthalein indicator in ethyl alcohol, 0.05-0.1 wt. % solution of each individually or a mixture of two indicators of methyl red and methyl yellow in a volume ratio of 1: 1 in ethyl alcohol, to detect weak organic acids such as acetic acid, 0.05-0.1 wt. % solution of 4-diethylaminoazobenzene in ethyl alcohol, 10-20 wt. % solution of cobalt (II) acetate in distilled water, to detect oxidizing agents, a solution in mass percent was used: potassium iodide - 0.1-0.4; starch pre-treated by heating to a temperature of 190°C in glycerol for 0.5 hours with periodic sampling for dissolution in cold water until starch does not precipitate - 0.1-0.3; glycerin - 5-20; acetic acid - 0.3-1.5; sodium acetate trihydrate - 0.4-3; distilled water - up to 100, and the method did not allow for express identification of the type of aggressive chemical.

This method was chosen as a prototype.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to eliminate the disadvantages of the above methods, in particular, the loss of operability of aerosol devices due to the failure of spray pumps, the lack of the possibility of group identification of the type of aggressive chemicals, the short shelf life of the indicator formulation for oxidizing substances, the absence ease of carrying, storage and speed of use of aerosol devices.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed method, due to the application of the developed algorithm, provides the possibility of group identification of the type of aggressive chemicals, significantly (2 or more times) increases the shelf life of the indicator formulation for oxidizing substances, the use of a plastic case with special-design lodgements provides convenience carrying, storage and quick use of aerosol devices, and the introduction of four spare spray pumps into the case allows you to maintain the performance of the kit in case of failure of the spray pumps installed in aerosol devices.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of express detection and group identification of the type of pollutant, improving the convenience of working, storing, carrying, placing, accessing and using four aerosol devices, the service life of aerosol devices, the visibility of the indication effect and the reusability of aerosol devices (hereinafter AU) .

This technical result is achieved by the fact that if the type of pollutant is known, only the appropriate aerosol device is used to detect acidic, alkaline, oxidizing substances or dimethylhydrazine derivatives. To detect alkaline substances, 0.5-1 wt. % solution of the phenolphthalein indicator in ethyl alcohol, 0.05-0.1 wt. % solution of each individually or a mixture of two indicators of methyl red and methyl yellow in a 1: 1 volume ratio in ethyl alcohol, to detect weak organic acids such as acetic, 0.05-0.1 wt. %) solution of 4-diethylaminoazobenzene in ethyl alcohol, 10-20 wt. % solution of cobalt (II) acetate in distilled water, to detect oxidizing agents use a solution in mass percent: potassium iodide - 0.1-0.4; starch - 0.1-0.3; glycerin - 5-20; acetic acid - 0.3-1.5; sodium acetate trihydrate - 0.4-3; distilled water - up to 100.

The experimental storage of the formulation for oxidizing substances, pre-treated by heating to a temperature of 190 ° C in glycerol for 0.5 hours with periodic sampling for dissolution in cold water until no starch precipitates, (prototype composition) showed that when carried out processing improves the solubility of starch in water, but the shelf life of the prepared indicator formulation is reduced. The processed indicator recipe for oxidizing agents lost its indication properties after 2 years of storage, and the recipe without heat treatment offered by us, despite the formation of a small amount of precipitate that does not interfere with detection, retains its indication properties for at least 4 years.

If the type of pollutant is not known for express detection and group identification of the type of pollutant on the surfaces of objects, sequential detection is carried out using four aerosol devices with indicator formulations for alkaline, acidic, oxidizing products and dimethylhydrazine derivatives.

Group identification of one of the four types of pollutants is carried out by a combination of emerging indicator effects from four aerosol devices.

The need to develop a method for express detection and group identification of all these four types of aggressive chemicals is due to the fact that spilling these chemicals can lead to chemical burns for working personnel, and mixing acids with alkalis, oxidizing agents with reducing agents can lead to explosions and fires. Therefore, the joint storage of these substances is unacceptable. The need for group identification of the type of contamination of object surfaces with aggressive chemicals is also due to the choice of appropriate degassing formulations for their special treatment (degassing).

To implement this method, a kit design has been developed in the form of a case of a special design with indicator means placed in it - four aerosol devices for alkaline (AU-2), acidic (AU-3), oxidizing (AU-6) substances and derivatives of dimethylhydrazine and ammonia (AU-5) with an additional four spray pumps and a set of filters.

The capacity of the used aerosol devices (100 ml) ensures at least 50 object contamination detections with one charge.

Additional spray pumps are used to replace failed ones, which makes it possible to extend the service life of the kit in case of failure of spray pumps installed in aerosol devices.

The set of filters is used for rapid detection and group identification of the type of pollutant on painted surfaces, when detection directly on the surface is contaminated. In this case, using a filter, samples are taken from the painted surface by wiping it, followed by spraying the indicator formulation onto this filter.

The special design of the case provides convenient storage, carrying, placement, access and use of four aerosol devices.

Brief description of the drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the appearance of the case in the open position without accessories.

The case for placement and transportation of aerosol devices is characterized by:

- composition of composite elements: hollow body 1 with top cover 2 and bottom 3;

- the formation of a hollow body 1 by four side faces 4, 5, 6 and 7, on the top cover 2 and the bottom 3;

- the presence of two fasteners 8, providing attachment of the lid to the bottom and opening the lid;

- the presence in the middle of the top cover and the bottom of the handles 9, 10 and recesses in the shape of an ellipse 11, 12 for ease of carrying the case;

- the presence on the sides of the bottom of two ledges 13 of a rectangular shape, and on the top cover opposite them two plastic locks 14, which serve to securely lock the case in the stowed position;

- the presence in the foam insert on the inner surface of the top cover in the center of a recess in the form of a circle and a rectangle intersecting at a right angle to accommodate a set of filters 15, on the sides on four sides of identical recesses in the form of two rectangular planes 16 intersecting at a right angle, one of them has two smaller and larger planes to accommodate four spare spray pumps, and a second plane for easy removal;

- the presence of a recess at the rear wall of the roof, made in the form of a horizontal line 17, which is crossed by two rectangular planes that serve to facilitate the placement and extraction of polyethylene tubes of spare spray pumps;

- the presence in the foam insert on the inner surface of the bottom of four recesses for accommodating four aerosol devices 18, each of the recesses is made in the form of two rectangular cavities of smaller and larger sizes in accordance with the dimensions of the spray pump and the bottle of the aerosol device, and on the border of these planes there is a large the plane is crossed at a right angle by another smaller plane, which serves to facilitate the removal of the aerosol device.

In FIG. 2 shows an aerosol device for detecting aggressive alkaline chemicals (front and rear view), FIG. 3 - the nature of the indication effect from aggressive chemicals of an alkaline nature, in Fig. 4 - an aerosol device for detecting aggressive chemicals of an acidic nature (front and rear view), in Fig. 5 - the nature of the indication effect from aggressive chemicals of an acidic nature, in FIG. Fig. 6 - aerosol device for the detection of aggressive reducing agents (derivatives of dimethylhydrazine, UDMH, ammonia, etc. (front and rear view), Fig. 7 - the nature of the indication effect from derivatives of hydrazine, UDMH, ammonia, Fig. 8 - aerosol device for detecting aggressive chemicals of an oxidizing nature (front and rear view), Fig. 9 - the nature of the indication effect from aggressive chemicals of an oxidizing nature, Fig. 10 shows a case for placing aerosol devices in the closed position (front view), Fig. 11 - case for placing aerosol devices in the open position.

Implementation of the invention

A method for express detection and group identification of the type of aggressive chemicals on the surface of objects and a kit for its implementation are claimed.

1. Express identification of the type of aggressive chemical on the surface of objects is carried out by successively spraying four indicator formulations on alkaline substances, acidic substances, dimethylhydrazine and ammonia derivatives and oxidizing agents from a distance of 10-15 centimeters to various parts of the surface of the object being examined using aerosol devices , made in the form of a sealed housing filled with an indicator formulation, and a spray pump, while spraying the indicator formulation is carried out in the form of a monodisperse aerosol; for the detection of alkaline, acidic, oxidative, dimethylhydrazine and ammonia derivatives, the formulations given above are used, and the presence of one of the four types of aggressive chemicals is judged by a combination of emerging indicator effects from four aerosol devices.

2. A kit for express detection and group identification of the type of aggressive chemical on the surfaces of objects, characterized in that in order to ensure ease of carrying, use of the kit for its intended purpose, repeated use, and increase the shelf life; it is made in the form of a case with specially designed lodgements and contains four aerosol devices with indicator formulations for alkaline, acidic, oxidizing substances and dimethylhydrazine derivatives, four spare spray pumps and a set of filters necessary to detect contamination on painted surfaces.

The capacity of the used aerosol devices ensures their repeated use for their intended purpose.

An example of the proposed method

If the type of surface contamination is known, then one appropriate aerosol device is used to detect the established type of aggressive chemicals (AHC). If the type of pollution is not known, then detection is carried out sequentially by all four aerosol devices on different parts of the surface being examined. The conclusion about the nature of pollution is made in accordance with the recommendations given in the table below.

Thus, the appearance of an indication effect only from AC-2 on the surface also indicates the presence of alkaline products.

The appearance of an indication effect only from AC-5 indicates the presence of dimethylhydrazine derivatives.

When an indication effect appears simultaneously from the AU-2 and AU-5 aerosol devices, it means the presence of an ammonia compound on the surface.

The appearance of an indication effect only from AC-3 indicates contamination of the surface of the object with acidic products (hydrochloric, acetic, phosphoric, dilute sulfuric acids, etc.).

The presence of an indication effect from AC-6 indicates surface contamination with oxidative products (chlorine, bromine, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, etc., with the exception of nitric and concentrated sulfuric acid).

When an indication effect appears simultaneously from AU-3 and AU-6, the surface is contaminated with nitric or concentrated sulfuric acid.

The relevance of the proposed method and kit for its implementation is due to the fact that in the proposed configuration they provide multiple express detection and group identification of all types of aggressive chemicals on the surface of objects, replacing several different sets of indicator means for detecting individual types of chemical agents.

This also ensures the convenience of placing components, storing, transporting and using the kit, as well as expanding the operating temperature range and multiple use of the kit to detect the type of surface contamination of objects with aggressive chemicals compared to analogues.

Claims (2)

1. The method of express detection of aggressive chemicals on the surface of objects, carried out by successive spraying of four indicator formulations on them: for alkaline, acidic, oxidizing substances, dimethylhydrazine and ammonia derivatives from a distance of 10-15 centimeters to various parts of the surface of the object being examined using aerosol devices made in the form of a sealed housing filled with an indicator formulation and a spray pump, while spraying the indicator formulation is carried out in the form of a monodisperse aerosol, a 0.5-1 wt.% solution of the phenolphthalein indicator in ethyl alcohol is used to detect alkaline substances, for detection of acidic substances use a 0.05-0.1 wt.% solution of each separately or a mixture of two indicators of methyl red and methyl yellow in a volume ratio of 1: 1 in ethyl alcohol, to detect weak organic acids such as acetic, use 0.05- 0.1 mass% pa a solution of 4-diethylaminoazobenzene in ethyl alcohol, for the detection of derivatives of dimethylhydrazine and ammonia, a 10-20 wt.% solution of cobalt (II) acetate in distilled water is used, for the detection of oxidizing agents, a mass percent solution is used: potassium iodide - 0.1-0.4 ; starch - 0.1-0.3; glycerin - 5-20; acetic acid - 0.3-1.5; sodium acetate trihydrate - 0.4-3; distilled water - up to 100, characterized in that the group identification of the type of aggressive chemical, as well as the identification of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide and nitric or concentrated sulfuric acid is carried out according to a combination of emerging indicator effects from four aerosol devices on alkaline substances, acidic substances, derivatives dimethylhydrazine and ammonia and oxidizing agents. 2. A kit for express detection and group identification of the type of aggressive chemical on the surface of objects by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a plastic case with lodgements and contains four aerosol devices with indicator formulations for alkaline, acidic, oxidizing agents and derivatives of dimethylhydrazine and ammonia, four spare spray pumps and a set of filters necessary for detection, group identification of the type of aggressive chemical, as well as identification of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide and nitric or concentrated sulfuric acid on painted surfaces.

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