RU2781236C1 - Electronic glasses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: glasses.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic glasses and to a system for suppressing bright light. Claimed system for improving visibility by suppressing bright light comprises: glasses for the wearer with at least one eye, containing: at least one eyeglass lens; wherein said at least one eyeglass lens comprises a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmittance whereof can be changed by the corresponding control tool; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is configured for the transmittance (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) to be switched between high transmission and low transmission states. Also comprises a tool for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmittance state (T_on) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); at least one sensor (IL, IR) for measuring the brightness of visible light incident thereon; wherein said at least one sensor (IL, IR) is located on the eyeglass lens on the side of the eye; wherein said at least one sensor (IL, IR) measures the brightness through said at least one eyeglass lens. Also comprises a managing circuit (MC) with feedback for adjusting the transmittance of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the adjustment tool is configured for the duration of the high transmittance state (T_on) to be shortened as bright light increases; wherein the set value of brightness on the eye of the wearer of the glasses is preset; wherein the managing circuit uses the brightness measured by the sensor as the current value. Also comprises a display containing: a tool for controlling the illumination durations and the display light intensity for illumination during the high transmittance state (T_on) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the time integral of the product of the display light intensity and the transmittance (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) remains constant within the preset tolerance level after the durations of the high transmittance state (T_on) are changed.

EFFECT: creation of systems for improving visibility for the wearer of glasses in various conditions.

20 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to electronic glasses and a system for suppressing bright light.

State of the art

The intensity of the light passing through the light modulator can be electrically controlled using a variety of commercially available liquid crystal cells (TN, STN, Fe-LC, etc.) in such a way that at least two states are achieved, namely, transparent transparent or impenetrable dark - as is the case with currently popular glasses for 3D television or cinema (the so-called "shutter glasses").

In accordance with this basic idea, already in the 60s of the last century, attempts were made to develop "electronic sunglasses" in order to offer the owner of such glasses the possibility of adjusting the transmission.

Some well-known electronic sunglasses operate with a simple control (instead of regulation), i.e. the photosensors are outside the glasses, so that only the brightness of the light falling on the glasses from the outside is measured (see, for example, US 5,172,256 or DE 102012217326 A1). Therefore, the characteristic line, based only on the experimental values, appropriately switches the liquid crystal diode to light or dark.

In addition, there are often only a few sensors, the direction of reception of which is also not specific (the sensors are directed forward or towards the sky). This often leads to completely wrong, and even opposite, responses of the glasses. For example, if the wearer looks into a dark viewing area (dark corner), while at the same time the glasses are exposed to a diffuse beam of sunlight (due to random reflections from objects or moving leaves in the forest, which have a fine dark structure), the LC cell is dark, although in reality it should be bright, since the wearer needs to see the dark area.

Electronic glare suppression systems designed to improve visibility have been known for over 80 years (see, for example, US 2,066,680 A). In this 1934 patent, light from headlights is modulated into a rectangular signal (on the time axis) by rotating mechanical diaphragms or plate-shaped disks ("modulators"), while a completely identical diaphragm or plate-shaped disk does exactly the same in front of the user's field of view (viewing window), i.e. exactly with the same frequency and phase position, and the environment is perceived by the user synchronously with the modulated headlights.

If the viewing window of the user, for example, is closed for 50% of the time (pulse/pause ratio = 1:1), 50% of the unwanted light (eg, low intensity sunlight) is suppressed and the visibility of the observed object is improved.

Later, electronically controlled light modulators replaced mechanical light modulators, in particular in the form of liquid crystal cells, while light sources also became much faster and easier to control electronically (see, for example, DE 101 34 770 A1, DE 2 001 086 A WO 2013/143 998 A2).

The aim of the invention is to provide systems that provide improved visibility for the wearer of glasses in various conditions.

This goal is achieved by the subject of the invention according to the independent claims. Advantageous further improvements to the subject matter of the independent claims are described in the dependent claims. In this document, the wording of all claims is incorporated into the content of the present description by reference.

The sections below describe various aspects that solve the problem or contribute to its solution. One of skill in the art will appreciate that nearly all of these various aspects may be combined with one another.

Eyetracker

To achieve this goal, the owner is offered glasses with at least one glass. The spectacles contain at least one spectacle lens, wherein said at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. In addition, the goggles contain an eye tracker that can determine the viewing direction of the eye. In addition, there is at least one sensor for measuring the brightness of visible light incident on it, while the sensor is located on the spectacle lens on the side of the eye, due to which the brightness can be measured through the specified at least one spectacle lens, and

- an imaging system with a camera, or

- at least three sensors overlaying the coordinate system, or

- compound eye.

The electronic compound eye consists of a large number of individual eyes, similar to the term "ommatidia" used in biology to describe the compound eye of flying insects, but consists of electrical photosensors, which are again located at the lower end of the light-conducting funnels (without lenses), or, respectively, microlenses located above or a combination of both options (funnel and microlenses) (see, for example, EP 0813079 A2).

Said at least one sensor can determine the brightness of visible light based on the viewing direction of the eye determined by the eye tracker.

The glasses may also include a feedback control circuit for adjusting the transmission of the liquid crystal cell, wherein a set value is set for the brightness on the eye, and the control circuit uses the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value.

With such glasses, the brightness can be quickly and accurately matched to the bright light coming from the glasses wearer's current viewing direction, for example, when a car driver is approaching another car, or when a driver is driving into or out of a tunnel on a sunny day.

However, at present, in view of hyperminiaturization and "wearable electronics", it seems possible to implement such powerful and safe systems for improving visibility through miniaturized electronics, which can also be easily and simply integrated into glasses.

In order to expand the scope of the glasses, it is recommended not to adjust the transmittance of the liquid crystal cell of the glasses to a suitable brightness scale, but to switch the glasses from the light transmission mode to the light blocking mode in the shortest possible sequence. In order for the human eye to perceive this switching as weakly as possible, the cycle (period) of the pass mode and the block mode should last a maximum of one twenty-fourth (1/24) second.

Such systems work especially reliably when a person does not perceive the regulation at all, i.e. when operating with cycle times exceeding the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFM) of approximately 60 Hz.

In order to achieve this, the liquid crystal cell must be designed such that it can change its transmission from 90% to 10% and from 10% to 90% within a maximum of 10 ms.

If such a liquid crystal cell is used, the transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states. To this end, means must be provided to control or regulate the duration of the high and low transmission states of the liquid crystal cell, as well as the change between these two states. The regulation or feedback control circuit is suitably designed such that the high pass state durations become shorter (pulse width modulation, PWM) as the brightness of the visible light incident on said at least one sensor increases.

The control is even more precise and even gentler on the eyes of the spectacle wearer if the control circuitry is designed such that it can take into account the user-specific eye/retina sensitivity curve for judging brightness when determining brightness based on the viewing direction of the eye.

The user-specific eye/retina sensitivity curve takes into account, for example, the age of the spectacle wearer, other general and/or individual eye-specific parameters, in particular with respect to the angle of incidence, but also with respect to other technical variables for light that influence perception, such as brightness , light source distance or light intensity or light saturation (light flux to steradian angle), illuminance level, their respective absolute magnitudes such as eye threshold, light flux, interferer size (point versus surface), color or the spectral distribution of the source and how it changes with time, eye pre-setting (photopic versus scotopic vision, etc.).

These sensitivity curves can be determined heuristically and logically, but they are usually determined empirically, as used and analyzed in the paper: Douglas Mace, Philip Garvey, Richard J. Porter, Richard Schwab and Werner Adrian: “Counter-measures for Reducing the Effects of Headlight Glare"; Prepared for: The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington DC, December 2001

The above human eye sensitivity curves are stored as evaluation coefficients in various tables (lookup table - LUT) or as a calculated formula - at least in such a way that in a feedback control circuit in a system containing an internal sensor, a microcontroller and a predetermined value , these evaluation coefficients are included in real time in the setting signal for setting the transmission of the liquid crystal cell.

For example, the formula developed by Adrian and Bhanji (Adrian, W. and Bhanji, A. (1991) "Fundamentals of disability glare. A formula to describe stray light in the eye as a function of the glare angle and age." Proceedings of the first international Bright Light Control Symposium, Orlando, FL, pp. 185-194) to determine "impossible visibility and distinguishability of objects in the case of blinding bright light", takes into account the dependence on the angle of incidence of light on the eye, which gradually loses the ability to recognize.

Example: If the incident light is exactly perpendicular to the eye, the bright light is the largest (maximum value in the evaluation formula). After the eyetracker determines the direction of observation (vector ET(x,y,z)), and the internal sensor and/or external sensor determines the direction of the incident light (vector of bright light (x,y,z)), the microcontroller can check whether these two vectors are collinear, i.e. equally directed, and therefore estimate the maximum value in the above evaluation curve. For example, if the evaluation curve is stored as a LUT, then the latter is moved back and forth in the microcontroller memory accordingly, depending on the eye movement direction vector ET(x,y,z). If it is stored as a formula, then the vector is converted to an angle appropriately.

As a result, sensitivity curves no longer have to be made in the form of special pre-lenses (eg separate free-form plastic lenses) that "evaluate" the light appropriately before it reaches the photosensor. You can do without load-rated lenses, or even moving lenses that mimic retinal sensitivity, since everything is clearly presented in the software, while all the sensors are hard-wired.

The fact that the spectacles have a frame that covers the eye associated with at least one spectacle lens in an opaque manner against ambient light is particularly suitable for the eye and as a result provides particularly precise adjustment.

It has been confirmed that setting the control circuit setpoint to an average brightness in the range of 20 to 400 lux (lx) is particularly suitable for the eye. This value makes it possible to adjust to a brightness that is constant to the wearer's eye when the ambient brightness changes from very bright to a predetermined value, or vice versa, for example, when a car enters or exits a tunnel on a summer day. At such a time, said changes in brightness or illumination intensity may be a factor of 1000 or even more. The wearer of the glasses is not subjected to these extremely rapid fluctuations in brightness. The latter are always balanced by the score control.

A common use case is entering a dark tunnel or dark shaded area (forest, etc.) on a bright sunny day. Since the target value set here during the day corresponds to dark sunglasses, the eye is always adapted to the dark and prepared from the start, so that after entering the dark zone, it only needs that the spectacle lens be adjusted in real time in order to be more clear and clean (open) to enable immediate viewing in the dark. The dark adaptation time of the human eye required without these glasses is about 30 seconds, while in this way it is reduced to a fraction of a second (for example, 10 ms), so that a person can see in the dark immediately. Exactly the opposite happens after exiting the tunnel and into the light again.

Additional control options, described below, become available if the spectacle lens has at least one additional brightness sensor located on the side of the glasses far from the eye (external sensor) to determine the brightness of ambient light.

For example, thereafter, the setpoint of the control circuit can be changed depending on the brightness of the surrounding light, such change of the setpoint is at least ten times slower than the transmission control of the liquid crystal cell, and therefore must be performed so that the eyeglass wearer's eye can easily adapt to this change.

In the event of sudden changes in brightness, the glasses must respond within 10ms to one second in such a way that the liquid crystal cell (LC) enters a low transmission state.

In emergency situations, such as the so-called "blinding glare", in which the wearer of the glasses cannot read or see anything (see above), i.e. when there is excessively strong bright light exactly perpendicular to the eye (degrees below zero), as when looking directly at the sun, the glasses completely close, i.e. become completely black.

Such control is not decisive in the sense that it does not matter whether a person sees nothing due to excessive bright light or because the glasses are darkened to black; however, the latter state has the advantage that the eye remains protected and remains dark adapted.

After a period of time or a change in the direction of the wearer's gaze, the glasses then slowly return to the light state.

The glare suppression control is even more accurate when the goggles contain two goggle lenses for the wearer's two eyes, and one eye sensor on each goggle lens to measure the brightness of the visible light hitting the respective eye. Thereafter, the control can be performed separately for each eye using the control circuit for each spectacle lens.

An increase in the range of brightness/contrast can be achieved with these glasses if the set values for the two eyes deviate from each other by a value between 1% and 60%. In practice, typical values for right-left deviations range from 5% to 30%. By analogy with photography with a high dynamic range (English - "High Dynamic Range", HDR), in this document, reference may be made to "HDR vision".

Previously, such systems were available in theory, but only now, thanks to the availability of extremely fast modulators and very fast processors, intelligent and safety-relevant multi-channel real-time control systems can be implemented to improve visibility, while the left and right eyes are separated. and/or multiple users may be included for group use cases.

To ensure this, the brightness control of the visible light incident on one eye must be taken into account when controlling the brightness of the other eye.

The goggles can also be combined with a light source located on the side of the goggles away from the eye. Thereafter, the light source is appropriately controlled depending on the viewing direction of the glasses wearer. In this way, it is possible to prevent the darkening caused by the overlapping glasses to prevent glare. For example, four light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be provided, one at each corner of the eye.

The eye tracker then determines which of the four LEDs should be activated depending on the viewing direction - either just one LED in the viewing direction when looking outwards up/down - or two LEDs corresponding to the viewing direction - or all four LEDs when looking straight ahead.

Additional features:

Instead of or in addition to the four hard-mounted LEDs in the corners of a pair of goggles, any other lights/headlights can also be controlled in the direction of view using an eye tracker.

To this end, these lamps can be articulated electromechanically, similar to an electronic articulated curve light for cars, or in the case of 3-axis surveillance cameras, or in the case of freely moving hand-held systems that can be controlled by electronic or massive gimbals (gimbals). fixed cam method) which maintain their own coordinate system with respect to land or water, and about which the head lamp can then be rotated in the direction of observation.

Thus, all types of LED headlights on all types of supports can be considered: car, helmet, bicycle, motorcycle, arm, shoulder, body, gun, etc.

This is especially effective when illumination durations and light intensity from the light source are controlled such that the light source shines during the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell. In this case, the time integral of the product of the light intensity of the light source and the transmission of the liquid crystal cell must remain constant within a predetermined tolerance after changing the durations of the high transmission state.

Such a source of flashing light can be, for example, a headlight of a car, which always illuminates the driver's road and the environment at a constant brightness, while bright light from oncoming vehicles is effectively avoided by overlapping the goggles. However, in the context described herein, other types of headlights such as bicycle lights, helmet lamps, flashlights can also be used.

Because the brightness detected from external headlights or headlights from oncoming vehicles always remains constant under given conditions, no matter how the pulse/pause ratio is adjusted, such a vehicle headlight can be easily replaced in the context of a replacement strategy, or additional headlights purchased in the context of ancillary equipment strategy.

Now it is only possible to realize such powerful and safe vision enhancement systems with powerful white light and/or RGB LED/laser.

In addition to vehicle headlights, the following are also assumed as light sources:

- a light source for illuminating a person, an optical sensor or a camera, and/or

- a display on the side of the spectacle lens away from the eye, and/or

- a display on a spectacle lens on the side of the eye, and/or

- glass display

For example, as displays on the side of a spectacle lens facing away from the eye, a smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, in-cab display, etc. can be considered.

For example, a 'Google Glass' or 'Virtual Reality' ('Augmented Reality') headset display may be used on the spectacle lens on the side of the eye.

HUDs include a variety of displays, some of which are on the eye side of the goggles, some outside of the goggles, such as a helmet-mounted display. They are united by the fact that a person can look through them, and the display on the glass displays additional information.

All of these displays can be considered in relation to the method described above against the sun or other sources of blinding bright light.

The system can be excellently combined with systems and methods used for self-light detection, as described below.

In the following, the individual steps of the method are described in more detail. The steps do not have to be performed in the specified order, and the described method may also include additional steps that are not listed.

The object is also achieved by a method for controlling the brightness of visible light incident on at least one eye, comprising the following steps:

1. Providing eyeglasses containing: at least one eyeglass lens, and said at least one eyeglass lens contains a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which can be changed by a suitable control means.

2. Eye tracker (ET) to determine the direction of observation of the eye.

3. Provided at least one sensor (IL, IR) to measure the brightness of visible light incident on the sensor, and the specified at least one sensor (IL, IR) is located on the spectacle lens from the side of the eye; moreover, the specified at least one sensor (IL, IR) measures the brightness through the specified at least one spectacle lens; moreover, the specified at least one sensor (IL, IR) contains: an imaging system with a camera, or at least three sensors that overlay the coordinate system, or a compound eye; moreover, the specified at least one sensor (IL, IR) determines the brightness of the visible light that falls on it from the viewing direction of the eye, determined by the eye tracker (ET).

4. A feedback control circuit (MC) is provided for controlling the transmission of a liquid crystal cell (LC), wherein a set value for eye brightness is predetermined; wherein the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value.

Improving the readability of the display device

To achieve this goal, a system for improving visibility while suppressing bright light is also proposed. This system contains:

- spectacles for the wearer having at least one eye containing

- at least one spectacle lens, and said at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cell is configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states. In this regard, the glasses also contain a corresponding means for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

In addition, the spectacles contain at least one sensor for measuring the brightness of visible light incident on them, said at least one sensor being located on the spectacle lens on the side of the eye and measuring the brightness passing through the spectacle lens.

The feedback control circuit controls the transmission of the liquid crystal cell. The control is carried out in such a way that the durations of the high transmission state become shorter as the brightness of the light increases (pulse width modulation, PWM). A set value is set for the brightness for the wearer's eye, with the control circuit taking the brightness measured by the sensor as the current value.

In addition, the system includes a display and means for controlling illumination durations and display light intensity for illumination during a high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell. In this case, the time integral of the product of the light intensity of the display and the transmission of the liquid crystal cell remains constant as the durations of the high transmission state change within a predetermined tolerance.

If, for example, the brightness of the ambient light is doubled, the system responds on the one hand by dividing the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell into two, whereby the increased glare is effectively compensated. At the same time, the illumination time of the display is shortened and its light intensity is doubled. As a result, the brightness of the display perceived by the wearer of the glasses remains unchanged.

All of these processes of switching the transmission of the liquid crystal cell and turning the display on and off must occur at such a frequency and speed that the wearer of the glasses does not feel bright light or other tangible effects. This means that all effects potentially perceived by the wearer must be at least 24 Hz, preferably at least 60 Hz.

In particular, the following are considered as displays:

- a display on the side of the spectacle lens away from the eye, and/or

- a display on a spectacle lens on the side of the eye, and/or

- glass display

As displays on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the eye, a smartphone, tablet, laptop computer, in-cab display, etc., or a display on glass (HUD) can be considered.

For example, a display on a spectacle lens on the side of the eye can be a display of a Google Glass headset or a "virtual reality" ("augmented reality") headset.

All of these displays can be considered in relation to the described method, even in the case of strong solar radiation or even in the case of direct bright sunlight as background light.

Preferably, the goggles include an eye tracker that can determine the viewing direction of the eye. In this case, said at least one sensor comprises:

- an imaging system with a camera, or

at least three sensors overlaying the coordinate system;

- compound eye.

The electronic compound eye consists of a large number of individual eyes, similar to the term "ommatidia" used in biology to describe the compound eye of flying insects, but consists of electrical photosensors, which are again located at the lower end of the light-conducting funnels (without lenses), or, respectively, located in front of the microlenses, or combinations of both (funnel and microlenses) (see, for example, EP 0813079 A2).

Said at least one sensor may determine the brightness of visible light in the viewing direction of the eye, which may be determined by the eye tracker. Thereafter, the control circuit may use the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value.

With such glasses, the brightness can be adjusted quickly and accurately to the bright light coming from the current viewing direction of the wearer of the glasses, for example, when a car driver is approaching another car and whether the driver is looking in the direction of an oncoming vehicle or not. Since the presentation on the display is always adapted to the glare suppression performed by the glasses, the readability of the display never deteriorates.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

Coding

The goal is also achieved by a system to improve visibility by suppressing glare. The system contains:

- spectacles for the wearer having at least one eye containing

- at least one spectacle lens;

- moreover, the specified at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means;

wherein the liquid crystal cell is configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states.

In addition, the glasses contain means for controlling the duration of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

In addition, the system comprises a light source comprising means for controlling or adjusting illumination durations and light intensity of the light source so that it shines during the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell. The time integral of the product of the light intensity of the light source and the transmission of the liquid crystal cell remains constant after changing the durations of the high transmission state within a predetermined tolerance.

The regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell and the light source is carried out in such a way that the time position of the durations of the high transmission state can change continuously or stepwise within the durations of the period of the high transmission state and the low transmission state. And/or the period durations of the high transmission state and the low transmission state may vary continuously or stepwise.

These changes are determined by the secret encryption key.

All these processes of switching the transmission of the liquid crystal cell and turning on and off the light source must occur at such a frequency and speed that the wearer of the glasses does not feel bright light or other tangible effects. All effects potentially perceived by the wearer should be at least 24 Hz, preferably at least 60 Hz.

Such coding opens up a wide range of possibilities, especially in the military and security sectors (for the police, fire brigade, etc.). They make it difficult, for example, to eliminate a bright light with a light source by some person who does not have an encoding key.

In addition, coding offers the possibility that each of the various groups, whether they are opponents or other teams performing a similar task, receive an individual secret exclusive view using coded light sources, in particular if external users with very similar complex systems (viewing windows and a light source) are active at night in the same area of space.

For automatic glare suppression control, the glasses preferably include at least one sensor for measuring the brightness of visible light incident on the sensor. The sensor is located on the spectacle lens on the side of the eye and measures the brightness through the specified at least one spectacle lens. In addition, the glasses include a feedback control circuit for controlling the transmission of the liquid crystal cell so that the durations of the high transmission state become shorter as the brightness increases (pulse width modulation, PWM). A predetermined value is set in advance for the brightness for the eye of the eyeglass wearer, with the control circuit taking the brightness measured by the sensor as the current value.

The glare suppression accuracy can be increased on the one hand if said at least one sensor comprises an imaging system with a camera or at least three coordinate system overlay sensors or a compound eye. On the one hand, the goggles also contain an eye tracker that can determine the direction of observation of the eye. The reason is that said at least one sensor can determine the brightness of the visible light incident on it based on the observation direction of the eye determined by the eye tracker. And the control circuit can take the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value. This undoubtedly results in very precise suppression of the current bright light.

This is especially relevant for security applications if the light source or optional second light source is suitable for blinding a living being, an optical sensor or a camera. For example, the light source may be suitable for dazzling a night vision device, which can already be achieved with low intensities, for example from an infrared light source. Military night vision systems do not function with increasing brightness because the very sensitive received/residual light amplifiers are "overloaded" at some brightness, i.e. they stop working in case of excessive amount of light.

Obviously, the second light source also needs to shine only during the low transmission state of the liquid crystal cell. This makes it possible to blind the offender or opponent without blinding oneself.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

blinding device

The goal is also achieved by a system for blinding a living being, an optical sensor or a camera, comprising:

spectacles for a wearer having at least one eye, comprising at least one spectacle lens, said at least one spectacle lens comprising a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cell is configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states. In addition, there is means for controlling the duration of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

furthermore, the system comprises a light source for blinding a living being, an optical sensor or a camera that shines during the low transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

The great advantage of such a system is that with the help of a light source, for example, a criminal or an opponent can be blinded, and the wearer of the glasses is not blinded, since the light source shines only when the light is blocked by the liquid crystal cell in the glasses.

In addition, the blinded system or the system to be blinded may be behind a mirrored screen (eg, in a vehicle), or reflect objects randomly, or may deliberately use a mirror to deliberately return bright light to the sender. According to the current state of the art, the operator of the blinding device is then exposed and can be hit by his own light as a result of reflection. In addition, members of the same task force to the right or left of the operator may also be blinded by reflections in accordance with the current state of the art. This also applies to careless and careless handling of dazzling devices. The proposed system eliminates these risks.

For example, the light source may be suitable for dazzling a night vision device, which can already be achieved at low intensities, for example from an infrared light source. Military night vision systems do not function at increased brightness because very sensitive residual light receivers/amplifiers "overmodulate" at some brightness, i.e. they stop working in case of excessive amount of light.

Such dazzling devices are often referred to as "dazzlers", while the laser used is also referred to as a "laser dazzler".

If, for security reasons, someone not only wants to dazzle the opponent, but, in particular, for example, in the dead of night, wants to illuminate the area with his own illuminator for his own better orientation, the problem is that the excessively bright light of the dazzler clogs the light of the illuminator itself so that that the illuminator is not sufficiently visible at a distance, i.e., in particular, a particular blinded person or blinded system cannot be viewed / viewed well enough in relation to active changes in behavior (when it gives up, stops, retreats, changes direction, etc.) , or in relation to the collection of general data (reading of license plates of a car, etc.) due to the said blockage.

Moreover, often the scoring is so bright that even the area surrounding the blinded person or the blinded system is no longer visible when the headlight illuminates the surrounding area of the blinded opponent to detect, for example, suspicious changes in the environment (active ambient monitoring).

In order to remedy this situation, the system comprises a second light source and means for controlling or adjusting illumination durations and light intensity of the second light source so that it shines during the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

This solution provides the user of the system with the ability to illuminate the situation for himself, while the opponent remains blinded. The second light source shines during light transmission by the liquid crystal cell. The blinding light source only shines for additional durations when the liquid crystal cell blocks the light. The user of the system is not blinded by blinding devices, but can illuminate and explore the environment with the help of an illuminator.

In a further embodiment, the second light source is assumed to be a display. Therefore, the user of the system can blind the opponent by reading information from their own undistorted display tools.

In order to prevent or at least make it more difficult for the opponent to: a) synchronize the illumination durations of the blinding device with a comparable system and, at that time, switch the liquid crystal cell to blocking (scenario A), or even worse, b) in all cases when the blinding device is turned off, the opponent assumes that the wearer's glasses are open and that they can blind him with their blinding device in this time interval, and that the control or regulation of the liquid crystal cell and the light source of the blinding device can be carried out so that the time position The durations of the high pass state and the low pass state may change continuously or suddenly ( phase hopping ) within the time period of the high pass state and the low pass state. Alternatively, the duration of the high pass and low pass periods may change continuously or suddenly (frequency hopping). After that, it is important that these changes are determined by the secret encryption key. Any patterns should not be repeated periodically in an easily recognizable manner.

Self-protection of the opponent against bright light (scenario A) cannot be guaranteed by coding in the case of fast responding systems (in terms of the technological quality of the device), since the opponent basically only makes an assumption about the “failing end” of the blinding device * (* = incomplete knowledge/information asymmetry), they cannot fire their (counter-directional) blinding device into all open time slots of points with constant safety (maximum energy), especially if the pulse trains are no longer synchronous and complementary through coding, but "jump illogically", those. a short burst of illuminating device (incident light end) does not necessarily mean that the sender's glasses are consequently open, especially as a 100 Hz system has at least 100 timeslots per second, and not every person should use this "constantly logical manner."

In addition, a laser dazzler along with a lamp can produce more than just spikes in "emissions" or "pulses of light" per cycle (especially since lasers and LED lamps can now be modulated extremely fast, for example 100 times faster than LC -shutter = 10 kHz instead of 100 kHz). This inevitably leads to misleading and confusing the opponent, especially if not every "ejection" or "pulse of light" leads to a synchronous opening of points. The above secret coding can also be applied in a "systemic way" since the "publicly sent information" (the flash or flash of the glare device) is then not in an exact logical relationship with the opening times of their own glasses (or sensor).

The system can be combined in an excellent manner with the systems and methods described below for color coding the vision of various people.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

Finding your own light

The goal is also achieved by a system to improve visibility by suppressing glare with goggles for a wearer with at least one eye. The spectacles contain at least one spectacle lens, wherein said at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cell is configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be switched between high and low transmission states.

The system further comprises at least one sensor for measuring the brightness of visible light incident on said at least one sensor, said at least one sensor being preferably located on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the eye.

In addition, the system comprises a liquid crystal cell transmission control feedback control circuit, wherein a predetermined value for brightness is pre-set for the eye of the spectacle wearer, and the control circuit takes the brightness measured by said at least one sensor as the current value. In this case, regulation or control is performed such that the durations of the high transmission state become shorter as the bright light increases.

Finally, the system also includes a light source with means for controlling or adjusting illumination durations and light intensity of the light source so that it shines during the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell. The time integral of the product of the light intensity of the light source and the transmission of the liquid crystal cell remains constant as the durations of the high transmission state change within a predetermined tolerance.

In order to distinguish a light source detected by said at least one sensor, i. e. decide whether the light comes from external light sources, such as a dazzling light source, or the light comes from its own light source, the key being that said at least one sensor detects the brightness of visible light falling on it only during the low state transmission. This ensures that the required difference is possible, since the measured brightness can then only come from external light sources.

Such systems prevent glare from their own light source.

The system can be excellently combined with the above systems and methods of bright light suppression using an eye tracker.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

RGB encoding

The goal is also achieved by a system for recognizing the color of objects in the field of view of multiple glasses wearers. The system contains one pair of glasses for each eyeglass wearer with at least one eye. Each glasses may contain at least one eyeglass lens, and the corresponding at least one eyeglass lens contains a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cells are configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cells can be switched between high and low transmission states.

The system comprises means for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmission states of the liquid crystal cells so that the respective liquid crystal cells are tuned to the high transmission states at different times.

In the system, each frame contains an RGB light source, as well as a means to control or adjust the illumination durations, color, and intensity of the RGB light source, so that:

the RGB light source for the first wearer of the glasses shines with the first color during the high transmission state (T _on ) of the liquid crystal cells (LC) of his glasses; and

the RGB light source for the second glasses wearer shines during the high transmission state (T _on ) of the liquid crystal cells (LC) of the glasses of the second glasses wearer with a second color different from the first color.

Thus, in group applications with multiple faces, color coding of people or objects can be done in the field of view of the respective participants, which is seen by only one person and not by others.

When an RGB light source, for example, is configured to produce white light, this light can be broken up into a fast time train of red, green, and blue light pulses, for example. If only one of these light pulses hit during the participant's high-transmission state of the liquid crystal cell, they only see that color. An outsider, in particular someone without shutter glasses, will perceive the light as white.

The group members whose durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cells are synchronized with each other see the same color. Members of the other group with different opening durations of liquid crystal cells see a different color.

In order for the color coding to remain secret or invisible to other persons or unauthorized persons without glasses, the colors to be rendered in a time dependent manner are emitted from the respective RGB light sources during the low transmission state of the respective glasses in order to leave a sense of white colors for those who don't wear any glasses.

In order to see any color marking of other participants or groups, at least in a diluted form, the liquid crystal cell in the first glasses wearer may provide reduced, but not zero, transmission during the high transmission state in the second glasses wearer.

Thus, color coding can occur not only in the three primary colors of red, green and blue, but also in any color that can be the result of a combination of red, green and blue. To freely determine the color that the RGB light source shines for the first glasses wearer during the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell of his glasses, an arbitrary intensity value from 0% to 100% of the color component of each primary color of the RGB light source can be added to the time of the high state. transmission of the liquid crystal cell. The missing part up to 100% is emitted for each of the three primary colors of the RGB light source at the corresponding time of the low transmission state of the liquid crystal cells.

This secret color marking can be excellently combined with the aforementioned blinding device.

Furthermore, the system can be combined in an excellent manner with eye tracker glare suppression systems and methods as described above.

The same applies to encoding with an encoding key as described above, which will prevent an opponent from detecting the possible color code being used.

The system may also be combined with the systems and methods described above to improve the readability of display tools.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

Enhanced spatial awareness

The goal is also achieved through a system of enhancing the spatial sensation of the object. The system contains glasses for a wearer having at least two eyes, a right eye and a left eye. The spectacles comprise a spectacle lens in front of each of the two eyes, each spectacle lens containing a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cells are configured such that the transmission of the liquid crystal cells can be appropriately switched between high and low transmission states. The glasses also contain means for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cells.

In addition, the system contains two light sources, each of which corresponds to one eye, and the stereoscopic basis of the light sources is greater than the distance between the pupils. In addition, there is a means for controlling and regulating the duration of illumination by light sources, wherein:

- the light source belonging to the right eye shines during the high transmission state of the right eye liquid crystal cell,

- while the light source corresponding to the left eye is not shining, and the liquid crystal cell of the left eye is set to low transmission.

And vice versa.

This method results in an improved 3D experience, referred to in the technical literature as "2.5D" because a person cannot look completely behind an object. Objects are illuminated from a larger stereoscopic basis and this illumination is perceived by the right and left eyes, respectively. This results in an obvious optical effect that the interpupillary distance is as large as the distance between the two light sources, which improves the depth resolution capability.

The fact that RGB signals can be emitted separately by each of the two illuminators, so that other faces always see white light, while a particular color can be made visible to each of the two eyes at the appropriate time-selective T_onduration through glasses, means that the object can have, for example, a complementary color seam (for example, on the right with a red border and on the left with a blue border).

In general, in the following description, a distinction should be made between physically conditioned spatial projections due to the extended stereoscopic basis and so-called visual effects or visual accents based only on human perception, such as those described by the system theoretical transmission channel of visual perception. (Source: Systemtheorie der visuellen Wahrnehmung by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gert Hauske, TU Munich, Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart, 1994).

An object that has a complementary color space (e.g., red on the right, blue on the left) can be visually enhanced to some extent, especially in the case of distant backgrounds or even in the absence of a background (the object is in a free environment).

An additional enhancement of spatial sensation, or at least a more differentiated perception against a light background, is obtained when the two light sources are modulated in amplitude at a predetermined frequency that can be perceived by the human eye.

This can be used to achieve a variety of visual experiences, ranging from a simple visual "flickering illuminator" a) in the case of light backgrounds (in-phase and out-of-phase), to deliberately induced visual effects that appear to be spatially enhanced, such as the Pulfrich effect (in particular, opposite phase at night).

The above flickering (a) has the advantage that a temporary change in the brightness of an illuminated object against a relatively bright background is perceived as enhancing contrast or enhancing outlines during the day or at dusk, in particular when a person imagines that two different colors of the object's edgings (right red , left blue) flash alternately. Flashing during the day is always a good way to create small differences in perceived luminance, especially with the arrangement described herein.

In addition, especially during twilight or at night, out-of-phase flashing (b), as well as other suitable transmission channel exposure (to the right or left of the LC cell, darkened much more, as in the case of "HDR vision", or less light transmitted channel), the "perceived start time in the facial canal" (see above: Prof. Gert Hauske) of the image or both images, is extended so that the Pulfrich effect can be induced.

This system can easily be combined with the color coding described above.

Instead of an additional color space (red on the right, blue on the left), a right-left variation of a specific primary color (eg, red) can be used, as described above in the "invisible color coding" section. The right color fringing is bright red and the left color fringing appears dark red (or similar) to a group 1 user, while for a group 2 user, the object's right fringing is light green and the left fringing is dark green.

In addition, white light can always be added to enhance since there is already a highlight due to the wider stereoscopic basis, in particular in the case of objects in front of a more distant background or an infinite free field background.

The system can also be combined with the systems and methods described above to improve the readability of display tools and to suppress glare with an eye tracker.

Finally, the system can also be combined with ambient illumination spatial separation (LIDAR) systems and methods, as described below.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

LIDAR

The goal is also achieved by a system to improve the view of the spatial area to be observed with the suppression of bright light. The system comprises spectacles with at least one spectacle lens, said at least one spectacle lens comprising a liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means. The liquid crystal cell is configured such that its transmission can be appropriately switched between high and low transmission states. The system also includes means for controlling or regulating the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell.

The system also includes a pulsed light source that emits pulses of light. The light source is designed so that it can generate light pulses, the time duration of which is shorter than that required by the light from the light source to pass through the spatially observable area in the direction of observation of the wearer.

The glasses further comprise means for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell, configured to timely adjust the durations of the high transmission state of the liquid crystal cell such that a light pulse backscatter signal from the area to be spatially tracked is passed by the liquid crystal cell.

Thus, an effect similar to the laser-based measurement method known as LIDAR (from the English - "Light Detection And Ranging", light detection and ranging) is achieved. The glasses wearer only sees background light from the spatial region that has been pushed out by the glasses control. In this way, the usual ambient light due to fog, snow or rain directly in front of the headlight of, for example, a car is avoided.

In order to reduce the switching time of the liquid crystal cell, under certain circumstances, it is recommended to reduce the area of the liquid crystal cell. If necessary, a transition from a simple spectacle lens to a combination of two collector lenses is required, in the focus of which there is a minimum liquid crystal cell.

In addition, special liquid crystals, such as, for example, a plurality of layers (stacks) of surface stabilized ferroelectric crystals (FLC), can also be used to meet very fast switching requirements in the time range of the speed of light.

The system can be combined in an excellent way with the above systems and methods of glare suppression, as well as with a permanently readable display.

The same applies to enhancing the spatial view. This can help increase driving safety.

The goal is also achieved by a method that is consistent with working according to the principles of the described system.

Additional details and features will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments given by way of example in conjunction with dependent claims. In this case, the respective features can be implemented individually or as a plurality in combination with each other. The possibilities for solving the problem are not limited to the exemplary implementations. Thus, for example, ordered data spans all intermediate values (not specified) and all valid subranges.

Smart glasses with eye tracker

All of the above problems are solved by "smart glasses" consisting of at least one eyeglass lens in the form of a liquid crystal cell (LC), with a real-time PID feedback control circuit, but preferably consisting of two completely independent glasses. lenses and control circuits of the specified type. The transmission of the liquid crystal cell can be changed by a suitable control means so that it can switch between high and low transmission states, thereby achieving a shading effect. If this is done quickly enough, the visual sensation of the respective eye can be changed based on the moment of inertia of the person's visual perception.

In order to implement the feedback control scheme, at least one photosensor must be provided to the "inside" eye in such a way that it is possible to see through the shutter in the direction of the eye and therefore measure the "current brightness". This serves as the "current value" for the control.

For the above value of the current brightness measured by the shutter, a defining comment should be made, because, depending on the technical facts, the discrete (pointwise) current value on the time axis and the integration result must differ from the complete shutter cycle T:

1. In fact, currently available photosensors can be read so quickly that intensities of light passing through the gate can be measured point by point on the time axis (for example, with sampling rates in the microsecond range), similar to a digital storage oscilloscope with an optical measuring head. , so that the curve of the discrete current value can be stored in the volatile memory of the microcontroller. In this process, it is possible to see exactly when the gate is open (T _on or transparent) within a T pulse width modulation (PWM) cycle and when it is closed (T _off or opaque). For example, if the gate system operates at a fundamental frequency of 100 Hz, the temporal memory depth is 1/100 Hz = 10 ms. At the end of the cycle, the microcontroller can, purely mathematically, form an integral with the given brightness profile and thus provide the "current value" of the cycle.

2. On the other hand, the same photosensor can also be integrated physically and electronically, or in terms of switching technology during a complete cycle T, i.e. within the above 10 milliseconds, so that clearly at the end of the cycle T, the measurement result takes place, which is then read by the microcontroller without the need to calculate the arithmetic mean. In the present invention, a photosensor is used to measure the current value, which enables fast point-by-point/discrete measurement. To avoid confusion, the term "current value" is generally used throughout the text when the "grey value" (the average brightness passing over cycle T) is converted or integrated over cycle time T, in particular, since the human only perceives values in this way. gray, even when in reality only the time coefficients go from T _on to T _off .

Thus, the photosensor effectively plays the role of the eye for measuring the "real brightness" incident on the eye, and not just any random brightness from the outside. The eye is used as a low-pass filter in PWM amplitude modulation in that gray values are generated only in the eye or only in human perception, while spectacle lenses do not actually perceive gray values. Roughly speaking, similar to the above integration scenarios for the current value (1 and 2), the third scenario can be determined by integrating the microcontroller and/or photosensor until a gray value is reached, which can also be perceived by humans as a gray value ( for example, after an integration of about 250 to about 500 milliseconds). If a given perceived current value is implied, this is usually stated separately in the text.

The photosensor or brightness sensor is located at some distance (typically 1 to 3 mm) from the LC cell, so the current LC area taken into account is larger than the area of the sensor chip due to its opening angle. This results in improved luminance averaging and more accurate/stable measurement in case of pinpoint "LC domain formation" or in the case of pinpoint clogging on the opposite side of the LC cell. In any case, for safety and temperature reasons, it is advisable to provide an outer protective glass, which also repeats the outer design of the goggles, at a distance of 1 to 3 mm in front of the LC cell. Thus, such pitting (by small gnats, dust particles, etc.) will no longer affect the LC cell and, as a result, the photosensor. In addition, internal photosensors (if they are conventional and therefore opaque photosensors) are applied in the outer region of the edge of the LC cell or the spectacle frame region so that they do not interfere with the field of view.

However, in order to be able to determine the current brightness value at the center of the LC shutter as accurately as possible, at least two, preferably three, photosensors for each eye are used at the statistical center of the pupil when looking straight ahead. For example, they may be arranged in a triangle, at the corner of which the statistical mean value for a given pupil point approximates, which generally coincides (ie, for people who do not have strabismus) with a point of gaze directed straight ahead. With a triangulation calculation, an average value of brightness relative to a given statistical average for a given point or looking straight ahead can be calculated and used as the "current value" for control.

In addition, a plurality of internal photosensors for each eye has the advantage that, as a result of this repetition, measurement reliability is maintained, even in the event of clogging or in the event of strong point light falling (for example, random reflection of light on only one of the three photosensors) .

Control requires a "setpoint" which is initially pre-set using some type of potentiometer or similar "adjuster" so that the eye remains continuously dark-adapted, much like a relatively powerful pair of sunglasses, e.g. protection level III (S3, transmission ranges from 8% to 18%).

The control scheme must be so fast that the control process cannot be perceived by the human eye, so that the brightness reaching the eye is always constant (relative to the set value), no matter how the brightness changes outside.

It is a so-called real-time control scheme in which the so-called delta (control deviation), i.e. the difference between the setpoint and the actual value is always zero in retracted state (correct parametrization of the PID control).

However, such control only functions if the goggles are completely opaque to outside light. Thus, this variant of goggles is similar to diving goggles, skiing goggles or tight-fitting safety goggles with soft, light and opaque eyecups in the style of diving goggles or large goggles with wide side panels and protection from light coming in. up and down. By means of an electrical potentiometer or similar regulator, the eyeglass wearer's pupil can a) slowly open, even "rotate" until it is 75% larger than normal daylight diameter; and b) such a diameter is kept constant by real-time control, so that it is partially "slightly contained", no matter how the brightness outside may change.

This is done separately for each eye, although in a routine start, each eye may be set to the same set point (for example, 100 lux for the right (R) and left (L) eye). In practice, R and L setpoints change relatively slowly (e.g. 2-100 times slower than brightness control) and are also intentionally affected by small differences (e.g. 10% more transparency on the left and 10% less transparency on the right) . The reasons are explained below.

At least one external sensor (OL, OR) for the eye roughly and relatively slowly (for example, within 1-2 seconds) detects the presence of daylight in the average time and determines whether the day is clear, whether the day is cloudy, or the environment is in room. This is necessary because the dynamic range during the day covers the range from 100 lux to 100,000 lux, i.e. a factor of 10000, while a simple LC cell only has a factor of 1000 to 5000 (contrast factor). The "operating point" of the LC cell is shifted into the correct range during routine start-up, when switched on (e.g. on a very clear day with an initial 100 lux on glass to 300 lux on glass) by means of a variable setpoint determined by an external sensor (clear day, overcast day, …).

This setpoint, triggered by an external sensor, also changes quickly and dynamically when the controller is at the lower or upper limit, i.e. the control deviation can no longer be zero because the control variable on the LC cell or the span has reached a non-increasing value (ie, all the way up or down).

As a rule, this should not be a problem, as long as the eye is supposed to be kept dark-adapted. However, if the lighting situation changes completely, and taking into account the electronically stored empirical values, as well as information from external and internal sensors, just before the controller reaches a stop in a particular direction (LC cell fully on or completely off), the setpoint changes so in such a way that the controller remains in "control mode" and does not actually reach this stop, i.e. its response is logarithmic or similarly non-linear in the broadest sense, but allows smooth and controlled iris closure due to increased transmitted brightness (eg, when looking directly at the sun). However, this setpoint adjustment for expanding the dynamic range should only take place in exceptionally rare cases; in normal operation, the pupil is set to a relatively constant value of darkness (e.g., 75% larger than normal diameter, so that an already dark-adapted eye is instantly ready (i.e., within a millisecond) to enter a dark room.

In addition, these two setpoints (L and R) may have slight differences, such as 5%-30% more transparency on the left than on the right, so that the brain can again form an image with a higher contrast range (dynamic range) of the two slightly different images when perceived (what is known in the field of photography as HDR = "high dynamic range", in which two differently rendered images are copied into each other). The prerequisite is that the contrast difference does not become too significant, i.e. it remains imperceptible to the human, eg 1% to 60%, preferably 5% to 30%. Higher values > 30% are also not excluded, but they are displayed for a shorter time so that the brain can still imperceptibly construct a new image with a larger range of contrast. Thus, human perception is influenced by the use of intelligent software-implemented algorithms.

In addition, tilt and acceleration sensors can also be integrated into glasses, which is common in so-called "wearable technology" and smartphones, so that, for example, during fast travel, such brightness differences can be automatically reduced or even eliminated to prevent, for example, unwanted effects (eg Pulfrich effect or other perceptual distortions).

The highest and most complex form of this type of electronic control is to account for right-left contralateral pupillary affinity under lighting conditions, similar to the "Swinging Flashlight Test" (SWIFT), which is physiologically affected by crossing the left-to-right exchange nerve signals at the optic chiasm and in subsequent parts of the brain. In particular, this means that in a healthy person without asymmetries in contralateral pupillary affinity (as, for example, in the case of relative afferent pupillary defect, RAPD), there is no cross-exchange of neural stimuli at exactly the same electronic setpoints for both eyes (L = R = const .), since the brightness is always constant on both eyes. There are three ways to apply this effect:

1) An increased control signal (e.g. increased darkening) on one channel (L or R), with identical nominal values (R = L = const.), signals the presence of asymmetric illumination, e.g. excess daylight, on the corresponding channel. The microcontroller of a given channel communicates with another microcontroller or state machine of another channel, and the approximate reaching or exceeding the low-light side channel can then be turned on.

2) Intentional operation in HDR difference mode can result in a channel that switches to brighter (more transparent), in particular if it switches too quickly and is too transparent around the circumference (delta t, delta t are relatively high), contralateral pupillary contraction in another channel. In order to account for this effect (to compensate = negative feedback, or if necessary to enhance it = positive feedback), the other channel is smoothly and appropriately controlled so that there is an improved view to the other eye, but without leading to a new contralateral movement to the channel, which was originally affected. To this end, fading is provided to prevent scanning of the system by both pupils and both channels controlled by the software. The following are taken into account: the presence of ambient light, the operating points of the two controllers, transition/lighting changes on the respective channels (eg clear day, cloudy day, proximity to control stop), and difference between controllers.

3) Medical and psychopathological indications:

(a) For patients suffering from Relative Afferent Pupil Defect (RAPD), the patient's left-right pupil behavior pattern can be stored in the microcontroller software so that during operation within the above two modes (1 and 2), the correct LC transparency is taken into account as in such a way that the perceived brightness is always constant or corresponds to certain desired values.

(b) For patients with medically prescribed right-left vision training (eg, after a stroke), one side may be alternately darker or lighter depending on certain temporal patterns.

(c) For stressed emergency personnel (e.g., soldiers on duty) who have severely elevated adrenaline levels and thus generally dilated pupils, the software can reduce transmission appropriately by slightly reducing (slightly dimming) the instructions (key), while the visual perception is more pleasant in terms of brightness.

The number of internal photocells is at least doubled or even tripled. This serves not only to calculate the average brightness value at the most probable pupil position (as described above), but also for safety reasons. For example, the software may recognize a clogged or defective photo sensor through a logical comparison (for example, two sensors show similar brightness and only one shows no brightness) and, as a result, consider only two functioning photos sensors.

For this purpose, the software contains, in addition to the constantly computing components of the controller, purely logical safety routines (separate state machines) that ensure the continuous operation of the glasses in parallel with the controller. (In the context of this document, it should be noted that the most resilient goggles of this type for automotive driving applications are dual-core and tri-core processors approved under the ASIL standard, which tests both hardware and software for errors).

Simple type eye tracker

By analogy with the above photo sensors or types of cameras that simulate the human eye, the second sensor for monitoring the eye is placed in glasses where this sensor is located. It can be, for example, mounted on the rear side of the above sensor or at a slight offset from it. Various types of sensors can be used, such as relatively simple and inexpensive photosensors, or CCD sensors, or high resolution imaging systems. In the simplest case, only the direction of observation is roughly detected. In particular, left-right eye movement can be easily detected, even in the white part of the eye (sclera), by means of an encoded infrared light barrier. Infrared light is not perceived by the eye, but is reflected in different ways depending on the viewing direction. The encoding of the infrared light source is necessary so that there is no mixing with other light sources and reflections on the receiving side. This encoding may be cyclic in the simplest case (eg, a 10 kHz rectangle with known frequency and phase positions). A phase-sensitive detector (PSD, also known as a narrow-band filter amplifier) can make a very accurate measurement of the amplitude from the frequency and, in particular, the phase position relative to the sender signal after low-frequency combining after about 10 cycles, i.e. with approximately 1 kHz, even if it is very weak compared to the "noise" of other infrared light signals.

This is just one example of a simple eye tracker. The position of the pupils can also be determined in a very simple way - like a reflection, but in this case relative to the absorption in the dark pupil instead of the reflection on the white sclera. Since reflective photoelectric sensors are very cost-effective, such sensors can be installed both inside the eye (near the nose) and away from the eye (near the temple), possibly under the eye (when looking up/down) - thus only 2 to 3 sensors. Several such sensors increase the accuracy of the measurement relative to the direction of observation.

However, an eye tracker is ideally used when it uses a high-resolution imaging camera, similar to that used in smartphones or laptops. This camera detects the position of the pupil relative to the viewing direction and thus at all angles.

Calculation of the correlation coefficient from photosensors and eyetracker

Information about the direction and brightness of photocells/cameras is mathematically correlated with the direction of the eye, determined by the eye tracker. This means, for example, that the viewing direction is initially taken as an output value, while the incident brightness is measured simultaneously (ie in real time) at exactly the same angle and constantly adjusted. Since this is a real-time PID control scheme in which the control deviation is always zero, the brightness in the viewing direction will always be constant - that is, equal to the adjusted setpoint.

If this control functions very precisely, which is possible with the use of advanced technology, the pupil on the main axis will never experience a difference in brightness. This control mode can be selected according to the application (e.g. sports, automobiles, industry, medicine, military), such as switching or other command (e.g. using a smartphone connected to the glasses via Bluetooth, etc.) .

On the other hand, this extremely fast control mode can also lead to undesirable perceptual distortions, depending on the application. Thus, an alternative mode can be set, where the software is deliberately slowed down or the brightness is adjusted only in small gradations of angles. For example, only when the user actually looks at a bright light source (such as traffic flow) from the side will it be immediately adjusted to a constant brightness, otherwise, when the pupil moves back and forth only slightly in the middle and outside of the area in which there is no background light, it is constantly adjusted to a given brightness.

In addition, an individual and age-dependent function of glare sensitivity, which may be stored in software as a formula or a look-up table (LUT), may be stored as a template (eg, with a multiplicative estimate) via a forward-looking brightness sensor signal. Although this sensor does not move like an eyeball and is rigidly mounted to look straight ahead, this template moves with the eyetracker signal in accordance with the movement of the eyeball. In practice, this creates an artificial eye that takes into account the individual's sensitivity to bright light, which depends on the viewing angle, which is used as a reference variable (also referred to as the "actual value") in the real-time PID control scheme. It remains for the person skilled in the art to make the algorithms more flexible or more rigorous, depending on the intended application. Alternatively, the selection may be left to the user.

General glare suppression system

It is a visibility enhancement system by glare suppression (also known as an anti-glare system) that implements intelligent and safety-relevant real-time multi-channel controls for visibility enhancement, with the left and right eyes treated separately, and/or contains several users for group applications.

To achieve a unified integrated system in which the viewing window and illuminators interact continuously and by analogy in such a way that the application range from zero darkness (0 lux) to twilight (eg 100 lux) is covered without problems. For example, in the case of a constant uniform brightness of the illuminators, glasses are required that are controlled in real time to a constant brightness, as described above, while in most cases a somewhat simplified version (without an eye tracker) is sufficient. Such glasses provide the ability to suppress bright light by constantly controlling to a certain brightness value. In addition, the eye is kept sufficiently dark at all times (i.e. a relatively large pupil is adjusted) so that the user immediately and imperceptibly adapts to darkness (in real time) when rapidly changing from light to dark (e.g. when entering a dense forest) which, otherwise, typically takes up to a minute or more. However, it is problematic that the range of contrast, or the proportion of the wanted signal and the interference signal, decreases with increasing opacity through the spectacle lenses (ie, increasing brightness from the outside).

Correcting this still requires a synchronous illuminator (which thus operates at the same frequency as the glasses). In this case, the energy of the pulse must remain largely constant based on the transmitted light pulse. For this purpose, the time integral of the product of the light intensity of the illuminator and its illumination duration is kept as constant as possible during the cycle.

Bright light suppression system with display

Until now, anti-glare systems have been mainly used and applied in traffic (in cars, motorcycles, trains, etc.) or in the case of fast movements with their own power (bicycles, etc.), and the bright light was mainly due to illuminators of oncoming vehicles, or the sun or other dazzling light sources. In these cases, it is assumed that the interference signal (for example, coming from opposite vehicles or the sun) and the useful signal (own illuminators) come from different directions (sun in the distance, car illuminators). To some extent, a different situation occurs when the interference signal (the sun) is reflected exactly to the point where the useful signal is generated, for example, to the reflective area of the screen.

However, both situations are united by the fact that the total signal on the eye always consists of an interference signal and a useful signal. Thus, with regard to the combination of goggles and eye, nothing physically changes, since, from the point of view of human perception, the wanted signal always differs from the interfering signal by time division, while the uniform ratio of useful signal to interfering signal must be improved. In addition, in both cases, the interference signal may also come from a direction different from the user's viewing direction, but such interference signal may also dazzle so much that visibility at the viewpoint is degraded.

Display systems include all types of screens, displays (PC, laptop, smartphone, TV, …), fixtures, or other visual human-machine interfaces, e.g. fixtures in all types of cockpits, e.g. in a car, aircraft, ship, motorcycle etc., or other self-illuminating display panels, warning signs, tachometers, clocks, geolocation systems, glass displays, etc.

This is solved by modulating the light of the indicator as if it were the own illuminator described above. This means that whenever the liquid crystal cell of the glasses is open for a short period of time (for example, for only 5% of the time T of the cycle), the background lighting of the display is switched on for a short time and like a pulse, preferably with a light intensity higher than normal.

The predetermined brightness value of the display, which is required for the user to read the information shown on the display, is the result, on the one hand, of the brightness up to which the glasses control the light that illuminates the eye, for example, 400 lux, and, on the other hand, of the usual brightness of this display . Since glasses are usually driven up to 400 lux, i.e. sufficiently dark, the value to be reached by the product of T _on and the display brightness is generally less than the normal display brightness setting. This leaves a gap for the required increase, similar to momentum. It is always fail-safe if the background lighting consists of fast responding light sources (e.g. white light or RGD light emitting diodes) which in turn can be controlled by a) software or b) OEM hardware solution.

a) In the simplest case, software downloaded from the Internet (e.g. an app) can already dim the backlighting of a smartphone or similar device, such as a tablet or laptop, or a glass display located outside the glasses, in this way, which the above-described antiglare system is implemented.

b) Alternatively, smartphone and tablet devices can be expected to adapt to such a system in a moderate amount of time (i.e. already after a few years) by incorporating special high power backlighting into these devices. As new consumer terminals appear on the market, this possibility can in any case be considered as real. And in the case of special displays for non-consumer devices (airplane panel, etc.), it is already obvious how such special systems can easily be included in the next generation of indicators through interoperability.

With this system, for example, more than 95% of bright light is suppressed, while the screen light pulses fall clearly into the open time window of the glasses and thus onto the dark-adapted eye. As a result, the displayed information is clearly visible despite significant solar radiation (or other blinding radiation), whereas the display would not be readable without such a system.

System for suppressing bright light in the case of a glare device

Definition:

The term "blinding device" or "dazzler" in general is used in this document to serve only as a general term, i.e. regardless of which technical implementation of illumination (lamp, laser, etc.), wavelength or intensity it refers to, so that it equally covers a laser dazzler with a very high beam intensity or a laser with a variable wavelength (multi-color) or other sources of high intensity light - also in the extreme ranges of the infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. A common feature of all blinding devices is the idea of direct aggressive tactical bright light and jamming opponents (individuals or groups), or blinding and jamming and optoelectronic systems used by the enemy (for example, sensor systems in tanks or the like).

According to the latest state of the art, the extremely bright light from a single blinding device exceeds its own headlight so that it is no longer sufficiently distinguishable from a distance, even if the surroundings of the blinded opponent are illuminated by the headlight(s) for the purpose of, for example, detecting alarming changes in the environment (behind the already successfully blinded, so-called active ambient tracking area).

The present glare suppression system can be combined with such a glare device (dazzler). In this embodiment, an anti-cyclic or inverted turn-on signal with respect to the duration T _on of opening the glasses is sent to the blinding device. Thus, the blinding device is always off only for a very short period of time (for example, 5% of the duration of the continuous operation of the blinder), in which the desired headlight is turned on and the glasses are synchronously opened for too short a time. As soon as the glasses are closed again (switching to opacity), the blinding device works again. This ensures that the two channels (head lighting and dazzler) can operate separately as a whole.

If the dazzler is completely turned off in the short opening times of the goggles, this can be disadvantageous as it is no longer visually tracked. Thus, for given durations, the dazzler can be set to a freely adjustable low light intensity of, for example, 0.5% to 5% of its maximum intensity, so that it remains clearly visible to the user and is not unintentionally suppressed so that that it is no longer enough to know where the blinding device shines from.

Thanks to this two-channel or even multi-channel operation, consisting of a separate source of own light and at least one separate blinding device, it is possible to blind enemy personnel or their optical equipment (for example, sensors on a tank), but also to simultaneously illuminate / explore the surroundings in the direction of observation with its own light source.

In combination with the embodiments of the system according to the invention described below, it is even possible to color-code enemy targets for team members (and only them) and operate the system with encryption.

Coding glare suppression system

In particular, a group application is provided for use in security agencies and organizations (BOS), or the military. This should ensure that participants do not inadvertently blind each other. For this purpose, the components of the system are synchronized with each other. Since it cannot be established that there are external users of such systems (whether they are opponents or other teams with a similar task), it is planned to modulate the components of the system (for example, glasses and lights) in such a way that the corresponding synchronous short opening duration of the glasses no longer corresponds cyclic or periodic pattern, but their temporal frequency is constantly changing in accordance with the secret encryption key. As such, this change can take place with respect to all possible arbitrary modulation parameters, but preferably with respect to their phase position, pulse position (phase and pulse position hops), frequency (frequency hops), amplitude (AM), or combinations of these modulation methods.

Of course, such coding can be applied to the above-described system configuration with blinding devices. In this case, the blinding device also "jumps" back and forth with secret coded time intervals of the glasses and its own light source along the time axis - only inverted in each case.

It is also possible that the graduations of encryption keys, for example, one or more additional blinding devices (dazzlers), can be encrypted separately by a subkey (possibly inherited from the command key) for each person or team without erroneously blinding each other.

Illustrative implementation options are schematically depicted in the figures. The same reference numerals in the individual figures denote the same or functionally equivalent elements, or corresponding elements with respect to their functions:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view sectional view of electronic glasses;

Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the so-called transmission of glasses of a glare suppression system over time, the system being provided with a dazzle device;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a situation in which a bright light (sun) signal is reflected on an indicator or display surface;

Fig. 4 shows the situation of FIG. 3 with an additional device for non-modulated displays;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the situation with the so-called "internal HUD";

Fig. 5B shows an embodiment as goggles for complete darkness, without its own light source (working protection);

Fig. 6 shows a transmission diagram for an RGB color-coded anti-glare system;

Fig. 7 shows a diagram illustrating the behavior of different levels of TR (Ch# 1, 2, 3) transmission in an anti-glare system with RGB color coding;

Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a system for enhancing spatial awareness;

Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of a system for improving visual range by suppressing reflections in an enlarged area through dropout? particles, in accordance with the LIDAR principle;

Fig. 10 shows a diagram for self-light suppression of the glare suppression system; and

Fig. 11 shows an additional diagram for self-light suppression that shows the initialization phase.

Next, partial reference is made to FIG. one.

Everything that follows refers to one eye (right or left, also referred to as the "channel"). The channel consists of at least one LC cell (but it is also possible to connect two or more LC cells in series) which, depending on the application, contains a suitable and high contrast LC material (TN, STN, Fe-LC).

Cells that are further away from the human body are called "distal", while cells that are closer to the eye are called "proximal". At some distance (usually from 1 to 3 mm) behind the proximal cell, from one to three complex photo sensors IL1, RL1 are located to detect light incident through the LC cell LC 1L, LC 2L, LC 1R, LC 2R in the direction of observation, and one photosensor consists, in turn, of at least three sensors, which superimpose an orthogonal x-y-z coordinate system - with the vector (1, 1, 1) approximately pointing in the direction of observation.

As an alternative to such an x-y-z photosensor, it seems possible to use a photosensor which, like a compound eye, contains substantially more than 3 orthogonal channels. Each channel can measure brightness over a wide dynamic region so that a "coarse-grained image" is transmitted to the microprocessor.

As an alternative to such a "coarse-grained image", a system (camera) with a substantially higher resolution (eg, a 5 megapixel camera) of an identical miniature size not exceeding a few square millimeters, similar to those already used in smartphones and laptops, can be provided. The image delivered to the processor by such cameras is precisely decomposed: providing dynamic area and linearity for brightness measurement by using highly dynamic chip materials similar to those used in analytical medical photography.

For safety purposes only, at least 3 such complex photosensors (x-y-z, or arrangements, or camera) are used for each eye (channel) E(L), E(R).

All of the above photosensors can be, for example, in the form of photodiodes, phototriodes, photocells, etc., all of which have in common that they react color-neutrally by incorporating the color-sensitive curve of the eye (the so-called V-lambda function, according to DIN5031). ). Photocells of this type are used, for example, in photography to measure color-neutral illumination. Depending on the ambient brightness (measured by an external sensor OL, OR, or obtained from the manipulated variable and the setpoint of the MC controller), a look-up table (CT), mainly in the case of darkness, can be included in the calculation algorithm, which contains the V' values for night vision, so that the so-called Purkinje effect (increased sensitivity to blue at night) is taken into account. In addition, individual age-dependent sensitivity to bright light can be taken into account - based on empirical studies, in particular angle-dependent and age-dependent (eg Adrian and Bhanji 1991 Illumination Engineering Society of North America).

Freeform lens/channel or camera software

The physical transformation of the above eye sensitivity formula can be used to measure the direction-sensitive brightness with an arbitrary-shaped lens of a transparent material (such as glass, plastic, liquid, etc.) that is mounted in front of the photosensor in such a way that it acts, like the human eye. Thus, it creates an "artificial eye" that is just as sensitive to bright light at an angle of incidence as the human eye. Two factors must be taken into account: 1. V-lambda and V'-lambda functions (Purkinje effect at night); 2. Angle dependent sensitivity to bright light.

Instead of this lens, it is also possible to use a black channel (i.e., essentially a hole), suitably shaped by arbitrary calculation, at the end of which a photovoltaic cell is located, so that it takes an opening angle corresponding to the sensitivity of the human eye.

Alternatively, the glare sensitivity formula can only be implemented as an algorithm or in software that also receives the high resolution/high dynamic area image of the camera, since direction and brightness information per pixel is also contained in the camera image. The camera image can then be evaluated using individual (age dependent) scoring formulas, especially since a person can determine their own age or other individual preferences or medical guidelines/recommendations regarding sensitivity to bright light using some kind of interface.” man-machine” (for example, buttons on glasses, USB-PC software interface, smartphone applications via wireless (Bluetooth) connection).

Eyetracker

Information about the direction and brightness of the photocells/camera can also be mathematically correlated with the direction of observation, which can be determined by the ET(L), ET(R) eye tracker.

An individual and age-dependent function of glare sensitivity, which may be stored in software as a formula or look-up table (LOT), may then be superimposed on the forward-facing luminance sensor signal as a template (eg, with multiplicative scoring). This sensor is rigidly mounted on the glasses. However, due to the eye tracker signal, this template also shifts in accordance with the movement of the eyeball, and the functionality of the artificial eye is achieved, taking into account the individual's sensitivity to bright light, depending on the viewing angle.

Pulse Shaping in LC Cells

There are three possible options:

1. Both LC cells that are transparent when de-energized to allow normal vision in the event of a system or voltage failure.

2. For high voltage applications where there is a constant risk of bright light in the work area (e.g. laser lab or arc welding), LC cells can be used that work in exactly the opposite way, i.e. they are completely dark when de-energized and can only be switched to become transparent by pressing a safety switch or the like.

3. Mixed use of cells of the above types, i.e. one that is permeable in a stress-free state and one that is impermeable. This arrangement can be used to improve the amplitude slope on both rising and falling amplitudes of the optical pulse, in the sense of a "transparent" channel for a fraction of a second in the form of a rectangular pulse on the time axis (a rectangle with a large amplitude slope on the optically measured image of the oscilloscope). This has the advantage of reduced noise and other contrast-reducing distortions (crosstalk) in synchronous applications with its own light source or multiple participants.

The goggles described above can be used as part of a noise reduction system. In FIG. 2 shows the so-called transmission (TR) of such glasses over time. Thus, the transmission is the ratio of the intensity I _o transmitted by the liquid crystal cell LC to the intensity I of the incident light.

The glasses are opened at time T _on , i.e. switch to transparent. In the remaining time (period T minus T _on ) points are closed, i.e. are opaque.

In order to obtain uniform and analog gray values, the signal in FIG. 2 (the first line) is implemented as an analog pulse-width modulation PWM, i.e. in fig. 2, for example, shows only the various jump-like PWM states from the T cycle to the 2T and 3T cycles. These states can also be written as a percentage D of the pulse time and the cycle (load cycle).

To improve the "SNR"("signal-to-noiseratio"), the pulse energy per transmitted light pulse is kept constant within certain limits. In particular, region A in the midline of FIG. 2, which is the result of multiplying the active pulse duration time T _on by the corresponding emitted pulse intensity IE (I = intensity-intensity, E = emitted-radiated) of the pulse, is kept largely constant.

In practice, this can be done by applying a higher voltage or by supplying a higher current to a suitable light source designed for such high energies. The person skilled in the art makes a decision as to whether the available light source is suitable for a given purpose.

In addition, the light intensity IE must always correspond to the standardized default intensity value I, which has previously been approved by the authorities (TÜV, etc.), but multiplied by the reciprocal of the hundredth of the load cycle B.

Example:

Pulse-pause ratio = duty cycle = 50% = 0.5

The reciprocal of 0.5 = a factor of 2

IE = 2 x I by default

This method is necessary so that the intensity measured by the long time integral always corresponds to the default constant I. Even if the measurement time interval is only 1 second for competent authorities, for a 70 Hz illuminator, so many different pulse amplitudes or pulse cycles have already been averaged over time so that the required constant default value of I light always results. This principle becomes clear by integrating the IE signal into the median line in FIG. 2 from t = 0 to the end of T3 cycle.

Moreover, in the narrowest time intervals in which the glasses are open and transparent (for example, 5%), at a given value of the control scheme, the eye is so sensitive to light that even small powers of IE (i.e. IE divided by T _on ) are sufficient to achieve a visible improvement in the observed environment, while about 100 - 5% = 95% of interfering light from outside can be suppressed.

The present glare suppression system can be combined with a glare device (dazzler). The bottom line in Fig. 2 relates to this situation and shows how the dazzler receives an on/off signal that is anti-cyclic or inverted with respect to the opening time of the goggles. In addition, it can be seen that the dazzler is limited to an (arbitrarily adjustable) non-zero off value (OFF) of, for example, 0.5% to 5% of its maximum IDAZ intensity, which can be determined, so that it remains visually visible to user without difficulty.

Fig. 3 shows how an anti-glare system can be combined with a display to suppress glare by reflecting onto the display, making the display readable. In this case, the total gamma signal 1 + 2 on the eye always consists of an interference signal and a useful signal. In the simplest case, a software downloaded from the Internet (for example, an application) may already contain a backlit display of a smartphone SP or similar device, such as a tablet or laptop, or a glass display located outside the glasses, in such a way that the above described anti-reflective system. More than 95% of sunlight S and gamma 1 can be suppressed in this way, while the screen light pulses fall clearly into the open time slots of the glasses and the dark-adapted eye.

Synchronization of glasses with the display can be implemented in various ways:

1) In one case, the electronic device is a "master" device, emitting a simple pulsed light, and glasses can only be synchronized optically using their light sensors (external - outside = OS, internal - inside = IS).

2) If necessary, the synchronous information can be exchanged via RF radio between the glasses and the terminal. As a rule, already existing radio systems, such as for example Bluetooth, can be used. Here, the "master" device can remain open, and it's just a matter of programming.

3) In addition, the synchronous SYNC information between the terminal and the glasses can also be transmitted via a cable (eg USB) or in any other possible way. Whichever device is "master" for both can be left open here, and it's just a matter of programming.

Next, reference is made to FIG. four.

For displays and indicators that do not reliably provide background light modulation, some solution is also possible. For displays that have at least uniform background illumination (eg, paper-like displays with "electronic ink" for reading books), another AddLC liquid crystal shutter can be located or fixed on these displays. This additional shutter modulates the opposite uniform (DC), but maximum (or also super-maximum through interference) background light of the display, according to the time intervals of the glasses. If the uniform background illumination can be set to be very bright, this arrangement results in the already described advantages of suppressing glare from external interference sources S, including the described improvement in readability. The optional shutter has its own interfaces for synchronization with the goggles, such as RF2 radio or cable connector (eg USB) or any other SYNC2 access.

In addition, a suitable combination of the above information channels can also be used, such as software ("App"), to activate the rear lighting via RF1 radio, and RF2 radio connection or SYNC2 cable for synchronization with goggles. Also, only optical synchronization is possible using optical sensors OS, IS glasses.

Unlike the on-glass display (HUD) outside the goggles, the "HUD" within the goggles is a special case as shown in FIG. 5 (transparent HUD like "GoogleGalsses" or "GearGlasses" by Samsung, etc.). This results in improved readability due to glare suppression, which is important in case of accidental looking at the sun (the shutter will immediately be fully or almost closed). In addition, some improvement results from the fact that the glasses always control the exact brightness (pretty much a constant setpoint) over a very wide dynamic area, which in turn provides optimal background brightness and/or optimal contrast, regardless of the transparency of the internal HUD, however, when changing the brightness outside. The internal HUD can be read at any time.

The following applies to FIG. 5b.

In the context of work protection, there are very simple anti-glare work goggles worn in the dark, e.g. in research and development laboratories, which must be dark for work (e.g. light and laser experiments, biotechnology), when used by dermatologists during intense pulsed light therapy (IPL therapy) or the like. However, these goggles are often not suitable for the job, as they only have two states, i.e. states "on" and "off", and also react incorrectly, because too few photo sensors are installed outside, which only control the liquid crystal cells, but not in real time (see, for example, DE 10 2014 107 587). In addition, the state of transmission of the work glasses (on or off) in the dark remains unknown, since neither the controller nor the regulator can provide reliable "current values". Even a controller will have the problem in complete darkness (eg, near zero lux) that the current value may be too low to provide reliable and safety-appropriate information about the correct functioning of the liquid crystal cells.

For such situations, each spectacle lens (i.e., left and right) is equipped with an active light shutter LS, containing an active light emitting diode LED and an additional internal sensor IS2, located opposite, and the transmission through the liquid crystal cells in a special way is carried out over a wide analog dynamic range and can measured even in complete darkness.

RGB glare suppression system

Next, reference is made to FIG. 6 and 7.

In particular, in the case of glare suppression systems provided for bulk applications for use by security agencies and organizations (BOS) or the military, an implementation option can be used that allows, for example (for example, for marked purposes), to assign arbitrarily a selectable color of light, which, for example, is clearly visible only to a member of the team, and in a dimmed form, also to its members of the group, while for surrounding people the light appears white.

For this purpose, intrinsic light sources are used, which can be modulated not only in their amplitude or light intensity, but also in their color (wavelength). In addition to wavelength tunable light sources such as oscillators (e.g. OPO, OPA lasers, etc.), in the simplest case, a powerful RGB laser or an RGB light emitting diode can be used, and these are usually , have 3 separately controllable channels, namely the so-called "red, green and blue" primary colors, according to the RGB color model, resulting in a corresponding white light superposition. Other types and combinations of primary colors close to the RGB color model are also possible as they result in completely white light.

The colors R=red, G=green, B=blue of the first channel Ch#1, shown separately in 3 diagrams in FIG. 6 from below (IE for R, G, B) are not necessarily passed at the same time, and blue, for example, can also be passed with a slight time delay after red and green, but so quickly after them (a few milliseconds) that the human brain perceives them not as flickering, but always together as white light.

The difference for the wearer of the glasses regarding the assignment of the channel, however, lies in the color in the time period T _on in which the glasses are open (i.e. TR about 100%), two colors, red and green, are transmitted from the source of own light, while blue skipped only when the glasses are closed again (TR around 0% = turned off - OFF). In FIG. 6, this blue pulse is indicated by "B1 and top line", with the line above the letter indicating "negation". In the context of this document, B1 is negated by "blue, invisible to channel 1". In FIG. 6, this is symbolized by Y above the curly brace because the sum of red and green results in the mixed color yellow. Thus, the wearer of Ch#1 glasses sees a yellow light. Thus, for both the three RGB color channels and the corresponding glasses, at least one multi-channel time division multiplexing method is used.

In channel 2 in Fig. 6, you can see that the red and blue colors R+B are mixed in the time interval in which the glasses are open, which is marked with a curly bracket with M (for magenta, since this color is the result of mixing red and blue). Thus, the wearer of Ch#2 glasses sees a crimson color of light.

In order for the wearer to have an idea of which adjacent channel of theirs is illuminating the target (e.g. for secret marking), the Ch#1 points will only be slightly open in the channel's time frame, e.g. from around 0% (points closed) to a pass 25% (which is arbitrarily adjusted as an example) so that the wearer also sees the wearer's crimson color Ch#2. However, since only 25% is visible, the Ch#1 wearer can be more focused on their own light. Depending on the particular application, the amount of this attenuation can be arbitrarily varied from 0% (hidden from other team members) to 100% (for all others, exactly as bright as their own light source).

In effect, the "equal time signal amplitudes" (solid, dotted, and dashed lines in FIG. 6) overlap. However, for the sake of clarity, in FIG. 6 they are not shown overlapping, but with a minimum offset. The correct situation without this offset is shown in Fig. 7. Here you can see that the glasses or channel Ch#1-Ch#3 are actually approximately the same in width (the same T _on ), and that in the time period of other channels, the corresponding glasses open very easily (for example, about 25% ). Thus, FIG. 7 represents the same situation as in FIG. 6, but with separate channels. Here, the variables x%, y%, z% are intended to indicate that each user can arbitrarily adjust the degree of recognition of other members or colors, according to their role in the team or according to personal preferences.

Fig. 6 shows various illustrative methods for modulating RGB light sources after a cycle time T has elapsed. Similar to the constant energy per pulse (constant pulse area A) method described at the beginning, the RGB light source can also be modulated such that the individual color channels become narrower over time while their intensity becomes higher and/or vice versa. . This is quite possible since an RGB light emitting diode or an RGB laser can be phase or amplitude modulated relatively quickly, in particular at a much higher frequency than eyeglasses. Thus, the exact phase (time position) of a single RGB pulse can easily vary within the goggle opening time T _on , or from full cycle to full cycle (approximately 70 to 140 Hz), or even extremely fast (>>1 kHz ) within one cycle. Due to this extremely fast phase change, each individual RGB channel recognized by other glasses or other receivers can be phase or phase shift modulated (PSK) applied, for example, this can also be used for "optical synchronization" of glasses, with external and the internal sensors of the OS, IS glasses are always fast enough for that. This makes it possible to synchronize points within a team without radio contact (for example, if this is not desirable or not possible).

In addition to color marking objects, this phase modulation can also be encoded with a secret key and secret information content in such a way that other information (for example, object type, name, etc.) in terms of full marking ("full information designation") can be applied to a target or object. This complete information, in turn, can be decoded by external and internal sensors OS, IS or also by separate receiving and decoding units.

In FIG. 6 the division of the third beam through the two from above (IE green) on the right into two temporarily half-long pulses G1' and G1'' (i.e. 2 × ½ T _on ) is shown from the top right and is indicated by A = constant, which corresponds to the constant principle already described energy per impulse. In addition, "xPSK" is present, which means that with two separate pulses, almost any kind of phase modulation is possible, like "double bits", which can vary and jump in phase relation to each other or relative to the time axis - theoretically also QPSK and similar procedures.

The division of the blue pulse into B2' and B2'' (negative in each case from above) is visible in the lower time beam (IE blue), but only at half height, i.e. at amplitude 0.5 I by default. In this example, it also becomes clear that the area A (ie the energy of the pulse array) remains constant. The amplitude information can also be used to convey information, as in the case of AM amplitude modulation, also encoded with a secret key, if necessary. It is also possible to use a combination of any of the FSK, x-PSK and AM methods.

Synchronization of glasses and natural light sources is usually implemented using radio signals, but can also be done optically. Synchronization can be carried out according to some system of hierarchy, in which one participant is always the "master", and all the others are "slave" (if the master fails, the other marked "slave" becomes the "master", etc.). This hierarchy can be defined, for example, in the context of a general initialization program (i.e. before regrouping), but also in the middle of the process (e.g. radio or optical, due to programmed coded recognition, similar to multi-user IT systems such as LAN , WLAN, Token-Ring, etc.).

In addition, this complex multi-user system can operate with a somewhat small number of channels, so that the course of the pulse width modulation of the glasses is somewhat extended (see Fig. 6 in the upper right part of the TR diagram, to the right of the T period indicated by hatching and PWM ). This extension of the pulse width modulation stroke has the advantage that the goggles can still be operated under similar dim light under slightly dark conditions (eg 0 lux to 100 lux). Even in a multi-channel application with invisible color coding, the glasses can operate discreetly like daytime driving glasses for a similar operation to control the level of gloom (as described above).

The eigenlight source need not be exclusively composed of a high performance RGB light emitting diode or an RGB laser, but may also be composed of a high power white light emitting diode, for example, making up the bulk of the eigenlight, while the red-green-blue components are only added for color purposes. This can be achieved by placing at least one or more RGB light emitting diodes/lasers in the headlamp/reflector after the white light emitting diodes.

In the short time period T _on in which the wearer's glasses are open, a specific color is also emitted from the intrinsic light source, in addition to the white light pulse of the same area already shown in FIG. 2 (middle line); The two modulation methods (white light and invisible color coding) can be combined so that a seamlessly functioning complex system remains. The dazzle device (described further above) can still be used in parallel with the invisible color coding described in this document, since it is only turned on when the points of all channels (Ch#1, 2, 3, etc.) respectively closed (minimum transmission).

If necessary, as already described above, the self-light source can still be provided with a secret pulse jumping process, so that, for example, parts of the enemy cannot decode colors and cannot interfere with the entire system (illuminators with goggles). Of course, such a complex system can be combined with improved readability of the displays (FIGS. 3-5).

Enhanced spatial awareness

Due to the limited distance between human eyes, objects at large distances appear increasingly one-dimensional, which limits their visibility. An embodiment of a complex system according to the invention that can provide a solution is shown in FIG. 8. On it you can see the distance between the eyes or the interpupillary distance PD, as well as an arbitrary object 1, which, for example (depending on the range of the two own separated light sources S1(L) and S1(R)), is several hundred meters further (even if, due to the limited size of the image, it appears directly in front of the F glasses). As described above, the glasses F can adjust the brightness completely separately from one another (ie two separate channels/controls) in real time, taking into account intentional differences in brightness (HDR vision) and/or physiological characteristics. However, it is envisaged that the MC microcontroller can also control two separate sources of its own light. They are placed to the right and left of the owner of such a system, but at a greater distance DS1 (L-R) than the interpupillary distance PD of the owner.

The mode of operation essentially corresponds to the RGB encoding described above. The glasses' liquid crystals then open sequentially, but never simultaneously, as shown in the TR(L) and TR(R) diagram. Since this is still a time division multiplexing process, it comes at the expense of free channels (users) so that the system can handle half as many users in a bulk application if all participants wished to use 3D amplification. However, unlike the RGB coding described above, a distinct color is used for the eye, such as yellow Y on the left and magenta M on the right.

For space reasons, not every individual RGB channel is indicated in FIG. 8, but the color of the eye-to-eye channel L, R is distinguishable, for example, by designation R1+G1 in the left channel IE(L). The pulse B1 of light (negative) follows in the "dead" time interval (both lenses are closed), so that outsiders see the external system in neutral white light. In the right channel IE(R) of the eye, for example, R1+B1 is added to M (magenta) in the "dead" time period (both lenses closed), followed by a G1 pulse of green (negative). Thus, the basic principle is essentially identical to RGB encoding, the description of which is referred to for further understanding. In FIG. 8 also shows the phase modulation methods and xSPK methods already described for light beyond the period length T.

In general, this method results in improved 3D perception, which is often referred to as "2.5D" in the specialized literature, since a person cannot see completely beyond the object.

The method also works with a combination of white light and RGB light so that the system for mixing high frequency RGB light emitting diode/laser modules with the above is compatible with light emitting diodes of somewhat slower white light.

The use of pure white light (i.e. without RGB light sources) is also possible, in particular by increasing the distance between the DS1(LR) sources and/or by a noticeable flicker on one side of the left and right channels, for example, with frequency from 2 to 10 Hz, which is possible due to the appropriate control of self-illuminators and glasses.

LIDAR

The described system can be extended so that light reflections from falling or rising particles are obscured in the vicinity of the user. The problem occurs, for example, when driving a snowmobile at night, in which snow flakes appear directly in front of the headlights due to the higher illumination, and interfere with the view to a greater distance inland. This situation is shown in Fig. 9: at a distance d1, the reflective particle RP1 reflects light spectrum 1 in the direction of the driver.

If ultrasonic pulses with pulse durations of a few nanoseconds are generated using a dedicated laser or light emitting diode headlights, they can be controlled according to the LIDAR/LaDAR principle (prior art) during their lifetime by means of an equally fast shutter so that they are open or hidden from users. For this purpose, the shutter lenses are controlled in such a way that they open only at a (later) time t2 after the completion of reflection of light from the own headlight onto the spatially close particle RP1. The time axis in Fig. 9 should also be understood as a spatial axis, since the distances (d = ct) and vice versa are the result of multiplication by the constant speed c of light, and the corresponding durations t are obtained by multiplying the sum of the rays of light to derive the distance traveled divided by the constant speed c of light ( t2 = (d + d1)/c). After passing the light along the distance d (from the headlights to the nearest particles) and d1 (from the nearest particles to the glasses), the time t2 expires. However, if the shutter of the glasses is opened only after the time t2 has elapsed, as represented by TR (=on) in FIG. 9, the pupillary reflex to light is suppressed ("supp" in Fig. 9) and therefore not visible.

Snowflakes or other particles (or mist) are not really invisible - instead, they appear as black dots - but the overall view into space is greatly improved by the reduced brightness of the light.

Recognition or suppression of own light

Next, reference is made to FIG. 10 and 11. A means ambient light, U means interfering light (unwanted, such as sunlight), and W means intrinsic (desired) light. The difference between U and W is as follows:

Since the microcontroller knows the points in time when it turns on its own head light W, it can send a request to an external photosensor, which is more than fast enough, in the time period shortly before (or immediately after) the transmission of the light pulse - in FIG. 10 is shown as N-1 or N+1, where N is the N-th time period of the transmitted light pulse. The following is true:

or discrete query, where N=average value from time period N, in accordance with FIG. ten:

It is assumed that the interfering light does not change significantly over time "shortly before or immediately after" the light pulse, because the period between N-1 and N+1 is very small.

Others may be chosen, such as more sophisticated, experience-based averaging methods, or simply the arithmetic mean. In any case, it is expected that with this method, the value U(N) of the interfering light can be determined in time N with very high accuracy, provided that the ambient light does not change very quickly and does not pulsate by itself. If one assumes that the additional light from the own beam is added to the ambient light in accordance with formula (1), then it is always greater than the ambient light in adjacent time intervals for A (N):

In addition, the normal returned reflection of self-light from distant and not very reflective objects, i.e. from a normal setting/environment (road, forest, field, in a house with large rooms), is small enough compared to massive interference light, like strong sunlight, so that the following is true when massive bright light suppression is applied in an emergency:

Often referred to as "delta", which is added or removed, for very small amounts, so formula (1) can also be written as:

Since Δ(N) is measured 70 times per second in a 70 Hz system, these values can in turn be averaged over, for example, a short non-zero period of time, which is fast enough to adequately protect the eye with respect to potential tripping or dimming of one's own headlights by unintentionally looking at those headlights, for example, for a period of one third or one eighth of a second (x = e.g. 125 ms to 300 ms):

Average value: MΔ (N) = MW (N) = e.g. the changing arithmetic mean of all W (N) over the period T = from t to t+x

This value can then be applied to change the threshold value, or can be used for more even (analogue) down regulation of own headlights.

Example :

S = Decision threshold for emergency stop of own headlights

W(N) <S own headlights continue to operate normally

W (N) >= S own headlights off

As a simplified empirical formula, it can be argued that the emerging light from an empirically determined multiple M (multiplier) of the illuminator serves as a threshold value:

Or, if the person does not want to address U (N), i.e. done regardless of the so-called "scenarios", such as excessive bright light or its absence, then the face only expresses self-correspondingly through the factors W (N), for example:

S = 50% to 500% of the usual experimental value W(N) (8.2).

In FIG. 10, it is assumed that the glasses are in "night mode" in control stop, so that all durations T _on are equally narrow (eg, 5% of the cycle time T). The desired light W(N) is shown as a fully filled black beam in the graph at the center of the image. Since the back reflection from the object is only too weak in normal cases, the black beam is very small for the first two cycles. No matter how much other interference light U shown in the example cycle T is added, the intensity IE1 of the head light shown below remains constant, i. the headlight has already reached its maximum intensity with 16 x IN, for example, which cannot be further increased. However, if the ratio of desired changes to undesired changes changes significantly, as shown in the form 2T (1:1), then the intensity of the head light is reduced R. In an emergency 3T it can be turned off (IE close to zero).

Measurement with internal IS sensor - in combination with short one-time reflections

In addition, delta, i.e. W(N), may be measured as an alternative to the above method or for the purposes of testing in cycle T as described above, in the following order, solely and exclusively only in the next 2T cycle, the lamp S instead of the expected pulse of light, thus makes a pulse disappearing light. Because this individual “drop” in a 2T cycle is only one of a total of 70 light pulses per second (in the case of a 70 Hz system), it is not noticed by the user or outsiders.

If a constant (DC) light is present, or if the goggles are fired in sync with an alternating (AC) interfering light, then the face may even assume that the interfering light does not change much in the very short time span N-1, N, N+1 and remains in more constant from one T cycle to the next 2T cycle:

Then, the internal IS sensor can measure the delta W(N) in the T cycle, while in the 2T cycle this delta W(N) is no longer present due to the own head light being switched off. Thus, in the same time interval N, it can happen that an additional measurement W(N) can be carried out by means of an external sensor (in time intervals N-1, N, N+1). If a person uses both methods (i.e., an internal sensor with a light source and a light sensor immediately after turning off) at the same time, then the accuracy and reliability of the W(N) measurement can be increased due to such duplication. Conflicting or non-logical measurements can be detected and corrected accordingly by simultaneously applying both methods via the microcontroller.

No constant (DC) background light source, but an occasional look at your own light source

In an emergency, it can be assumed that in the case of a very dark night and a clear view (for example, all alone in the forest), the following is true:

U(N) = 0

From the above formula (2) = A (N) = U (N) + W (N) it follows that the following is true:

A(N)=W(N)

In this case, the goggles can also be fully open/clear, while the headlamp can also be on permanently or explicitly or more permanently (e.g. with separate measurement pulses every 300 ms), so that the delta measurements described above are also may take place. The glasses can automatically switch back to the normal PWM modulation mode only when a sudden obstruction occurs.

Strong alternating (AC) background light source, e.g. electric artificial light source, e.g. from a low voltage network with a frequency of 50/60 Hz

External sensor OS or OL, while OS has three main characteristics:

1) It is comparatively much faster than industrial artificial lighting (100-120Hz) and can trigger it electronically and can be easily detected by microcontrollers.

2) It is also standardized as a measuring device (it can output values in lux or comparable lighting units or corresponding voltage equivalents) and are evaluated against the sensitivity curve of the human eye so that it also measures light intensity.

3) It is preferably, but not necessary, identical to the internal IS sensor so that the microcontroller can instantaneously measure "compensation measurements" in real time between the interior (via the light emitting diode) and the exterior (bypassing the light emitting diode).

If only one single artificial light source predominates, so that a harmonic 100/120 Hz oscillation can be detected by an external sensor, it determines the start time T _Null of the main PWM frequency, with the maximum brightness of the external light source always exactly at the beginning of the cycle and can be measured immediately an external OS sensor as well as an internal IS sensor. The internal IS sensor can also measure this maximum brightness of the artificial light source, since the goggles are always “open” at the beginning of the cycle, i.e. the liquid crystal cell is transparent. So the outer OS sensor and the inner IS sensor basically measure the same light, but with the slight difference that the transparent light emitting diode is placed in front of the inner IS sensor, so that the IS receives slightly less light - i.e. minus the temperature-dependent and age-dependent transmission in the continuous state - for example, 50% less with crossed polarizers (polarizer-analyzer position).

In addition, the internal and external sensors IS1 and OS1 are also very close in space on an imaginary axis, for example, with a separation of no more than 3 mm, also called "measuring pairs No. 1" (MP1). Thus, even spatial frequencies OF (in the broadest sense - "striped pattern") with an OF value > 3 mm can by no means lead to measurement errors. In addition, an additional measurement pair MP2, consisting of IS2 and OS2, is in each case orthogonal to the above measurement pair MP1, so that staggered configurations, i.e. spatial frequencies that run perpendicular to the above spatial frequencies can be appropriately detected if they exceed 3 mm. Both measurement pairs (MP1 and MP2) provide values that can be estimated by the microcontroller such that "geometric averages" can be formed according to an imaginary triangle between the center point position of the pupil and the placement of the sensor.

Combining within a single loop

The internal IS sensor measures the light incident through the LC and combines this light during the wait initialization phase into the very first cycle of 100 or 120 Hz in which the goggles remain fully open (see FIG. 11). Because it is only the single cycle of a synchronous 100 or 120 Hz system (ie, out of an additional 109 or 119 controllable cycles to follow), the human eye does not perceive it. However, the first result of the union of the cycle T is present.

If the IS sensor forms an integral with, for example, a constant (constant (DC) interfering light), then the result is a straight ascending line (see Fig. 11) which, after exceeding a given threshold value (a given activator), causes the glasses to completely close ( hard amplitude keying by means of PWM). This also has the advantage that the solution and the reaction are still carried out within the respective cycle T without T+1 or T-1 or other additional cycles to be included, which would normally be necessary in the case of a "similar mathematical calculation in the frequency domain of the APID controller. So there is no need for a Fourier transform - no FFT, no FT, DFT, etc.

Thus, in this case, the so-called control is "hard" and reacts in real time already in the cycle T to the set value - also called "microscopic control".

The so-called "macroscopic control":

However, this microscopic pooling value from the Nth cycle can be stored in a volatile intermediate memory so that it can be used as a "floating/sliding value for average correction", i.e. for additional consecutive union values. The macroscopic value of the pooling is approximately within a quarter or a third of a 100 Hz or 120 Hz cycle (ie, within imperceptible fractions of a second).

Thus, the regulation always reacts correctly in the case of pulsating artificial light. In FIG. 11 shows the initialization phase with still unknown output or unknown external luminance (estimating beta), then in cycle 2 followed by a cycle (estimating alpha) normalized to 1 or maximum luminance and a modulation stroke involving the integral ( T _off ) when the target Thres is reached.

The third cycle, for example, shows how the outdoor brightness has been increased, as well as fluctuating. The corresponding integral (plot in the center of the image) now runs steeper, so that the set Thres value is reached faster, and therefore the points close earlier in time - thus, T _OFF is longer than the previous cycle. The integral values are set to zero at the end of each cycle so that each cycle is controlled in real time as it passes TR.

Scenario: Several powerful AC background light sources, such as electrical artificial lights, such as from different networks, so that mixed frequencies occur.

The combination of different overlapping frequencies may cause the external sensor to no longer be able to synchronize to a certain interfering frequency. However, this can also be advantageous because the combination is represented as "noise" on the waveform, which is largely more pitted and interrupted by ambient light than the stable "background noise" caused by aliasing. In this case, the goggles or microcontrollers will reject the synchronization attempt and simply switch to the normal set operating frequency, eg 70 Hz, to operate at it unintentionally, in accordance with the above combination scheme.

Scenario: Several high power pulsed back light sources, such as electric light sources like a light emitting diode, such as present or similar systems.

Due to the instant pooling within the cycle, the glasses can be closed as soon as the threshold is reached. Since the dynamic range and measurement speed of the external and internal sensors is always greater and better than that of the human eye, critical intensities and detrimental functioning such as too short high energy light pulses such as those from modulated pulsed lasers can be avoided. quality factor or pulsed light emitting diodes.

The human eye can no longer perceive and respond to some increasing intensity with pulses that are getting shorter and shorter, at the same time that the cornea and retina are in danger of being damaged.

Reaction points in case of doubt:

Thus goggles tend to "close" (eye protection) at high intensities - while they tend to "open" in the case of low intensities, however, in the case of chaotic disordered frequency patterns that may be out of sync, a kind of "average brightness" is determined. » by combining and averaging over several T cycles (for example, over 300 ms), as if there were noise or a nearly uniform source - whereas, however, this occurs mainly in night vision with PWM and the dark range (open on time PWM span from 5% to approximately 20% with appropriately pulsating head light).

Bibliography

List of patent literature

DE 10 2012 217 326 A1

DE 101 34 770 A1

DE 2 001 086 A,

EP 0 813 079 A2

US 2,066,680 A

US 5,172,256

WO 2013/143 998 A2

List of non-patent literature

Adrian, W. and Bhanji, A .: "Fundamentals of disability glare. A formula to describe stray light in the eye as a function of the glare angle and age.” Proceedings of the first international symposium on glare control, 1991, Orlando, Florida, pp. 185-194.

Douglas Mace, Philip Garvey, Richard J. Porter, Richard Schwab, Werner Adrian: Counter-measures for Reducing the Effects of Headlight Glare; Prepared for: The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington DC, December 2001.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gert Hauske: " Systemtheorie der visuellen Wahrnehmung ", Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart, 1994

Claims (20)

1. A system for improving visibility by suppressing glare, comprising: glasses for a wearer with at least one eye containing at least one spectacle lens; moreover, the specified at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is configured such that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states; and means for controlling or adjusting the durations of the high transmission state (T _on ) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); a light source for blinding a living being, an optical sensor or a camera that shines during a low transmission state (T _off ) of a liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and the blinding light source is performed such that the time position of the durations of the high transmission state (T _on ) during the high transmission state (T _on ) and the low transmission state (T _off ) can change continuously or spasmodically; and/or the duration of the period of the high transmission state (T _on ) and the low transmission state (T _off ) varies continuously or stepwise, said changes being determined by the secret encoding key. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a second source (S) of light; means for controlling or adjusting illumination durations and light intensity of the light source (S) so that it shines during the high transmission state (T _on ) of the liquid crystal cell (LC). 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the second light source is a display. 4. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the glasses further comprise at least one sensor (IL, IR) for measuring the brightness of visible light incident on said at least one sensor; moreover, the specified at least one sensor is located on the spectacle lens from the side of the eye; moreover, the specified at least one sensor measures the brightness through the specified at least one spectacle lens; the glasses further comprise a feedback control circuit (MC) for adjusting the transmission of the liquid crystal cell (LC); moreover, a predetermined value for the brightness on the eye of the glasses wearer is predetermined; wherein the control circuit takes the brightness measured by said sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensor (IL, IR) contains: an imaging system with a camera, or at least 3 sensors that overlay the coordinate system, or a compound eye; glasses additionally contain an eye tracker (ET) configured to determine the direction of observation of the eye; the specified sensor can determine the brightness of the visible light that falls on it from the direction of observation of the eye, determined by the eye tracker (ET); and the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the current value. 6. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the liquid crystal cell (LC) is designed in such a way that it can change its transmission from 90% to 10% and from 10% to 90% within a maximum of 10 ms. 7. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the spectacle frame closes said at least one eye of the spectacle wearer in an opaque manner against ambient light. 8. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 4-7, characterized in that the set value of the control circuit sets the brightness on the eye, which is from 20 to 400 lux. 9. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 4-8, characterized in that the brightness of the ambient light is obtained from the set value and the control signal of the control circuit. 10. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 4-9, characterized in that at least one additional sensor (OL, OR) brightness is located on the side of the glasses, facing away from the eye (external sensor), and determines the brightness of the ambient light. 11. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 9-10, characterized in that the set value of the control circuit can be changed depending on the brightness of the ambient light; and wherein the setpoint change is at least 10 times slower than the transmission control of the liquid crystal cell. 12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that the set value is changed by means of predefined steps; moreover, the step change of the set value is slower at least 100 times than the transmission control of the liquid crystal cell, and has hysteresis in its operation. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control means is configured to respond to sudden changes in brightness values within 10 ms to one second in such a way that the liquid crystal cell (LC) enters a low transmission state. 14. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13, characterized in that it contains two spectacle lenses for two eyes of the owner of the glasses; two sensors located on the side of the eye to measure the brightness of the visible light incident on the respective eye; and a control scheme for each eye. 15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that the set values for the two eyes differ from each other by a value from 1% to 60%. 16. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that when adjusting the brightness of the visible light incident on the eye, the brightness control for the other eye is taken into account. 17. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains light sources located on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the eye; moreover, the light sources are controlled depending on the direction of observation of the wearer of the glasses. 18. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 4-17, characterized in that the measured values of the sensors and/or the set values of the control circuits and/or the brightness of the environment obtained from them are associated with the geo-coordinates signal of the geo-coordinates receiver and recorded. 19. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-18, characterized in that said at least one spectacle lens contains an additional liquid crystal cell, the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means, and said additional liquid crystal cell is located behind the liquid crystal cell in the direction of observation or in front of it. 20. A method for improving visibility by suppressing glare, comprising the steps of: providing glasses for a wearer having at least one eye; wherein the glasses comprise at least one spectacle lens; moreover, the specified at least one spectacle lens contains a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission of which can be changed by a suitable control means; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is configured such that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) can be switched between high transmission and low transmission states; wherein the glasses further comprise means for controlling the durations of the high transmission state (T _on ) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); providing a light source for blinding a living being, an optical sensor or a camera that shines during a low transmission state (T _off ) of a liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and the blinding light source is performed such that the time position of the durations of the high transmission state (T _on ) during the high transmission state (T _on ) and the low transmission state (T _off ) can change continuously or spasmodically; and/or the duration of the period of the high transmission state (T _on ) and the low transmission state (T _off ) varies continuously or stepwise, said changes being determined by the secret encoding key.

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