RU2780185C1 - Machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolysers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolytic cells in the field of non-ferrous metallurgy and is used for punching (destruction) of an electrolyte crust in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum and for transporting and unloading (distributing) bulk materials onto the electrolyte crust of the cell, mainly during local processing. Machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolytic cells contains a self-propelled wheel frame with a driver's workplace and a working body for breaking the electrolyte crust, made in the form of an articulated multi-link, equipped with an inertial crank mechanism, and located in the front part of the machine in front of the workplace, made in the form of a closed cabin type, while the crank mechanism is made with the possibility of extension during operation to the right relative to the self-propelled wheel frame, a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it against the crust and a hopper for loading raw materials into the electrolytic cell with an unloading pipe, which in the transport position is located obliquely at an angle forward and upward along the side wall of the bunker and the side wall of the cabin in the dimensions of the machine with the possibility of lowering the unloading end along an arc across the longitudinal axis of the machine.

EFFECT: increase in productivity and reduction in costs, including due to the possibility of both breaking through the electrolyte crust and loading raw materials onto the crust by one machine.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, namely to industrial machines for technological maintenance of electrolyzers for producing aluminum by the electrolytic method, and can be used for punching (destruction) of the electrolyte crust in the electrolytic cell for aluminum production and for transporting and unloading (distributing) bulk materials, for example, alumina, fluoride salts, mixtures thereof or similar materials (hereinafter referred to as raw materials) on the cell electrolyte crust, mainly during local processing.

State of the art

When aluminum is produced by electrolysis from molten cryolite containing dissolved alumina, an electrolyte crust is formed on the surface of the melt in the “board-anode” space, which must be periodically broken through (destroyed) according to the requirements of the technology. After punching the crust, it is necessary to load (sprinkle) raw materials onto the surface of the destroyed crust.

A machine for punching an electrolyte crust in an aluminum electrolytic cell is known from the prior art (patent for invention RU No. 2760148, C25C3 / 14, publ. 11/22/2021), which contains a self-propelled frame, on wheels with a driver's workplace in a closed cabin a working body installed in front of the cabin that destroys the electrolyte crust, equipped with a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it against the crust.

The disadvantage of the known machine, when carrying out local processing of the electrolytic cell, is the impossibility after punching the crust to promptly deliver alumina and load the alumina onto the crust. Loading alumina onto the crust requires an additional machine to load the alumina onto the surface of the crust, which reduces productivity and is more costly.

From the prior art, a machine is known for transporting and unloading bulk materials into an electrolytic cell (utility model patent RU No. 162284, С25С3/00, publ. a bunker located behind the cabin with a flexible discharge pipe for unloading bulk raw materials onto the electrolyzer crust.

The disadvantage of the known machine is not enough good visibility from the driver's workplace to the distribution site, since the distribution of bulk raw materials into the electrolyzer is carried out behind the driver when the machine is moving forward and the driver must constantly turn his head forward in the direction of movement and back to the distribution site, which is not safe. In addition, due to the short length of the folding flexible pipe, the machine is unsafe during operation due to the fact that when unloading raw materials into the electrolytic cell with a cut-through crust, the machine moves close to an open bath with molten aluminum at a temperature of about 900 degrees, which is unsafe. At the same time, before the distribution of raw materials, the machine cannot carry out the punching of the crust. To punch the crust, it is necessary to use an additional machine for punching the crust, which reduces the productivity of the work and is more costly.

The use of two machines when carrying out local processing of the cell increases the cost of fuel, lubricants, spare parts, consumables, maintenance and repair, requires the work of two driver-operators to control two different machines.

From the prior art, a machine is known for servicing aluminum electrolyzers (author's certificate for the invention No. 308092, С25С3 / 14, priority dated July 21, 1969), which contains a self-propelled portal frame on a wheel-rail track, a working body that destroys the electrolyte crust, equipped with a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it against the crust, a hopper for unloading alumina into an electrolytic cell with an unloading pipe.

The disadvantage of the known machine is its bulkiness, increased design complexity and increased metal consumption, which reduces productivity and is more expensive.

The closest analogue in technical essence is a device for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolyzers (author's certificate for the invention No. 396422, H05B1 / 00, C25C3 / 04, priority dated 03.29. body for the destruction of the electrolyte crust in the form of a gear, equipped with a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it to the crust, a hopper with an unloading pipe for distributing alumina, made in the form of an auger or a pneumatic chute. The cabin driver's workplace does not have an open type, located in front of the device.

The disadvantage of analogue is the uncomfortable working conditions of the driver due to the fact that there is no pressurized closed cabin. In addition, from the driver's workplace, the visibility to the treatment area is not good enough, since both the destruction of the crust and the distribution of alumina into the electrolyzer is carried out behind the driver when the machine is moving forward and the driver must constantly turn his head forward in the direction of movement and back to the treatment area, which is not safely. Also, the disadvantages of the known machine include an increased metal consumption of the machine, due to the need to install counterweights on it, so that the whole mass of the machine can effectively push through and destroy the crust with a gear wheel. These shortcomings reduce the productivity of work, the work is not safe, all this leads to increased costs.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to create a universal, multifunctional self-propelled machine for punching the electrolyte crust and transporting and unloading raw materials onto the electrolyte crust of the electrolytic cell for aluminum production, mainly during local processing.

The technical result of the invention is to provide comfortable and safe working conditions for the driver, increase productivity and reduce the cost of processing the cell, including due to multifunctionality.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolytic cells, containing a self-propelled wheel frame 1 with a driver's workplace and a working body for breaking the electrolyte crust, equipped with a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it against the crust, a hopper for raw materials 10 with an unloading pipe, what is new is that the working body for the destruction of the electrolyte crust is made in the form of a hinged multi-link 5, equipped with an inertial crank mechanism 6, and is located in the front part of the machine in front of the workplace, made in the form of a cabin 2 of a closed type, while the crank mechanism 6 is made with the possibility of extension during operation to the right relative to the self-propelled wheel frame 1, and the unloading pipe in the transport position 11 is located obliquely, at an angle forward and upward along the side wall of the bin 16 and the side wall of the cabin 17 in the overall dimensions of the machine, and is made with the possibility of lowering the unloading end about the arc 12 across the longitudinal axis of the machine.

The invention is complemented by private distinguishing features that contribute to the achievement of the task.

The working body for the destruction of the crust is made with the possibility of movement by means of a hydraulic cylinder 8, and the unloading pipe is made with the possibility of lowering by means of a hydraulic cylinder 14 due to its rotation.

The opposite end of the unloading end of the pipe 11 is connected to the hopper 10 above the air chute 18, which in turn is located at the bottom of the raw material bin 10.

The unloading pipe in the transport position 11 is inclined at an angle of 20 - 80 degrees, preferably about 45 degrees.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the machine in the projection ¾ on the top right, front, in the transport position, in Fig. 2 shows a general view of the machine from the right, in Fig. 3 shows a general view of the machine from the front in the position when the raw material is unloaded onto the cell crust, FIG. 4 shows a general view of the machine from the front in the position when punching the crust.

List of structural elements:

1 - self-propelled wheel frame;

2 - cabin;

3 - wheels;

4 - transport position of the working body for the destruction of the crust;

5 - articulated multi-link;

6 - crank mechanism;

7 - crust;

8 - hydraulic cylinder;

9 - working position of the working body;

10 - bunker for raw materials;

11 – transport position of the unloading pipe;

12 - arc of lowering the pipe;

13 – unloading position of the unloading pipe;

14 - hydraulic cylinder;

15 - axis of rotation;

16 - side wall of the bunker;

17 - side wall of the cab;

18 - aeroslide;

19 - electrolyzer.

The machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolytic cells contains a self-propelled wheel frame 1, the driver's workplace in the cabin 2 of a closed type. The movement of the self-propelled trolley along the electrolysis building is carried out on wheels 3.

In front of the self-propelled wheel frame 1, in front of the cabin 2, a working body is installed for breaking the crust (in the transport position 4 and in the working position 9), made in the form of a hinged multi-link 5, equipped with an inertial crank mechanism 6. Moving in a vertical plane due to lifting - lowering and pressing against the crust 7 of the working body to destroy the crust is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder 8. The crank mechanism 6 is made with the ability to move to the right relative to the self-propelled wheel frame 1 from the transport position 4 to the working position 9 until contact with the crust 7 due to the hydraulic cylinder 8.

Behind the cabin 2 there is a hopper for raw materials 10 with an unloading pipe in the transport position 11. From the transport position 11, the unloading pipe has the ability to lower the unloading end along the arc 12, across the longitudinal axis of the machine to the position of unloading 13 raw materials on the crust 7. Lowering the unloading pipe from the transport position 11 is produced by a hydraulic cylinder 14 due to the rotation of the unloading pipe on the axis of rotation 15. In the transport position 11, the unloading pipe is inclined, at an angle forward and upward along the side wall of the hopper 16 and the side wall of the cab 17 and is located in the transport clearance of the machine. The end of the pipe, opposite to the unloading end of the unloading pipe, is connected to the hopper 10 above the air chute 18, which is located in the lower part of the hopper 10. The cell is indicated by the position 19.

Machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolyzers works as follows.

The loading of raw materials into the hopper 10 of the machine is carried out in the loading area of machines from shop silos. The machine loaded with raw materials moves under its own power to the electrolysis building, where the crust is first punched (Fig. 4).

To punch the crust 7, the machine moves along the cell 19. The working body for breaking the electrolyte crust from the transport position 4 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 8 to the right of the machine to the working position 9 and lowered until it comes into contact with the crust 7 due to the hinged multi-link 5. When the working body is switched on to position 9 , reciprocating movements of the crank mechanism 6, the peak (not shown), located at the end of the crank mechanism 6, rests with a blow on the crust 7, receiving a push upwards, simultaneously destroying the crust 7. The machine moves along the cell 19 and continuous reciprocating movements of the peaks of the crank mechanism 6 destroys the crust 7 along the path of the machine. The peak located in front of the cab has good visibility during operation.

Upon completion of the destruction of the crust 7, the working body from the working position 9 is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder 8 to the transport position 4 and is installed in the overall dimensions of the machine.

After punching the crust 7, according to the requirements of the technology, the raw materials are unloaded onto the crust. To unload raw materials on the crust 7, the driver, driving the machine, moves along the cell 19, the unloading pipe, rotating the hydraulic cylinder 14 on the axis 15, lowers the unloading pipe from the transport position 11 to the unloading position 13 along the arc of lowering the pipe 12. Having lowered the unloading pipe from the transport position 11 to the unloading position 13 includes an air chute 18. Due to the aero chute 18, the raw material from the hopper 10 flows by gravity into the unloading pipe to the unloading position 13 and from it enters the surface of the crust 7 of the cell 19. The machine moves along the cell 19 and continuously unloads the raw material onto the crust 7. Due to the fact that the unloading pipe in the transport position 11 is inclined, at an angle of 30 - 80 degrees, preferably about 45 degrees, forward and upward along the side wall of the hopper 16 and the side wall of the cabin 17, the driver has good visibility from the workplace in the cabin 2 to the unloading end of the unloading pipe in the transport position 11, and descending along the arc 12 to the position unloading 13 of raw materials, the pipe has good visibility when unloading raw materials on the peel 7.

Upon completion of the unloading of raw materials on the crust 7, the unloading pipe from the unloading position 13 is lifted by the hydraulic cylinder 14 due to rotation on the axis 15 to the transport position 11 and is installed in the overall dimensions of the machine, along the side wall of the hopper 16 and the side wall of the cabin 17. Then the work process is repeated.

The difference from the closest analogue in the technical solution is the use in the design of the machine:

- instead of an open one, a safe workplace is used in a closed-type cabin that protects the driver from harmful production factors that take place in the electrolysis building;

- a more powerful working body that destroys the crust without increasing the mass of the machine, installed together with improved visibility from the workplace to the zone of crust destruction during operation;

– unloading pipe located obliquely, at an angle forward-up along the side wall of the bunker and the side wall of the cab, providing improved visibility from the workplace to the unloading pipe during operation;

– increased length of the discharge pipe, which allows the machine to move at a greater, safer distance from the open bath of molten aluminum, which increases safety.

The positive results of the prototype machine made according to the claims of the invention are confirmed by theoretical calculations and production tests carried out in the electrolysis building of an aluminum plant.

Claims (6)

1. A machine for mechanized processing of aluminum electrolyzers, containing a self-propelled wheel frame 1 with a driver’s workplace and a working body for breaking the electrolyte crust, equipped with a device for moving in a vertical plane and pressing it against the crust, a hopper for raw materials 10 with an unloading pipe, characterized in that that the working body for the destruction of the electrolyte crust is made in the form of a hinged multilink 5, equipped with an inertial crank mechanism 6, and is located in the front part of the machine in front of the workplace, made in the form of a cabin 2 of a closed type, while the crank mechanism 6 is made with the possibility extension during operation to the right relative to the self-propelled wheel frame 1, and the unloading pipe in the transport position 11 is inclined, at an angle forward and upward along the side wall of the hopper 16 and the side wall of the cab 17 in the overall dimensions of the machine, and is made with the possibility of lowering the unloading end along the arc 12 across longitudinal axis of the machine. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working body for breaking the crust is made movable by means of a hydraulic cylinder 8. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the unloading pipe is made with the possibility of lowering by means of a hydraulic cylinder 14 due to its rotation. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposite end of the unloading end of the pipe 11 is connected to the hopper 10 above the air slide 18. 5. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the air slide 18 is located in the lower part of the hopper for raw materials 10. 6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the unloading pipe in the transport position 11 is inclined at an angle of 20 - 80 degrees, preferably about 45 degrees.

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