RU2780070C1 - Composite film - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: composite materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a composite film, preferably intended for use in construction and/or for use as a construction film. The film contains at least one functional layer, at least one outer protective layer and at least one inner protective layer, with the functional layer located between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer. According to the invention, it is provided that the functional layer is made in the form of at least a single-layer membrane layer, the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer are made in the form of a polyolefin-containing layer of non-woven material and the outer protective layer and/or inner protective layer contains at least one bicomponent fiber with the first component and the second component, and as a component the first component contains the first polymer, and the second component contains the second polymer, and the composite film is made to allow diffusion, and moreover, the functional layer as a material contains thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or consists of it.

EFFECT: invention provides a composite film that has good resistance to atmospheric influences, high resistance to UV radiation and, thus, can be used for a longer period of time and provide the required characteristics of resistance to weather conditions, as well as through the use of bicomponent fiber in at least one protective layer can significantly increase its mechanical strength.

29 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a composite film, preferably for use in construction and/or preferably for use as a building film. The composite film contains at least one functional layer. In addition, the composite film contains at least one outer protective layer and at least one inner protective layer. The functional layer is located between the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer.

Composite films that are used in the construction industry serve to protect buildings, building materials and/or to cover, in particular, buildings. In particular, composite films can be used as façade films, building films and/or roofing membranes.

However, according to the invention, the composite film can also be used in other areas, for example in agriculture, as a geotextile and/or in the packaging industry.

Finally, the composite film may serve to maintain the durability of objects, in particular buildings and/or building materials. For example, the composite film may be used for weather protection, in particular against rain, snow, moisture, cold, heat and/or wind. Therefore, the composite film can also be called a protective film.

From practice, various composite films are known, which have a multilayer structure or a structure consisting of several layers. However, these films have a number of disadvantages. Thus, multilayer composite films known in practice with high vapor permeability, i.e. with an S _d value of less than 0.1 m, cannot provide the mechanical properties required for the respective application and still guarantee a good bond between the individual layers.

The functional layer known from practice ensures the watertightness, vapor permeability and/or windproofness of the composite film. The outer protective layers serve to protect the functional layer, in particular under mechanical stress. However, this protection usually cannot be provided for a long period of time, in particular more than 10 years, while maintaining a high mechanical resistance of the protective layers. In addition, protective layers that can be easily bonded to other layers of the composite film result in high production costs.

The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages of the prior art.

According to the invention, the above problem is solved by means of a composite film of the type indicated in the introduction, in that the functional layer is made in the form of at least a single-layer membrane layer, and the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer are made in the form of a layer of non-woven material containing polyolefin, and in that the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer comprises at least one bicomponent fiber with a first component and a second component, the first component containing the first polymer and the second component containing the second polymer as a component.

Under the outer protective layer may be understood as a protective layer that faces the external atmosphere, if the composite film is used for weather protection. However, it is also possible in principle for the composite film to be used for other than weather protection. In this case, the arrangement of the outer protective layer and the inner protective layer may be interchangeable. However, in particular, the inner protective layer will face the object to be protected, such as the interior of a building, a building material, or the like.

According to the invention, the composite film has very good weather resistance and at the same time high UV resistance. Thus, the composite film can be used for a longer period of time and, during this period of time, it can provide, at least in large part, the required weather resistance characteristics. In particular, the composite film has a service life of more than 10 years, preferably 15 to 60 years.

The use of a bicomponent fiber in at least one protective layer makes it possible to significantly increase the strength of the composite film as a whole, preferably by at least 10%, more preferably by 20-70%.

The protective layer containing the bicomponent fiber has the advantage over prior art nonwoven layers, in particular polypropylene or polyethylene nonwoven layers, in that it provides increased mechanical strength. In addition, the protective layer containing the bicomponent fiber can be made hydrophobic (water-repellent). The increased strength has proven to be particularly advantageous in the case of prolonged and/or increased mechanical stress on the composite film. If, for example, the composite film is used as a roofing membrane, in particular a roofing membrane and/or underlayment membrane, it is subjected to mechanical stress not only during installation, but also when the roof is walked on, for example by roofers.

In one particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the functional layer is made as a monolithic membrane layer. By a monolithic membrane layer is meant in particular a membrane layer which has closed pores and/or has no pores. Monolithic membrane layers can in particular provide particularly good protection against slanting rain while being open to diffusion. Unlike a conventional microporous membrane layer, moisture can actively migrate along molecular chains through diffusion.

Further, the membrane layer refers to a layer which has a selective permeability. In principle, the membranes can have different properties and, in particular, be formed as films or textiles. Membrane layers, for example, when used as or as part of a roofing membrane, ensure that external weather factors do not adversely affect the interior of the building.

As material, the functional layer preferably comprises a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin and/or consists of such a material. In addition, in particular, an elastomeric and/or thermoplastic material, preferably a polyurethane polymer, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), is provided as a material for the functional layer. Preferably, the functional layer consists of thermoplastic polyurethane. The TPU film has a high mechanical resistance and in particular is at least substantially weather and/or environmentally resistant.

In addition, the functional layer may have a grammage, or areal density, of less than 100 g/m ² . In particular, the basis weight is 1 to 70 g/m ² , more preferably 3 to 40 g/m ² . Particularly preferably, the surface density of the functional layer is from 4 to 30 g/m ² , in particular from 5 to 25 g/m ² .

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the ideas of the invention, it is provided that the functional layer comprises at least two membrane layers. On the one hand, these membrane layers can be designed in different ways. On the other hand, at least two membrane layers can be made substantially identical. In particular, in the case of a three-layer structure of the functional layer, it can be provided that the outer layers that surround the middle layer are at least essentially identical. Identical embodiment is to be understood in particular as meaning that the membrane layers have the same surface properties and/or contain the same material and/or have the same material composition. Finally, identical membrane layers can be made functionally identical. For example, the areal densities of identical membrane layers may differ from each other by less than 5 g/m ² .

The membrane layers can preferably have the same or different proportions of additives, in particular as regards the relative amount of additives and/or the type or material of the additive or additives. In particular, at least two membrane layers, preferably outer membrane layers, may contain at least essentially the same or identical material, preferably TPU, with additives of various additives. The addition of additives can be indicated or reflected in terms of different amounts or masses of additives, based on the volume and/or area of the membrane layer and/or total amount, and/or different composition of additives.

It is particularly preferred that at least one membrane layer of the functional layer, in particular the membrane layer preferably facing the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer, contains thermoplastic copolyester (TPEE) and/or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as material. and/or consisted of this material. In addition, in one preferred embodiment of the ideas of the invention, the functional layer can be formed from TPEE layers and/or TPU layers and/or TPEE layers and TPU layers. In particular, the TPEE layers and/or the TPU layers and/or the membrane layers of the functional layer are permanently connected to each other, in particular permanently. TPEE layers have good, i.e. high resistance to tear propagation with high strength as well as stiffness, while providing resistance to liquids. The monolithic TPEE membrane is particularly easy to extrude and is also suitable for thin films. In addition, the TPEE membrane allows extrusion lamination with polypropylene nonwovens. In particular, a TPEE-containing membrane film is suitable (and technically advantageous) for a multilayer co-extruded film, in particular a co-extruded composite film.

In particular, thermoplastic polyurethane is inherently flame retardant and has good performance under long-term aging conditions, preferably over a service life of more than 10 years.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the material of the functional layer, in particular thermoplastic polyurethane, contains at least 10%, preferably from 15% to 100%, more preferably from 20% to 70%, of a material derived from renewable raw materials. Renewable raw materials (NawaRo or NR, from the German nachwachsende Rohstoff) are, in particular, organic raw materials obtained from agricultural and forestry production and purposefully used by humans for other purposes outside the field of food and feed.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least one outer membrane layer and/or inner membrane layer of the multilayer functional layer comprises and/or consists of a foamed polymer. The outer foam layer of the functional layer during the extrusion lamination process can be "clung" to the outer protective layers, i.e. to the outer and/or inner protective layer, which improves adhesion to the protective layers, in particular the protective layers formed as a layer of non-woven polypropylene. The outer membrane layer of the functional layer containing the foamed polymer is therefore preferably in any case connected to the outer and/or inner protective layer, also by partial embedding. Partial penetration may be due to delayed cooling due to the polymer foam layer. In addition, turbulence during stirring in the pressing device, which occurs during the manufacture, in particular calendering, of the composite film, can also contribute to partial penetration. In particular, the foamed polymer layer penetrates into the open pores on the outer side of the protective layer facing the foamed polymer layer, and as a result leads to a strong bond with the protective layers.

To ensure tightness when punctured by a nail, a system of internal membrane layers containing a foamed polymer can be provided.

In particular, the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer can be made as a layer of non-woven material, preferably heat-strengthened, or needled, or wet-strengthened. As the nonwoven material layer, a polyolefin nonwoven material can be provided, in particular a nonwoven material layer containing and/or consisting of polypropylene is provided. It is highly preferred that the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer be made as a needle-punched propylene nonwoven layer. The non-woven material layer in particular ensures the mechanical properties of the composite film and furthermore guarantees the protection of the functional layer sandwiched between the protective layers.

The outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer is particularly preferably made as a spunbond layer. The spunbonded nonwoven or spunbonded nonwoven layer comprises a nonwoven of fibers of at least substantially unlimited length, ie long fibers.

The spunbonded nonwoven fibers provided in the outer and/or inner backsheet are preferably bicomponent fibers. Thus, a spunbond nonwoven layer made from continuous fibers can be made from continuous bicomponent fibers.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the ideas of the invention, the areal density, or grammage, of the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer can be less than or equal to 250 g/m ² . Preferably, said basis weight is 1 to 250 g/m ² , more preferably 10 to 150 g/m ² , preferably 20 to 120 g/m ² , in particular 30 to 100 g/m ² . In this case, the grammage of the protective layers is chosen so that at the lowest possible total surface density of the composite film, such necessary properties of the composite film as, in particular, elasticity, stability, tear strength and/or resistance to tear propagation can be sufficiently provided, while The composite film, thanks to the outer protective layers, which can also be called carrier layers, provides mechanical protection for the functional layer.

The inner and outer protective layers may have different grammage (different areal density), different material composition and/or may contain different bicomponent fibers. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the inner and outer protective layers are at least substantially the same and/or identical.

Identical construction of the protective layers is understood in particular to mean that the protective layers have the same surface properties, contain the same material and/or material composition and/or have the same grammage. In particular, the outer and inner protective layer can be functionally identical, whereby, in particular, the areal density of the identical protective layers differs by less than 5 g/m ² .

It is preferable to provide a symmetrical structure of the layered system of the composite film.

Further, the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer can be configured as a mechanically, chemically and/or thermally, preferably thermally strengthened nonwoven layer. The non-woven layer is characterized in particular by low production costs and high mechanical resistance to external influences.

The functional layer is preferably firmly connected to the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer. In particular, the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer may be bonded to the functional layer. Thus, an adhesive layer can be provided between the functional layer and the at least one protective layer. The bonding of the layers can be carried out during the manufacturing process, in particular during the extrusion laminating process.

In another preferred embodiment, the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer, in particular the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer containing at least one bicomponent fiber and/or the functional layer contains an adhesion promoter layer. The adhesion promoter layer can be located in particular on the outside of the outer protective layer, the inner protective layer and/or the functional layer.

In particular, the adhesion promoter layer may be configured as an adhesive layer and/or the adhesion promoter may be an adhesive. The adhesion promoter layer and/or the adhesive layer preferably provides a continuous connection of the interconnected layers.

Between the membrane layer and the outer and/or inner protective layer, an adhesive layer is preferably provided, in particular over the entire area, preferably for a strong continuous connection.

Further, the adhesion promoter layer may contain a polymer, in particular an adhesion promoting polymer. The adhesion promoter layer may be permanently bonded to the functional layer, the inner backing layer and/or the outer backing layer. Furthermore, the adhesion promoter layer and/or the adhesion promoting polymer may comprise a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin, preferably a polyurethane.

Further, the adhesion promoter layer can also be introduced into the inner protective layer, into the outer protective layer and/or into the functional layer, in such a way that the adhesion promoting polymer is enclosed and/or located, in particular, in the outer surface area of the said layers. . Thus, the adhesion promoter layer can be provided as part of or as an integral part of the functional layer and/or the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer. Thanks to the adhesion promoter layer, a strong connection of the functional layer with the outer protective layers can be obtained. The adhesion promoter or adhesion promoting polymer allows the protective layers, made as layers of nonwoven material, to be firmly bonded to the functional layer.

By incorporating functional materials, such as an adhesion promoting polymer and/or flame retardant, into the inner and/or outer protective layer in the form of a nonwoven layer, the formation of the composite film can be made cheaper.

By using an adhesion promoter or an adhesion promoting polymer and/or an adhesion promoter layer in the layer external to the inner and/or outer protective layer, in particular the inner and/or outer protective layer containing the bicomponent fiber, it is possible to dispense with the use of a hot melt adhesive (joining without hot glue). In this way, the adhesion promoter and/or the adhesive can already guarantee sufficient adherence or adhesion to the functional layer.

In addition, the roof underlay membrane can be made permeable, windproof and/or rain resistant, in particular waterproof and/or water repellent and/or vapor permeable. Rain impermeability and/or vapor permeability can be ensured in particular by a diffusion-permeable functional layer, the functional layer being designed such that the composite film is generally vapor-permeable and/or diffusible and/or waterproof, in particular vapor-permeable. and waterproof.

With the rain resistant and/or waterproof structure of the composite film, it is provided that it can withstand a water column thickness of more than 800 mm, preferably 1000 mm to 20000 mm, more preferably 1500 mm to 9000 mm. The water column is a unit of measure that characterizes the water resistance of a technical fabric. It can be determined according to DIN EN 20811:1992, also referred to as ISO 811 (as of September 2018).

Preferably, the S _d value of the composite film is less than or equal to 0.5 m, preferably 0.008 m to 0.5 m, more preferably 0.009 m to 0.2 m, more preferably 0.01 m to 0.1 m. The index S _d indicates the equivalent thickness of the air layer, which has equal vapor permeability with the layer of material, and is a building-physical measure of the resistance of a part of a building element or a layer of a building element to water vapor diffusion. According to the S _d indicator, one can judge the vapor permeability of the building material. The resistance to diffusion of water vapor is clearly described in terms of the thickness of the air layer, which is required for the same diffusion flow to flow through the air layer in a stationary state under the same conditions as through the considered building element. The composite film is made, in particular, allowing diffusion, while the openness for diffusion is characterized by an S _d value of less than or equal to 0.5 m.

In addition, it is possible to achieve a tensile strength of the composite film, preferably more than 50 N/mm. The tensile strength of the composite film is preferably 50 N/mm to 600 N/mm, more preferably 100 N/mm to 400 N/mm. The tensile strength of the composite film may correspond to the force required to initiate a crack and/or propagate a crack. Tensile strength is measured, in particular, in accordance with international technical standards ASTM, namely according to ASTM D1004 (as of September 2018) and ASTM D1925 (as of September 2018).

Preferably, the tear propagation resistance of the composite film is greater than 50 N/mm. The tear propagation resistance is preferably 50 N/mm to 500 N/mm, more preferably 100 N/mm to 300 N/mm. The resistance to tear propagation is a physical parameter that characterizes the properties of the material, as well as the scope of the composite film. Tear propagation resistance can also be referred to as tear resistance. Tear propagation resistance indicates the resistance of a material, in this case a composite film, to further tear after notching or punching. The higher the value of the resistance to tear propagation, the more tear resistant the test material is. Conversely, a lower value means that the material's resistance to tear propagation is lower. Therefore, the measurement of the resistance to tear propagation, in terms of measuring technique, is carried out after the measurement of the tensile strength.

Both tensile strength and tear propagation resistance can be directional dependent, in particular vary with fiber direction (machine direction and cross direction). The above tensile strength applies in particular to the machine direction and/or the transverse direction.

In this case, the machine direction means the direction in which the nonwoven material has moved in or through the machine during its manufacture, that is, it is usually the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven material. The transverse direction in which the nonwoven fabric expands in a plane means a direction that is at right angles to the machine direction, that is, generally the widthwise direction of the nonwoven fabric.

In addition, in another embodiment, it is provided that at least one reinforcing layer is located between the functional layer and the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer. In particular, there may be one reinforcing layer between the outer protective layer and the functional layer and between the inner protective layer and the functional layer. The reinforcing layer can be made as an openwork fabric. The reinforcing layer is used, in particular, to increase the mechanical strength of the composite film.

The reinforcement layer preferably comprises and/or consists of a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin, preferably a synthetic polymer, in particular polypropylene and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Openwork fabric is a transparent and / or breathable fabric, which is characterized by special warp threads. The warp threads form so-called leno blocks, in which the warp thread and the warp leno thread are twisted together. In this case, the introduction of the weft and the interlacing of the two warp threads alternate with each other. In the case of the so-called full interlacing between the weft threads, the warp threads are completely twisted, and in the semi-interlacing, a simple weave occurs. The fabric has, in particular, a low basis weight. Tight coverage of the weft threads by the two warp threads can guarantee resistance to spreading.

In a further preferred embodiment, on the upper side and/or on the lower side of the composite film, in particular on the upper and/or on the lower side of the outer and/or inner protective layer, at least one adhesion zone is provided on the side of the longitudinal edge. The edge adhesion zone is used to glue adjacent composite films to obtain a coherent film layer consisting of individual strips of composite films. In particular, the edge adhesion zone is spaced from the longitudinal edge of the composite film. In addition, the adhesion zone can be formed in the form of a strip, possibly in the form of discontinuous stripes.

In particular, the adhesion zone has a width of 2 to 10 cm.

More preferably, the adhesive-free area on the surface of the top side and/or bottom side of the composite film is more than 50%, preferably 50% to 95%, more preferably 80% to 90%. Non-adhesive, i.e. the adhesive-free area means that portion of the surface area of the composite film that is not covered by an adhesive zone. As such, an adhesion zone is provided on the upper and/or lower side from the longitudinal edge.

Of course, the composite film may have one adhesive zone, two adhesive zones and/or multiple adhesive zones, for example four adhesive zones. It can be provided that on the upper side and/or the lower side there is at least one adhesion zone on the side of the longitudinal edge.

Thus, it is possible to provide at least one, in particular precisely one, adhesion zone both on the upper side and on the lower side. In addition, it is also possible to provide two edge adhesion zones on the top or bottom side. In a further embodiment, an adhesive zone is provided in the region of all four longitudinal edges of the composite film, so that the composite film contains four adhesive zones.

Preferably, the adhesion zones are 1-90 mm from the longitudinal edge, preferably 3-70 mm, more preferably 5-50 mm.

In addition, the configuration of the adhesive zones in the form of a strip provides a clean and simple arrangement of the strips on top of each other, in particular in the connection "adhesive-in-adhesive". In the case of a stripe-like configuration of the adhesive zones, it is provided in particular that the number of strips is from 1 to 15, preferably from 3 to 12, more preferably from 5 to 9. The width of one strip of the adhesive zone can be, in particular, from 1 to 30 mm, preferably 1.5 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm.

The bonding of the adhesive zones is preferably implemented such that, when bonded to an adjacent composite film, a windproof and/or airtight adhesive bond is formed between the two composite films. As a result, in particular, no wind can penetrate between the glued areas. In particular, an "adhesive-in-adhesive" connection is realized, ie the adhesion zones are at least locally located one above the other, in particular so that a strong and durable adhesive bonding of the composite film rows occurs. It is clear, of course, that the adhesion zones can be made identical and/or have different properties from each other.

In addition, it is possible to provide that the upper and lower adhesive zones are offset from the longitudinal edge of the composite film, so that when adjacent strips are glued, only a partial glue-in-glue connection occurs between the adhesive zones of adjacent composite films or no such connection occurs at all. As discussed above, the glue-in-glue bonding allows a tight, airtight, diffusible and/or watertight bonding of the composite film to be obtained. In this way, the required properties of the composite film can also be sufficiently ensured in the transition zones of the composite film, in particular in the region of the longitudinal edge, preferably when laid on a roof with a steep slope.

In a further preferred embodiment of the ideas of the invention, it is provided that the mating surface for the adhesive-containing adhesive zone is covered with an overlay, in particular in the form of a removable strip, and/or subjected to a surface treatment. A protective overlay on the adhesive or adhesive zones can ensure that when laying the composite film, there will be no contamination of the adhesive zone, or the degree of contamination will remain minimal. As a result, a windproof and/or waterproof bonding can be obtained, preferably by glue-in-glue bonding.

According to the invention, it is provided that the inner protective layer and/or the outer protective layer contain at least one bicomponent fiber or are formed from bicomponent fibers. In particular, the inner and/or outer protective layer, made as a layer of non-woven material, is a non-woven layer of bicomponent fibers. In particular, a layer of spunbonded non-woven material of bicomponent fibers is provided.

Bicomponent fibers of the type in question typically comprise a first component from a first polymer and a second component from a second polymer. Bicomponent fibers can be divided into several types, which have different characteristic distributions of components over the fiber cross section. Bicomponent fibers in which the first component surrounds the second component in the cross section of the fiber and thus forms its sheath are called core-sheath fibers. Bicomponent fibers in which both the first component and the second component form part of the fiber surface in cross section are called side-by-side fibers. Fibers with structures in which several strands of one component are embedded in one strand of another component, so that in cross section a pattern resembling many islands formed from a single component, are called fibers with an "islands in the ocean" structure. Bicomponent fibers that have multiple regions of each component in cross section that form the outer surface of the fiber are referred to as "segmented pie" fibers because the regions of the individual components in cross section have regularly repeated sectioning like slices of cake. In the context of the present application, bicomponent fibers are also specifically understood to mean fibers that contain more than two components.

The purpose of using bicomponent fibers is to improve the properties of the fibers or the properties of spunbond nonwovens made from the fibers. The properties of spunbonded nonwoven materials depend on many influencing factors. Some of these influences on the properties of the spunbond nonwoven material are the properties of the respective fibers used, such as their strength. According to a widely accepted and generally accepted, at least in its basic ideas, theory, the properties of the resulting bicomponent fiber are a combination of the properties of the individual components of the bicomponent fiber, with the properties of the individual components complementing each other as much as possible so that in the bicomponent fiber the advantages of the properties of both components are combined. If, for example, a fiber is desired that has high strength and also exhibits an advantageous behavior in bonding the fibers to each other in the manufacture of a nonwoven fabric, then a combination of a first high strength component with a second component that has good bondability is recommended.

Additives are often added to polymers to improve the properties of bicomponent fibers. Additives can be a variety of substances. They can be used, for example, for coloring, heat setting, flame retardance, for imparting hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, or for UV stabilization. In this case, the additives are usually evenly distributed in the phase.

The first polymer and the second polymer can be at least substantially identical, in particular the additives and/or additive compositions and/or the amount of additives in the first component and the second component differ from each other.

The first component preferably contains an additive, and the mass fraction of the additive in the second component is less than in the first component. According to the invention, the first component may contain an additive to change or improve the properties.

The mass fraction of the additive in the second component relative to the first component is preferably not more than 66.6%, more preferably not more than 50%, in particular not more than 33.3%. Highly preferably, no additive is present in the second component.

Here, the mass fraction of the first component in the bicomponent fiber is preferably not more than 50%, preferably 25%, particularly preferably 10%, most preferably 5%. A particularly preferred bicomponent fiber is a core-sheath fiber, with the first component forming the sheath.

The advantage of concentrating the additive in the first component surrounding the second component is that it has been shown that in order to achieve the same or better additive effect, the amount of additive required in the second component can be lower than with a conventional uniform distribution of the additive in both components. .

An additive in this context refers to additives that are added to the polymer of the respective component in order to modify and thereby improve the properties of the resulting fiber or spunbond nonwoven material obtained from the fiber.

For example, when conducting a fire test according to EN 13501-1, it was found that when the additive is distributed in the components in accordance with the invention, a smaller amount of additive as a whole, in this example flame retardant, is required to obtain a positive test result than when the flame retardant is evenly distributed in fiber. In this test, the entire fiber is engulfed in flames in a fraction of a second, so the positive effect cannot be attributed simply to some kind of shielding effect of the cladding region of the fiber.

Additives that are added to polymers in low concentrations, in principle, from the point of view of fiber production, represent an impurity in the polymer. In principle, in the case of impurities, there is always a risk that, due to these impurities, the behavior of the components in the manufacture of fibers will change. Therefore, from the point of view of a person skilled in the art, the heterogeneity of the distribution of additives in the components of the bicomponent fiber entails, first of all, the risk of reducing the quality of the bicomponent fiber or deteriorating the stability of the production process. In addition, from the point of view of a person skilled in the art, it usually does not matter that the additive is concentrated in a certain zone of the fiber. This is due to the small thickness of the discussed fibers. As in the case of dyes or pigments, from the point of view of a specialist, the concentration of an additive in a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe fiber also does not make obvious sense. So, for example, in the case of a flame retardant, the entire fiber will still be affected by the combustion process. Similarly, UV irradiation also penetrates the entire fiber. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that even particularly advantageous results can be achieved in some cases if the amount of additives in one component is not only reduced, but completely eliminated. In any case, one of the benefits of concentrating the additives in the first component is the cost savings due to the lower amount of additive required.

The additive is preferably a primary or secondary antioxidant, a UV absorber, a UV stabilizer, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, a hydrophilizing agent, a water repellent, an anti-fogging agent and/or a biocide. The following classes of substances and their mixtures are particularly preferred here:

- hindered phenols, aromatic secondary or tertiary amines, aminophenols, aromatic nitro or nitroso compounds as primary antioxidants,

- organic phosphites or phosphonates, thioethers, thioalcohols, thioesters, sulfides and sulfur-containing organic acids, dithiocarbamates, thiodipropionates, aminopyrazoles, metal chelates, mercaptobenzimidazoles as secondary antioxidants,

- hydroxybenzophenones, cinnamates, oxalanilides, salicylates, 1,3-benzenediol monobenzoates, benzotriazoles, triazines, benzophenones, as well as UV absorbing pigments such as titanium dioxide or carbon black as UV absorbers,

- metal-containing complex organic compounds of sulfur or phosphorus, hindered amines (HALS) as UV stabilizers,

- metal hydroxides, borates, organic bromine or chlorine compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, antimony trioxide, melamine, melamine cyanurate, expanded graphite or other intumescent systems as flame retardants,

- Quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, dithiocarbamates, alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylates, polyethylene glycols, as well as their esters and ethers, fatty acid esters, ethoxylates, mono- and diglycerides, ethanolamine as antistatic agents,

- fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid amides, metal and fatty acid salts, polyolefin waxes, natural or artificial paraffins and their derivatives, fluoropolymers and fluorine-containing oligomers, decontaminants caking agents such as silicic acids, silicones, silicates, calcium carbonate, etc. as a lubricant

- amides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives, cyclic amides, hydrazones and bishydrazones, hydrazides, hydrazines, melamine and its derivatives, benzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, hindered phenols in combination with metal complexing compounds, benzylphosphonates, pyridithiols, thiobisphenol esters, in as metal deactivators,

- polyglycols, ethoxylates, fluoropolymers and fluorine-containing oligomers, mountain waxes, in particular stearates, as hydrophilizing, hydrophobing or anti-fogging agents,

- 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA), N-(trihalomethylthiol)phthalimide, tributyltin oxide, zinc dimethylthiocarbamate, diphenylantimony-2-ethylhexanoate, copper-8-hydroxyquinoline, isothiazolones, silver and silver salts as biocides.

The melting point difference between the first component and the second component is preferably less than or equal to 8°C. It should be noted here that the indicated ranges include any individual intervals or individual values and should be considered as described as essential to the invention, even if they are not named individually.

In connection with the preferred choice of melting temperatures, it has surprisingly been found that in the case of bicomponent fibers in which the two components have close melting points, enhancement of synergistic effects between the properties of the two components can be achieved. This applies in particular to mechanical properties. For example, in the case of a nonwoven material made from bicomponent fibers according to the invention, both the specific breaking load and the specific breaking force of a nail can be increased. In conventional fibers according to the prior art, measures taken during the production of nonwoven materials from these fibers to increase the specific breaking load were usually accompanied by a decrease in the specific breaking force of the nail. In the opposite case, measures to increase the specific breaking force of the nail regularly led to a decrease in the specific breaking load. These negative effects can be avoided or at least reduced by the preferred bicomponent fibers.

Also among the positive effects of the present invention is that the proportion of recycled material that can be added to one of the components in the production of a bicomponent fiber is increased compared to conventional fibers. It has been shown that when using components with a combination of melting points in accordance with the invention, the change in the properties of the component due to the addition of recycled material is much less than when using conventional fibers.

In this case, the component with a lower melting point preferably forms the outer surface of the fiber in the fiber section. Preferably, the lower melting component surrounds the higher melting component. This preferred embodiment results in the low melting component in the sheath region of the fiber providing a better workability of the material, and the spinning stability and extensibility of the fibers are also improved. This leads to an improvement in the softness and/or feel of the spunbond nonwoven material, in addition, the drapeability of the fibers or the spunbonded nonwoven material obtained from the fibers is improved.

For the purposes of the invention, it is advantageous that the difference between the melting points of the first component and the second component does not exceed 6°C or ranges from 1°C to 8°C, preferably from 1°C to 6°C. In these preferred parameter ranges, the beneficial effects of the present invention are much stronger.

Preferably, the weight fraction of the lower melting point component in the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%. Here, the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, the lower melting point component forming the sheath.

The difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is preferably less than or equal to 25 g/10 min, and the melt flow indices (hereinafter MFI, from melt flow index) of both the first component and the second component are less than or equal to 50 g/10 min. Preferably, the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 20 g/10 min, particularly preferably 15 g/10 min, and/or that the MFI of both the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 40 g/10 min. Surprisingly, such a preferred selection of the components according to their MFI has the same positive effect as the selection, in accordance with the invention, of the components based on their melting point.

MFI is measured according to ISO 1133 with a test load of 2.16 kg and a test temperature of 230°C. MFI is also referred to as melt index or melt mass flow rate (MFR). The measurement is carried out in accordance with ISO 1133 by melting the material in a heated cylinder and forcing it through a defined nozzle under a test load. MFI is a measure of the melt viscosity of the respective polymer-containing component. Viscosity, in turn, depends on the degree of polymerization, which corresponds to the average number of monomer units in each polymer molecule.

The positive effect of the preferred difference between MFI is mainly due to the specific breaking load and the specific breaking force of the nail. These two characteristics of a spunbonded nonwoven fabric made from fibers can be improved by the preferred choice of MFI values. In this case, you can even increase both parameters at the same time, but in any case, one of the two parameters can be improved without worsening the other parameter. It also has a positive effect on tactile properties. Thus, the specific breaking load can be increased without adversely affecting the softness and the so-called "bar". The fingerboard refers to the pleasant sensation of touch.

The weight fraction of the higher MFI component in the bicomponent fiber is preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%. The bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, with the higher MFI component forming the sheath.

Preferably, the polymer of one of the two components was obtained by polymerization on a metallocene catalyst, and the polymer of the other component was obtained by polymerization on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and then subjected to visbreaking. One polymer is preferably a polyolefin, in particular polypropylene, polyethylene or a copolymer or mixture thereof. The other polymer is preferably also a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer. In this case, it is particularly preferred if both polymers are formed from the same monomer or at least predominantly formed from the same monomer.

Metallocene catalysts are structurally homogeneous catalysts that contain transition metals coordinated by cyclopentadiene ligands. Such catalysts are described in detail in US Pat. The advantage of these catalysts is that the polymers produced using these catalysts have a narrow molecular weight distribution. The narrow molecular weight distribution results in nonwovens with high elongation at break. Elongation at break refers to the elongation of the fibers that results from the maximum breaking load applied when the strip of nonwoven fabric breaks. But, most importantly, a narrow molecular weight distribution leads to an increase in the reliability of the manufacturing process of spunbond nonwoven materials. The frequency of spinning faults, such as fiber breakage, is reduced. In addition, stronger fiber draw becomes possible, higher spinning speeds can be achieved and fibers with lower titers can be obtained. Lower titers mean higher fineness of the fibers and/or yarns made from the fibers.

A further advantage of the metallocene catalysts and, accordingly, the polymers obtained on these metallocene catalysts, is the very low residual content of the catalyst in the polymer. The remaining catalyst in the polymer is an impurity in the polymer and can lead to an undesirable change in the properties of the polymer. For example, a color change may occur during processing of the polymer.

The disadvantage of metallocene catalysts is their price, which is slightly higher than that of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In addition, thermal strengthening of fibers in the production of nonwovens using metallocene catalysts can be difficult. This may be the case when the opportunities offered by the use of metallocene catalysts to increase the degree of crystallinity and strength of individual fibers due to their higher extensibility are exploited to a large extent.

Ziegler-Natta catalysts are heterogeneous mixed catalysts containing organometallic compounds with main group elements and transition metal compounds. As elements of the main groups, in particular, elements of the first to third main groups are used. The transition metal compounds contain, in particular, metals from the titanium group. There are a large number of variants of these catalysts. In the context of the present invention, Ziegler-Natta catalysts are defined primarily by their difference from metallocene catalysts.

Although Ziegler-Natta catalysts are less expensive than metallocene catalysts, polymers produced with Ziegler-Natta catalysts have a significantly broader molecular weight distribution than polymers produced with metallocene catalysts. In order to improve the extensibility of the fibres, which in particular serves to increase the reliability of the process, polymers obtained with Ziegler-Natta catalysts are usually further processed. This additional processing is called "visbreaking". During visbreaking treatment, polymer chains are split, resulting in a decrease in the molecular weight of individual molecules, and an increase in the number of molecules. This also reduces the width of the molecular weight distribution. Cleavage of the polymer chains is achieved by heating, irradiation, addition of peroxide or similar measures. Examples of such visbreaking treatments are described in US Pat. Nos. 4,282,076 and 5,723,217, among others.

However, such visbreaking treatment of polymers formed on metallocene catalysts does not allow obtaining either a narrow molecular weight distribution or good extensibility of the fibers obtained from these polymers. In addition, polymers prepared with Ziegler-Natta catalysts also have a higher impurity content than polymers prepared with metallocene catalysts. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that in order to obtain a polymer with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, a relatively higher content of catalyst is required, which leads to a relatively higher proportion, firstly, of catalyst residues in the polymer, and secondly, of auxiliary substances. , which are added during visbreaking processing, which makes them an additional source of impurities in the finished polymer.

The advantage of polymers obtained using Ziegler-Natta catalysts and subsequent visbreaking treatment is primarily their more attractive price and their wide availability on the market. Another advantage is the good thermal bondability of the fibers produced from these polymers.

Unexpectedly, it turned out that the preferred choice of polymers, based on the catalysts used in their preparation, leads to the fact that the resulting bicomponent fibers allow you to combine the advantages of using the respective types of catalyst. Thus, it is possible to reduce costs compared to the use of polymer fibers produced with pure metallocene catalysts, while at the same time realizing the advantages of using metallocene catalysts. In addition, better fiber bondability can be achieved compared to fibers made from polymers that have been produced exclusively using metallocene catalysts.

In the bicomponent fiber, the weight fraction of the component whose polymer has been obtained by polymerization on a metallocene catalyst is preferably not more than 50%, more preferably not more than 25%, preferably not more than 10%, in particular not more than 5%. Particularly preferred are bicomponent fibers with a core-sheath structure, wherein the component, the polymer of which has been polymerized on a metallocene catalyst, forms the sheath.

The first polymer and/or the second polymer is preferably a polyolefin or a copolymer of a polyolefin, preferably a polymer and/or a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene and/or a mixture and/or combination thereof. These polymers have been shown to be particularly well suited for the production of bicomponent fibers according to the invention. In this connection, a copolymer is understood to mean a polymer which has been obtained from at least two different types of monomers, whereby the mass fraction of the monomer defining the designation of the copolymer is at least 50%.

The first polymer and/or the second polymer is preferably a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and/or a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, in particular the first and/or the second polymer consists of PET and/or a PET copolymer.

Particularly preferred is a bicomponent fiber composition in which polypropylene and/or polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene terephthalate copolymer are used for the first and second component. In this case, either the first or the second polymer may contain and/or consist of polypropylene and/or polyethylene. If the first or second polymer contains PP and/or PE, then the second or first polymer that does not contain PP and/or PE will contain and/or consist of PET and/or co-PET. Therefore, if the first polymer contains PP and/or PET, then the second polymer contains PET and/or co-PET, and vice versa.

Preferably, the bicomponent fiber has a core-sheath structure, with a core weight fraction of 50% to 98%, preferably 60% to 95%, particularly preferably 70% to 95%, highly preferably 80% to 90% . It has turned out that the advantages of the bicomponent fiber according to the invention, if this fiber has a core-sheath structure, are manifested to a particular extent with such preferred mass fractions.

If the bicomponent fiber has a "side-by-side", "segmented cake" or "islands in the ocean" structure, the weight ratio of the two components is in the range of 10:90 to 90:10, preferably 70:30 to 30:70 , particularly preferably from 60:40 to 40:60. It has been shown that with these types of fibres, the advantages of the bicomponent fiber according to the invention can be realized particularly well at the indicated ratios between the components.

In another preferred embodiment, the bicomponent fiber is a multi-lobed, in particular four-lobed or three-lobed fiber. Such fibers, due to the geometry of their cross section, provide a higher specific surface than comparable fibers with a circular cross section. In this regard, the advantages of the fibers according to the invention can be used particularly effectively, in particular when the different properties of the components to be optimized by the bicomponent fiber according to the invention relate to the surface properties of the fiber.

The diameter of the bicomponent fiber is preferably 1 µm to 50 µm, preferably 5 µm to 30 µm, particularly preferably 8 µm to 20 µm. It has been shown that the combination of the two components in a bicomponent fiber leads to especially pronounced synergistic effects precisely with fiber diameters lying in the indicated preferred ranges.

In particular, the outer protective layer and/or the inner protective layer is made as a spunbonded nonwoven material with bicomponent fibers according to the invention. In this case, the spunbonded nonwoven material may have the advantages and/or properties described below.

By using a bicomponent structure of an inner and/or outer protective layer formed as a nonwoven layer, higher strengths can be achieved, in particular up to 20% higher strength than polypropylene spunbonded nonwovens. In addition, very good weather resistance characteristics, in particular improved UV and hydrolysis resistance, can be achieved.

Two properties that play a special role in spunbonded nonwovens are the specific breaking load of the nonwoven and the specific nail breaking force of the nonwoven. The desired high tensile strength is achieved by using fibers with high tenacity.

In this connection, good bondability is to be understood as meaning that by bonding the fibers in the manufacturing process of the spunbond nonwoven, the mobility of the fibers in the nonwoven can be controlled with maximum precision. Targeted regulation of the mobility of the fibers in the nonwoven material, which depends on the strength of the connection between the fibers, is a prerequisite for creating a spunbonded nonwoven material having a high specific tensile strength and, at the same time, a high specific tearing force with a nail.

In practice, it may be a problem that suitable high strength fibers have poor bondability and good bondability fibers only have low strength. Therefore, especially in the case of the production of a spunbond nonwoven fabric that needs to have both a high tensile strength and a high nail tensile strength, it is advantageous to use a bicomponent fiber. The bicomponent fibers according to the invention are particularly well suited for providing high tensile strength and high nail tensile strength in spunbond nonwovens because it is the bicomponent fibers according to the invention that can be optimized for the combination of good bondability and high strength.

Such a non-woven material obtained from the fibers according to the invention is suitable for use in many areas, for example in medicine, hygiene, the automotive industry, the clothing sector, home textiles and technical textiles, in particular in the field of construction and agriculture. According to the invention, the field of application of nonwoven materials overlap with the field of application of the composite film. Possible applications also include applications in filters and membranes, in battery separators, as well as non-woven backings for laminates and as a base for all types of coatings.

Preferably, the specific breaking load of the spunbond nonwoven is at least 1.8 N/g*5cm in the machine direction and/or at least 1.3 N/g*5cm in the cross direction, preferably 2.0 N/g*5cm in the machine direction and/or at least 1.5 N/g⋅5cm in the transverse direction, preferably at least 2.2 N/g⋅5cm in the machine direction and/or at least 2.0 N/g⋅5cm in the transverse direction, particularly preferably at least 2.4 N/g.5cm in the machine direction and/or at least 1.9 N/g.5cm in the transverse direction. In this case, the specific breaking load is measured in accordance with EN 12311-1.

It has been shown that whenever the conjugate fibers of the invention are used to produce a spunbond nonwoven, these preferred minimum values for the tensile strength of the spunbond nonwoven should be sought. The bicomponent fibers according to the invention make it possible to achieve these advantageous minimum breaking load values without a disproportionate reduction in the breaking force of the nail.

The specific nail breaking force of the spunbond nonwoven is at least 1.0 N/g MD and/or at least 1.2 N/g MD, preferably at least 1.4 N/g MD and /or at least 1.5 N/g in the transverse direction, preferably at least 1.6 N/g in the machine direction and/or at least 1.8 N/g in the transverse direction, particularly preferably at least 1 .8 N/g in the machine direction and/or at least 2.1 N/g in the transverse direction.

The specific nail breaking force is the maximum force that occurs when a strip of spunbonded nonwoven fabric breaks when the strip already has a predetermined damage, namely, a nail piercing the nonwoven fabric. The specific breaking force of a nail is measured in accordance with EN 12310-1. It has been shown that the stated minimum tensile strengths of a nonwoven with a nail can be achieved without a disproportionate drop in the tensile strength of the nonwoven if the bicomponent fibers of the invention are suitably optimized in terms of their bondability and strength. In particular, it is also possible to realize a combination of said preferred specific nail breaking forces and the preferred specific minimum breaking loads mentioned above.

The combination of these two preferred minimum values results in a spunbond nonwoven material which is mechanically suitable for many applications. Such a spunbonded nonwoven fabric can, for example, be used with advantage in the field of construction, where it is often necessary to fasten the nonwoven fabric webs with nails, staples or screws. In this case, the non-woven material should not tear or tear when it is attached, for example, to the roof. These preferred spunbonded nonwovens can also be used successfully as a geotextile. Geotextiles must also have a high resistance to puncture damage, which can be caused, for example, by sharp stones.

In practice, a high specific nail tear resistance is often accompanied by good tactile properties. Therefore, the softness and good grip of such spunbond nonwovens and composite films also open up possibilities for their use, for example, in the field of hygiene or medicine. The good tactile properties are due to the high mobility of the individual fibers, which is usually accompanied by high breaking forces with the nail. Fibers with such properties usually also have tactile properties, perceived in practice as soft and pleasant. The mobility of the fiber segments allows them to "gather" to the nail as the nail advances through the nonwoven fabric, allowing them to deflect the nail moving through the nonwoven fabric and not break immediately. As a result, a zone of increased fiber density is formed around the nail, i. zone of high strength.

The present invention also relates to the use of a composite film according to one of the above embodiments as a building film, façade film, building exterior enclosure and/or as a roofing membrane, and/or for use in construction.

To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to previous statements, advantages and/or preferred embodiments which are equally valid also for use in accordance with the invention.

In addition, it goes without saying that the above ranges and limits of the ranges include any intermediate ranges and individual values and should be considered as disclosed as essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specifically indicated.

Further features, advantages and applications of the present invention will emerge from the following description of the exemplary embodiments by means of the drawings and from the drawings themselves. However, all the features described and/or illustrated, alone or in any combination, are the subject of the present invention, regardless of their summary in the claims and their relationship.

On the drawings:

fig. one: schematic sectional view of the composite film according to the invention, fig. 2: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. 3: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. four: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. 5: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. 6: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. 7: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. eight: a schematic perspective view of a section of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. 9: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. ten: a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a composite film according to the invention, fig. eleven: a sectional view of one embodiment of a core-sheath bicomponent fiber according to the invention, fig. 12: a sectional view of one embodiment of the inventive core-sheath bicomponent fiber with a thin sheath, fig. 13: a sectional view of another embodiment of the inventive core-sheath bicomponent fiber with an eccentric core, and fig. fourteen: a fragment of a typical spunbond nonwoven according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a composite film 1 with an outer protective layer 3 and an inner protective layer 4. Between the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4 is a functional layer 2. The composite film 1 shown is intended for use in construction and for use as a building film, in particular , for covering buildings and/or for use as a roofing membrane.

The functional layer 2 shown in FIG. 1 is designed as at least a single layer membrane. The outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4 are formed as layers of non-woven material containing polyolefin. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the outer protective layer 3 comprises at least one bicomponent fiber 5 (not shown, see FIG. 14), in this embodiment, a plurality of bicomponent fibers 5. The bicomponent fiber 5 comprises a first component 6 and a second component 7, wherein the first component is 6 contains the first polymer, and the second component 7 contains the second polymer. In the embodiment shown, the first polymer and the second polymer may be different from each other.

In particular, the outer protective layer 3 and/or the inner protective layer 4 can be permanently connected to the functional layer 2 and/or glued over the entire area.

In a further, not shown, embodiment, it is provided that the first polymer contains, in particular, polypropylene obtained by polymerization on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and the second polymer contains polypropylene, obtained, in particular, by polymerization on a metallocene catalyst, or vice versa.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, it is provided that the inner protective layer 4 contains at least one bicomponent fiber 5. In the following embodiments, both the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4 can be formed as a layer of non-woven material containing bicomponent fibers 5.

If the composite film 1 is used for weatherproofing objects, the top side 12 may face the weathered or weathered side, while the bottom side 13 may face the interior of a building, for example. The top side 12 is on the outside of the outer protective layer 3. The bottom side 13 is on the opposite outside of the composite film 1. In principle, it is also possible not to expose the composite film 1 to the weather, in which case the bottom side 13 can face the subject. coating an object, material, or the like.

The functional layer 2 shown in FIG. 1 is formed as a monolithic membrane layer. By monolithic membrane layer is meant a selectively permeable membrane layer which has no pores or has closed pores.

The functional layer 2 contains as material a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin. In particular, an elastomeric material and/or a thermoplastic material is provided. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the functional layer 2 contains a polyurethane polymer. In the embodiment shown, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is provided as the polyurethane polymer in the functional layer 2. In other embodiments, the implementation of the functional layer 2 may not only contain thermoplastic polyurethane, but also consist of it.

In addition, shown in FIG. 1 functional layer 2 has an areal density, or grammage, of less than 100 g/m ² . In particular, the surface density of the functional layer 2 is from 5 g/m ² to 25 g/m ² .

Fig. 2 shows that the functional layer 2 comprises at least two rows of membrane layers, i.e. two membrane layers 8. In the embodiment shown, the membrane layers 8 differ from each other and have, in particular, a different material composition and/or a different surface density.

In particular, the membrane layers 8 are firmly connected to each other, preferably glued over the entire area.

Fig. 3 shows that the functional layer 2 has a three-layer structure with three membrane layers 8. In the embodiment shown, the outer membrane layers 9 are made identical and border the central membrane layer 8 with a different material composition, or surround the central membrane layer 8. Identical execution of the outer membrane layers layers 9 should be understood to have at least substantially the same material composition, contain the same material and/or have the same material properties. In particular, the outer membrane layers 9 are functionally identical. In another, not shown, embodiment, it can be provided that the membrane layers 8 differ from each other, that is, the outer membrane layers 9 are designed differently.

In one embodiment not shown, the outer membrane layers 9 are identical, while the top side 12 and bottom side 13 are functionally identical, in particular the outer protective layer 3 is identical or functionally identical to the inner protective layer 4.

In the following, not shown, embodiment, the composite film 1 has a symmetrical configuration.

The outer membrane layers 9 are to be understood as membrane layers 8 which directly face the outer protective layer 3 or the inner protective layer 4.

The functional layer 2 shown in FIG. 3 is configured such that at least one membrane layer 8 comprises and/or consists of thermoplastic polyester (TPEE) and/or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as material. In particular, the outer membrane layer 9 comprises a thermoplastic copolyester and/or a thermoplastic polyurethane. In another, not shown, embodiment, the functional layer 2 is formed from TPEE layers and/or TPU layers, the layers being permanently bonded to each other.

Not shown, but at least one outer membrane layer 9 and/or inner membrane layer 8 of the multilayer functional layer 2 may comprise and/or consist of a foamed polymer. The outer membrane layer 9 containing the foamed polymer can be connected to the protective layer facing it (ie either the outer protective layer 3 or the inner protective layer 4) by partial embedding. In particular, the outer membrane layer 9 containing the foamed polymer penetrates into the surface region or the outermost surface layer of the outer protective layer 3 and/or the inner protective layer 4. Partial penetration can be achieved during the production of the composite film 1, in particular by slow cooling. caused by foaming of the outer membrane layer 9. Further, the outer membrane layer 9 is also firmly connected to the immediately adjacent membrane layer 8, and said connection can also be carried out by partial embedding.

Next, in FIG. 3 shows that the outer protective layer 3 is formed as a polypropylene-containing nonwoven layer. In particular, the outer protective layer 3 is designed as a layer of polypropylene needle-punched spunbond nonwoven material, i.e. a needle-punched nonwoven layer. In further, not shown embodiments, the inner protective layer 4 can additionally or alternatively be formed as a nonwoven material layer containing and/or consisting of polypropylene, in particular a polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven layer.

In FIG. 4 shows that the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4 are made as a spunbond layer. In other embodiments not shown, either the outer protective layer 3 or the inner protective layer 4 may be formed as a spunbond layer. Fig. 14 shows an outer protective layer 3 formed as a spunbond layer, which is furthermore formed from bicomponent fibers 5 containing a first component 6 and a second component 7.

In the embodiments shown in FIG. 1-5, the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4 have a basis weight of less than 250 g/m ² . In particular, the surface density of the outer protective layer 3 and/or the inner protective layer 4 is from 30 g/m ² to 100 g/m ² .

In principle, for strengthening the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4, various strengthening methods can be provided, such as mechanical, chemical and/or thermal strengthening. In FIG. 5 shows a thermally hardened outer protective layer 3.

In FIG. 4 shows that the functional layer 2 is firmly connected to the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4. The functional layer 2 is firmly connected to the protective layers 3, 4 over the entire area by means of connecting surfaces. In other embodiments, it is also possible to provide for the connection of the functional layer 2 with an outer protective layer 3 and/or an inner protective layer 4 over a part of the area. In addition, FIG. 4 shows that the functional layer 2 is bonded to both the outer protective layer 3 and the inner protective layer 4. The connection and/or the adhesive layer and/or the adhesion promoter layer 10 or the tie layer is formed in particular so that the composite film was or remained "breathable" (permitting diffusion), while, in particular, a very thin layer and/or network of adhesive is applied.

For bonding the functional layer 2 with the protective layers 3, 4, an adhesion promoter layer 10 is provided, which contains an adhesion promoting polymer. In FIG. 4-6 show different arrangements of adhesion promoter layer 10. Thus, the adhesion promoter layer 10 can, as shown in FIG. 5 be formed as part of the functional layer 2, or the adhesion promoting polymer penetrates at least locally into the surfaces of the functional layer 2 facing the protective layers 3, 4.

In FIG. 4 shows that the adhesion promoter layer 10 is formed as a separate layer located between the functional layer 2 and the protective layers 3, 4. This adhesion promoter layer 10 can be applied during the manufacturing process of the composite film 1 on the protective layers 3, 4 and/or on the functional layer 2.

In turn, in Fig. 6 shows that the adhesion promoter layer 10 can be provided as part of the protective layers 3, 4. Thus, FIG. 6 shows that the adhesion promoting polymer has penetrated into the surface zones of the protective layers 3, 4 facing the functional layer 2.

In particular, the adhesion promoter layer 10 is provided as part of the protective layer or protective layers 3,4 containing the bicomponent fibers 5. The adhesion promoter layer 10 is firmly, in particular over the entire area, connected to the functional layer 2 or the protective layers 3, 4. as the adhesion promoting polymer or as the material of the adhesion promoter layer 10, a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin, preferably polyurethane, can be used.

The composite film 1 shown in FIG. 6 is vapor permeable, open to diffusion and impervious to rain. In further embodiments, the composite film 1 may be vapor permeable, diffusible, windproof, rainproof, water repellent, and/or waterproof. The S _d index of the composite film 1 shown in FIG. 6 is less than or equal to 0.5 m. In the following embodiments, the S _{d value} of the composite film 1 may be from 0.01 m to 0.1 m. "breathing" properties of composite film 1 or functional layer 2.

In addition, the composite film 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 has a tensile strength of more than 50 N/mm. In other embodiments, the implementation of the tensile strength of the composite film 1 may be from 100 N/mm to 300 N/mm. The resistance of the composite film 1 to tear propagation in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 exceeds 50 N/mm. In other embodiments not shown, the tear propagation resistance of the composite film 1 is between 100 N/mm and 300 N/mm.

In FIG. 7 shows that a reinforcing layer 11 is introduced into the layered structure of the composite film 1. The reinforcing layer 11 in the shown embodiment is located between the outer protective layer 3 and the functional layer 2. In other, not shown embodiments, the reinforcing layer 11 may be between the inner protective layer 4 and a functional layer 2. The reinforcing layer 11 is formed in the form of an openwork fabric. In addition, the reinforcing layer 11 can contain and/or consist of a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin as a material. In particular, the reinforcement layer 11 contains and/or consists of a synthetic polymer such as polypropylene (PP) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

In FIG. 8-10 show that the composite film 1 has at least one adhesive zone 14 on the longitudinal edge side. An edge adhesion zone 14 is provided on the upper side 12 and/or on the lower side 13 of the composite film 1. From FIG. 8 shows that the edge adhesion zone 14 is located at some distance from the longitudinal edge 15 of the composite film 1.

The adhesive zone 14 is not shown to be in the form of a strip. In addition, it is not shown that the adhesive zone 14 can also be made in the form of a discontinuous strip.

The width of the adhesion zone 14 in the embodiment shown is between 2 and 10 cm.

In FIG. 8 shows that one adhesive zone 14 is provided on the upper side 12 and on the lower side 13. In FIG. 9 both on the bottom side 13 and on the top side 12 of the composite film 1 two adhesive zones 14 are provided at the longitudinal edges. In FIG. 10 shows that two edge adhesion zones 14 are provided on the underside 13.

In FIG. 8, the adhesion zone 14 is located on the upper side 12 and the lower side 13 of the composite film 1 in the region of the longitudinal edge, which includes the longitudinal edge 15. The region of the longitudinal edge in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 extends from the longitudinal edge 15 of the composite film 1 over more than 1% of the width of the composite film 1, in the example shown approximately 15% +/- 10% of the width of the composite film 1. Figures 8-10 show the location of the adhesive zones 14 only schematically, which does not allow us to draw a conclusion about the length or width of the adhesion zone 14.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the adhesive zones 14 are designed to provide a windproof and/or airtight adhesive bond when adjacent composite films 1 are glued together.

Shown in FIG. 8, the displacement of the adhesive zones 14 is chosen so that, when gluing adjacent composite films 1, a "glue-in-glue" connection is created between the adhesive zones 14 of adjacent rows of the composite film 1. It is envisaged that in the case of a stacked composite film 1, the adhesion zones 14 are at least locally located one above the other in order to ensure a continuous connection between the adhesives of the adhesive zones 14. Finally, it can be provided that different adhesive zones 14 contain different adhesives and / or have different adhesive properties, for example, have different grams and / or width of the adhesive coating, while preferably, the adhesive zones 14 are identical in terms of adhesive used and all adhesive properties.

Not shown, but the mating surfaces for the adhesive-containing adhesive zones 14 may be padded and/or surface treated. In particular, it is not shown that the adhesive zone 14 can be varnished. The patch can serve to protect the adhesion zone 14, in particular against impurities and/or contamination.

Figures 11-13 show sectional views of exemplary bicomponent fibers 5 according to the invention. Each of the shown bicomponent fibers 5 comprises a first component 6 and a second component 7. In this case, the core-sheath fibers shown in FIG. 11-13, the first component 6 surrounds the second component 7 and therefore forms the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 5. The bicomponent fibers 5 shown have a cross section in the shape of a circle, at least approximately. In other, not shown embodiments, the implementation of the bicomponent fiber 5 may also have a non-circular cross-section, but, for example, trilobular or other multilobular cross-section. If the sheath of the bicomponent fiber 5 surrounding the second component 7 is very thin, it may happen that the sheath is defective. This means that the shell does not completely surround the core, but is broken in some places, so that in these places the core also forms the outer surface of the fiber. But even in such cases, the fibers are also core-sheath fibers. In particular, in such fibers, the damaged sheath component, in the context of the present invention, forms the outer surface of the fiber.

Not shown, but the bicomponent fiber 5 can also be made as a side-by-side fiber. Fibers with a side-by-side structure can be characterized in that both the first component 6 and the second component 7 can form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 5. For fibers with a side-by-side structure, round or at least almost circular sections, as well as multi-lobed sections. Depending on which properties of the fibers or nonwoven material are to be obtained, the first component 6 and the second component 7 can be combined with each other in different proportions and in different spatial arrangements.

It is also not shown that the bicomponent fiber 5 can be made in a "segmented pie" configuration. This fiber structure is close to the side-by-side fiber structure, since both the first component 6 and the second component 7 can form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 5.

In the embodiments shown, the configuration of the bicomponent fiber 5 in the form of an island-in-the-ocean structure as a modification of the core-sheath structure is also not provided. In the case of the "islands in the ocean" bicomponent fiber structure 5, a plurality of cores from the second component 7 may be present. The individual cores from the second component 7 are surrounded by a common sheath from the first component 6.

In addition, in principle, mixed fiber forms with an intermediate structure between the core-sheath structure and the side-by-side structure are possible.

In FIG. 14 shows how a plurality of exemplary bicomponent fibers 5 form a spunbond nonwoven. In the embodiment shown, a spunbond nonwoven material is used as the outer protective layer 3. In addition, the inner protective layer 4 can also be configured as shown in FIG. 14 spunbond nonwoven. In this case, the nonwoven material forms a web with a transverse direction X, a thickness direction Y and a longitudinal direction Z, which is also called the machine direction.

A typical spunbonded nonwoven fabric can be made from bicomponent fibers 5 that have been thermally strengthened by calendering. In the embodiment shown, the bicomponent fibers 5 are core-sheath fibers with a sheath of the first component 6 with polypropylene as the first polymer and a core of the second component 7 with polypropylene as the second polymer. The areal density of the nonwoven fabric shown in FIG. 14 may be 70±20 g/m ² .

The melting point difference between the first component 6 and the second component 7 is not shown to be less than or equal to 8°C. In particular, the difference in melting points of the first component 6 and the second component 7 may be 1°C to 6°C.

Further, it is not shown that the melt flow indices of the first component 6 and the second component 7 are less than or equal to 25 g/10 min. In addition, the melt flow indices of the first component 6 and the second component 7 may be less than or equal to 50 g/10 min.

In particular, the component with a lower melting point in the cross section of the bicomponent fiber 5 forms the outer surface of the fiber 5, and in particular surrounds the component with a higher melting point, preferably completely.

The polymer of one of the two components 6, 7 could be obtained by polymerization on a metallocene catalyst. The polymer of the other component could be obtained by polymerization on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and later subjected to visbreaking.

In addition, it is not shown that the first component 6 contains an additive, while the mass fraction of the additive in the second component 7 is less than that in the first component 6, preferably not more than 66.6% of it.

The additive may be a primary or secondary antioxidant, a UV absorber, a UV stabilizer, a fire retardant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a metal deactivator, a hydrophilizing agent, a water repellent, an anti-fogging agent, and/or a biocide.

The additive may optionally be selected from the following group:

hindered phenols, aromatic secondary or tertiary amines, aminophenols, aromatic nitro or nitroso compounds, organic phosphites or phosphonates, thioethers, thioalcohols, thioesters, sulfides and sulfur-containing organic acids, dithiocarbamates, thiodipropionates, aminopyrazoles, metal chelates, mercaptobenzimidazoles , hydroxybenzophenones, cinnamates, oxalanilides, salicylates, 1,3-benzenediol monobenzoates, benzotriazoles, triazines, benzophenones, titanium dioxide, carbon black, metal-containing complex organic compounds of sulfur or phosphorus, hindered amines (HALS), metal hydroxides, borates, organic bromine or chlorinated compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, antimony trioxide, melamine, melamine cyanurate, expanded graphite or other intumescent systems, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, dithiocarbamates, alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylates, polyethylene lycols and their esters and ethers, ethoxylates, mono- and diglycerides, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid amides, metal and fatty acid salts, polyolefin waxes , natural or artificial paraffins and their derivatives, fluoropolymers and fluorine-containing oligomers, anticaking agents such as silicic acids, silicones, silicates, calcium carbonate, amides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives, cyclic amides, hydrazones and bishydrazones, hydrazides, hydrazines , melamine and its derivatives, benzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, hindered phenols in combination with metal complexing compounds, benzylphosphonates, pyridithiols, thiobisphenol esters, polyglycols, ethoxylates, fluoropolymers and fluoro-oligomers, mountain waxes, in particular stearates, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarsine (OBPA), N-(trihalomethylthiol)phthalimide, tributyltin oxide, zinc dimethylthiocarbamate, dife nilantimony-2-ethylhexanoate, copper-8-hydroxyquinoline, isothiazolones, silver and silver salts as biocides or mixtures thereof.

In addition, it is not shown that the first polymer and/or the second polymer can be a polyolefin or a copolymer of a polyolefin, preferably a polymer and/or a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene and/or a mixture and/or composition thereof, and/or it may also be polyethylene terephthalate and/or a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer.

The mass fraction of the component with a low melting point in the bicomponent fiber 5 can be no more than 50%.

List of positions

one composite film 2 functional layer 3 outer protective layer four inner protective layer 5 bicomponent fiber 6 first component 7 second component eight membrane layer 9 outer membrane layer ten adhesion promoter layer eleven reinforcing layer 12 upper side 13 down side fourteen adhesive zone fifteen longitudinal edge

Claims (31)

1. Composite film (1), preferably intended for use in construction and/or preferably for use as a building film, having at least one functional layer (2), at least one outer protective layer (3) and at least one inner protective layer (4), wherein the functional layer (2) is located between the outer protective layer (3) and the inner protective layer (4), characterized in that the functional layer (2) is made in the form of at least a single-layer membrane layer, the outer protective layer (3) and the inner protective layer (4) are made in the form of a polyolefin-containing layer of non-woven material and the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer ( 4) contains at least one bicomponent fiber (5) with the first component (6) and the second component (7), wherein the first component (6) contains the first polymer as a component, and the second component (7) contains the second polymer, and the composite the film (1) is diffusible, and the functional layer (2) contains or consists of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a material. 2. Composite film according to claim 1, characterized in that the functional layer (2) is made in the form of a monolithic membrane layer. 3. Composite film according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the functional layer (2) has a surface density of less than 100 g/m ² , preferably from 1 to 70 g/m ² , more preferably from 3 to 40 g/m ² , preferably from 4 to 30 g/m ² , in particular from 5 to 25 g/m ² . 4. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional layer (2) comprises at least two membrane layers, wherein in particular the individual layers are configured differently and/or at least two layers are configured at least essentially identical. 5. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one membrane layer (8) of the functional layer (2), in particular the outer membrane layer (8), preferably facing the outer protective layer (3) and/or inner protective layer (4), contains thermoplastic polyester (TPEE) and/or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as material and/or functional layer (2) is made of TPEE layers and/or TPU layers. 6. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outer membrane layer (9) and/or inner membrane layer (8) of the multilayer functional layer (2) contains a foamed polymer and/or consists of it, with in this case, in particular, the outer membrane layer (9) of the functional layer (2) containing the foamed polymer is connected to the outer and/or inner protective layer (3, 4) by engagement. 7. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4) is made in the form of a layer of non-woven material containing polypropylene and/or consisting of polypropylene, in particular in the form of a layer of polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven fabric. 8. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4) is made in the form of a layer of spunbond nonwoven material. 9. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface density of the outer protective layer (3) and/or inner protective layer (4) is less than or equal to 250 g/m ² , preferably between 1 and 250 g/m ² , more preferably from 10 to 150 g/m ² , preferably from 20 to 120 g/m ² , in particular from 30 to 100 g/m ² . 10. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4) is made in the form of a mechanically, chemically and/or thermally, preferably thermally, reinforced layer of non-woven material. 11. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional layer (2) is firmly connected to the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4), preferably glued. 12. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4), in particular containing at least one bicomponent fiber (5), the outer protective layer (3) and/ or an inner protective layer (4) and/or a functional layer (2), in particular, on the outside, preferably contains a polymer-containing layer (10) of an adhesion promoter, moreover, in particular, the layer (10) of the adhesion promoter is firmly connected to the functional layer (2) and/or wherein the layer (10) of the adhesion promoter contains a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin, preferably polyurethane. 13. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite film (1) is vapor-permeable, windproof, rain-resistant and/or water-repellent and/or waterproof, and, in particular, the S _d value of the composite film (1) less than or equal to 0.5 m, preferably 0.008 to 0.5 m, more preferably 0.009 to 0.2 m, more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 m. 14. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensile strength of the composite film (1) exceeds 50 N/mm, preferably 50 to 600 N/mm, more preferably 100 to 400 N/mm, and/ or the tear propagation resistance of the composite film (1) is greater than 50 N/mm, preferably 50 to 500 N/mm, more preferably 100 to 300 N/mm. 15. Composite film according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that between the functional layer (2) and the outer protective layer (3) and/or the inner protective layer (4) is located at least one reinforcing layer (11), and the reinforcing layer (11) is made in the form of an openwork fabric, and, in particular, the reinforcing layer (11) contains a synthetic material and/or an artificial resin, preferably a synthetic polymer, in particular polypropylene (PP) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and/or consists out of him. 16. Composite film according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that on the upper side (12) and/or lower side (13) of the composite film (1) there is at least one adhesion zone (14) from the longitudinal edge, moreover, in in particular, this edge adhesion zone (14) is spaced from the longitudinal edge (15) of the composite film (1), and/or wherein the adhesion zone (14) is made in the form of a strip, optionally in the form of discontinuous strips, and/or where the adhesion zone (14 ) has a width of 2 to 10 cm. 17. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the melting points of the first component (6) and the second component (7) is less than or equal to 8°C, in particular the difference between the melting points of the first component (6) and the second component (7 ) does not exceed 6°C or is from 1 to 8°C, preferably from 1 to 6°C. 18. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component (6) and the second component (7) is less than or equal to 25 g/10 min, preferably less than or equal to 20 g/10 min, particularly preferably is 15 g / 10 min. 19. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the melt flow index of both the first component (6) and the second component (7) is less than or equal to 50 g/10 min, preferably less than or equal to 40 g/10 min. 20. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component with a lower melting point in the cross section of the bicomponent fiber (5) forms the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber (5), preferably surrounds the component with a higher melting point, preferably completely. 21. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer of one of the two components (6, 7) was obtained by polymerization on a metallocene catalyst. 22. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer of the other component was obtained by polymerization on a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and later subjected to visbreaking. 23. Composite film according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the first component (6) contains an additive, and the mass fraction of the additive in the second component (7) is less than in the first component (6), and preferably is not more than 66.6 %, more preferably not more than 50%, in particular not more than 33.3%, based on the mass fraction of the additive in the first component (6). 24. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive is a primary or secondary antioxidant, UV absorber, UV stabilizer, flame retardant, antistatic agent, lubricant, metal deactivator, hydrophilizing agent, water repellent, anti-fog additive and/or biocide. 25. Composite film according to one of the previous paragraphs, characterized in that the additive is selected from the following group: hindered phenols, aromatic secondary or tertiary amines, aminophenols, aromatic nitro or nitroso compounds, organic phosphites or phosphonates, thioethers, thioalcohols, thioesters, sulfides and sulfur-containing organic acids, dithiocarbamates, thiodipropionates, aminopyrazoles, metal chelates, mercaptobenzimidazoles , hydroxybenzophenones, cinnamates, oxalanilides, salicylates, 1,3-benzenediol monobenzoates, benzotriazoles, triazines, benzophenones, titanium dioxide, carbon black, metal-containing complex organic compounds of sulfur or phosphorus, hindered amines (HALS), metal hydroxides, borates, organic bromine or chlorinated compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, antimony trioxide, melamine, melamine cyanurate, expanded graphite or other intumescent systems, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, dithiocarbamates, alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylates, polyethylene lycols and their esters and ethers, ethoxylates, mono- and diglycerides, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, fatty acid amides, metal and fatty acid salts, polyolefin waxes , natural or artificial paraffins and their derivatives, fluoropolymers and fluorine-containing oligomers, anticaking agents such as silicic acids, silicones, silicates, calcium carbonate, amides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives, cyclic amides, hydrazones and bishydrazones, hydrazides, hydrazines , melamine and its derivatives, benzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, hindered phenols in combination with metal complexing compounds, benzylphosphonates, pyridithiols, thiobisphenol esters, polyglycols, ethoxylates, fluoropolymers and fluoro-oligomers, mountain waxes, in particular stearates, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxarsine ( OBPA), N-(trihalomethylthiol)phthalimide, tributyltin oxide, zinc dimethylthiocarbamate, diphen ylantimony-2-ethylhexanoate, copper-8-hydroxyquinoline, isothiazolones, silver and silver salts as biocides or mixtures thereof. 26. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first polymer and/or the second polymer is a polyolefin or polyolefin copolymer, preferably a polymer and/or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene, and/or a mixture thereof, and/or composition and/or are polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene terephthalate copolymer. 27. Composite film according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the bicomponent fiber (5) the mass fraction of the component with a lower melting point is not more than 50%, preferably not more than 25%, more preferably not more than 10%, in particular not more than 5%. 28. The use of the composite film (1) according to one of the preceding paragraphs as a building film, facade film and/or roofing membrane and/or for use in construction.

Images