RU2780068C1 - System and method for water purification by the recrystallization method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: technical solution relates to systems and methods for water purification by recrystallization and heat exchange devices used in them for periodic freezing and thawing of ice. According to the method, the required parameters of water in terms of purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water are obtained. The heat exchange device is filled with water in the amount of one or a multiple of two heat exchange units. The system operation algorithm is selected for cold, heat, compressor and circulation pump operation intensities by means of the control unit controller. Cooling of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device is carried out by means of the control unit based on the parameters of the selected system operation algorithm. At the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device, the contaminated water is drained into the drainage system of the receiving unit. The heat exchanger is switched to the heating mode. The melted ice is drained from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the container in the amount of one or a multiple of two of the receiving unit by means of the control unit.

EFFECT: increasing the degree of purification and water quality.

46 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[001] This technical solution relates to systems and methods for water purification by recrystallization and the heat exchange devices used in them for periodic freezing and thawing of ice, in particular, to systems with two and multi-stage recrystallization schemes, and can be used in everyday life, the food industry, on catering establishments, agriculture and medicine for purification of technical, polluted, saline and sea water, which are used to obtain melted drinking water.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Water purification has always been an acute problem for all mankind, and every year there is a growing need for new technological and energy-efficient methods of purifying both tap water and natural sources, as well as wastewater treatment and seawater desalination.

[003] International application WO2015111405 "Water purifier, method of purifying water, fluid purifier and method of purifying a fluid" (applicant: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha, publication date 07/30/2015) is known from the prior art, consisting of two heat exchange devices containing chambers for freezing water and thawing ice and cooling and heating elements, with the possibility of draining pre-treated water from one chamber and supplying it for final cleaning to another chamber, a refrigerant circuit connected to cooling and heating elements with the possibility of alternately freezing water and thawing ice in chambers of heat exchange devices and transfer of heat of the refrigerant generated in the chamber during freezing of water to the chamber for thawing ice, and control and monitoring means connected to the said circuits with the possibility of changing the direction of movement of the refrigerant in alternate modes of freezing water and thawing ice. The water circuit contains a means for supplying raw water, a means for draining the contaminated water concentrate, a means for draining clean water, a container for contaminated water concentrate, a container for clean water and a pump for supplying clean water to the said container.

[004] The refrigerant circulation circuit contains a compressor, at least one water-cooled condenser, connected by heat exchange with a container for contaminated water concentrate after it is drained from the chambers of heat exchange devices, at least two heat exchange regenerators, a refrigerant filter and an expansion valve, connected to the inlets and outlets of the cooling and heating elements.

[005] The control and monitoring means comprises a controller and associated control valves for changing the direction of water and refrigerant flows in said circuits.

[006] The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low quality of water purification, due to the production of pure water without the release of heavy water from it. Thus, the system is limited in functionality and increases the cost of its operation with a relatively low quality of water purification.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[007] This technical solution eliminates the shortcomings known in the prior art for similar technical solutions.

[008] The technical problem or technical problem solved in this technical solution is the implementation of water purification by the method of recrystallization.

[009] The technical result achieved by solving the above technical problem is to increase the degree of purification and water quality.

[0010] Water purification in heat exchange devices occurs due to the organization of the toroidal (annular) movement of water and its crystallization on the cooled surface of the heat exchange device as a result of the temperature difference between the cooled wall and the warm wall of the displacer.

[0011] An increase in the degree of purification and quality of water obtained from melted ice is achieved by supplying air to the lower part of the cooled cavity of the heat exchangers of the heat exchange unit.

[0012] An increase in the degree of purification and quality of water obtained from melted ice is achieved due to the operation of circulation pumps that pump water from the recirculation cavity of the heat exchange device to the cooled cavity of the heat exchange device.

[0013] An increase in the degree of purification and quality of water obtained from melted ice is achieved through a combination of air supply to the lower part of the cooled cavity of the heat exchangers of the heat exchange unit and due to the operation of circulation pumps pumping water from the recirculation cavity of the heat exchange device into the cooled cavity of the heat exchange device, and also due to the temperature difference between the cooled wall of the heat exchanger and the heat of the displacer wall.

[0014] The specified technical result is achieved through the implementation of a water purification system by recrystallization, which contains:

• a heat exchange unit containing a heat exchange device in the amount of one or a multiple of two, a circulation pump and/or an air compressor and a set of sensors for determining water parameters, made with the possibility

• filling the heat exchange device with water;

• discharge of polluted water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system of the receiving unit;

• switching the heat exchange device to the heating or cooling mode;

• organization of water movement through the lower part under the baffle of the heat exchange device from the recirculation cavity of the heat exchange device into its cooled cavity;

• a refrigeration unit containing at least one compressor or an inverter compressor, a condenser, an electric motor with a fan, a receiver, solenoid valves or valves, check valves, pressure sensors and switches, sight glasses, made with the possibility

• Connections through solenoid valves or valves via cold and hot lines with the heat exchanger and receiving units, as well as with the possibility of burning the displacer in the heat exchanger and maintaining the temperature of the receiving unit tank;

• a receiving unit containing a thermally insulated receiving tank in the amount of one or a multiple of two with the function of maintaining the set temperature, a drainage pump configured to

• receipt of contaminated water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system;

• receipt of melted ice from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the receiving tank;

• a control unit containing at least one microprocessor configured to

• Obtaining the required water parameters in terms of purity (ppm), pH value, redox potential of water;

• selection of the system operation algorithm for cold, heat, intensities of the compressor and circulation pumps by means of the controller of the control unit;

• implementation of cooling of the freezing wall of the heat exchanger based on the parameters of the selected system operation algorithm;

• discharge of melted ice from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the receiving tank of the receiving unit.

[0015] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the movement of water through the lower part under the baffle of the heat exchange device from the recirculation cavity of the heat exchange device into its cooled cavity is carried out by means of the circulation pump and/or air compressor.

[0016] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange device in the heat exchange unit is thermally insulated.

[0017] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange unit contains an air compressor with adjustable air supply intensity and check valves.

[0018] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange unit contains a water circulation pump.

[0019] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange unit contains water connecting pipes and insulated pipelines for supplying and removing freon.

[0020] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange device has a displacer that always has a positive temperature.

[0021] In some embodiments of the technical solution, a DC voltage is applied to the partition of the heat exchange device.

[0022] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the magnitude and duration of the voltage supply depends on predetermined pH and/or ORP parameters.

[0023] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the heat exchange device is made of steel or titanium.

[0024] in some embodiments of the technical solution, the elements of the heat exchange device are sprayed and/or coated with platinum and/or iridium.

[0025] In some embodiments of the technical solution, when two heat exchange devices are operating, their operation proceeds in antiphase: if the process of freezing ice occurs in the first heat exchange device, then the process of ice melting occurs in the second heat exchange device.

[0026] In some embodiments of the technical solution, a set of sensors for determining water indicators includes a liquid level sensor and / or a temperature sensor, and / or a sensor for controlling the composition of water by the physical and chemical properties of water, and / or a conductometric salt meter for determining the total salt content.

[0027] In some embodiments of the technical solution in the refrigeration unit, the compressor is a refrigeration compressor with an integrated electric motor.

[0028] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the receiving unit contains electromagnetic solenoid valves or valves for water and freon (freon), and a manifold for supplying purified water to the receiving tanks, and a manifold for removing contaminated water, and a water drainage pump for removing contaminated water, and water pump for clean water.

[0029] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the receiving unit contains a water leakage sensor.

[0030] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the pump includes a water presence sensor.

[0031] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the water composition monitoring sensors determine the pH of the water and/or the redox potential of the water ORP.

[0032] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the water composition control sensors analyze the water at the inlet to the heat exchanger.

[0033] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the control unit has a separate DC power supply with the ability to change the voltage from 6 to 72 volts.

[0034] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the control unit is configured to control the temperature of the water at the inlet, and/or the temperature of the water in the heat exchangers, and/or the temperature on the cooled walls of the heat exchangers, and/or the temperature on the displacers of the heat exchangers, and/or the temperature of the water in the containers of the receiving unit.

[0036] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the sensors for determining the composition of the water are located in the receiving tanks or at the outlet of the heat exchanger.

[0036] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the temperature of the water in the receiving tank is maintained in the range from 4 to 16°C.

[0037] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the temperature in the receiving tank is controlled by temperature sensors and regulated by the supply of coolant from the refrigeration unit.

[0038] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the temperature of the receiving tank is controlled by switching electromagnetic valves.

[0039] In some embodiments of the technical solution, purified water is stored in the receiving tank for up to 16 hours, after which it is drained through solenoid valves or valves into the drainage system of the receiving unit. A temperature-controlled receiving tank allows for a longer time to maintain the beneficial physical and biochemical properties of melt water (high pH and low ORP).

[0040] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the refrigeration unit operates in different modes of cold performance by adjusting the operation of the compressor.

[0041] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the refrigeration unit unit is connected through solenoid electromagnetic valves or valves to the heat exchange and receiving units, via cold and hot lines.

[0042] Also, the specified technical result is achieved by implementing a water purification method by recrystallization (freezing) performed by at least one microprocessor and including the following steps:

• obtain the required parameters of water in terms of purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water;

• fill the heat exchange device with water in the amount of one or a multiple of two heat exchange units;

• select the system operation algorithm for cold, heat, compressor and circulating pumps operation intensity by means of the control unit controller;

• carry out cooling of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device by means of the control unit based on the parameters of the selected system operation algorithm;

• drain the polluted water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system of the receiving unit;

• switch the heat exchange device to the heating mode;

• melted ice is drained from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the container in the amount of one or a multiple of two receiving unit by means of the control unit.

[0043] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the required water purity parameters (ppm), pH, redox potential of water are obtained from the graphical user interface of the system.

[0044] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the required water purity parameters (ppm), pH, redox potential of water are obtained from a remote server.

[0045] In some embodiments of the technical solution, water is filled into the heat exchange device through an opening located in the lower part of the heat exchange device.

[0046] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the water level during filling in the heat exchange device is controlled by a water level sensor.

[0047] In some embodiments of the technical solution, when filling water into the heat exchange device, a germicidal lamp is included.

[0048] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the cooling of the freezing wall begins before or after filling the heat exchange device with water.

[0049] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the temperature on the cooled wall of the heat exchanger is up to -30°C.

[0050] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor on the wall of the heat exchanger and is controlled by the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration unit.

[0051] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the cooling time of the freezing wall in the heat exchange device is from 10 to 90 minutes.

[0052] In some embodiments of the technical solution, after cooling the freezing wall of the heat exchange device, the melted wall ice is drained.

[0053] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the duration of ice melting does not exceed the operating time of the heat exchanger in the freezing mode.

[0054] In some embodiments of the technical solution in the heating mode, the temperature is controlled by the temperature sensor of the displacer of the heat exchange device and is controlled by the operation of the solenoid valves that provide heat to the displacer heating element.

[0055] In some embodiments of the technical solution, water parameters are measured by devices at the inlet to the system and / or at the outlet.

[0056] In some implementations of the technical solution, a system operation algorithm is selected for cold, heat, compressor, air compressor, and/or circulation pumps through a machine learning algorithm.

[0057] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the pH is adjusted by applying a DC voltage to the housing wall and the baffle of the heat exchanger.

[0058] In some embodiments of the technical solution, pH values are obtained in water from the pH level of the water at the inlet to 12.5.

[0059] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the redox potential is controlled by applying and changing the DC voltage supplied to the body and the heat exchanger baffle of the heat exchange unit.

[0060] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the range of values of the redox potential takes on a value from the initial value of the incoming water to minus 180 mV.

[0061] The innovative aspect is the simplicity of water purification - using only the natural effect of freezing, without the use of carbon or membrane filters, without the use of chemical adsorbents and reducing agents, it is possible to obtain clean drinking water, regardless of the degree of contamination of the source water.

[0062] The advantages of the technology are: low energy consumption (cooling water to 0 degrees is energetically more profitable than heating it to 100 degrees), the ability to fine-tune the cleaning parameters, the flow method (the water jet in the pipe is divided into two fractions - pure water and brine), products waste is less than 1% of the original volume, which simplifies their disposal (there is the possibility of waste-free production).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] The features and advantages of the present technical solution will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0064] In FIG. 1 shows a variant of the implementation of the water purification system by the method of recrystallization (freezing) in the form of a block diagram.

[0065] In FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a heat exchange unit comprising at least one heat exchange device, a circulation pump and/or an air compressor, and a set of sensors for determining water parameters.

[0066] In FIG. 3 shows a variant of the implementation of the refrigeration unit in the form of a block diagram.

[0067] In FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the control unit, which can be implemented in the form of a computer system 400 for the implementation of water purification by the method of recrystallization (freezing).

[0068] In FIG. 5 shows an example implementation of the receiving unit in the form of a block diagram.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] Below will be discussed in detail the terms and their definitions used in the description of the technical solution.

[0070] In this invention, the system refers to a computer system, a computer (electronic computer), CNC (numerical control), PLC (programmable logic controller), computerized control systems and any other devices capable of performing a given, well-defined sequence of operations (actions, instructions), centralized and distributed databases, smart contracts.

[0071] A processor is an electronic unit or an integrated circuit (microprocessor) executing machine instructions (programs), a smart contract, an Ethereum virtual machine (EVM), or the like. An instruction processing device reads and executes machine instructions (programs) from one or more data storage devices. The role of a storage device can be, but not limited to, hard disk drives (HDD), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), solid state drives (SSD), optical drives.

[0072] A program is a sequence of instructions intended to be executed by a computer control device or command processing device.

[0073] Recrystallization is a method of purification of a substance based on the difference in the solubility of a substance in a solvent at different temperatures (usually the temperature range from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent, if the solvent is water, or to some higher temperature).

[0074] A heat exchange device is a device designed to transfer heat necessary for the normal conduct of a process.

[0075] The solenoid valve is an efficient electromechanical device designed to control the flow of all types of liquids and gases.

[0076] Compressor (from Latin compressio - compression) - a device for compressing and supplying gases under pressure (air, refrigerant vapor, etc.).

[0077] The circulation pump is a device that uses the recirculation principle of operation, which consists in pumping the pumped medium based on the rotation of special elements and increasing the speed of movement of the coolant through the heat supply, pressure. This is due to the fact that the unit creates favorable conditions for the efficient pumping of the heat carrier through the pipes.

[0078] A germicidal lamp is a low-pressure electric gas discharge lamp with a bulb made of uviol glass or other material that provides a given ultraviolet radiation transmission spectrum.

[0079] The technological process of water purification by the method of recrystallization (freezing) and the algorithm of the system operation are described in detail below.

[0080] The water purification system (shown in Fig. 1 in the form of a block diagram) consists of four main blocks:

• Heat exchanger block 110 ;

• Refrigeration unit 120 ;

• Receiving unit 130 ;

• Control block 140 .

[0081] The heat exchange unit 110 consists of one or two thermally insulated heat exchange devices 210 (an increase in the number of heat exchangers is allowed) with liquid level sensors, temperature sensors, electromagnetic solenoid valves or valves for water and freon (freon), thermostatic expansion valves (TRV), bactericidal (UV - ultraviolet) lamps, a cleaning agent receiving tank, liquid level sensors, sensors for controlling the composition of water by the physical and chemical properties of water, determining - the pH value of water, the redox potential of ORP water, a conductometric salt meter for determining the total salinity and temperature of water (shown in Fig. 2 as 220 ). The main indicators that can be measured by digital control devices are described above. In some implementations, more sophisticated control devices, also digital, may be used. The above devices give out a sufficient number of parameters to obtain high-quality water in terms of purity.

[0082] In some embodiments, the heat exchange devices 210 may be insulated with K-FLEX rubber, thermoflex, lavsan, PORILEX, tilite, etc., but are not limited to. The number of heat exchange devices 210 may not be limited, it all depends on the power and performance of the compressor, but their number must be either one or a multiple of two, since they work in antiphase. The heat insulating material may be, for example, alumina, graphite, ceramic materials, Macor® glass ceramics, magnesium oxides, refractory materials, or other known insulating materials, without being limited.

[0083] Also, this block 110 has water connection pipes and insulated pipelines (not shown) for the supply and removal of freon. Air compressor 230 with adjustable air supply and check valves. Block 110 additionally contains a circulation water pump 240 , the number of pumps corresponding to the number of heat exchangers 210 .

[0084] The refrigeration unit 120 shown in FIG. 3, is a classic refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit includes: a refrigeration compressor 310 with a built-in electric motor or an inverter compressor, a 320 condenser (heat exchanger), an electric motor with a 330 fan, a receiver, solenoid valves or valves, check valves, pressure sensors and switches, sight glasses (not shown). In a specific implementation, a reciprocating compressor 310 is used, containing two or more stages, however, the use of an inverter compressor allows you to get water with more accurate set parameters.

[0085] An alternative implementation in this process are thermoelectric modules based on the Peltier principle. With this cooling/heating option, there is no need to use a large number of solenoid valves or valves, check valves and other elements of the classic refrigeration unit 120. This cooling/heating option is quite effective, but significant energy costs are required. Management, when using thermoelectric modules, is simpler.

[0086] The receiving unit 130 shown in FIG. 5, consists of one or two thermally insulated containers 510 with the function of maintaining the desired temperature. Maintenance is carried out by supplying refrigerant from the compressor, the temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor on each tank, adjustment is made by balancing the supply of refrigerant. This block 130 also includes temperature sensors, liquid level sensors, sensors for monitoring the composition of water according to the physical and chemical properties of water (shown as pos. 520), which determine the pH value of water pH, the redox potential of water ORP, a conductometric salt meter to determine the total salinity in ppm. The salinity level is checked using a salinity meter (salinometer) by taking a sample from the tank and testing it. To adjust the salinity, you can add salt or water. Block 130 includes electromagnetic solenoid valves or valves for water and freon (freon), a manifold for supplying purified water to receiving tanks 530 , a manifold for removing polluted water 540 , a water drainage pump for removing contaminated water, a water pump for clean water, all pumps have sensors the presence of water. Dispensing pipe for clean water or tap for dispensing clean water. Solenoid valves can be 2-way normally open or normally closed.

[0087] A two-way normally closed solenoid valve (not shown) of direct action has an inlet and an outlet. The diaphragm seal is mounted directly on the plunger, which opens or closes the main orifice by moving up or down. At that moment, when the coil is not energized, the plunger is in its lowest position, closing the passage hole with a membrane and not allowing liquid to pass to the outlet. When voltage is applied to the coil, the plunger moves to its highest position, thereby opening the through hole and allowing fluid to flow to the solenoid valve outlet.

[0088] The principle of operation is opposite to that of a normally closed solenoid valve. This means that in the absence of power to the coil, the solenoid valve is open and fluid flows freely from the inlet to the outlet. When power is applied to the coil, the plunger moves to its lowest position and closes the passage hole, thereby blocking the flow of fluid through the valve.

[0089] The receiving unit 130 is equipped with a water leakage sensor. A leak sensor, or a flood sensor, is a signaling device capable of detecting a water spill. The operation of the leakage sensor is based on the electrical conductivity of water. The sensor is equipped with two or three contacts and is installed in places where water will first appear during a leak. When water hits the contacts, a weak electric current is formed between them, and the sensor is triggered.

[0090] The control unit 140 consists of a microprocessor (will be described in detail below), the functionality of which allows you to analyze the physico-chemical composition of the water at the inlet to the treatment system according to the data received from the inlet water control sensors and, according to the specified choice of water parameters, the user controls the operation of the system. Depending on the inlet water parameters (eg ppm, pH, ORP), the processor selects the operating mode from memory to achieve the user-defined desired outlet water parameters.

[0091] The control unit 140 controls the operation of the elements of all units of the system.

[0092] Measurement of the physical and chemical composition of water at the inlet to the purification system by analyzing data obtained from sensors for monitoring the composition of water by the physical and chemical properties of water, which determine the pH of the water pH, the redox potential of the water ORP, the conductometric salt meter, which determines the total salinity of water. Similar control is exercised over the state of pure water in the tanks of the receiving unit 130 .

[0093] In some embodiments, up to 45 water parameters can be measured by the control unit 140 , for example,

• generalized indicators of water: pH value, total mineralization, permanganate oxidizability, phenol index, oil products;

• inorganic substances in water: ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), aluminum (Al3+), barium (Ва2+), iron (Fe, total), cadmium (Сd, total), manganese (Mn, total), copper (Сu, total), molybdenum (Mo, total), arsenic (As, total), nickel (Ni, total), nitrates (for NO3-), nitrites (for NO2-), mercury (Hg, total), lead (Pb, total), selenium (Se, total), strontium (Sr2+), sulfates (SO42-), fluorides (F-), chlorides (Cl-), chromium, cyanides (CN-), zinc (Zn2+);

• organic substances in water: γ-isomer HCC (lindane), DDT (sum of isomers), 2,4-D, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, benza(a)pyrene;

• chemicals in water: residual free chlorine, residual bound chlorine, chloroform, residual ozone, formaldehyde, polyacrylamide, activated silicic acid (according to Si), polyphosphates (according to PO43-);

• organoleptic properties of water: color, turbidity, smell;

• radiological substances in water: total β-radioactivity.

[0094] The control unit 140 has a separate DC power supply (not shown) of sufficient power with the ability to change the voltage from 6 to 72 volts to ensure the electrolysis process in the heat exchange devices 210 . Depending on the amount of impurities in the water, at the input at the same voltage, the current can have different values, and the dirtier the water, the higher the current. The purer the water, the less current. As ice forms and ice grows on the wall, the current decreases. The temperature of the water also affects the amount of current. The maximum current occurs only at the beginning of the electrolysis process. It has been experimentally proven that it is not safe to use a current of more than 5A, and this is enough, since there are other possibilities for obtaining a high pH value and a negative ORP value.

[0095] The control unit 140 controls the temperature of the water entering the system, the temperature of the water in the heat exchange devices 210 , the temperature on the cooled walls of the heat exchange devices 210 , the temperature on the displacers of the heat exchange devices 210 , the temperature of the water in the tanks 510 of the receiving unit 130 . Temperature sensors, pressure level sensors, all solenoid valves for water and gas, compressor, fan motor, pumps are connected to the processor of the control unit 140 .

[0096] The control unit 140 controls the operation of the refrigeration unit 120 , for all units it controls the operation of electromagnetic solenoid valves or valves for water and freon, depending on the set operating mode, as well as the operation of the water circulation pumps of heat exchangers 510 and the air compressor 230 , turning on and off the germicidal lamp, drain pump and clean water pump.

[0097] The control unit 140 allows you to select the mode of operation of the system and automatically selects the algorithm of the system to receive water in the tanks 510 of the receiving unit 130 of water with the parameters specified by the consumer. The consumer-user can select (or set) the desired parameters for water purity in ppm, set the desired pH value, and the ORP value. A combination of options is also allowed.

[0098] The implementation of the invention under normal conditions can be carried out remotely and often under automatic computer control (for example, through machine learning) to minimize operator time. Thus, the implementation of most actions is possible remotely in the preferred implementations of the invention. Therefore, the method of this invention involves the use of automated valves, remotely controlled motors and feeders, sensors with remote displays and communications with a logic process controller or PLC, which can be implemented in the control unit 140 . Also, these controls can activate and control the process of obtaining the required water parameters.

[0099] A PLC programmable logic controller (not shown) is a computer programmed to control all critical system functions in exactly the sequence required to safely start, operate, and shut down the system of the invention. This minimizes the number of operators that have to monitor the system. The PLC programmable logic controller is also a superior means of optimizing system operation than its programmable counterparts, which would be difficult for operators to control as it requires extensive training.

[00100] The PLC programmable logic controller monitors parameters every few seconds and is able to recognize and correct operational problems, send warnings and alarms, and safely shut down the system. Optimization of operation can be achieved by changing pump speeds, valve positions, adding pH adjusting or defoaming chemicals, and changing system modes.

[00101] The PLC programmable logic controller interfaces with a human machine interface, or HMI (Human Machine Interface) for short, which uses a dedicated local screen or one or more remote computer screens on computers that may be located in the control room. Such computers can also be located anywhere in the plant or around the world and be accessible via the Internet. This allows controllers, management (supervisors, management) and raw material suppliers to remotely monitor the system for proper system operation and its subsequent optimization.

[00102] The HMI is also capable of logging system data for persistent storage of records, for analyzing system parameters, and generating administrative reports for operating the system of the invention. These analyzes and reports can alert management to impending repairs. Even problems such as cleaning of valve membranes, etc., can be solved automatically between the use of portions of the substances used according to the invention.

[00103] The control unit 140 can be equipped with three main buttons and two adjustment more/less:

• System on/off button.

• Button for selecting the program of the system.

• Button to start the system in work/stop work, including for changing the program selection.

• More button.

• Button less.

[00104] The function of remote control of the system via a smartphone, tablet computer, with connection to smart home systems or similar centralized remote control systems is provided.

[00105] The operating modes of the system and the algorithm of operation are disclosed in detail below.

1. Basic mode of operation with the required water purity on the display and in the processor and the outlet water temperature.

2. Flushing the system without flushing the receiving unit 130 (the mode is recommended for daily use, given that the system was turned off at night).

3. Flushing the system without flushing the receiving unit of the heat exchangers 210 using a cleaning agent (for example, citric acid can be used as a solution for food use - the recommended cleaning agent).

4. Flushing the system is complete.

5. Flushing the system completely with the use of a cleaning agent.

6. Mode of operation of the system with a given pH indicator of water pH.

7. Mode of operation of the system with a given redox potential of ORP water.

8. System operation mode with specified water purity in ppm, pH and ORP.

[00106] For the system to work, you need:

[00107] Connecting the system to AC power;

[00108] connecting the system to a water source;

[00109] connecting the system to a sewer or other receiving container of sufficient volume to collect contaminated water.

[00110] System activations and program selection are performed as follows in the exemplary embodiment.

[00111] The power button is pressed. The system is connected to the power supply.

- The program selection button selects a program, for example: Basic operating mode.

- Use the more/less buttons to select the desired value of the purity of the water at the outlet of the system in ppm. For other programs, possible pH and ORP values are selected.

- Next, there is a transition to the selection of the desired water temperature at the outlet of the system

-+ Press start button. The system has been put into operation.

- The display shows all the set parameters of the program, the time until the end of the cycle, the amount of ready water in the receiving unit 130 , its salinity, the pH level and the ORP value, its temperature, the time until the end of the cycle, other system parameters, including when the display is switched to information mode (for technical specialists), you can display other technical parameters controlled during system operation: water temperature in the heat exchange device 210 on the cooled / heated wall of the heat exchange device 210 , temperature on the displacer wall, water quality at the inlet, freon boiling point at different points of the system and etc.

[00112] The water treatment technology and operation algorithm is detailed below in the detailed implementation example.

[00113] The heat exchange device 210 is filled with water, such as from a water supply.

[00114] A germicidal lamp (not shown in the drawings) turns on with any water supply to the system at the time of water supply or in advance, with full or partial flushing, any filling of heat exchange devices 210 . The bactericidal lamp always turns on when water is supplied to the system.

[00115] Filling the heat exchanger 210 ', draining the washing water, draining the contaminated water, and draining the clean water resulting from the melting of ice, is performed through the hole located at the bottom of the heat exchanger 210 '. The distribution of water flows is carried out through the operation of solenoid electromagnetic valves. The water level in the heat exchanger is monitored by a level sensor. If a certain level is reached, the flow stops. When freezing a large amount of ice, it is allowed to overflow unfrozen water through the drainage channel into the drainage system of the receiving unit 130 . For maximum efficiency, water is poured into the heat exchanger 210 to the maximum, the ice expands as it grows and the total volume, along with water, increases. The general water level rises, and the water flows into the drainage. The system uses a drain pump in the receiving tank, clean water supply pumps from the receiving tanks, and circulation pumps in each heat exchanger 210 .

[00116] The cooling of the freezing wall of the heat exchanger 210 begins, depending on the cleaning program, before or after filling the heat exchanger 210 with water.

[00117] The cooling of the heat exchange device 210 starts in advance, before the water is poured into the heat exchange device 210 , the temperature on the cooled wall of the device 210 can reach -20°C. Depending on the quality of the inlet water and the specified parameters of the water to be obtained, the wall of the heat exchange device 210 is cooled from 1 to 15 minutes until the heat exchange device 210 is filled with water. There are also embodiments where water enters the heat exchanger 210 first, and then cooling is turned on.

[00118] The low temperature on the cooled wall contributes to the fastest crystallization of water, while the ice is as dense as possible and has a very high degree of transparency. The density and transparency of ice is achieved due to the speed of water movement along the freezing wall of the heat exchange device 210 and the wall temperature. The greater the speed, the cleaner the ice and, as a result, the water from this ice. From this ice, water of very high purity is obtained with a minimum amount of impurities.

[00119] Depending on the set parameters of the water that the user wants to get at the outlet, the degree of primary cooling of the heat exchange device 210 varies. The lower the temperature and the faster the movement of water, the purer the water obtained from ice.

[00120] For certain modes, the primary filling of the heat exchange device 210 with water and its gradual cooling, at various temperature conditions, is allowed. While filling the heat exchange device 210 with water and starting to cool it down, the temperature on the wall of the heat exchange device 210 decreases gradually. With this cooling option, in the first layer of ice, which is easy to separate from the main ice mass, a large amount of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, the so-called heavy components of water, are collected. And as a result, we get lightened water at the exit.

[00121] The temperature is monitored by a temperature sensor on the wall of the heat exchanger 210 and controlled by the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration unit 120 .

[00122] The duration of ice freezing in the heat exchange device 210 is from 10 to 90 minutes. In practice, it has been proven that 5-10 minutes is the minimum time for ice crystallization on the wall of the heat exchange device 210 , and in 90 minutes, in the heat exchange device 210 , in a specific embodiment, at the slowest operating mode, the ice will rest against the partition, and the water will stop circulate. In an exemplary embodiment, the following mode works: 8 minutes wall cooling, filling the heat exchange device 210 with water, ice freezing lasts 52 minutes, the ice does not reach the wall by 1-2 mm. At the output, about 55-60% of pure water is obtained, relative to the initially poured into the heat exchange device 210 . At the end of the freezing cycle, the contaminated water is drained into the drainage system 540 of the receiving unit 130 , melted wall ice can be drained. All the dirt remains in the unfrozen water, at least the main part. Only what should remain in pure water remains in the ice. For one cycle of the system, you can get pure water with a content of 3-3.5ppm, almost distilled water. The heat exchange device 210 switches to the heating mode and then the melted ice is drained into the tank 510 of the receiving unit 130 . The temperature in the heating mode rises to 60°C, but the flowing clean water has a temperature of no more than 12°C. The temperature rises gradually.

[00123] Draining melted wall ice into the drainage system 540 makes it possible to obtain water with a minimum amount of impurities, including the maximum amount of heavy isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (heavy water) harmful to the body in the first layer of ice. When water moves in a low-temperature environment, only water molecules freeze. If the movement of water is slow, more dirt is obtained, if there is no movement at all, and to freeze the entire array of water, all that was then will remain.

[00124] The duration of ice melting does not exceed the operating time of the heat exchange device 210 in the freezing mode.

[00125] The displacer of the heat exchange device 210 is constantly in a warm state, regardless of the freezing or thawing cycle, that is, its walls are also heated, which have positive temperatures. The temperature is monitored by the displacer temperature sensor and controlled by the operation of the solenoid valves, which provide heat to the displacer heating element.

[00126] The displacer, which has a constant positive temperature, contributes to the accelerated movement of water along its walls from top to bottom, since at a temperature of +4 ⁰ C it has a maximum density and mass, respectively, it follows that this water "sinks" in water. Water due to impurities does not freeze at a temperature of 0°C, water begins to freeze at a temperature of +3.8°C. Moreover, before the crystallization begins, the water is compressed and compacted. Accordingly, at high density, the specific gravity of water becomes larger than usual. Accordingly, the temperature difference between the cooled wall and the displacer wall is obtained. In order to separate the flows, there is a partition between them. As a result, from the outer side of the baffle and between the wall of the displacer, water moves up, and between the inner wall of the baffle and the displacer, water moves down. Additionally, air supply and/or circulation pumps are used to accelerate the movement of water.

[00127] The heated displacer prevents the water in the heat exchanger 210 from overcooling and prevents the formation of binary (acicular) ice.

[00128] A constantly heated displacer helps to accelerate the melting of ice during the defrosting process.

[00129] The constantly heated displacer helps to stabilize the operation of the classic refrigeration unit 120 because the walking unit 120 generates more heat than it produces cold.

[00130] Depending on the selected water purification mode, the air compressor 310 and/or the circulation pump is turned on. The cleaner the water is to be obtained, the more intensively the compressor and/or circulation pumps must work. The compressor 310 and the pump can work either together or separately, depending on the selected mode of operation (it all depends on the specified parameters of the water to be obtained.). The intensity of the compressor 310 and the pump is highly adjustable.

[00131] The air compressor 310 and the circulation pump can work together, in parallel, or separately, depending on the requirements for the outlet water.

[00132] The intensity of the pump and compressor 310 also affect the quality of the water. The harder the work, the cleaner the water.

[00133] In order to obtain pure water with an increased pH value and/or a negative ORP value, a DC voltage is applied to the wall of the displacer baffle. The magnitude and duration of the voltage supply depends on the set parameters pH and, or ORP.

[00134] Electrolysis is switched on at a certain temperature of the cooled wall and water, respectively (from +6 to +10°C, it depends on what you need to get at the output). The value of the constant voltage and current is also regulated to obtain the specified pH and ORP parameters. For example, if you need to get an ORP of -40 and a pH of 11.5, we supply 36 V at a water t of +10 ° C. If you need to get ORP -80 and pH 11, supply 42 V at t water + 6 ° C

[00135] Moreover, negative ORP values are obtained only in the first layers of ice, therefore, with the goal of obtaining water with high pH and negative ORP values, it makes no sense to freeze a lot of ice.

[00136] To achieve high pH and ORP values, it is advisable to use a heat exchange device 210 made of titanium, moreover, the elements of the heat exchange device 210 involved in the electrolysis process must have a special coating, sputtering of platinum, iridium or similar metals.

[00137] The heat exchange device 210 in the system can operate as one or two (also further even 2). When the two heat exchangers 210 are operating, they operate in antiphase. That is, if the process of freezing ice occurs in the first heat exchange device, then the process of ice melting occurs in the second heat exchange device.

[00138] The operation of two or a multiple number of heat exchange devices in antiphase is considered the best option, since both cold and heat are rationally and balancedly used, the apparatus is operating uniformly, especially the refrigeration unit 120 .

[00139] The operation of the device with a single heat exchanger 210 may be preferred in the home and when it is necessary to obtain a small amount of water with given parameters, especially ORP and pH. It is quite difficult to remove from the system a part of the water with a large negative ORP value, since the ORP tends to quickly turn into positive values. There are no particular problems with pH, pH lasts long enough, so when storing water in a refrigerator at a temperature of +6 ° C for 40 days, the pH dropped by only 0.5 units, which can be attributed to a measurement error in theory. Water with a negative ORP from a complete system must be drained very quickly and used for its intended purpose.

[00140] If water with high pH values is required, it is advantageous to use a system with two or more heat exchangers.

[00141] Sensors for monitoring the composition of water by the physical and chemical properties of water, which determine the pH value of the water, the redox potential of the ORP water, and a conductometric salt meter to determine the total salt content and temperature of the water analyze the water at the inlet to the heat exchange device.

[00142] Control sensors are also located in the receiving tanks 510 or at the outlet of the heat exchange device 210 .

[00143] Depending on the data received from the sensors, the control unit 140 selects the system operation parameters in terms of temperatures, the time of filling the heat exchangers with water, and the cooling cycle time is selected.

[00144] Receiving unit 130 consists of one, two or more thermally insulated receiving containers 510 . The temperature of the water in the receiving tanks 510 is maintained in the range from 4 to 16°C. It is controlled by temperature sensors and is carried out by supplying a coolant from the refrigeration unit 120 . The temperature of the receiving tanks 510 is adjusted by switching the solenoid valves.

[00145] First, clean water enters the first tank until the water level sensor in this tank is triggered. Next, the filling of the second receiving tank occurs until the water level sensor in the second tank is triggered.

[00146] It makes no sense to cool the water below +4°C, since the water begins to freeze at a temperature of +3.8°C, it is possible to overcool the water in a closed cavity to a temperature of -8 - -9°C, but in this case, with with a high degree of probability, binary (acicular) ice will be formed under any impact. Above 16°C, water begins to lose its physical properties.

[00147] In the absence of clean water flow from the receiving tanks and the level sensors in the first and second tanks 510 are triggered, the process of freezing and melting ice in the heat exchange devices 210 stops, the refrigeration unit 120 continues to maintain the set temperature only in the receiving tanks 510 .

[00148] At the beginning of the flow of water from the tanks 510 , the operation of the heat exchange devices 210 for water purification is resumed.

[00149] The first 16 hours, or a user-specified time, clean water from the heat exchangers 210 enters the first receiving tank 510 . The second 16 hours or the time specified by the consumer, the water from the heat exchangers 210 enters the second receiving tank.

[00150] The duration of storage of the finished water in the receiving tanks 510 is approximately 16 hours (the storage time of pure water is user-defined). After 16 hours or the time set by the consumer, the water is drained from the first tank and after 16 hours or the time set by the consumer from the second. As a result, the consumer always has the opportunity to use clean and fresh water.

[00151] Drainage of water occurs through solenoid valves or valves into the drainage system 540 of the receiving unit 130 .

[00152] It makes little sense to store water for more than 16 hours, since despite the fact that the water remains clean, it loses its physical properties. In regions where water is limited and expensive, this storage time may not be essential.

[00153] The drainage system 540 of the receiving unit 130 consists of solenoid valves or valves, a sensor for the presence of water in the system, and a water pump - a drainage pump. The drainage pump is triggered by a sensor for the presence of water in the system or a command from the control unit 140 . The presence of water in the system may be due to overflow of water from the heat exchangers 210 during the ice build-up process, due to expansion of the ice and displacement of water from the heat exchanger 210 '. As a result of draining contaminated water from the heat exchange device 210 . When draining water from the receiving tank 510 .

[00154] Receiving tanks 510 have pumps with sensors for the presence of water. When the pump of the first tank is running and the water is running at full capacity, the pump starts supplying water to the consumer from the second tank.

[00155] The receiving unit 130 has a water leakage sensor. When the water leakage sensor is triggered, the control unit 140 shuts off the water at the inlet to the system and the system is put into emergency operation.

[00156] The refrigeration unit 120 operates in various modes of cooling performance, due to the inverter of the compressor 310 , to achieve the quality indicators of clean water.

[00157] The performance of the compressor 310 controls the temperature on the cooled wall of the heat exchanger 210 .

[00158] In order to optimize processes, save energy and increase efficiency, the system uses the heat dissipation of the refrigeration unit 120 , that is, by using heat from the refrigeration unit 120 , frozen ice is thawed in heat exchange devices 210 , and displacers in heat exchange devices 210 are heated.

[00159] The refrigeration unit 120 is connected via solenoid solenoid valves or valves to the heat exchanger 110 and receiving units 130 via cold and hot lines.

[00160] When using Peltier thermoelectric modules, the compressor, condenser, and all solenoid valves of the gas circuit are not needed.

[00161] The system becomes much simpler, including in terms of control, so, in fact, the Peltier module is controlled by voltage and current. However, due to rising energy and electricity prices, this device is many times more expensive to operate.

[00162] It should also be understood that the Peltier module is a serial connection of many semiconductors and the failure of one of them entails the failure of the entire module. The main disadvantages are low efficiency and high energy costs. In a round heat exchanger, and in a rectangular one, as an option, if one part is cooled, then heat cannot be supplied to this place, or an electric heating cord must be connected or another heat source must be connected, but all this only leads to an increase in electricity costs.

[00163] And the displacer in this embodiment is heated by warm vapor from the compressor, here it is necessary to make a standard electric heater, which again entails electricity costs.

[00164] The control unit 140 operates the entire system.

[00165] According to the selected program, the control unit 140 turns on / off the germicidal lamp with any water supply to the system.

[00166] Controls the supply and distribution of water to the heat exchangers 210 , receiving tanks 510 and the removal of water from the system through the drain pump 540 of the receiving unit 130 .

[00167] Controls the supply of clean water from the receiving tanks 510 to the consumer.

[00168] The control unit 140 controls the operation of all solenoid valves in the refrigerant circuit, both hot and cold - gas circuit.

[00169] All control is by opening/closing the water and gas circuit solenoid valves.

[00170] The control unit 140 controls the operation and analyzes the data received from all temperature sensors and sensors for the level and presence of water of the heat exchanger 110 and receiving units 130 .

[00171] Analyzing the operation of temperature sensors, level sensors and the presence of water, the control unit 140 , depending on the selected cleaning program, regulates or maintains the necessary temperature conditions in the heat exchangers 210 and receiving tanks 510 by switching valves, controls the operation of the drainage pump 540 of the receiving unit 130 .

[00172] When water flows and the leakage sensor is triggered, the control unit 140 puts the system into emergency mode and stops operation until the malfunction is eliminated - leakage.

[00173] Referring to FIG. 4, the control unit 140 may be implemented in the form of a computer system 400 for performing water purification by recrystallization (freezing), which contains one or more of the following components:

• a processing component 401 comprising at least one processor 402 ,

• memory 403 ,

• multimedia component 405 ,

• audio component 406 ,

• interface 407 input / output (I / O),

• sensor component 408 ,

• component 409 data.

[00174] The processing component 401 basically manages all the operations of the system 400 , for example, handles the processing of user data or a request to perform the necessary water parameters, and also controls the display, data transmission, camera operation. Processing component 401 may include one or more processors 402 executing instructions for completing all or part of the steps from the above methods. In addition, the processing component 401 may include one or more modules for convenient interaction between other processing modules 401 and other modules. For example, the processing component 401 may include a multimedia module for convenient, lightweight interaction between the multimedia component 405 and the processing component 401 .

[00175] The memory 403 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of the system 400 , for example, a database with previously obtained water parameters to automate the operation of a technical solution. Examples of such data include instructions from any application or method, contact data, address book data, messages, images, videos, etc., all of which operate on the system 400 . Memory 403 may be implemented as any type of volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk, and others, but not limited to.

[00176] The media component 405 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the system 400 , which may be installed on the user's mobile communication device, and the user. In some implementations, the screen may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input from a user. The touchpad includes one or more touch sensors in terms of gestures, touching and sliding on the touchpad. The touch sensor can not only sense the subject's touch boundary or swipe gesture, but also determine the length of time and pressure associated with the touch and slide operation mode. In some embodiments, media component 405 includes one front camera and/or one rear camera. When the system 400 is in an operating mode, such as shooting mode or video mode, the front camera and/or rear camera can receive media data from outside. Each front camera and rear camera can be one fixed lens optics system or can have focal length or optical zoom.

[00177] The audio component 406 is configured to output and/or input an audio signal. For example, the audio component 406 includes one microphone (MIC) that is configured to receive an external audio signal when the system 400 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a speech recognition mode. The received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 403 or routed through the communication component 409 . In some embodiments, the audio component 406 also includes a single speaker capable of outputting an audio signal.

[00178] An input/output (I/O) interface 407 provides an interface between the processing component 401 and any peripheral interface module. The above peripheral interface module may be a keyboard, steering wheel, button, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, a start button, a volume button, a home button, and a lock button.

[00179] The sensor component 408 includes one or more sensors and is configured to provide various aspects of assessing the state of the system 400 . For example, sensor component 408 can detect on/off states. system 400 , the relative location of components, such as the display and keypad, one component of system 400 , the presence or absence of contact between the subject and system 400 , and the orientation or acceleration/deceleration and change in temperature of system 400 . The sensor component 408 includes a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object when there is no physical contact. The sensor component 408 includes an optical sensor (eg, CMOS or CCD image sensor) configured for use in rendering an application. In some embodiments, the sensor component 408 includes an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[00180] The communication component 409 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the system 400 and other devices. System 400 can access a wireless network based on a communication standard such as GSM (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, DECT, CDMA, PHS, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the communication component 409 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast control system via a broadcast channel. In one embodiment, communication component 409 includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate near field communications. For example, the NFC module may be based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[00181] In an exemplary embodiment, system 400 may be implemented by one or more Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Programmable Logic Unit (PLU), a logic chip programmable in operating conditions (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic component, and can be configured to implement the method 200 for performing water purification.

[00182] In an exemplary embodiment, the non-volatile computer-readable medium includes a memory 403 that includes instructions, where the instructions are executed by the processor 401 of the system 400 to implement the water treatment methods described above. For example, a non-volatile computer-readable medium can be ROM, random access memory (RAM), compact disk, magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical storage devices, and the like.

[00183] Computing system 400 may include a display interface that transmits graphics, text, and other data from a communications infrastructure (or framebuffer, not shown) for display on media component 405 . Computing system 400 further includes input devices or peripherals. Peripheral devices may include one or more devices for interacting with a user's mobile communications device, such as a keyboard, microphone, wearable device, camera, one or more audio speakers, and other sensors. Peripherals may be external or internal to the user's mobile communication device. The touch screen can display typically graphics and text, and also provides a user interface (such as, but not limited to, a graphical user interface (GUI)) through which a subject can interact with the user's mobile communication device, such as accessing and interacting with with applications running on the device.

[00184] The elements of the proposed technical solution are in a functional relationship, and their joint use leads to the creation of a new and unique technical solution. Thus, all blocks are functionally connected.

[00185] All blocks used in the system can be implemented using electronic components used to create digital integrated circuits, which is obvious to a person skilled in the art. Not limited to, microcircuits, the logic of which is determined during manufacture, or programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGA), the logic of which is set by programming, can be used. Programmers and debugging environments are used for programming, allowing you to set the desired structure of a digital device in the form of a circuit diagram or a program in special hardware description languages: Verilog, VHDL, AHDL, etc. An alternative to FPGAs can be programmable logic controllers (PLCs), basic matrix crystals ( BMK), requiring a factory production process for programming; ASIC - specialized custom-made large integrated circuits (LSI), which are significantly more expensive for small-scale and single-piece production.

[00186] Typically, the FPGA chip itself consists of the following components:

• configurable logical blocks that implement the required logical function;

• programmable electronic links between configurable logic blocks;

• programmable input/output blocks that provide communication between the external output of the microcircuit and the internal logic.

[00187] Blocks can also be implemented using read-only memories.

[00188] Thus, the implementation of all used blocks is achieved by standard means based on the classical principles of implementing the fundamentals of computer technology.

[00189] As one of skill in the art will appreciate, aspects of the present technical solution may be implemented as a system, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, various aspects of the present technical solution may be implemented solely as hardware, as software (including application software, etc.), or as an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects, which may be generally referred to as a "module" , "system" or "architecture". In addition, aspects of the present technical solution may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-readable media having computer-readable program code embodied thereon.

[00190] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media can also be used. The computer-readable storage medium can be, without limitation, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specifically, examples (non-exhaustive list) of a computer-readable storage medium include: an electrical connection using one or more wires, a portable computer diskette; hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), fiber optic connection, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device or any combination of the above. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium can be any flexible storage medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with a system, device, apparatus.

[00191] Program code embedded in a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any medium, including, without limitation, wireless, wired, fiber optic, infrared, and any other suitable network, or a combination of the foregoing.

[00192] The computer program code for performing the operations for the steps of the present technical solution may be written in any programming language or combinations of programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Python, R, Java, Smalltalk, C++, and so on, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed in whole, in part, on the user's computer, or as a separate software package, in part on the user's computer and in part on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a connection to an external computer (eg, via the Internet via ISPs).

[00193] Aspects of the present technical solution have been described in detail with reference to block diagrams, circuit diagrams and/or diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products in accordance with embodiments of the present technical solution. It should be appreciated that each block from the block diagram and/or diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks from the block diagram and/or diagrams, may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to the processor of a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or other data processing device to create a procedure, such that the instructions executed by the computer processor or other programmable data processing device create the means to implement the functions/actions specified in block or blocks of a flowchart and/or diagram.

[00194] These computer program instructions may also be stored on a computer-readable medium that can control a computer other than a programmable data processing device or other than devices that operate in a particular manner such that the instructions stored on the computer-readable medium create a device including instructions that perform the functions/actions indicated in the block diagram and/or diagram.

[00195] Table 1 below shows the achievement of the technical result of this technical solution. In Table 1, readings were taken under the following conditions:

• the purity of the source water is 249 ppm;

• voltage in volts is constant and indicated in the table;

• current in amperes is indicated at the initial moment of applying voltage to the partition;

• water temperature in the initial period of applying voltage to the partition is 10 degrees Celsius.

Table 1 Voltage, V Current, Am Water purity, ppm pH ORP eighteen 1.52 60.0 9.66 -6 22 1.91 54.0 10.01 -12 26 2.12 46.0 10.35 -28 thirty 2.67 43.0 10.42 -36 34 3.01 42.0 10.61 -49 38 3.34 40.0 10.85 -88

Claims (68)

1. Water purification system by recrystallization, containing: - a heat exchange unit containing a heat exchange device in the amount of one or a multiple of two, a circulation pump and / or an air compressor and a set of sensors for determining water indicators, made with the possibility - filling the heat exchanger with water; - discharge of contaminated water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system of the receiving unit; - transfer of the heat exchange device to the heating or cooling mode; - organizing the movement of water through the lower part under the baffle of the heat exchange device from the recirculation cavity of the heat exchange device into its cooled cavity; - a refrigeration unit containing at least one compressor or inverter compressor, a condenser, an electric motor with a fan, a receiver, solenoid solenoid valves or valves, check valves, pressure sensors and switches, sight glasses, made with the possibility - connections through solenoid valves or valves via cold and hot lines with heat exchange and receiving units, as well as with the possibility of burning the displacer in the heat exchange device and maintaining the temperature of the receiving unit tank; - a receiving unit containing a thermally insulated receiving container in the amount of one or a multiple of two with the function of maintaining the set temperature, a drainage pump configured to - receiving contaminated water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system; - obtaining melted ice from the freezing wall of the heat exchanger into a receiving container; - a control unit containing at least one microprocessor configured to - obtaining the required water parameters in terms of purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water; - selection of the system operation algorithm for cold, heat, intensities of the compressor and circulation pumps by means of the controller of the control unit; - cooling the freezing wall of the heat exchange device based on the parameters of the selected system operation algorithm; - draining melted ice from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the receiving container of the receiving unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of water through the lower part under the baffle of the heat exchange device from the recirculation cavity into its cooled cavity is carried out by means of the circulation pump and/or air compressor. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange device in the heat exchange unit is thermally insulated. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange unit contains an air compressor with adjustable air supply intensity and check valves. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange unit contains a water circulation pump. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange unit contains water connecting pipes and insulated pipelines for supplying and removing freon. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange device has a displacer, which always has a positive temperature. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle of the heat exchange device is configured to supply a direct current voltage to it. 9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the magnitude and duration of the voltage supply depends on predetermined pH and/or ORP parameters. 10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange device is made of steel or titanium. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the heat exchanger are coated and/or coated with platinum and/or iridium. 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two heat exchange devices configured to operate in antiphase: in one heat exchange device, the ice freezing process occurs, and in the other, the ice melting process. 13. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of sensors for determining water indicators includes a liquid level sensor and / or a temperature sensor, and / or a sensor for controlling the composition of water by the physical and chemical properties of water, and / or a conductometric salt meter to determine the total salinity. 14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor of the refrigeration unit is made refrigeration with a built-in electric motor. 15. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving unit contains electromagnetic solenoid valves or valves for water and freon, and a manifold for supplying purified water to the receiving tank, and a manifold for removing contaminated water, and a water drainage pump for removing contaminated water, and water pump for clean water. 16. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving unit contains a water leakage sensor. 17. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump contains a water presence sensor. 18. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving unit contains sensors for monitoring the composition of the water, which determine the pH value of the water pH and/or the redox potential of the water ORP. 19. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving unit contains water composition control sensors that analyze water at the inlet to the heat exchanger. 20. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit has a separate DC power supply with the ability to change the voltage from 6 to 72 volts. 21. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is configured to control the temperature of the water at the inlet, and/or the temperature of the water in the heat exchangers, and/or the temperature on the cooled walls of the heat exchangers, and/or the temperature on the displacers of the heat exchangers, and/ or water temperature in the receiving tank of the receiving unit. 22. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensors for determining the composition of the water are located in the receiving tank or at the outlet of the heat exchanger. 23. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving container is configured to maintain the water temperature in the range from 4 to 16°C. 24. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving container is configured to control the temperature in the receiving container with temperature sensors and control by supplying freon from the refrigeration unit. 25. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving container is configured to control the temperature by switching the solenoid valves. 26. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving tank is configured to store purified water for a given time, and drain it through solenoid valves or valves into the drainage system of the receiving unit. 27. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigeration unit is configured to operate in different modes of cold performance by adjusting the operation of the compressor. 28. A method for purifying water by recrystallization using the system according to claims 1 to 27, performed by at least one microprocessor and including the following steps: - get the required water parameters for purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water; - fill the heat exchange device with water in the amount of one or a multiple of two heat exchange units; - select the system operation algorithm for cold, heat, compressor and circulation pump operation intensities by means of the control unit controller; - carry out the cooling of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device by means of the control unit based on the parameters of the selected algorithm of the system operation; - drain the contaminated water at the end of the cooling cycle of the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into the drainage system of the receiving unit; - transfer the heat exchange device to the heating mode; - melted ice is drained from the freezing wall of the heat exchange device into a container in the amount of one or a multiple of two of the receiving unit by means of the control unit. 29. A method for purifying water by recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the required water parameters for purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water are obtained from the graphical user interface of the system. 30. A method for purifying water by recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the required water parameters are obtained in terms of purity (ppm), pH, redox potential of water from a remote server. 31. The method of water purification by the recrystallization method according to claim 28, characterized in that the water is filled into the heat exchange device through an opening located in the lower part of the heat exchange device. 32. The method of water purification by the recrystallization method according to claim 28, characterized in that the water level during filling in the heat exchange device is controlled by a water level sensor. 33. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that when filling the heat exchange device with water, a bactericidal lamp is turned on. 34. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the cooling of the freezing wall begins before or after filling the heat exchange device with water. 35. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the temperature on the freezing wall of the heat exchange device is up to -30°C. 36. A method for purifying water by recrystallization according to claim 35, characterized in that the temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor on the wall of the heat exchange device and is regulated by the operation of the compressor of the refrigeration unit. 37. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the duration of cooling of the freezing wall in the heat exchange device is from 10 to 90 minutes. 38. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that after cooling the freezing wall of the heat exchange device, the melted wall ice is drained. 39. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the duration of ice melting does not exceed the operating time of the heat exchange device in the freezing mode. 40. The method of water purification by the recrystallization method according to claim 28, characterized in that in the heating operation mode, the temperature is controlled by the displacer temperature sensor of the heat exchange device and controlled by the operation of solenoid valves that provide heat to the displacer heating element. 41. The method of water purification by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the water parameters are measured by devices at the inlet to the system and / or at the outlet. 42. The method of water purification by the recrystallization method according to claim 28, characterized in that the system operation algorithm is selected for cold, heat, compressor, air compressor and/or circulation pumps operating intensities by means of a machine learning operation algorithm. 43. The method of purifying water by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the adjustment of the pH value is carried out by applying a direct current voltage to the housing wall and the partition of the heat exchange device. 44. The method of purifying water by the method of recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the pH value changes from the initial pH level of the water at the inlet to 12.5. 45. A method for purifying water by recrystallization according to claim 28, characterized in that the redox potential is controlled by applying and changing the DC voltage supplied to the body and baffle of the heat exchange device. 46. The method of purifying water by the method of recrystallization according to claim 29, characterized in that the range of values of the redox potential takes on a value from the initial value of the incoming water to minus 180 mV.

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