RU2779365C1 - Roofing with means to prevent the formation of ice and icicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in seam roofing. The roof comprises a support frame (3) of a cornice overhang protruding outside the building wall made of a material with low thermal conductivity. On the frame (3) the first substrate (4) is fixed, on top of which there is a pattern (5) of a cornice overhang made of a heat-conducting material. Between the first substrate (4) and the paintings (5) there is a heating element (8) for heating the cornice overhang. A second fixing substrate (6) is fixed above the patterns (5), on top of which there is a second pattern (7) made of a heat-conducting material. Between the second substrate (6) and the patterns (7) of the above-wall gutter, a heating element (8) is placed for heating the above-wall gutter.

EFFECT: invention increases the life of the roof.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the overhaul and reconstruction of residential buildings and structures with an existing or projected metal, in particular seam roofing.

Metal roofs of the above type are used in existing multi-apartment residential and non-residential buildings, including those that are a monument of history and architecture, as well as in newly erected buildings, including in the historical quarters of cities. The problem of the formation of ice and icicles on the eaves of such buildings and structures is very acute.

The main reason for their formation is the overflow of water over the side of the over-wall gutter. This is due to the fact that the metal roof is heated by the heat entering the attic. Heat comes through the attic floor, from the distribution of central heating passing through the attic, from the ventilation ducts located in the attic, from the front doors through the attic doors.

When a snow cover forms on the roof, its lower layer begins to thaw due to the heating of the metal roof covering from the incoming heat into the attic. The resulting melt water, under the influence of gravity, begins to flow down the roof slope towards the over-wall gutter. Water flows down the gutter to the downpipe, but since the pipe is not heated, the melt water begins to freeze in it, gradually blocking the water inlet funnel, and making it impossible to drain water from the gutter. After blocking the gutter system, melt water begins to accumulate and freeze in the gutter itself until it begins to overflow over its side. Overflowing over the side of the gutter, melt water begins to freeze on the eaves overhang, forming ice on the eaves overhang and icicles on its edge. To prevent the formation of put on and icicles, special devices are placed on the roof.

A roof with devices for removing ice and snow is known from the prior art, disclosed in RF patent No. 2527274 C9, E04D 13/076, 27.08.2014. Known roof includes a truss system, strapping and placed on it a metal roof, which includes a descent, gutter and slope, as well as a device for removing ice and snow from the roof. Said device is made in the form of an elastic structure laid over the descent and gutter, the bottom of which is located at the lower boundary of the descent and is equipped with a ballast that weights the elastic structure, and the top of the elastic structure is fixed on the roof so that there is a gap between the metal roof and the elastic structure, sufficient for draining from the rainwater slope into a gutter located under the elastic structure. The elastic structure, laid on top of the descent and gutter, is equipped with a heating electric cable in the lower part. The heating electric cable can also be placed under the elastic structure above the descent.

Such a roof, although it partially solves the problem of the formation of ice and icicles on the cornice overhang, is not without drawbacks.

The elastic structure with its upper part is fixed on the roof, for example, to fence posts or slope stiffeners by means of an anchor connection with a gap sufficient for water to drain to the gutter, that is, it is fixed only in the upper part of the structure. The lower part of the structure is exposed to wind load and vibrates from this. However, any impact on the structure, including the described vibration of the elastic structure stretched by the weighting ballast, which occurs during gusts of wind and prevents the accumulation of snow on its surface, from the side of the loose (freely hanging) edge will be transmitted to the attachment point in its upper part, inevitably weakening it, thereby creating a threat of both a possible fall of the structure and the penetration of melt water through the hole of a weakened anchor connection and the formation of leaks in the premises.

The gap for water flow to the gutter, provided by the patent, is located in the attachment area of the upper part of the elastic structure. When the lower layer of the snow cover thaws, water will begin to accumulate and freeze in the gutter, and at the moment when the freezing layer reaches the structure attachment point, this node will inevitably be deformed. Ice will simply squeeze out either the anchor from the mounting hole, or the surface of the elastic structure from the mount. When the gap freezes, melt water from the roof slope will freeze on the surface of the structure, starting from the attachment point, until it reaches its lower edge. After that, it will begin to overflow through it, forming icicles. In addition, ice will form in the recess between the roof slope and the elastic structure attachment point, and taking into account the fact that the side of the gutter, which prevents the ice from coming off, is hidden by the structure, a “springboard” is formed for spontaneous snow cover to melt from the entire surface of the slope and ice from the recess .

To clean the gutter from ice, a heating electric cable can be laid inside it, and so that melt water does not flow onto the descent located under the elastic structure, along the top of the gutter in contact with the elastic structure, a soft contact insulation is laid, above which it is advisable to arrange through holes in the elastic structure for discharge from the chute of melt water. The holes of the elastic structure are made in place, that is, after its installation.

If the gutter is heated, but the fastener with a gap is not, then this will lead to the above consequences that occur when the gap freezes. Also, the patent does not provide for heating the drainage system, without which no method of heating the roof will work, since the water flows down the gutter to the downpipe, but since the pipe is not heated, the melt water begins to freeze in it, gradually blocking the water intake funnel, and making it impossible drainage of water from the gutter.

The device of through holes in an elastic structure, proposed in the patent, as a solution for draining melt water from the gutter is not applicable in practice, since the melt water, passing through the holes, will inevitably freeze, even if we assume that the thermal energy generated by the electric cable laid in the gutter will be enough to keep the water warm enough to pass through the holes. Water, passing through them, will drain towards the mount, and not towards the descent, since the holes are located below the side of the gutter with a slope of the upper part of the structure towards the mount. If the thermal energy is not enough for the passage of water through the holes, then the holes and the gap will freeze, and the melt water, heated by the cable in the gutter, but with blocked outlets, will “squeeze out” the elastic structure from the mount. As a result, spontaneous collapse of the structure is possible.

In addition, the elastic device is an additional equipment fixed on top of the roof, which leads to a change in the appearance of the roof of the building. Such changes are subject to mandatory approval by the state responsible bodies. In cases where the building is an architectural monument, it is almost impossible to agree on a change in the external appearance of both the roof and the facade.

The objective of the invention is to create a roof for buildings and structures, which reliably prevents the formation of ice and icicles on the eaves of the building while maintaining its historical appearance.

The technical result to which the present invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of preventing the formation of ice and icicles and increase the service life of the roof.

Said technical result is achieved due to the fact that the roof comprises a supporting frame of an eaves overhang made of a material with low thermal conductivity protruding outside the wall of the building, a first mounting substrate fixed on the frame, located on top of the first substrate of an eaves overhang pattern made of a heat-conducting material, fixed on the first substrate and located between the first substrate and the eaves overhang patterns, a heating element for heating the eaves overhang, located above the eaves overhang patterns and fixed with the help of fixing elements, the second fastening substrate, located on top of the second substrate of the wall gutter pattern made of heat-conducting material and fixed on the second substrate and located between the second substrate and above-wall gutter pattern heating element for heating the above-wall gutter.

The material with low thermal conductivity in this application refers to building materials with a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/m*°C or less. Such materials include, in particular, wood, chipboard, composite materials based on wood and/or plastic, etc.

Structural elements made of heat-conducting material are sheets or strips of metal, and in particular, roofing iron.

The proposed design of the roof provides for the absence of open through fastening holes through which water can seep into the interior of the building or where water can freeze, violating the integrity of the fastening. Since the first fastening substrate is located on the supporting frame of the eaves overhang made of a material with low thermal conductivity, the heat from the heating element is distributed over the substrate and, reflected from the frame, is fully supplied to the heating of the eaves overhang paintings. The same effect is provided when the heating element is located on the second mounting substrate. In addition, the proposed location of the heating elements ensures complete, or to a greater extent, evaporation of melt water even before drainage. Thus, the removal of melt water through the drainage system is not required or becomes minimal. However, a heating system for the drainage system must be provided to prevent possible blockage of the removal of melt water. Also, the roof according to the invention does not have any additional external structures that change its appearance.

The heating element may be a heating cable or a heating tape. Heating cable and heating tape as such are widely known and are used in construction for the construction of heated systems.

The first mounting substrate can be made in the form of a strip of heat-conducting material.

The second mounting substrate may be in the form of overlapped sheets of heat-conducting material. These sheets, also called control sheets, additionally serve to divert possible water intrusion through the rebate connection of the wall gutter patterns and the roof deck patterns and provide additional protection for the eaves eaves support frame.

The first attachment substrate and the second attachment substrate may have notches made on at least one longitudinal side of the substrate for fixing the heating cable by folding the notches.

When laying the heating cable in two threads at a distance from each other, the width of the first mounting substrate essentially corresponds to the specified distance between the heating cable runs, and the substrate may have notches on both sides.

When laying the heating cable in two threads on the second mounting substrate, the first thread can be fixed by bending the notches, and the second thread with the help of roofing clamps.

When using a heating tape, it can be fixed with an adhesive layer located on one side of it, i.e. self-adhesive tape is used.

Also, a heating element in the form of a cable or tape can be laid on a suitable substrate without additional fixation. In this case, it is held on the surface in a predetermined position by pressing the patterns of the cornice overhang and the wall gutter, respectively.

The pictures of the cornice overhang and the wall gutter themselves can be rectangular sheets interconnected by short sides with a seam connection.

Z-bar fixing elements can be used to mount the above-wall gutter.

Roofing according to the invention is illustrated with the help of drawings, which show:

Fig. 1 - general view of the roof;

Fig. 2 is a section from FIG. one.

In FIG. 1 shows the proposed roof. The eaves overhang is mounted on the support frame 3 of the eaves overhang, made in the form of a solid plank flooring, consisting of boards that are laid without gaps on the rafter legs 2 below the crate 1 and nailed to them. A wind bar (not shown) is mounted on the outer side of the flooring, which is a sheet steel strip with edges bent in opposite directions at 90 degrees from both edges. The upper edge is laid on the outer edge of the supporting frame 3 and nailed to it, thus ensuring the fastening of the wind bar. T-shaped crutches (not shown) are mounted on top of the plank, which are brackets for attaching pictures 5 of the cornice overhang, which are nailed to the support frame with 3 nails. Then, the first fixing substrate 4 is mounted on top of the crutches, a heating element 8 is mounted on it, and on top - patterns 5 of the eaves overhang. The cornice overhang consists of 5 cornice overhang patterns, which are made of solid metal sheets, for example, sheet steel, without special cutting, interconnected by short sides with a double lying seam. Pictures 5 of the overhang are connected to each other in a block with a double standing tumbled fold on the sealant. The finished block for covering the overhang with a lapel tape is put on T-shaped crutches, and the upper edge of the paintings is nailed to the frame with 3 roofing nails.

The substrate 4 under the heating element 8 on the cornice overhang is a strip, in particular of sheet steel, which is placed along the outer edge of the support frame 3 and nailed to it with roofing nails. In the case of using a heating cable as a heating element 8 on both sides of the substrate 4, cuts are made with a depth sufficient to bend and securely fix the cable. The first thread of the heating cable is placed on the outer edge of the substrate 4 at a notch distance from the edge and is attached to the substrate 4 by means of a bend, and the second thread of the cable is placed on the inner edge of the substrate 4. If the heating tape is used as a heating element 8, it is placed on the substrate 4 equipped with layer of glue side and pressed.

To mount the wall gutter over the eaves overhang paintings 5, fixing elements are installed, made, for example, in the form of a Z-bar, nailed to the support frame 3 through the eaves overhang paintings 5. On the inner side of the Z-bar to the frame 3, a second mounting substrate 6 is laid, made in the form of control rectangular sheets of sheet steel overlapped, taking into account the direction of water flow, and nailed to the support frame 3 through the patterns 5 of the cornice overhang. The control sheet is also designed to drain possible water ingress through the seam connection of the 5 gutter pictures and the row opening pictures (additional protection of the support frame).

When using a heating cable as a heating element 8, cuts are made on the outer edge of the control sheet with a depth and frequency sufficient for its reliable fixation. The first string of the heating cable is laid and fastened to the outer edge of the control sheet by bending the notched edges. The second line of the cable is laid and fastened at a given distance from the first line using roofing clamps. In the case of using a heating tape, it is placed on the substrate with the side provided with a layer of glue and pressed.

Then, on top of the control sheet, equipped with heating elements 8, pictures 7 of the over-wall gutter are laid and fixed on the Z-bar.

If it is necessary to heat the drainage system, a heating element 8 is used in the form of a heating cable, which is led out through the said system.

The location of the heating elements 8 in the roof according to the invention is clearly shown in FIG. 2.

The roof in accordance with the proposed invention does not differ in appearance from the corresponding historical roof, has a long service life, while ice and icicles do not form on it.

The proposed roof was erected during the reconstruction of the metal seam roof of a residential building in the historical part of St. Petersburg.

A self-regulating heating cable was installed on half of the roof part for heating the eaves and wall gutter, and an infrared heating tape was installed on the other half of the roof part for heating the eaves and wall gutter. For additional heating of the gutter system, a self-regulating heating cable was used, since it is not technically possible to stick a heating tape inside the gutter system.

The heating elements were connected to the existing power supply system of the building in the main switchboard located on the 1st floor and worked constantly from 12/14/2020 to 03/24/2021. During this period, at least 30 snowfalls occurred, allowing us to evaluate the performance of the roof according to the invention. Snow that falls on the roof covering immediately begins to melt in the heating zones and is discharged in the form of melt water into the drainage system. After the end of the snowfall, spontaneous complete removal of the snow cover from the heating zones occurs within 5-8 hours. Depending on the duration and intensity of the snowfall, the time to completely clear the heating zones may increase or decrease.

During the testing period of the invention at an outside air temperature below 15 degrees C, a “frying pan effect” was noted - the snow practically does not melt, flowing into the drainage system, but evaporates. Ice formation on the cornice overhang and in the wall gutter during the testing period of the invention was not detected even once.

Claims (9)

1. A roof comprising a support frame (3) of an eaves overhang made of a material with low thermal conductivity protruding outside the wall of a building, a first fixing substrate (4) fixed on the frame (3), located on top of the first substrate (4) of a pattern (5) of an eaves overhang made of heat-conducting material, fixed on the first substrate (4) and located between the first substrate (4) and the patterns (5) of the eaves overhang, the heating element (8) for heating the eaves overhang, located above the patterns (5) of the eaves overhang and fixed with the help of fixing elements of the second mounting substrate (6) located on top of the second substrate (6) of the above-wall gutter pattern (7) made of heat-conducting material and fixed on the second substrate (6) and located between the second substrate (6) and the above-wall gutter patterns (7) heating element (8) for heating the over-wall gutter. 2. Roofing according to claim 1, in which the heating element (8) is a heating cable or heating tape. 3. Roofing according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first fastening substrate (4) is made in the form of a strip of heat-conducting material. 4. Roofing according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second fastening substrate (6) is made in the form of overlapped sheets of heat-conducting material. 5. Roofing according to claim 3 or 4, in which the first mounting substrate (4) and the second mounting substrate (6) have notches made on at least one of its longitudinal sides for fixing the heating cable by bending the notches. 6. Roofing according to claim 3 or 4, in which the heating cable is fixed to the mounting substrate using roofing clamps. 7. Roofing according to claim 3 or 4, in which the heating tape is made in the form of a self-adhesive tape. 8. Roofing according to claim 1, in which the fixing elements are made in the form of a Z-shaped bar. 9. Roof according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, in which the patterns (5) of the cornice overhang and the patterns (6) of the wall gutter are rectangular sheets interconnected by short sides with a seam connection.

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