RU2778941C2 - Protein additive of sunflower seeds or rapeseed and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to fodder production, in particular to a method for the production of a protein additive for fodders from sunflower seeds or rapeseed. The method includes following stages: hulling of sunflower seeds or rapeseed to a husk content of < 2.5 wt.%; mechanical partial extraction of oil from hulled sunflower seeds or rapeseed by pressing to a fat or oil content in the range of > 6 and < 25 wt.%; at least one stage of extraction for further extraction of oil with at least one organic solvent or supercritical CO₂ to an oil content of less than 3.5 wt.%; final removal of the solvent. Between hulling of sunflower seeds or rapeseed and obtaining a protein additive, at least one protein-denaturing treatment of sunflower seeds or rapeseed is performed.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions will allow for use of the specified additive, due to its good digestibility, as at least partial replacement of animal proteins in fodders.

14 cl, 1 ex

Description

Application area

The present invention relates to a process for the production of protein supplements from sunflower or rapeseed seeds for use in feed, technical auxiliaries or food products, as well as protein supplements produced by this method and feed containing these additives.

Prior Art

Against the backdrop of an increasing world population and future space and resource constraints, plant-based protein products for human nutrition, for industrial purposes and for animal feed applications are becoming increasingly important. The increasing demand for foods of animal origin, which accompanies increasing worldwide prosperity, is leading to an increasing demand for nutritionally optimized protein products, which are primarily metabolized by animals essentially completely and can be produced simply and at reasonable cost. Existing feed additives partly have significant drawbacks.

Feeds with vegetable additives are of great importance for the production of food products of animal origin. They serve to provide animals with proteins, carbohydrates, fats and trace elements. Especially important for animal growth are the biological value and bioavailability of proteins and amino acids contained in feed. From an economic point of view, the protein fraction in feed is also very important, since this fraction causes a significant share of the costs.

The vegetable protein products for animal feed on the market are mainly soybeans, soybean meal after extraction, soy protein products or flour and protein products from cereal grains. In addition, proteins from other leguminous crops, such as, for example, peas, beans and lupins, are also used as feed, as well as protein-rich waste from food processing, such as, for example, brewer's grains.

An affordable source of feed proteins are the residues after pressing and extraction, which are formed during the production of edible vegetable oil from sunflower and rapeseed seeds. These seeds are distinguished by a hard shell, which has a predominantly dark color, and an oily pulp of the fruit. However, the removal of the shells of these seeds can be technically very costly, especially in the case of rapeseed. Under the coat in the present application, by way of generalization, all components of the seeds that do not belong to the cotyledons or embryos, such as, for example, in addition to tests with a high cellulose content, other seed coats, such as, for example, silvery skin.

Sunflower seeds contain up to 50 wt.% oil and an average of about 18 wt.% protein. Rape seeds contain up to 45 wt.% oil and up to 25 wt.% protein. By pressing the seeds and extracting from the cake with organic solvents, the oil content in the residue after extraction can be reduced to a value of less than 3.5 wt.% (Soxhlet method), and the protein content, depending on the raw material, can be increased to a value of more than 40 wt.%. Thus, these residues are protein-rich feed additives.

Residues after pressing and extraction, resulting from the extraction of oil, are currently already used in the production of feed. However, their use is severely limited despite their high protein content. This situation in the literature is justified, in particular, by the fact that the digestibility of proteins and the possibility of their use is reduced due to high process temperatures during oil extraction and the associated loss of essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine or cysteine (Björck, I. & Asp, N. G. (1983), The effects of extrusion cooking on nutritional value - a literature review, Journal of Food Engineering, 2, 281-308. At the same time, the digestibility of proteins from hot-treated residues after pressing and extraction can in some cases be reduced to less than 40% (Geoff L. Allan, Scott Parkinson, Mark A. Booth, David A.J. Stone, Stuart J. Rowland, Jane Frances, Rebecca Warner -Smith, Replacement of fish meal in diets for Australian silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus: I. Digestibility of alternative ingredients, Aquaculture 186_2000, 293-310, Brett Glencross, Wayne Hawkins & John Curnow, Nutritional assessment of Australian canola meals, I. Evaluation of canola oil extraction method and meal processing conditions on the digestible value of canola meals fed to the red seabream (Pagrus auratus, Paulin) Aquaculture Research, 2004, 35, 15-24). This means that markedly less than half of the proteins consumed can be metabolized by animals.

It is further described that the proportion of negatively acting impurities, in particular the proportion of secondary plant substances such as, for example, polyphenols, tannins, glucosinolates or phytic acid, in these residues can be up to 10 wt.% and that these compounds also impair the digestibility of the feed. In addition, some secondary plant substances not only reduce the absorption of macro- and microelements from the feed, but also have a bitter taste and have an astringent effect. The resulting organoleptic impression of the feed in the case of farm animals and especially in the case of pigs and cattle often leads to the rejection of it. In addition, by-products of rapeseed or sunflower may also adversely affect the taste of by-products such as eggs. So, for example, sinapin, contained in rape seeds, when used in feed with rapeseed residues after extraction, can lead to the appearance of a fish odor in chicken eggs.

Sunflower and rapeseed seeds according to the prior art are processed with a focus on high oil yield. At the same time, they are first freed from impurities, partially conditioned (brought to the specified values of temperature and humidity), then the oil is mechanically pre-separated by pressing (the residual oil content does not exceed 10 wt.%) and then the residual oil is extracted from the cake with hexane. Also carried out so-called final pressing to a residual oil content of about 5 wt.% without subsequent extraction, and the residual oil content in the cake reduces the stability of the residues during storage.

According to the prior art, sunflower and rapeseed seeds are predominantly pressed unhulled or partially hulled. In the case of partial hulling, more than 45 wt.% of the husk contained in the seeds remains before the oil is extracted from the raw material, which on average corresponds to a residual content of husks before pressing > 10 wt.% in the case of sunflower seeds and > 8 wt.% in the case of rape seeds. In particular, for pressing, i.e. for final or pre-compression as partial oil recovery, according to the prior art, a husk content of at least 10 wt.% is necessary in order to facilitate the outflow of oil from the press and thereby increase the pressing speed. A high processing speed, in particular in the case of animal feed, is of great importance, since high prices cannot be set in the case of animal feed, so that a longer pressing process would make it impossible to use the cake economically as animal feed.

Cake and meal obtained from unhulled or partially hulled seeds, after quick and hot processing, are usually dark-colored, have a very high content of crude fiber up to 44 wt.% and a bitter-astringent taste. Therefore, they are not suitable for high quality protein meal for use outside the low price animal feed sector and have poor digestibility, which can be explained by thermal damage to the proteins. Due to the presence of secondary plant matter, they are only suitable for feeding a small number of animal species.

For some time now, there have also been compositions used to process proteins from residues from sunflower or rapeseed oil extraction into protein meal or protein concentrates and thus make them acceptable for use in foods and high-grade feeds. At the same time, the removal of interfering polyphenols, mainly chlorogenic acid, sinapin or sinapinic acid, worsening the taste of sunflower or rapeseed protein isolates, as well as glucosinolates, is in the foreground.

To remove polyphenols from defatted sunflower and rapeseed meals, extraction options with various solvents, including water with different pH values and mixtures of alcohols and water, have been proposed so far. At the same time, to remove phenolic substances from defatted kernels of sunflower seeds, in particular, butanol was used in various proportions with water acidified with hydrochloric acid, ethanol with a content of 95 vol.%, isopropanol (70 vol.%) and methanol (80% vol.) . A disadvantage in the case of extraction with these solvents is the further denaturation of the proteins due to solvent treatment, so that the solubility of the proteins is greatly reduced. In addition, the availability of protein due to a chemical reaction with amino acids is markedly reduced.

Other publications describe the preparation of protein concentrates from rapeseed and sunflower seeds. These protein concentrates are obtained by dry or wet processing, and the protein remains in the balance. However, the high proportion of undesirable impurities (secondary plant matter) and the high content of crude fiber limit their use as feed, so that it is not possible to notice a particular advantage compared to sunflower and rapeseed meals after extraction. Therefore, most protein concentrates are of limited use and can only be used in feed at low concentrations.

EP 2 885 980 B1 describes a method for obtaining sunflower protein as a protein-rich feed. Crushed sunflower seed kernels with a residual content of husks > 5 wt.% are used to obtain feed. Seeds are pressed with an oil content of >= 8 to <= 18 wt.% and a protein content of >= 30 to <= 45% based on dry weight. The residual content of husks <= 5 wt.% does not affect the digestibility of proteins. In addition, also in this case, it must be assumed that the high content of crude fiber and the high content of chlorogenic acid in the product severely limit its positive perception and therefore its applicability as feed.

EP 2 400 859 A2 also describes a process for obtaining protein products from hulled sunflower seed kernels with a residual husk content of <= 5% by weight. It refers to the preparation of protein products for use in foods. Due to the low residual content of husks, a high protein content in the defatted product of over 45% by weight can be achieved. Thanks to the low temperatures, which do not exceed 80°C during pressing and do not exceed 90°C when the solvent is removed, this method achieves that good technical and functional properties are maintained, a low degree of denaturation is observed and, therefore, very good digestibility and bioavailability. However, the low temperatures during the processing of sunflower seeds cause very long processing times in the individual stages of the technological process, which results in very high costs for the entire technological process. This limits the applicability of the products in the field of animal feed as well as in the field of obtaining cheaper food products.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for obtaining high-quality high-grade protein supplements from sunflower or rapeseed seeds, which, due to the low content of secondary plant substances and fibers, have good protein digestibility, are organoleptically attractive and, in addition, due to their high content of proteins and good retention of protein properties are valuable in terms of compliance with physiological nutritional norms and, therefore, can be used in feed in various ways.

Description of the invention

This problem is solved thanks to the method according to p. 1 of the claims. In other claims, preferred embodiments of the method are given, as well as a claim on the protein supplements obtained by this method and their preferred use in feed.

In the case of the proposed method for obtaining high-grade protein supplements from sunflower seeds and rapeseed, the seeds are first hulled and the husks are separated from the pulp of the kernels, preferably by sifting, winnowing and sorting, so that the husk content is < 2.5 wt.%, preferably < 1 wt.% or more preferably < 0.25 wt%.

To change the solubility of the protein in order to achieve the effects of denaturation in the protein, during the steps of processing the collapsed nuclei into a defatted protein product (compression, extraction, removal of the solvent and, if necessary, milling), at least one protein denaturing treatment is performed in order to achieve the denaturation of the proteins contained in a protein supplement, up to > 40%. In this case, treatment is understood as the effect of temperature over time, characterized in that the proteins of sunflower or rapeseed seeds are kept during processing for at least 10 minutes, preferably for 30 minutes, at a temperature above 90°C, preferably above 100°C, preferably above 110°C, more preferably above 120°C and below 150°C. According to the present invention, another treatment that denatures proteins can be carried out, including in addition to the effect of temperature over time, in the form of a water-alcohol treatment of the protein at a mass ratio of alcohol and water in the range from 1:20 to 20:1 and at a temperature above 40 °C and preferably above 50°C. As the alcohol, monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol are preferably used.

These protein-denaturing treatments, after deep husking, ensure that, in the case of use in animal feed, the oil cake after extraction contains only a very small amount of husk-fiber, while the content of other interfering impurities is reduced, and at the same time proteins due to (partial) denaturation are firmly bound in the remaining carbohydrate matrix of the core, which significantly reduces protein losses along the protein product valorization chain before feeding. As a result of this, for example, it can be achieved that in the case of feeding fish in water bodies, the proteins will very slowly pass from the protein product into the dissolved state and, thus, only a small amount in the form of losses will enter the environment through the aqueous phase.

For another post-husking processing, the dehusked seeds, preferably after conditioning by temperature and humidity control, are pressed to an oil content of < 25 wt%, preferably < 15 wt% and more preferably < 10 wt%, but > 6 wt.% and preferably > 9 wt.%, and then from the cake obtained by this mechanical partial extraction of the oil, the extractant (for example, hexane, ethanol, supercritical CO ₂ , ethyl acetate or mixtures thereof) extract the oil to the oil content (when determining Soxhlet method) less than 3.5 wt.% and preferably less than 2 wt.%.

In a preferred embodiment, the temperature during pressing at least in parts of the product should exceed 75°C, the temperature in the cake during pressing preferably reaches values above 85°C and more preferably above 95°C. This can be achieved, for example, by heating the press, by heating the cores, or by high shear forces and pressures in the press. This circumstance leads to a noticeable increase in the rate of oil extraction, to denaturation of proteins and to hardening of the press residues. A consequence of the hardening of the press residues occurring at elevated temperatures is that less attrition occurs during the movement of the residues between the individual stages of the oil recovery process or during the subsequent oil extraction, resulting in less wastage and also fewer miscella processing problems ( a mixture of oil and solvent), since less dust is separated from the protein product with miscella, which is formed during abrasion. Thus, by pressing according to the present invention, attrition losses are reduced and the process becomes more cost-effective. In this case, due to a corresponding high temperature, for example, the strength or breaking pressure of the cake is increased, which exceeds 10 N/mm ² in the case of a cake extrusion with a diameter of 8 mm, as determined on a texture analyzer (TA) under a radial compressive load.

After the extraction of the pre-pressed oilseeds with solvents, which should be carried out directly from the cake or after further mechanical treatment of the cake (for example, after grinding and granulation), the separation of the solvent is preferably carried out by distillation of the solvent, preferably with heat input due to superheated organic solvents and / or through the use of water vapor. To remove the solvent in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention should choose a temperature > 90°C. In heat transfer media, the temperature is preferably set above 100°C, more preferably above 120°C and below 150°C. This results in further denaturation of the proteins, which is greater than 40%, preferably greater than 70% and more preferably greater than 90%. Protein denaturation is determined by the DSC method described, for example, in EP 2 400 859 A2. In this case, when determining denaturation, the DSC peak area (enthalpy) is determined in comparison with the peak area for untreated seeds, normalized to the proportion of proteins. Denaturation corresponds to a decrease in area, that is, at 100% denaturation, the area is no longer observed.

The high degree of denaturation and the resulting reduced solubility of sunflower seed or rapeseed protein suggest reduced bioavailability and less valuable feed properties compared to natural proteins, as is known in the case of prior art extraction residues (S. Gonzalez-Perez, 2007: Sunflower proteins: an overview of their physicochemical, structural and functional properties, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87(12), A. Moure et al., 2006: Functionality of oilseed protein products: A review, Food Research International, Volume 39, Issue 9). In the case of using a protein supplement denatured according to the treatment of the present invention in animal experiments, for example when used to feed trout, it was unexpectedly found that, despite a decrease in protein solubility at pH=7 by 40% and a degree of denaturation greater than 60% , however, the digestibility of proteins, in part exceeding 80%, is significantly higher than in the case of residues after extraction according to the prior art. Prior art extraction residues also have low solubility and high denaturation, but always contain more than 10% by weight of husks. To determine digestibility, fish are fed experimental diets and faeces are collected by scraping. Digestibility is calculated according to NRC guidelines (National Research Council. 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13039).

Thus, the reduction in the proportion of husks in the extraction residue appears to have a disproportionate effect on protein digestibility in the feeding test. At the same time, the proportion of husks in the residue after oil extraction should tend to a value of less than 5 wt.%, and reducing the content of husks to values less than 2 wt.% and preferably less than 0.5 wt.% gives a noticeable advantage in digestibility. The specified low content of husks in the case of the proposed method with mechanical partial extraction of oil is achieved due to the preliminary preparation of sunflower or rapeseed hulled seeds with a husk content of < 2.5 wt.%, preferably < 1 wt.% and more preferably < 0.25 wt.%, since the residues after extraction from rapeseed or sunflower seeds after oil extraction correspond to only approximately 50% of the mass of rapeseed and sunflower seeds.

Thus, the use of the protein products of the present invention from rapeseed or sunflower seeds as a high-grade substitute for animal proteins, such as, for example, fish meal, animal meal, blood meal or feather meal, is provided. A replacement rate of 35% to 60% preferably, even more preferably up to 80% and most preferably up to 100% of animal flour with the protein supplement of the present invention seems reasonable and feasible. This kind of substitution in the feed, up to and including substituting to a large extent the components of animal origin, is appropriate both for reasons of constant necessity and for the great economic advantage.

Thanks to the method according to the present invention, despite the significant denaturation of the protein due to high temperatures, a very good digestibility of the protein is ensured. This is also apparent when, in the case of the method described, a post-treatment with water-alcohol mixtures is carried out in order to separate the taste-determining and partially inedible secondary vegetable substances (eg polyphenols). Despite protein denaturation increasing to values above 80% due to this technological step, digestibility remains almost unchanged. In tests, these protein supplements from rapeseed or sunflower seeds used as feeds have been found to lead to a relatively high increase in body weight of animals, as in the case of traditional feeds with an equal protein content. Therefore, it is especially valuable in terms of good feed properties that a subsequent water-alcohol extraction is carried out after the extraction of the oil.

Particular advantages are also achieved when the denaturation does not take place immediately at the start of the treatment, i.e. during the pressing, but when the gentle pressing is first carried out at an average temperature of the kernel fraction during the pressing process below 80° C. and preferably below 70°C, and carry out the extraction of the oil at a temperature below 80°C and then carry out thermal denaturation due to high temperature when removing the solvent > 100°C and preferably > 120°C. It may also be rational to omit the >100°C thermal step after oil extraction and then apply the >100°C elevated temperature only after the water-alcohol treatment of the protein has taken place. Thus, the protein can be denatured even more efficiently.

Properties of rapeseed protein

The protein supplement obtained in the manner described from rapeseed is characterized according to the present invention by the following properties (methods of analysis are described in particular in EP 2 400 859 A2):

- the content of hexane is from 0.0001 to 2 wt.% and/or

- the alcohol content is from 0.0001 to 2 wt.%;

- the protein content is more than 45 wt.% and less than 80 wt.% (when determined by the Dumas method N * 6.25);

- the fat content is < 3.5 wt.% (when determined with hexane in the Soxhlet apparatus);

- protein solubility is < 40%, preferably < 25% and more preferably < 20% (as determined by the method of Morra et al. from 1985 and by NSI);

- the proportion of husks is less than 5 wt.%, preferably < 2 wt.% and more preferably <0.5 wt.%;

- the degree of protein denaturation: > 40%, preferably > 70% and more preferably > 80% (as determined by the DSC method);

- protein digestibility: > 60% and preferably > 80%.

Sunflower protein properties

The protein supplement obtained by the described method from sunflower seeds is characterized according to the present invention by the following properties (when determined by the same determination methods as in the case of rapeseed protein):

- the content of hexane is from 0.0001 to 2 wt.% and/or

- the alcohol content is from 0.0001 to 2 wt.%;

- the protein content is > 45 wt.% and < 80 wt.% (when determined by the Dumas method N * 6.25);

- the fat content is < 3.5 wt.% (as determined by the Soxhlet method);

- protein solubility is < 30%, preferably < 25% or < 20%;

- the proportion of husks is less than 5 wt.%, preferably < 2 wt.% and more preferably <0.5 wt.%;

- degree of protein denaturation: > 40%, preferably > 70% and more preferably > 80%;

- digestibility of proteins: > 70% and preferably > 85%.

The protein product of the present invention derived from sunflower, due to its good digestibility, can be used in feeds with markedly higher concentrations instead of an animal protein source (for example, instead of fish meal, blood meal, feather meal, etc.) than is possible in in the case of residues from the extraction of sunflower oil according to the prior art, even if traces of organic solvents are still found in the feed.

In feeding trials, the sunflower seed preparation can replace up to 50% of animal ingredients in traditional feed without any noticeable loss in animal growth. Also in the case of rapeseed, a relatively high degree of substitution of components of animal origin is possible; in this case there is a limitation of 45% in the feed after simply extracting the oil from the rapeseed component with hexane. After further treatment with water-alcohol mixtures, the replacement of animal components with oilseed additives can be increased up to 60%, which still provides economically viable growth rates.

In this way, it is possible to obtain a feed with a high degree of replacement of animal components by the protein products of the present invention. The feeds of the present invention derived from rapeseed allow a degree of replacement with the protein supplements of the present invention derived from rapeseed greater than 30%, more preferably greater than 40% and most preferably greater than 45%. Foods of the present invention derived from sunflower seeds allow a degree of replacement with protein supplements of the present invention derived from sunflowers of greater than 30%, more preferably greater than 40%, and most preferably greater than 50%.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the feed of the present invention for carnivores (eg salmon, trout), the animal components are 100% replaced with a preparation of the present invention derived from sunflower seeds with a husk fraction of < 3.5 wt.%. At the same time, losses in the growth of animals up to 20% and low digestibility compared to protein supplements from animal origin are found. However, it has surprisingly been found that animals fed with these feeds, in spite of their lower body weight and lower muscle protein content, elicit a very high degree of consumer acceptance. Therefore, it is beneficial, despite the reduced nutritional value, to abandon the addition of components of animal origin, and even out the possible deficiency by using special mixtures of amino acids or vitamins and minerals.

For use in feeds, it is useful to mix the protein additives of the present invention with other additives such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and/or proteins, organoleptic additives (colors and flavors), zootechnical additives (enzymes, prebiotics, etc.), processing aids (eg binders, acidity regulators, etc.) and oils.

In a preferred embodiment of the use of the protein supplement of the present invention as feed, a sunflower supplement mixed with soy protein is used for use as animal feed. In this case, the ratio "protein-mixture" is preferably in the range from 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably from 30:70 to 70:30, and most preferably 50:50 in terms of protein content. It has been found that when both sunflower and soybeans are used, unexpectedly good gains can be achieved, which stands out in particular against the described properties of the sunflower preparation.

Implementation example

To obtain an additive from sunflower seed kernels, they were crushed to a residual husk content of < 1 wt.%, and after establishing a moisture content of 5 wt.% in the collapsed sunflower seed kernels in a screw press at 95°C, the oil was extracted to a residual oil content of 10 wt.%. Then, to improve the extraction of oil, two different stages of additional mechanical processing of the cake were carried out once by processing into flakes and once by granulation after grinding.

Carried out additional extraction of oil with hexane to a residual oil content of 2 wt.% and the removal of hexane for 20 minutes with steam, the temperature of which was 120°C. Finally, extraction was carried out for 1 hour with a mixture of "EtOH-water" with a mixture ratio of 50-50 by weight. The subsequent removal of the mixture "EtOH-water" was also carried out with hot steam at a temperature of 120°C. Then the samples were ground to analytical fineness. The resulting additives had a protein solubility of 25% and a degree of denaturation of 85%.

Further, mixing was carried out with soy protein in a ratio of 20 wt.% sunflower protein and 80 wt.% soy protein, and this mixture was added to salmon feed.

Claims (34)

1. A method for producing protein supplements for feed from sunflower or rapeseed seeds, comprising at least the following steps: - hulling sunflower or rape seeds to a husk content < 2.5 wt. % for obtaining sunflower or rapeseed hulled seeds or pre-treatment of hulled sunflower or rapeseed seeds with a husk content < 2.5 wt. %; - mechanical partial extraction of oil from shelled sunflower or rapeseed seeds by pressing to a fat or oil content in the range of > 6 and < 25 wt. %; - the implementation of at least one stage of extraction for further extraction of oil from sunflower seeds or rapeseed with at least one organic solvent or supercritical CO ₂ to an oil content of less than 3.5 wt. %; - the final removal of the solvent, resulting in a protein-containing product as a protein supplement for feed; - between the hulling of the sunflower or rapeseed seeds and the production of the protein supplement, at least one protein-denaturing treatment of the sunflower or rapeseed seeds is carried out so that the proteins contained in the protein supplement are denatured to a degree of > 40%, where said protein-denaturing treatment is carried out by exposure to temperature over time , while the proteins of sunflower or rapeseed seeds are kept for at least 10 minutes at a temperature above 90°C, preferably > 100°C, and below 150°C, and / or carry out water-alcohol treatment of proteins of sunflower seeds or rapeseed at a mass ratio of alcohol and water in the range from 1:20 to 20:1 and at a temperature above 40°C. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protein denaturing treatment is carried out by temperature over time, wherein the proteins of sunflower or rapeseed seeds are kept for more than 30 minutes at a temperature above 90°C, preferably > 100°C, and below 150°C. 3. The method according to claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanical partial extraction of oil from sunflower or rapeseed seeds is carried out by pressing at an average temperature of hulled sunflower or rapeseed seeds during the pressing process below 80 ° C and also at least one extraction stage at temperature below 80°C and carry out processing, denaturing proteins, due to the high temperature > 100°C while removing the solvent. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that mechanical partial extraction of oil from sunflower or rapeseed seeds is carried out by pressing at an average temperature of the sunflower or rapeseed seeds during the pressing process below 80°C and at least one extraction stage at a temperature below 80°C and the solvent is removed at a temperature below 100°C and after the solvent is removed, the proteins of sunflower or rapeseed seeds are treated with a water-alcohol mixture and then the proteins are heated to a temperature > 100°C. 5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the removal of the solvent by distillation of the solvent is preferably carried out with the supply of heat due to one or more superheated organic solvents and/or through the use of steam. 6. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3 or 5, characterized in that for the removal of the solvent choose a temperature > 90°C, preferably > 100°C, and below 150°C. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the mechanical partial extraction of the oil is carried out so that the temperature of the collapsed sunflower or rapeseed seeds during the mechanical partial extraction of the oil exceeds 75°C. 8. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that between the mechanical partial extraction of oil and at least one stage of extraction, mechanical processing of cake obtained by mechanical partial extraction of oil is carried out. 9. Protein supplement for feed, which is obtained from rape seed proteins by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, and in which: - the content of the solvent, in particular the content of hexane, is from 0.0001 to 2 mass. % and/or the alcohol content is from 0.0001 to 2 wt. %; - the protein content is > 45 wt. % and < 80 wt. %; - the fat content is < 3.5 wt. %; - protein solubility is < 40%; - the proportion of husks is less than 5 wt. %, preferably < 2 wt. % and more preferably <0.5 wt. %; - the degree of protein denaturation is > 40%; - protein digestibility is > 60%. 10. Protein additive for feed, which is obtained from the proteins of sunflower seeds by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, and in which: - the content of the solvent, in particular the content of hexane, is from 0.0001 to 2 mass. % and/or the alcohol content is from 0.0001 to 2 wt. %; - the protein content is > 45 wt. % and < 80 wt. %; - the fat content is < 3.5 wt. %; - protein solubility is < 30%; - the proportion of husks is less than 5 wt. %, preferably < 2 wt. % and more preferably <0.5 wt. %; - the degree of protein denaturation is > 40%; - protein digestibility is > 70%. 11. A protein supplement for feed containing a mixture of soy proteins with a protein supplement according to claim 10 or with a protein supplement from sunflower seeds obtained by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8. 12. Protein supplement according to claim 11, characterized in that the ratio between soy proteins and proteins of the protein supplement is in the range from 1:10 to 10:1, preferably from 30:70 to 70:30 and more preferably 50:50 in in terms of protein content. 13. The use of a protein supplement obtained by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8 as a substitute for animal proteins in feed. 14. The use of a protein supplement obtained by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, alone or in combination with other vegetable proteins as a protein source in carnivore feeds.