RU2778444C1 - Loudspeaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: acoustics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to acoustics, in particular to loudspeakers. The loudspeaker contains a horn having a throat, side surface and mouth, as well as holes made in the side surface of the horn, one RF head loaded on the throat of the horn, and several MF heads loaded on holes made in the side surface of the horn. The horn is additionally equipped with reflective petals made on the side surface of the horn, covering the holes on which the MF heads are loaded from the side of the horn throat and re-reflecting the radiation of the MF heads to the edge of the mouth of the horn. At the same time, the reflective petals are made in the form of pockets closed from the sides of the horn mouth throat.

EFFECT: obtaining a smooth frequency response, a uniform circular radiation characteristic, and a reduction in interference distortion.

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Description

Technical field

The invention relates to sound-reproducing devices, and in particular to loudspeakers.

Prior Art

Loudspeakers are known, in which several radiating heads operating in different frequency ranges are used to obtain a wide frequency response. To improve the compactness of the loudspeaker and to approach the ideal point source of sound, several radiating heads are loaded onto one horn.

For example, the known loudspeaker US8284976B2 contains a horn, one high-frequency (HF) sound reproducing head and four mid-frequency (MF) sound reproducing heads loaded on a common horn. In this case, the HF head is loaded on the throat of the horn, and the MF heads are loaded on holes made in the side surface of the horn.

However, in such a loudspeaker, the mutual influence of the midrange heads, and the influence of the midrange heads on the high-frequency head, leads to sound distortions, distortions in spatial and frequency characteristics, which is especially evident at the so-called crossover frequency, or the coupling frequency of the midrange and high-frequency heads.

The essence of the invention

The aim of the invention is to reduce the mutual influence of sound reproducing heads when they work together in a loudspeaker, improve the frequency and spatial characteristics of the loudspeaker and improve the sound quality. Another object of the invention is to obtain a circular speaker pattern in the vertical plane, i.e. in a plane perpendicular to the loudspeaker radiation axis.

These goals are achieved in a loudspeaker containing: a horn having a throat, side surface, and mouth, as well as holes made in the side surface of the horn; one HF head loaded on the throat of the horn; and several midrange heads loaded on holes made in the side surface of the horn, while the horn is additionally equipped with reflective petals made on the side surface of the horn, covering these holes from the throat of the horn, and re-reflecting the radiation of the midrange heads to the edge of the mouth of the horn.

Preferably, the mouth of the horn is in the form of a circle. This shape of the horn and the mouth allows you to get the most uniform radiation in all directions from the axis of the horn.

Preferably, the petals are installed in such a way that the total radiation pattern of the midrange heads at the crossover frequency has the shape of a ring. Such a total directional pattern of the midrange heads is best consistent with the directional pattern of the HF head, which has the shape of a circle.

It is desirable that the reflective petals have a convex shape. This shape of the petal allows you to more evenly re-reflect the radiation of the midrange head to the edge of the mouth of the horn.

Also, it is desirable to make reflective petals in the form of pockets closed from the side of the throat of the horn and from the sides and open from the side of the mouth of the horn. Such petals allow you to better isolate the midrange heads from each other.

Preferably, the loudspeaker comprises four midrange heads. Four midrange heads allow you to get a fairly uniform radiation pattern in the frontal plane, in addition, four midrange heads fit comfortably into the rectangular speaker cabinet.

It is desirable that the side surface of the horn has a convex shape. This shape of the horn provides better matching of the radiation of the HF head with the radiation of the midrange heads.

It is desirable that the midrange heads are located in the upper part of the horn, near its mouth. At the same time, the distance 1 along the axis of the horn from its throat to the holes in the side surface of the horn on which the midrange heads are loaded is at least half the height h of the horn, and preferably at least three-fourths of the height h of the horn. This arrangement of holes, which are loaded with midrange heads, allows you to spread the high-frequency and midrange heads from each other at a sufficient distance.

Brief description of the drawings

The drawings show:

Fig. 1 general view of the loudspeaker;

Fig. 2 loudspeaker in section along the AA line;

Fig. 3 loudspeaker in section along the BB line;

Fig. 4 acoustic radiation of the loudspeaker at the crossover frequency;

Fig. 5 horn viz rear.

Implementation of the invention

Definition of some terms used in this description.

- High-frequency (HF) head - a high-frequency sound reproducing head, this is an electro-acoustic transducer capable of reproducing the upper part of the middle frequencies and upper frequencies, usually from 600 Hz to 20 kHz;

- mid-frequency (MF) head - a mid-frequency sound reproducing head, this is an electro-acoustic transducer capable of reproducing low frequencies and the lower part of medium frequencies, usually from 40 Hz to 3 kHz;

- crossover frequency - the boundary between the frequency ranges of the radiation of the MF and HF heads, usually in the range from 1.2 kHz to 1.8 kHz.

On FIG. 1 shows a general view of the loudspeaker. On FIG. 2-3 shows the same loudspeaker without the housing in section. The loudspeaker comprises a housing 1, a horn 2 installed in the housing 1, one HF head 7 loaded on the throat 3 of the horn, and four midrange heads 8 loaded on holes 6 made in the side surface 4 of the horn. On FIG. 1 shows a loudspeaker with four midrange heads, however, the number of midrange heads may be more than four, for example, five or six.

In this example, the high-frequency head radiates in the range from about 1.2 kHz to 20 kHz, and the mid-range head in the range from 40 Hz to 1.2 kHz. The crossover frequency is 1.2 kHz. When using other heads, the crossover frequency may also be different.

On the side surface 4 of the horn 2, reflective petals 9 are made, which close the holes 6, on which the midrange heads 8 are loaded, from the side of the throat 3 of the horn and re-reflect the radiation of the midrange heads 8 to the edge of the mouth 5 of the horn. The number of reflective petals 9 corresponds to the number of midrange heads 8. The reflective petals 9 not only cover the midrange heads 8 from the side of the high-frequency head 7, but also close the midrange heads 8 from each other, thereby reducing the negative mutual influence of the midrange heads 8 on each other and on RF head 7.

It is desirable that the reflective petals 9 close the holes 6 not only from the side of the throat 3 of the horn, but also from the sides, thereby reducing the mutual influence of the midrange heads on each other.

The midrange heads 8 are located at the same level along the height of the horn 2, and are evenly distributed along the perimeter of the horn 2, thus, at the crossover frequency, the radiation of the high-frequency head 7, if you look at the loudspeaker from the front, has the shape of a circle, and the total radiation of the midrange heads 8 has the shape rings located around the perimeter of this circle.

The level of the holes 6 is chosen so that the distance I along the axis of the horn from its throat to the holes in the side surface of the horn on which the midrange heads are loaded is at least half the height h of the horn. More preferably, the distance 1 is at least three-fourths of the height h. This arrangement of holes, which are loaded with midrange heads, allows you to spread the high-frequency and midrange heads from each other at a sufficient distance.

On FIG. 4 shows the result of a computer program simulation of the radiation of such a loudspeaker at the crossover frequency. At the crossover frequency, the radiation of the HF and MF heads merge into a common sound wave. In a real loudspeaker, this fusion results in a significant reduction in interference distortion compared to traditional horn loudspeakers.

On FIG. 5 shows the loudspeaker horn 2 separately. The horn 2 is made of plastic in the form of a single product containing both the horn and reflective petals 9, as well as seats for sound emitting heads and fastening elements of the horn to the loudspeaker body. To reduce interference distortions, the junction of the reflective petals with the side wall of the horn, the edges of the holes on which the midrange heads are loaded, and the edges of the petals have a streamlined shape.

As a result, a fairly compact loudspeaker with a smooth frequency response in a wide frequency range, a uniform circular radiation characteristic in the frontal plane, and fairly small interference distortions was obtained.

When using a HF driver with a 1.4-inch output and a mid-range driver with a 5-inch output, the loudspeaker in a bass-reflex cabinet with a built-in 250W power amplifier has dimensions of 32×32×32 cm.

Designations on the drawings:

1 building

2 speaker

3 mouthpiece throat

4 horn side

5 horn mouth

6 holes in the side of the horn

7 HF head

8 midrange head

9 reflective petal

10 acoustic radiation h horn height

1 is the distance from the mouth of the horn to the hole.

Claims (11)

1. Loudspeaker, containing: a horn (2) having a throat (3), a side surface (4) and a mouth (5), as well as one HF head (7) loaded on the throat (3) of the horn (2); and several midrange heads (8) loaded on holes (6) made in the side surface (4) of the horn (2), characterized in that the horn (2) is additionally equipped with reflective petals (9) made on the side surface (4) of the horn (2), covering the holes (6) on which the midrange heads (8) are loaded, from the side of the throat (3) of the horn (2) and reflecting the radiation of the midrange heads (8) to the edge of the mouth (5) of the horn (2), while the reflective petals (9) form pockets closed from the side of the throat (3) of the horn (2) and from the sides and open from the side of the mouth (5) horn (2). 2. Loudspeaker according to claim 1, in which the mouth (5) of the horn (2) has the shape of a circle. 3. Loudspeaker according to claim 1, in which the petals (9) are installed in such a way that the total radiation pattern of the midrange heads (8) at the crossover frequency has the shape of a ring. 4. Loudspeaker according to claim 1, in which the reflective petals (9) have a convex shape. 5. Loudspeaker according to claim 1, containing four midrange heads (8). 6. Loudspeaker according to claim 1, in which the side surface (4) of the horn (2) has a convex shape. 7. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, in which the distance (1) along the axis of the horn (2) from its throat (3) to the holes (6) on which the midrange heads (8) are loaded is at least half the height (h) horn (2). 8. Loudspeaker according to claim 7, in which the specified distance (1) from the throat (3) of the horn (2) to the holes (6) is at least three-fourths of the height (h) of the horn (2). 9. A horn (2) for a loudspeaker according to one of the previous paragraphs, containing a throat (3) configured to connect an RF head, a side surface (4) and a mouth (5), as well as holes (6) made in the side surface (4) for connecting midrange heads, characterized in that the horn (2) is additionally equipped with reflective petals (9) made on the side surface (4) of the horn (2), covering the holes (6) from the side of the throat (3) of the horn ( 2), and located in such a way that the radiation of the midrange heads (8), when connected to the horn through the holes (6), is re-reflected to the edge of the mouth (5) of the horn (2).

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