RU2778139C1 - Specialized software and hardware complex for computer-aided design of radar stations, complexes and systems, as well as their components (sshc) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar and can be used to increase the efficiency of radar technology through the use of modern hardware and software. In a specialized software and hardware complex for computer-aided design of radar stations, radar complexes and systems, as well as their components, implementing a client-server architecture in which the client part is connected by a secure connection to the server part and laboratory equipment, the client part is a set of engineering calculation and modeling tools, which, through a package of engineering calculation tools and a set of modules is made with the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of radar stations, radar complexes and radar systems by conducting simulation experiments with their models. At the same time, modeling is carried out taking into account the effects of reflection from the underlying surface, the backscattering diagram of observation objects in a full polarization basis, the synthesis of directional patterns of antenna arrays and the use of supercomputer technologies. The server part consists of computing modules designed to function both in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment and within an electronic computing machine. The data bank contains sets of source data, scenarios and simulation results, information both in the form of relational databases (DB), with access through a database management system, and in the form of an ordered set of data storage files.

EFFECT: expanding the functionality of the complex.

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Description

The invention relates to radar and can be used to improve the efficiency of radar technology through the use of modern hardware and software.

SPAK, being a multifunctional complex, is designed for automated design of radar stations (RLS), including as part of radar systems (RL systems) and complexes (RLC), as well as simulation modeling (IM) of the process of their operation with the possibility of integrating private calculation modules and models implemented in high-level programming languages.

The specialization of the SPAK is due to the use of initial data from many enterprises and the increased requirements for the user of the SPAK in the field of radar and the development of complex systems. SPAK is designed for use by specialists in the field of radar and radar systems design, the main purpose of SPAK is to combine development experience from various enterprises and provide developers with a single end-to-end design tool, taking into account the features and realities of domestic development of radar systems.

This program allows you to carry out a complex interdisciplinary IM of the functioning of radar, radar and radar systems. The following factors are taken into account when modeling: parameters of objects of observation (OH): flight performance, maneuvers, group targets, parameters of the propagation medium: refraction, ionosphere, precipitation, phantom targets, underlying surface, radar parameters: antenna system, parameters of the microwave path, cyclogram of radar operation, algorithms for processing radar information (RI). The effectiveness of the use of SPAK is achieved due to the possibility of carrying out numerical IM of the operation of the radar in a single information space using ready-made libraries of models of various components of the radar.

The program allows you to develop and debug functional radar models, including those with hardware in the loop. The complex of engineering calculation tools, which is part of the SPAK, makes it possible to prepare initial data for modeling in terms of the effective scattering area (ESR) of the observed object (OS), wind and thermal loads on the antenna structure.

Currently, for the design of radar, radar and radar systems, a set of computer-aided design (CAD) environments of various tasks is used, such as AGI STK [1] for radar system simulation, Cadence Microwave Office [2] for design and simulation of radio frequency / microwave (RF/MW) components, Altium Designer [3] for PCB design, Solidworks 3D CAD [4] for engineering calculations and structural design, Mathworks Matlab [5] for debugging radar image processing algorithms, and so on.

Attempts to combine individual technical tools into a single design environment were made by Keysight in the PathWave product [6]. The PathWave software package includes tools for system design, device simulation, power electronics calculation, simulation of RF and microwave devices, as well as digital devices. To simulate radar image processing algorithms, PathWave is integrated with the Matlab computational core, and integration with Agi STK is configured to form a complex jamming-target environment (PCL). The PathWave toolbox contains interface modules for connecting instrumentation and measurement equipment (CME) in order to conduct HIL modeling.

The Keysight PathWave software package does not allow you to calculate the parameters of the radar based on the requirements of the destination, does not contain tools for optimizing the characteristics of the radar. Also, PathWave does not contain models of Russian radar components, and does not correspond to the current list of domestic element base.

Thus, despite the extensive capabilities in the design and simulation of individual devices, PathWave from Keysight does not allow designing at the initial stages of the life cycle of the radar, and does not reflect the specifics of the Russian development process.

The technical problem is to expand the functionality of the complex.

The technical result consists in providing the possibility of automated design of radar stations, including as part of radar systems and complexes, as well as simulation of the process of their operation with the possibility of integrating private calculation modules and models implemented in high-level programming languages.

The specified technical result is achieved in a specialized software and hardware complex for automated design of radar stations, radar complexes and systems that implements a client-server architecture, in which the client part is connected by a secure connection to the server part and laboratory equipment, while the client part is a set of engineering calculation tools and modeling, which, by means of a software package for engineering calculations and a set of application software modules, is made with the ability to evaluate the performance of radar stations (RLS), radar complexes (RLC) and radar systems (RL systems) by conducting simulation experiments with their models, which differ in the possibility of modeling taking into account such effects as reflection from the underlying surface, backscatter patterns of objects of observation in the full polarization basis, synthesis of radiation patterns antenna arrays and the use of supercomputer technologies; the server part consists of computing modules capable of functioning both in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment and within a single electronic computer and a data bank containing sets of initial data, scenarios and simulation results, information both in the form of relational databases data (DB), with access through the database management system, and in the form of an ordered set of files - data storages.

The supercomputer technologies used in the SPAC can significantly speed up the solution of such computationally complex problems as modeling digital signal processing algorithms, multicriteria optimization in the problem of preliminary estimation of radar parameters, and simulation modeling of radar systems.

Engineering calculation and modeling tools are interconnected modules for the preliminary estimation of the parameters (MPOP) of the radar, a module for editing and visualizing the results of engineering calculations, simulation modeling (IM), statistical processing and optimization, economic calculations, interface with software and instrumentation (CIO ) third-party manufacturers, administration of the data bank (BCD) and file storage (FS).

The software package for engineering calculations contains a complex for modeling deformations under the influence of external influences (KMDVV), a block for calculating the antenna radiation pattern taking into account external influences (DNAVV), a block for calculating the part of the effective scattering area (ESR) of the object of observation (OS).

A set of application software modules (NPPM) contains a block for modeling the dynamic behavior of a radar as a system of solid bodies (BDPRLS), a complex for modeling radar hardware components, a block for modeling flying vehicles, a complex for modeling software and algorithmic support for a radar, a complex for modeling software and algorithmic support for a command post, a complex interference-target environment modeling (PCO), a software component for automated assembly of computing modules.

The computing modules of the server part are the calculation modules: calculation of the propagation and scattering of a radar signal, calculation of the antenna array radiation pattern, calculation of the trajectories of objects of observation.

The database contains EPR targets, flight performance characteristics of targets, antennas and antenna arrays, cost data, data on structures.

The file storage contains digital and cartographic information, 3D target models, 3D radar models, MI scenarios, FR projects, simulation results.

SPAK allows you to solve the problems of designing both structural elements of the radar, and software and algorithmic support, based on examples of projects made on the basis of data on current radars adopted and developed in the Russian Federation.

The claimed invention is illustrated in the drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 - Client-server architecture SPAK

1. - GUI and controls

2. - functional editor of the structure of the radar station;

3. - module of economic calculations;

4. - module of preliminary estimation of parameters;

5. - simulation modeling server;

6. - simulation modeling server;

7. - calculation modules (calculation of the propagation and scattering of a radar signal, calculation of the antenna array radiation pattern, calculation of the trajectories of objects of observation, etc.).

In FIG. 2 - Data flow graph of the parameter pre-estimation module in the edit window

In FIG. 3 - Stages of the radar design route in SPAK

In FIG. 4 - Data flow graph of the simulation module in the editing window

SPAK has the following:

1) the presence of a built-in radio scene based on a geographic information system;

2) the possibility of modeling radar and radar systems;

3) the possibility of conducting a technical and economic analysis of radar options;

4) the possibility of a comparative analysis of radar options in terms of efficiency and cost with the choice of Pareto-optimal options.

SPAK has the following advantages:

1) connect private radar models through a convenient interface for automatic assembly of modules;

2) connect laboratory testing equipment and specialized software products;

3) to provide automated design of algorithms for digital processing of radar signals and information, providing the calculation of samples of the complex envelope of signals and interference, evaluation of the results of the primary information processing and secondary information processing of the radar;

4) tasks of modeling the phono-target and interference environment, software and algorithmic support of the radar using geographic information systems;

5) optimization tasks of designing both structural elements of the radar and software and algorithmic support;

6) study of the functioning processes of the designed radar stations in various conditions of background-target and interference environment;

7) comparison of alternative options for the composition, construction and combat use of the radar;

8) evaluation of various algorithmic solutions for the processing of radar data in the radar;

9) assessing the compliance of the tactical and technical characteristics of the created means with the requirements of the tactical and technical assignment;

10) evaluation of the effectiveness of the combat use of radars as part of groupings of troops in various background-target and interference conditions;

11) justification of the requirements for advanced radars and the conditions for their combat use;

12) conduct a preliminary assessment of the radar parameters;

13) to simulate the dynamic behavior of the radar;

SPAK uses an approach called "data flow programming" to create simulation models. Popular representatives of software with this approach are Simulink and LabView.

The user, using the visual constructor, creates a calculation graph from blocks, configures the parameters of each block and the connections between them. On clicking the start calculation button, the software walks through the graph and calculates the output of each block based on the input data and block parameters.

The advantages of this paradigm are a natural visual representation (in the form of a computation graph) and support for parallelism.

There is a visual functional editor that provides the ability to create and calculate a graph of streaming calculations.

SPAK implements a client-server architecture (see Fig. 1):

• operator's workplace (client part): system for input and editing of initial data, system for visualization of calculation and modeling results;

• remote server (server part): simulation modeling server, data bank.

The client part - an automated workstation (AWS) of a radar developer or, more formally, an environment for engineering calculations and modeling, contains tools for entering and editing all initial data, viewing calculation results, functionality for managing computing modules, exporting and importing data and models from third-party CAD systems and 3D editors. This part operates under operating systems (OS) Windows and Linux.

The server part consists of computing modules; these modules operate both in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment and within a single electronic computer. The client part through a secure connection interacts with the server part of the SPAK and the data bank. The server part also has a cross-platform implementation for Linux OS and for Windows OS.

The data bank (DBD) containing sets of initial data, modeling scenarios and corresponding results contains information both in the form of relational databases (DB), with access through the database management system, and in the form of an ordered set of storage files.

The implementation of such a client-server architecture allows not only launching computational processes on the server remotely and controlling them through a client application on a separate computer, but also launching several client applications to simultaneously conduct several experiments. Also, in the process of passing the design route, it is possible to carry out several calculations in parallel on the cluster for the algorithm or its part with different initial data for calculation. In this case, several nodes of the cluster are used in parallel, and calculation blocks that implement such an algorithm are launched on each node.

The structure of the client part of SPAK:

1) Tools for engineering calculations and modeling, consisting of:

- Preliminary Parameter Estimation Module (MPOP) of the radar. The module for preliminary evaluation of the radar parameters provides a prompt preliminary calculation of the numerical values of the radar parameters required to ensure the given values of the radar characteristics, locally on a personal computer. At the same time, the module provides both reading the values of input parameters and the required values of characteristics from the BKD or file storage (FS), and entering them manually by the operator in the graphical interface. Also, the module must ensure the recording of the calculated desired numerical values of the parameters in the BCD or FH. The implementation of MCCM is provided by the data flow graph technology. An example of the implementation of calculations in MECM is shown in Fig. 2;

- a module for editing and visualizing the results of engineering calculations. The module for editing and visualizing the results of engineering analysis provides for the import of 3D models of radars (radar components), OH developed in third-party CAD systems, their editing and display in the graphical user interface, the formation of design tasks for launching engineering calculations, illustrating the results of taking into account the influence of external influences on the design radar, the shape of the antenna pattern, the results of the calculation of spatial backscatter patterns for OH;

- IM module. The IM module provides for the formation (loading) of the scenario, initialization and launch of a simulation experiment, as well as playback of the protocol of a pre-calculated experiment and visualization of the results;

- module of statistical processing and optimization. It has a graphical interface and provides: setting a list of variable input parameters, selecting and fixing a set of specified performance indicators, selecting a hardware computing resource for starting calculations, forming the structure of computational tasks (simulation experiments), calculating a representative sample (statistical calculation) of numerical values of specified performance indicators by running a number of simulation experiments in parallel according to one scenario with the same input parameters, recording the results in BCD or FH, setting a stop criterion and implementing automatic termination of calculations according to a given criterion, calculating statistical characteristics of randomly distributed numerical values of given performance indicators, calculating an array of tables of values of given indicators efficiency for optimization by running in parallel a number of simulation experiments for one or more different scenarios with input parameter values from multiple grid (optimization calculation), statistical and optimization calculation, multicriteria optimization, generation of a report on the optimization performed, visual presentation in the form of histograms of the obtained values for each performance indicator (for two-dimensional and three-dimensional sections in 2D and 3D representations, respectively), interactive selection point of interest from the Pareto set, automatic loading of the corresponding simulation scenario.

- module of economic calculations. It has a graphical interface and provides a rough estimate of the cost of a product sample, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the increase in the values of the achieved efficiency indicators relative to the increase in cost (price / quality indicator) in comparison with samples of radars (RLK, radar systems) of a similar purpose;

- module for interfacing with software and KIO of third-party manufacturers. This module is designed for HIL modeling as a part of SPAK;

- BKD administration module. The BKD administration module provides administration, overview, fast direct access and sharing of heterogeneous data in the database database required for the operation of the SPAK;

- FH administration module. The FH administration module provides administration, overview, fast direct access, and sharing of heterogeneous data in the FH required for the operation of the SPAK;

- user interface for configuring a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). The user interface for configuring the FPGA provides an overview, selection and loading of firmware from the FC, configuring the FPGA of the supercomputer;

2) a software package for engineering calculations, consisting of:

- a complex for modeling deformations under the influence of external influences (KMDVV). KMDVV provides: loading of initial data for calculation from BCD or FH, setting the boundary conditions for modeling, setting the calculation profile, building the calculation grid of the radar structure and space, checking the constructed grids for suitability for performing calculations, calculating the characteristics of the three-dimensional flow around the radar, calculating wind loads on the structure in a viscous flow, taking into account the surface boundary layer, calculation of thermal loads on the radar structure, taking into account the heat flow from the Sun, calculation of the temperature distribution over the radar surface, taking into account the thermal process reaching a stationary mode, at which a thermal balance occurs between the input and output energies, taking into account features of the surface boundary layer by thickening the mesh in this layer and the area of inhomogeneity around the object by thickening the mesh taking into account the shape of the object, calculating the deformations of the radar antenna, calculating the strength characteristics of the radar, calculating on the entire available computing resource listed x values for a given calculated profile, forming on their basis a connected set of deformed 3D radar models, taking into account the influence of external influences, saving the results of the complex operation, as well as the calculated profile in the BCD or FH. The implementation of KMDVV is based on methods for solving differential equations on a finite element mesh to determine the fields of displacement, stress and thermal characteristics;

- the block for calculating the antenna radiation pattern taking into account external influences (DNABB) provides: loading of initial data for calculation from the BCD or FH: a connected set of 3D radar models, loading from the database of the properties of objects of the MI of the viewing sector and step in azimuth and elevation, diagram calculation antenna directivity for a variety of loaded 3D radar models for transmitting and receiving, calculation of the parameters of the antenna pattern, displaying the main sections and spatial pattern of the antenna array and its calculated parameters, taking into account the influence of the radiation pattern of a separate transceiver module on the shape of the antenna pattern, accounting for changes shape of the antenna pattern in case of failure of the transceiver module, saving the calculation results in the BCD or FH, loading and visualization of the results of previously performed calculations from the BCD or FH. The implementation of DNABB is based on the calculation of the strength of the electromagnetic field in the far zone, depending on the spatial position of the antenna elements, as well as the radiation pattern of a separate emitter;

- EPR OH calculation unit. It provides calculation of the value of the reflected signal, taking into account the irradiation angle in azimuth and elevation with a specified step in angle, wavelength, polarization and reflective properties of the OH coating. The following methods for calculating the backscattering diagram of bodies of complex shape have been implemented: the method of physical optics, the method of integral equations. The calculation takes into account such effects as signal reflection from sharp edges, multiple reflections, layered structures of different materials;

3) a set of application software modules (NPPM) consisting of:

- a block for modeling the dynamic behavior of the radar as a system of solids (BDPRLS). BDPRLS provides: IM radar, presented in the form of a mechanical system of solid bodies, calculation of the stiffness and damping coefficients of the gear connection, calculation of the gear ratio, assessment of the shaft for torsion strength, calculation of the rotational speed, torque and power on the shaft, assessment of the stability of the radar;

- a complex for modeling radar hardware components. It provides calculation of: characteristics of power supply sources of various types, calculation of readings of the complex envelope of various types of probing signals of the simulated radar based on the initial data from the database of the properties of the MI objects, the values of signals entering the antenna-feeder path for subsequent radiation, readings of the complex envelope of signals and interference at the output of receiving radar channels, taking into account the presence of mixers and band-pass filters in them and / or uneven amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics of the band-pass filter, signal-to-noise and interference-to-noise ratios in various sections of the radar receiving path;

- aircraft modeling unit. It takes into account the influence of the properties of telecommunication lines used to exchange data between the components of the radar, radar systems: command posts and radar;

- a complex for modeling the software and algorithmic support of the radar. It provides: simulation of the formation and review process of barrier view areas, calculation of target designations for searching for targets in a given view area of space in accordance with a given type of work, management of the distribution of a time resource for detection and tracking, analysis of the distribution of the intensity of active interference by frequency points, selection of the type probing signal, burst duration, tact duration, adaptation of radar parameters (RLK, radar systems) to changing PCR conditions and the use of noise suppression algorithms, selection of the form and number of receiving direction-finding bundles, selection of the operating mode, implementation of digital signal processing algorithms, processing of simulated signals according to algorithms for digital signal processing with implementation on the FPGA of a supercomputer in the process of MI;

- a complex for modeling software and algorithmic support for a command post. The complex provides modeling of the identification of target trajectories, the formation of a single array of trajectories;

- PCU modeling complex. It provides: calculation of the trajectory parameters of the movement of simulated objects, calculation for each receiving channel of samples of the complex envelope of internal / external noise and interference, calculation of the samples of the complex envelope of various types of interference, calculation of changes in signal characteristics in vacuum and air, taking into account the effects of signal transmission through various layers of the atmosphere , calculation of changes in the characteristics of the signal in fog and precipitation, calculation of changes in the characteristics of the radar field in the surface layer, taking into account the electrodynamic properties of the underlying surface, taking into account changes in the properties of the radar signal;

The implementation of application software modules that simulate the operation of radar stations is based on the data available in the Concern and is adequate to the real processes of radar operation.

4) a software component for automated assembly of computational modules written in C++. It provides: verification of the signature of convertible classes, generation of additional C++ code for wrapping classes in Python, launching the assembly of the module using standard tools of the OS of the Windows and Linux families, installation of the module in the system and directory with libraries;

5) Workstation with the ability to connect to the server and laboratory equipment.

The server part of the SPAC contains software tools for performing resource-intensive calculations, including those using supercomputer technologies. The composition of the server part software:

1) simulation server;

2) calculation tools of the engineering calculation software package

3) data bank consisting of:

- flight performance characteristics of aerodynamic objects, characteristics of ballistic observation objects;

- simulation results;

- database on the cost of radar components;

- digital cartographic information;

- 3D models of radar and observation objects;

- configuration files for FPGA;

- settings for KIO;

Client Layer

The SPAK client part works on personal computers with x86-64 architecture processors, at least 12 GB of RAM, and is cross-platform, which allows you to work in the following operating systems:

1) family of OS Windows x86-64;

2) a family of Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel.

Optionally, SPAK can be expanded by connecting a computing server, as well as a supercomputer with the SLURM task scheduler.

Server layer

The SPAK server part runs on a server computer with at least 8192 MB of video memory, mounted in a rack with x86-64 architecture processors, at least 512 GB of RAM, running on Windows Server 2012 R2.

Interaction between the client side and the server side

The main mode of operation of SPAK is client-server interaction. On the user's workstation, input / output of commands, interaction with the graphical interface and connection with the KIO are performed. The calculation is made on the server and there is a complete database and FH. Additionally, a computing cluster with installed computing modules can be used.

Connection to the server is carried out via the network specifying the IP address and connection port. The connection to the computing cluster is organized in the same way. Network settings are configured in the HPC management module.

The client part on the user's workstation can use a local server - in this case, the same set of software tools is deployed on the workstation as on the server.

SPAK implements methods for estimating the cost of products by analogues, for this it is required to store sets of initial data of radar stations and components grouped in accordance with the classification adopted in SPAK.

The initial data structure is the same for all products and makes it easy and efficient to replenish the database both with individual nodes and radar systems, and with information on stations as a whole. The flexibility of the structure ensures the uniformity of data both for individual components of the radar, and for stations as a whole, which simplifies work with the database.

Instances of initial data for each device are stored in the database, grouped on the basis of constructive similarity. SPAK provides tools for viewing and correcting the received initial data.

The list of parameters and their format for each node and in the general radar is fixed. The user should be able to enter missing parameter values.

Estimation of the cost in the SPAK is carried out using parametric methods based on the initial data for similar devices and radars. In advance, for each group of devices, a parametric cost model is formed, which is the dependence of the cost on the most characteristic technical parameters of the product.

The parametric model is formally a mathematical function, and with some error can be represented as a polynomial of a certain order. The polynomial coefficients are calculated in the block for generating cost calculation functions for the preparation of parametric cost models in advance and are stored inside the SPAK. A mechanism is provided for manually selecting and changing parametric models for each set of initial data, for example, by entering polynomial coefficients or editing a cost dependence graph in a graphical interface.

The finished parametric models are assigned a unique identifier, under which they are stored in the database, and are called by the cost calculation unit, in accordance with the composition of the designed radar from the preliminary parameter estimation module.

The design route implemented in SPAK allows you to generate many alternative options for radar technical solutions, compare them with each other based on the results of evaluating efficiency and cost indicators, and select Pareto-optimal options.

The object of analysis and synthesis when constructing a radar design route is the scheme of work of a radar designer, which is a decision-making scheme on rational generalized variants of the radar. Specific private objects of analysis and synthesis are:

1) dividing all the actions of the designer into stages (sub-stages), interconnected by a chain of intermediate goals, ending with the achievement of the main goal - rational generalized versions of the radar,

2) private algorithms for performing individual stages (substages) of the designer's actions and data structures that support these algorithms.

In general, the sequence of stages (sub-stages) is divided into two phases:

- phase of preparing a set of M _radar-O alternatives of generalized radar options;

- optimization phase , in which a significantly limited number of rational generalized radar options is selected from the set M _{of radar-O} .

The scheme of work of a radar designer should provide an effective continuous end-to-end cycle for designing generalized looks of advanced radars or radar systems. To implement this requirement, the specified scheme is built in the form of a sequential decision-making scheme on the characteristics of the radar according to the following paradigm:

- as the main object, a set of M _RLS-O alternatives of generalized variants of the RLS is taken. Thus, M _RLS-O is a dynamic object that is constantly changing during the design process;

- the initial value of M _RLS-O is an indefinite set of potentially valid radar options in terms of power and composition;

- the purpose of each design stage (sub-stage) is either to reduce the power of the M _radar-O set, or to obtain information that supplements the descriptions of individual generalized radar options using only technical parameters;

- at the first stage, the transition from an abstract essentially indefinite set of generalized radar options to a finite set is implemented;

- at the last stage, an easily visible set of rational generalized radar options is formed, the comparison mechanism of which is sufficient to select an appropriate direction for further development;

- effective and unified data structures within the framework of the SPAC have been developed to provide the design process with the means of storing information about the intermediate and final states of a set of valid radar options.

An example of designing in SPAK

The simulation steps in the example are based on the flowchart in FIG. 5. They include:

1) the stage of preliminary assessment of parameters, consisting of the following steps:

- calling the menu for preliminary estimation of parameters in the following way: launching the engineering calculations and simulation environment from the console, selecting a new or existing project, selecting "set the scheme of MCTS / radar" on the "Actions" panel of the "Design a new product" window;

- input of the radar class, specification of technical characteristics;

The radar class is entered by creating a new project in the initial window of the SPAC. A pop-up window “Radar class” will appear where you need to enter: class name, type of basing, type of placement, mobility, number of measured coordinates, type of emitted signal, radar method, number of channels, type of coherence.

- selection of a template for calculating parameters;

You can select a template for calculating parameters in the "Set MCPM scheme" menu. This window appears when you select the "Set MOD/Radar Scheme" action.

- setting restrictions on technical parameters;

Restrictions on technical parameters can be set by calling the action "Edit radar functional model". A functional editor based on the data flow graph will appear. You can select blocks of logical operations with an argument value equal to the required value.

- calculation of the values of tactical characteristics;

The calculation of the values of tactical characteristics is called by pressing the button "Execute in the field" Actions "of the product design window.

- elimination of options that do not meet the requirements.

The purpose of this stage (preliminary estimation of parameters) is to generate a set of radar options, each of which is characterized by a set of technical parameters.

The implementation of this design stage in SPAK is performed in the preliminary parameter estimation module using the data flow graph technology (Fig. 5). To carry out these operations, the designer must draw up a graph in which the central link will be his own block, in which tactical characteristics are calculated based on technical ones. At the input of the computing block, the designer must submit the ranges of values of the technical characteristics, again by means of special blocks. The output of the computing unit must be connected to the units that screen out the radar options, that is, to the blocks of logical conditions.

2) stage of simulation modeling, consisting of the following steps:

- selection of the radar model template;

The choice of the radar model template is carried out by pressing the button "Place an instance of the "radar" on the map", placing it on the map at a given point and selecting in the menu "Edit radar based on the data flow graph" in the antenna binding field of the menu "select radar template". A pop-up window will appear. It is required to select a template corresponding to the radar of a given class.

- setting up the radar model;

The radar model is configured in the "Edit radar based on data flow graph" window when placing the radar on the map. Here it is required: to keep the name, give a description, set the latitude and longitude of the radar station, set the altitude relative to sea level, determine the maximum instrumental range specified in the performance characteristics of the radar.

- setting the trajectory of the target;

The sequence is as follows: choice of equipment option (weapons, hanging tanks, missiles, active jammers and auxiliary equipment), selection of target equipment (set the name, type of target and equipment option determined in the previous step), set the raid group (define the name of the group and combat order, available targets set in the previous step are set), route setting (positioning adjustments can be made to each of the fixed target positions).

- launching experiments;

The experiments are started by pressing the button "Start the simulation process" or by pressing F5.

- calculation of performance indicators of radar options.

The calculation of performance indicators is performed by calling this tool from the console and selecting the required tool in the "Initial CAD-RLS window" window and selecting the tools menu.

After the stage of preliminary assessment of the radar, there is a stage of simulation modeling. The purpose of the stage is to more accurately study the radar options formed at the stage of preliminary assessment of the parameters. According to the simulation result, each radar variant is assigned a numerical value of the generalized efficiency indicator, which is used in the course of Pareto optimization.

The basic data flow graph technology is also applied here. The radar model is formed from functional blocks, each of which is associated with some part of the technical parameters. Due to this, it becomes possible to automatically simulate various radar options using just one or a set of radar parameters from a variety of radar options.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed radar can also be carried out as part of a complex or radar system. To do this, the SPAK user has the ability to create several scenarios by placing a group of radars and command posts on the map, set working conditions, enemy actions, and perform a series of simulation experiments. SPAK contains models of command posts with various options for tertiary information processing, tools for editing the subordination of the radar, tools for calculating a variety of scenarios, including those on the computing nodes of a supercomputer.

3) stage of technical and economic analysis, consisting of the following steps:

- grouping nodes by analogues;

It is performed by pressing the button "Cost Estimation and Pareto Optimization" in the window for designing a new product in the "Actions" field, then select "create radar cost model" or "Edit radar cost model". The Create Value Models window appears. Here in the field "Database - Analogues" you can select analogues of the designed product.

- calculation of the cost function for each group of nodes;

It is performed by pressing the button "Cost Estimation and Pareto Optimization" in the new product design window in the "Actions" field, then select "Radar cost calculation". It is required to press the "Calculate" button. The result of the calculation will be entered into the database.

- cost calculation.

It is performed by pressing the button "Cost Estimation and Pareto Optimization" in the new product design window in the "Actions" field, then select "Radar cost calculation". It is required to press the button "Radar Cost Calculation". The result of the calculation will be entered into the database.

Based on the results of the simulation stage, we obtain performance indicators for a set of technical solutions for the radar, at the same time, at the stage of feasibility analysis, we obtain cost indicators for this set.

The assessment methodology is based on the principle of comparison with similar devices from the radar station, data on the costs of similar products are used, taking into account technical parameters.

All initial data available in the SPAK database are divided into groups according to their constructive similarity. For each group, a parametric cost function is formed, which is a mathematical dependence of the cost of an integral part of the product on the main technical parameters. The cost of the designed product is estimated as a set of calculated values of the specified function for the selected components of the product, depending on the current set of their parameters.

The technique is implemented as follows:

- in accordance with the class of the radar, in addition to the sets of technical parameters of the radar, information is received from the MCOP about which components are included in this radar;

- to estimate the cost in accordance with the selected class of radar for the list of its components from the data bank, analogues are selected;

- based on a comparison with analogues of the values of the main technical parameters for the designed components of the radar, a cost estimate is made.

The CAD user is given the opportunity to estimate the cost by an expert / analytical method in the case when there is already an idea about the price function of the radar component.

Mathematical algorithms embedded in the assessment module do not depend on the specific values of the initial data, therefore, they can be used with an insufficient amount of statistical data, increasing the reliability of the assessment as the data bank is filled.

Based on the results of this design stage, the SPAK obtains an estimate of the cost of different radar options.

4) Pareto optimization stage

It is performed by pressing the button "Cost estimation and Pareto optimization" in the new product design window in the "Actions" field, then select "Pareto optimization". A two-dimensional coordinate system will appear with the abscissa - cost, ordinate - efficiency.

At the final stage of designing in CAD for each version of the radar, the corresponding values of efficiency indicators were obtained - based on the results of the simulation modeling stage, and cost - based on the results of the cost assessment stage. These results are used to select a narrowed set of radar options according to the criterion of the type "efficiency-cost". For all Pareto-optimal solutions output by the system, the user sees what parameter values, efficiency and cost indicators are there, and can make a comparison.

It is this set of solutions that is the main result of the design. Thus, SPAK provides the designer with a tool for shaping the appearance of the radar for given tactical requirements with the ability to compare and select different versions of the radar.

LITERATURE

1. STK Professional Spec Sheet // agi.com URL: https://www.agi.com/getmedia/172b0f02-7469-4fbf-9d5c-9c6e6f36aa87/STK-Pro-Product-Specsheet.pdf?ext=.pdf) (date of access: 01/16/2020).

2. AWR software // awr.com/ru URL: https://www.awr.com/serve/ni-awr-software-portfolio-russian (Accessed 01/16/2020).

3. Altium Designer // altium.com URL: https://altium.com/altium-designer/en (accessed 01/16/2020).

4. Solidworks 3D CAD // solidworks.com URL: https://www.solidworks.com/sites/default/files/2019-07/3DS-2020-DataSheet-3DCAD.pdf (accessed 01/16/2020).

5. Matlab documentation // exponenta.ru URL: https://exponenta.ru/matlab (date of access: 01/16/2020).

6. PathWave Design software, a new generation of CAD for electronic devices // keysight.com URL: https://www.keysight.com/ru/ru/assets/7018-06644/brochures/5992-4019.pdf (date of access: 16.01. 2020).

Claims (9)

1. A specialized software and hardware complex for the automated design of radar stations, complexes and systems, as well as their components, which implements a client-server architecture in which the client part is connected by a secure connection to the server part and laboratory equipment, the laboratory equipment is a control and measuring equipment connected to client part through an interface module to enable HIL simulation and contains spectrum analyzers, generators and oscilloscopes, in addition, the client part is a set of engineering calculation and modeling tools, which, using a package of engineering calculation tools and a set of modules, is made with the ability to evaluate the performance of radar stations (RLS), radar complexes (RLC) and radar (RL) systems by conducting simulation experiments with their models, which differ in the possibility of modeling taking into account such effects as reflection from the underlying surface, backscatter patterns of objects of observation in the full polarization basis, synthesis of antenna array radiation patterns and the use of supercomputer technologies, the server part, designed to conduct several experiments simultaneously, is implemented on a server computer having a cross-platform implementation for two operating systems, and consists of simulation modules, an administration data bank (BCD) and a file storage (FS), as well as computational modules representing are calculation modules: calculation of propagation and scattering of a radar signal, calculation of the radiation pattern of an antenna array, calculation of the trajectories of objects of observation, at the same time, the server part is connected to a supercomputer implemented on a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA) and configured to accelerate digital signal processing, multi-criteria optimization in the task of preliminary estimation of radar parameters and simulation of radar systems. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of engineering calculations and modeling are interconnected modules for preliminary parameter estimation (PMEP) of radar stations, editing and visualization of the results of engineering calculations, simulation modeling (IM), statistical processing and optimization, economic calculations . 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the package of engineering calculations contains a complex for modeling deformations under the influence of external influences (KMDVV), a block for calculating the antenna radiation pattern taking into account external influences (DNABB), a block for calculating the part of the effective scattering area (ESR) object of observation (ON). 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of modules (NPPM) contains a block for modeling the dynamic behavior of the radar as a system of solid bodies (BDPRLS), a complex for modeling the hardware components of the radar, a block for modeling flying vehicles, a complex for modeling the radar software and algorithmic support, a complex for modeling the software and algorithmic support of a command post, a complex for modeling a jamming-target environment (PTSO), a software component for the automated assembly of computing modules. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the database contains the EPR of targets, flight performance of targets, antennas and antenna arrays, cost data, data on structures. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the file storage contains digital and cartographic information, 3D target models, 3D radar models, MI scenarios, FR projects, simulation results.

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