RU2777031C1 - Method for protecting a current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors in a high-voltage network line without a shutter element and a complex of relay protections for implementing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The relay protection complex contains at least one line differential protection set and at least one HTSC CLD resistance protection set, which disconnects the line with the HTSC CLD in accordance with the current resistance value and the total duration of the HTSC CLD operating modes in the resistive state. The claimed method for protecting the HTSC CLD in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element includes: monitoring the current value in the line of the HTSC CLD installation and the value of the resistance of the HTSC CLD by at least one relay line protection; also tracking the total duration of the operating modes of the HTSC CLD in the resistive state, including the determination of changes in the value of the resistance derivative with respect to time. It is determined whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network if at least one of the specified values ​​is above the limit value.

EFFECT: providing line protection with a current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSC CLD) in a high-voltage network without a shunt element and increasing the duration of continuous operation of the HTSC CLD in time in a high-voltage network with a non-linear resistance characteristic.

22 cl, 4 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, to circuits for protecting equipment of electrical lines (hereinafter referred to as lines), which automatically shut off and directly respond to an unacceptable deviation from normal electrical operating parameters with subsequent restoration of the connection, in particular, to circuits for protecting lines of settlements with an installed high-temperature superconducting current-limiting device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Short circuit currents are an inevitable phenomenon in any electrical network. They occur with various damage to network components (cables, transformers, etc.). At distribution substations (hereinafter referred to as SS), short circuit currents (hereinafter referred to as short circuit) create a high load on all components of the substation and exceed the nominal permissible current levels by 10-100 times. The lack of proper protection of equipment from short circuits at substations leads to emergency situations and equipment failure.

A current-limiting device based on second-generation high-temperature superconductors (hereinafter referred to as HTSC TOU, eng. SFCL - Superconducting Fault Current Limiter) is designed to protect electrical networks from super-rated currents that occur during emergency situations in lines and can significantly reduce the consequences of emergency situations, improve the quality of power supply, reduce equipment wear.

As a rule, an HTSC TOU contains a cylindrical cryostat filled with a cryogenic medium, an assembly of superconducting current-limiting modules connected to each other installed in the cryostat, and inlet and outlet insulated current leads. Current-limiting modules are made in the form of coils with wound high-temperature superconducting conductors of the second generation. In this case, each of the current leads is connected at one end to the assembly of the mentioned modules, and at the other end - to the high-voltage network line.

According to the principle of operation of the HTSC TOU reacts to changes in the magnitude of the current in the network, acquiring a non-linear active resistance. The HTSC TOU is installed in series in the high-voltage network line (hereinafter referred to as the line and the network, respectively) or between the substation buses (the preferred installation location depends on the network topology).

Under nominal conditions, the current through the line with HTSC TOU is less than the operation current of HTSC TOU and the resistance of HTSC TOU tends to zero (less than 0.1 Ohm for high-voltage HTSC TOU, then normal operation), electricity is transmitted freely. In the event of a short circuit, the current through the HTSC TOU exceeds the trip current and the HTSC TOU goes into a resistive state (operation of the HTSC TOU with a resistance of up to tens of ohms, depending on the voltage class and network requirements, the current limiting mode), creating active resistance, thereby limiting the short-circuit current circuit and providing line protection. After the fault is cleared (provided by relay protection systems), the HTS TOU returns to normal low-resistance mode. A unique feature of the HTS TOU is the ability of the superconductor to switch extremely quickly from zero resistance to a sensible value for the network (for example, less than 4 milliseconds before the start of current limiting of the HTS TOU). However, due to the resistance of the HTSC TOU, it also quickly heats up (for example, in 500 ms) and at the same time cools down for a long time when it is turned off (47 s), as a result of which both damage to the HTSC TOU and a long disconnection of the line with the HTSC TOU from the network are likely, which reduces reliability of power supply in the network as a whole.

It is possible to install HTSC TOU in line:

- in parallel with a traditional current-limiting reactor (hereinafter referred to as TOR, eng. CLR - current-limiter reactor);

- in series with a bus coupler at a number of substations;

- without shunt elements (for example, TOP, cable, other TOU) of the network directly into the line.

The first in Russia current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductivity was manufactured by SuperOx and included in the 220 kV city power grid in Moscow in 2019.

A feature of the completed project is the installation of an HTSC TOU in parallel with a traditional current-limiting reactor (TOR, installed at the substation earlier). At the same time, the scaling of the HTSC TOU technology in the power system of Moscow implies the installation of the HTSC TOU directly into the power line without a current-limiting reactor installed in parallel.

In accordance with PUE 7. Rules for the installation of electrical installations (edition 7, 2003, paragraphs 3.2.15-3.2.19; hereinafter PUE 7), electrical installations above 1 kV must be equipped with relay protection and automation devices (hereinafter RZA).

Relay protection is a set of devices designed to quickly, automatically (in case of damage) identify and separate damaged elements of this network from the power supply network in emergency situations in order to ensure the normal operation of the entire network. The actions of relay protection are organized according to the principle of continuous assessment of the technical condition of individual controlled elements of the electrical network.

The variable resistance of the HTS TOU, which varies over a wide range (for a high-voltage network of 220 kV from 0.1 to 85 Ohm), as a rule, does not affect the operation of the main protections of the RPA (hereinafter referred to as the main protections), made according to the differential principle due to their high sensitivity, in particular, on the longitudinal differential protection of the line (hereinafter DZL). At the same time, the existing backup protection of a high-voltage line may not provide protection for the line (section) of a network with an HTSC TOU without a shunt element. Backup protections, such as distance protection (RS) and zero-sequence current protection (ZZNP), which are part of the set of step line protection (CLP) and are widely used in the places of the proposed installation of HTSC TOU, are designed in the logic of a constant resistance of the line elements, which makes it difficult their setting and makes them ineffective for line protection, including HTS TOU, due to its limited thermal stability.

Thus, due to the absence of a shunting HTSC TOU element, it becomes necessary to change approaches to organizing a relay protection and automation line with an HTSC TOU.

To solve these problems, the claimed invention proposes a relay protection complex for a line with an HTSC TOU without a shunt element and a method for protecting the HTSC TOU in a high-voltage network with a non-linear resistance characteristic with the possibility of a longer operation of the HTSC TOU in a resistive state.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to ensure the protection of the line with HTS TOU in a high-voltage network without a shunt element and to increase the duration of continuous operation of the HTS TOU over time in a high-voltage network with a non-linear resistance characteristic.

The possibility of not turning off the HTSC TOU after each short circuit increases the reliability of the power supply to the network.

From the prior art solutions are known aimed at protecting the HSTP TOU by tracking and recording the parameters: current, voltage and resistance, including for controlling the heating of the HSTP TOU.

This is how technical solutions are known according to patent applications KR20160000209 (H02H3/05, 01/04/2016) and KR20160140168 (H02H9/02, 12/07/2016), which disclose methods for setting a remote relay (RD) in power system protection systems using a superconducting short-circuit current limiter (current-limiting device based on superconductivity) and DZ with parallel installed TOP.

In a line with a TOP installed in series, there is reactance, which entails a loss of active power and voltage (in particular, in KR20160140168 A - this is called impendance). When an HTS TOU is installed in line with a series-installed TOP, active power losses are eliminated in normal operation. But in emergency situations, in particular during short circuit, the efficiency of current limitation is equivalent to the efficiency of a separately installed TOP.

Patent RU 2359383 (H02H3/00, 06/20/2009) discloses a method and system for protecting a superconducting electrical cable located in a public power network, solving the problem of overheating of an HTS cable. The method includes: detecting a short circuit current in a superconducting electrical cable; determining the total total energy dissipated in the superconducting electrical cable from the current of this short circuit and the current of at least one previous short circuit for a given period of time; and determining whether to disconnect the superconducting electrical cable from the public power grid based on said dissipated total energy.

At the same time, the system comprises a sensor configured to detect a short circuit current flowing through a superconducting electrical cable, and a controller configured to: determine the total total energy by determining the magnitude of the short circuit current Ij and the duration tdj over time electrical cable. If the short circuit current Ij exceeds a predetermined threshold current level, then the superconducting electric cable is disconnected from the public power grid for a certain period of time based on the short circuit current level Ij. The specified time period is based on the geometry of the superconducting electrical cable and the associated cooling system.

However, this method does not take into account the fact of an increase in the voltage drop (voltage difference at the inputs of the device) on the HTSC TOU connected in series to the line, with an increase in its resistance. Therefore, when limiting the short-circuit current, it is impossible to accurately determine the total total energy dissipated in the HTSC TOU from the current passing through the HTSC TOU, which can lead to damage to the device.

Patent application DE102011077460 A (H02H3/08, Dec. 20, 2012) discloses embodiments of a short-circuit protection device (current limiting module) used in power supply networks or power distribution networks.

The current detection is performed by a measuring device "current limiting module" which is placed in series with the superconductive current limiter and the circuit breaker, and is designed to measure the electric current flowing through the superconductive current limiter.

In particular, the application states that it is possible to protect the HTS TOU using a voltage measurement system, and parameters that reflect the temperature of the superconducting current limiter, in particular, through resistance, which is determined through the voltage at the input to the superconducting current limiter. To do this, the resistance is compared with a predetermined resistance limit value, which corresponds to a temperature value of the superconducting current limiter in the range or just above the critical temperature, and taken into account as a limit value.

In the event of a short circuit, the HTS TOU builds up resistance and, according to this technical solution, the current flowing through the HTS TOU can be interrupted by a switching device in case the limit value has been reached or exceeded.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the likelihood of frequent shutdowns of the HTSC TOU, i.e. there is no monitoring of the duration of operation of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state and the possibility of controlled operation of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state when the current flowing through the HTSC TOU is higher than the rated current (hereinafter, the operation of the HTSC TOU under load). It should be noted that this technical solution rather reveals the HTS TOU protection scheme, while the scheme does not take into account the joint operation of the HTS TOU protection in terms of resistance with traditional line protections.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved due to the following combination of features.

The complex of relay protection for a line with an HTS TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element provides protection for a line with an HTS TOU in a high-voltage network without a shunt element, for which it includes:

- at least one set of line differential protection, made with the possibility of disconnecting the line with HTSC TOU in accordance with the limit value of the unbalance current;

- at least one set of protection HTSC TOU, made with the possibility of disconnecting the line with HTSC TOU; wherein

the disconnection of the line with the HTSC TOU is carried out in accordance with the current value of the resistance and the total duration of the operating modes of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state.

In this case, the disconnection of the line with HTSC TOU is carried out by the action of the differential protection kit on the line switches without time delay according to the setting.

The disconnection of the line with the HTS TOU by the HTS TOU protection kit by resistance is carried out without time delay at the current value of the HTS TOU resistance is higher than the resistance value of the HTS TOU, at which it is possible to restore without interruption the current flow through the HTS TOU to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTS TOU, when In this case, the duration of the HTSC TOU operation mode without current flow is determined by the HTSC TOU protection kit by resistance in accordance with the maximum recovery time of the HTSC TOU after a shutdown.

The total duration of the HTSC TOU modes in the resistive state is determined by the sequential counting of time for each of the HTSC TOU operating modes from the beginning of the short circuit.

At the same time, the total duration of the HTS TOU modes in the resistive state is determined taking into account the value of the time derivative of the resistance as the maximum operating time of the HTS TOU in the current limiting mode and in the recovery mode.

In this case, at least one line differential protection set is connected to at least two current measuring transformers, and at least one HTS TOU resistance protection set is connected to at least two voltage measuring transformers and at least one current measuring transformer.

Measuring voltage transformers are connected by wires to the contact pad on the current leads of the HTSC TOU.

It is also possible to use on one of the sides of the high-voltage network a voltage transformer installed in a set of electric and gas switchgear, corresponding to the line voltage.

As part of the HTS TOU resistance protection kit, it is possible to use the HTS TOU protection against overcurrent.

Also, as part of the HTSC TOU resistance protection kit, it is possible to use a leakage current control unit from the HTSC TOU case to the ground with an action on the line switches from both sides.

A method for protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element provides an increase in the duration of continuous operation of the HTS TOU in time in a high-voltage network with a non-linear resistance characteristic and includes:

tracking the value of the current in the installation line HTS TOU and the resistance value of the HTS TOU by at least one relay protection line; same way

tracking the total duration of the operating modes of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state, including determining changes in the value of the derivative of the resistance with respect to time; and

determining whether to disconnect the line from the high voltage network if at least one of the specified values is above the limit value.

Monitoring the current value in the high-voltage network line can be carried out by a line differential protection kit, and monitoring the resistance value of the HTSC TOU and the total duration of the HTSC TOU operation modes in the resistive state with determining changes in the value of the resistance time derivative is carried out by the HTSC TOU resistance protection kit.

In this case, the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network and disconnect the line is performed by the line differential protection kit by acting on the line breakers without time delay according to the setting, if the limit value of the unbalance current is exceeded.

In this case, the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU, and if it exceeds the resistance value of the HTSC TOU, at which it is possible to restore to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU, then the disconnection is performed by the protection kit of the HTSC TOU by resistance action on the line switches.

At the same time, the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out by the total duration of the operating modes of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state with the determination of changes in the value of the resistance time derivative and, if the total duration of one of the modes exceeds the maximum operating time of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state, then the line is disconnected by the HTS TOU protection kit by the action on the line switches.

Also, tracking the values of the current in the line, the resistance of the HTSC TOU and the total duration of the modes of operation of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state with the determination of changes in the value of the derivative of the resistance with respect to time can be performed by the protection kit of the HTSC TOU by resistance.

In this case, the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU, and if it exceeds the resistance value of the HTSC TOU, at which it is possible to restore to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU, then the line is disconnected.

In this case, the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the current in the line and, if it exceeds the limit value, then the line is disconnected from the high-voltage network by the HTS TOU protection against overcurrent with a time delay.

To calculate the resistance value of the HTSC TOU, data on the voltage difference from the measuring voltage transformers and data on the current value from one of the measuring current transformers of the line are used.

Data on the voltage difference from measuring voltage transformers connected to the current leads of the HTSC TOU, while it is possible to use a voltage transformer installed in a set of electric and gas switchgears on one side of the line, corresponding to the line voltage.

The definition of changes in the value of the derivative of resistance with respect to time is defined as the next value of resistance and time in relation to the previous one, respectively.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

Fig. 1 Diagram of operating modes of HTSC TOU.

Fig. 2 Line protection circuit with HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network.

Fig. 3 Block diagram of the operation of the HTSC TOU protection kit by resistance.

Fig. 4 Diagram of the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU at the short-circuit current and after.

The implementation of the claimed invention is disclosed for a HTS TOU for a voltage class of 220 kV and a rated current of 1200 A, intended for installation in series in a line (without a shunt element), but is not limited to this.

Table 1 shows the approximate parameters of the HTSC TOU for a voltage class of 220 kV according to the manufacturer ZAO SuperOx, which may differ depending on the model of the HTSC TOU.

Table 1

Designation Term Definition Inom = 1200 A (rms) Rated current The maximum current at which the HTSC TOU is in the superconducting state for an unlimited time Rnorm = 0.1 Ohm Resistance
HTSC TOU HTSC TOU resistance in the superconducting state unlimited time Ipddt = 1400 A (rms) Maximum continuous current The maximum current at which there is no transition of the HTSC TOU to a resistive state Iwork = 2800 A (rms) Operate current The current at which the HTSC TOU completely goes into a resistive state 1620A steady current Minimum current flowing through the HTS TOU in resistive mode tddt = 1000 ms Permissible overload time Manufacturer's recommended shutdown time HTSC TOU in case of overload Rpddt = 1 ohm Maximum overload resistance The maximum resistance gained by the HTSC TOU during the overload tc = 500 ms Heat resistance time The maximum operating time of the HTS TOU in a resistive state with short-circuit current limitation

The maximum long-term permissible current of the HTSC TOU (Ipdt) is an operational parameter of the HTSC TOU. Ipdt is in the range between the rated current and the operating current. The operation of the HTSC TOU in excess of the maximum continuous allowable current (Iddt) is possible no longer than the allowable time (tddt) of overload.

In this case, the value (Ipdt) is set constructively and, as a rule, exceeds the limit load conditions for the line.

Since the HTSC TOU, like any conductor, heats up during the passage of current as a result of resistance, it is recommended to operate the HTSC TOU in a resistive state (current limiting mode) no longer than the time (tts) of thermal stability.

Thus, through the resistance values of the HTSC TOU, it is possible to construct a diagram of the operating modes of the HTSC TOU (Fig. 1). The resistance of the HTS TOU is shown schematically.

HTSC TOU has three main modes of operation (Fig. 1):

1. Normal operation mode ("HP" mode). In the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU is in the superconducting state, its resistance does not exceed 0.1 Ohm (hereinafter Rnorm);

2. Current limiting mode ("TO" mode). If a certain threshold value of the current flowing through the HTSC TOU is exceeded (the operation current exceeding the allowable current of the maximum load mode for the line and amounting to about 1-3 kA), an abrupt increase in the resistance of the HTSC TOU occurs. The resistance value of the HTS TOU immediately after the transition is different and ranges from units to 40 ohms or more, depending on the distance of the short circuit point, the operating mode and the network topology. In the future, if a short-circuit current continues to flow through the HTSC TOU, its current resistance (Rc) continues to increase smoothly and can reach a maximum value of the order of 90-150 ohms with a maximum short circuit duration. The maintenance mode has the maximum possible time (tts) of operation;

3.1 Recovery mode under load HTSC TOU ("RW" mode). In the case of the value of the current flowing through the HTSC TOU in resistive mode after the short circuit is turned off, is less than the rated current, with a resistance value equal to less than the resistance value (Rrest) at the moment the short circuit is turned off, it is possible to restore to Rnorms without disconnecting the HTS TOU from the network, for the maximum operating time of the HTS TOU in recovery mode (trest).

3.2. Restoration mode without load HTSC TOU after short circuit disconnection (“PR” mode). If Rrest is exceeded, the line with the HTSC TOU is switched off, and the HTSC TOU switches to the cooling mode, then the resistance gradually decreases over time (tcool) and the HTSC TOU returns to normal operation with resistance Rnorm.

The given resistance values of the HTSC TOU may vary depending on the parameters of the network, in particular, on the rated current, the operating current and other characteristics. Description of the symbols used in FIG. 1 are disclosed in Table 2.

table 2

Designation Definition Values
HTSC TOU Rnorm HTSC TOU resistance value in normal operation 0.1 ohm Rts The maximum value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU, which the HTSC TOU can develop without damage, by the time thermal resistance is reached (by the time Rts is reached, the HTSC TOU should already be disconnected from the network) 77-85 ohm Rrest The resistance value of the HTSC TOU, at which it is possible to recover to Rnorm without disconnecting the HTSC TOU from the network 44-53 Ohm Rtech the current value of the HTSC TOU resistance in real time, determined by the resistance of the HTSC TOU protection kit. Measured in real time ttc The maximum operating time of the HTS TOU in a resistive state (current limiting mode, Fig.1, TO mode), if the resistance value of the HTS TOU does not exceed Rrest 500ms trest The maximum operating time of the HTS TOU in the resistive state (recovery mode time, Fig. 1, RW mode) up to 6 s (6000 ms) tcool Maximum recovery time after shutdown up to 47 s (47000 ms) t1 Actual current limiting time Measured in real time t2 Actual Recovery Mode Time Measured in real time dR/dt Change in the resistance of the HTSC TOU over time:
greater than zero - current limiting mode, the resistance value increases;
less than zero - recovery mode, the resistance value decreases;
equal to zero - normal operation mode, the resistance value does not change. Measured in real time

As line 1 with HTS TOU 2 (Fig. 2) is considered a section of the network from the distribution substation (PS 2) to the distribution substation (PS 3). The number of HTS TOU 2 in the network depends on the network topology.

To protect line 1 with HTSC TOU 2 and protect directly HTSC TOU 2, the following composition of the HTS TOU 2 protection complex installed in the high-voltage network line is proposed (Fig. 2):

1) at least one set of main line protection (differential line protection type DZL, hereinafter DZL5.1, DZL5.2) with absolute selectivity and independent communication channels, with action on circuit breakers (3.1, 3.2) of line 1 from both sides.

It is possible to use longitudinal or transverse line differential protection according to the network topology.

DZL (5.1, 5.2) has become widespread as the main protection on lines with a voltage of 110 and 220 kV, up to an average length of 10-15 km. DZL (5.1, 5.2) disconnect the protected line 1 with all internal short circuits and, according to the principle of operation, do not respond to external damage.

To implement the invention, it is possible to use longitudinal and transverse differential protection of lines with HTSC TOU 2 in accordance with the network topology. Longitudinal DZL is preferable (5.1, 5.2). The following is an example using a longitudinal DZL (5.1, 5.2).

Protection DZL (5.1, 5.2) is built on the principle of comparing the currents flowing through the ends of the protected line. DZL protection semi-sets (not shown) are installed at each end of the protected line. DZL protection half-sets for each side of the line consist of a protection terminal (relay part) and the corresponding HF communication equipment (high-frequency part), which ensures the transmission of high-frequency signals (HF signals) to the other side of the protected line (or other sides, if this is due to the conditions ensuring selectivity). The connection of the DZL protection half-sets is carried out via auxiliary or fiber-optic communication lines (mainly in cities), through which the DZL half-sets exchange data packets containing information about phase currents and a number of necessary discrete signals. When using DZL (5.1, 5.2), it is recommended to use two physically separated communication channels.

As a source for measuring current values for longitudinal DZL (5.1, 5.2), measuring current transformers (TT4.1, TT4.2, Fig. 2) are used, installed at the ends of line 1 of the protected network section. DZL are configured so that in the normal mode of operation of line 1, the value of the geometric sum of the current vectors is equal to zero. In the event of a short circuit on the protected line, the geometric sum of the vectors will be different from zero, which will force the relay to close its contacts, issuing a command to disconnect the damaged line 1.

In a real case, a non-zero current, called the unbalance current, will always flow through the winding of the DZL current relay (5.1, 5.2). Those. DZL disconnects the line with HTSC TOU in accordance with the specified limit value of the unbalance current (trip setting), upon reaching which the equipment should trip as a predetermined action, calculated depending on the network topology and the type used by DZL.

It should be noted that modern microprocessor protection devices are able to take into account the unbalance current.

Two sets of DZLs are installed in the line with a high load of energy consumption, one of which is working (DZL 5.1), and the second (DZL 5.2) is a reserve, the function of which is short-range redundancy in accordance with PUE 7 (clause 3.2.19) on case of disconnection of the working set of the main line protections.

2) at least one HTSC TOU resistance protection kit (hereinafter KZS HTSP TOU 6.1, 6.2) with action on the line switches from both sides (the signal is transmitted via the DZL communication channels). KZS (6.1, 6.2) HTSC TOU is line resistance protection with a short-range redundancy function in case of a short circuit in the line of the HTSC TOU installation and a long-range backup function for protecting the HTSC TOU in case of passing short circuits (external with respect to the line).

In the GLC (6.1, 6.2) HTSC TOU, at each end of the protected line, half-sets of protection of the GLC HTSC TOU (not shown) are installed. Protection half-sets of KZS HTS TOU for each side of the line consist of a protection terminal (relay part) and the corresponding RF communication equipment (high-frequency part), which ensures the transmission of high-frequency signals (HF signals) to the other side of the protected line. Communication of GLC protection half-sets (HTSC TOU) is carried out via DZL communication channels (5.1, 5.2) and / or through its own fiber-optic communication lines (mainly in cities), through which data packets are exchanged containing information about the parameters of the HTSC TOU and a number of necessary discrete signals.

In line 1, two sets (6.1, 6.2) of HTSC TOU resistance protection are installed, one of which is working (KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU), and the second (KZS 6.2 HTSP TOU) is a backup, the function of which is redundancy in case of shutdown of the working KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU.

KZS (6.1, 6.2) HTSC TOU are made with the ability to measure resistance for thermal protection of HTSC TOU 2, for the calculation of which the voltage difference at the current leads of the HTSC TOU 2 from measuring voltage transformers (TN7.1, TN7.2, Fig. 2) is used, and also data on the magnitude of the current from the line current transformers, or from CT4.1, or from CT4.2. Each of the measuring voltage transformers (ТН7.1, ТН7.2) is connected, as a rule, by wires to the contact pad on the current leads of the HTSC TOU 2.

All network equipment, including current transformers (ТТ4.1, ТТ4.2) and voltage transformers (ТН7.1, ТН7.2), HTSC TOU 2 in line 1, are synchronized in time.

Voltage transformers (ТН7.1, ТН7.2), as a rule, are installed in the immediate vicinity of the HTSC TOU 2 on both sides. If the HTSC TOU 2 is located at the substation, then, on the one hand, it is possible to use a HP installed in a set of electric and gas switchgear (KRUE) for a voltage of 110 kV, 220 kV.

As a source of voltage measurement, it is possible to use the current lead insulation monitoring system (CIV), based on the capacitive principle.

3) As part of the HTS TOU 2 protection complex, it is also possible to use:

- protection of HTSC TOU 2 against current overload, which is part of the set (6.1, 6.2) of protection of HTSC TOU by resistance. As protection of the HTSC TOU 2 against overload, it is possible to use the maximum current protection (hereinafter referred to as MTZ, shown separately in Fig. 2) with a time delay recommended by the device manufacturer, acting to turn off the line from both sides (the signal is transmitted via the DZL communication channels).

- unit 8 for monitoring the leakage current from the HTS TOU 2 case to the ground (the case is normally grounded through the current transformer TT4.3), which is part of the HTS TOU resistance protection kit (6.1, 6.2), with action on the circuit breakers (3.1, 3.2) from both sides (the signal is transmitted via DZL communication channels) in case of internal damage of the HTSC TOU 2;

Also, as part of the GLC (6.1, 6.2) HTSC TOU, the following functions can be additionally implemented:

- circuit breaker failure backup device (RCF, not shown);

- blocking in the event of a voltage circuit failure (BNN, not shown),

as well as the functions of fixing the operation of protections, the operation of interlocks, recording oscillograms of emergency processes.

For the protection complex of the HTS TOU 2, power is supplied from the operational direct current system on line 1 and the backup battery.

Due to the sequence of operation of the set (6.1, 6.2) of protection of the HTS TOU by resistance, it is possible to evaluate the behavior of the HTS TOU 2 in a resistive state and reduce the number of unnecessary disconnections of the line with the HTS TOU 2 from the network, in cases where it is possible to restore the HTS TOU 2 under load.

The set (6.1, 6.2) for protecting the HTSC TOU by resistance monitors and registers changes in the current values of resistance (Rt) and the derivative of the resistance (dR / dt) of the HTSC TOU in real time with tracking the allowable total duration of the HTSC TOU in the resistive state (the duration of the HTSC TOU 2 under load), incl. in the modes of current limitation and restoration of superconducting properties, compare the obtained values with the limit values from the HTSC TOU 2 manufacturer and issue control signals to turn off line 1.

In accordance with the diagram of the operating modes of the HTSC TOU 2, the set (6.1, 6.2) of the protection of the HTSC TOU by resistance has the following stages of operation (Fig. 3), the designations are given in table 2. Further, the working GLC 6.1 of the HTSC TOU is mentioned:

Stage 1: Continuous monitoring of the resistance values of the HTS TOU 2 in real time.

1. 1 Normal mode of operation of HTSC TOU 2:

- determination of the presence of resistance for HTSC TOU 2 by comparing the current value of resistance Rtek HTSC TOU 2 with the resistance value of HTSC TOU 2 in normal operation Rnorm (value from the manufacturer).

Rcurrent HTSC TOU 2 is calculated as the ratio of the instantaneous phase voltage of HTSC TOU 2 in line 1 in real time, to the instantaneous current through HTSC TOU 2 in line 1 in real time (instantaneous phase current, voltage - any value of current, voltage at the corresponding moment time).

When the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 is less than the resistance value of the HTSC TOU 2 in normal operation mode (Rcurrent < Rnorm), the HTSC TOU 2 continues to operate in normal operation mode.

1. 2 Current limiting mode:

The current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 is greater than the resistance value of the HTSC TOU 2 in normal operation mode (Rcurrent > Rnorm) is defined as the transition of the HTSC TOU 2 to a resistive state, i.e. a short circuit has occurred in the network with a current value higher than the operation current of the HTSC TOU 2, or the overload current of the HTSC TOU 2 is stored in line 1 (I > I pddt during the allowable overload time of the HTSC TOU 2).

- If the value of the resistance Rcurrent HTSC TOU 2 during the action of the short circuit has increased more than the value of the resistance Rrest, above which it is not possible to restore without disconnecting from the network (Rcurrent > Rrest), then the KZS 6.1 HTSC TOU transmits to the switches (3.1, 3.2) of line 1 a signal to disconnect line 1 from the network, in order to ensure the thermal stability of the HTSC TOU 2 with the possibility of taking into account the operation of the breaker (not shown), for a time not less than the maximum recovery time tcool of the HTSC TOU 2 after disconnection.

CBFP performs the function of short-range redundancy. If a short circuit occurs on the protected line 1 and its protection trips, but the circuit breaker (3.1 and/or 3.2) for some reason does not turn off the damaged section, then the breaker after a certain time delay issues a second command to open this circuit breaker (3.1 and /or 3.2), and "CBFP to the adjacent circuit breaker" after another appropriate time delay gives a signal to turn off the adjacent circuit breakers, through which the short circuit point is fed.

The total operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 from the beginning of the current limiting mode to the shutdown, taking into account the operation of the breaker failure, should not be more than 500 ms.

The total duration of the HTSC TOU modes under load is determined by the sequential counting of time for each of the HTSC TOU operating modes from the beginning of the short circuit.

After the HTSC TOU 2 line is disconnected, it automatically switches to the recovery mode without load for a time not exceeding the maximum recovery time tcool of the HTSC TOU 2 after disconnection.

- If Rrec HTSC TOU 2 during the action of short-circuit currents is lower than the value Rrest declared by the manufacturer (Ract < Rrest), then HTSC TOU 2 can be in recovery mode without interrupting the current flow (under load). At the same time, the GLC 6. 1 HTSC TOU monitors and registers in real time the rate of change in the values of the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 up or down in time (Fig. 4). The calculation of the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 is carried out according to the instantaneous values of current and voltage from current transformers TT4.1, TT4.2 and voltage TN7.1, TN7.2.

The physical meaning of the derivative (dR / dt) is the rate of change in the resistance values of the HTSC TOU 2 (the next value in relation to the previous one) over time (the next value in relation to the previous one):

- if the value of the time derivative of the resistance is more than zero (dR/dt > 0), then the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 increases;

- if the value of the time derivative of the resistance is zero (dR/dt = 0), then the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 does not change;

- if the value of the time derivative of the resistance is less than zero (dR/dt < 0), then the current value of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 is reduced.

Thus, on the basis of tracking changes in the values of the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 over time, the next stage of the operation of the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU is launched.

Stage 2: Tracking the values of the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 under load in real time (Fig. 3, 4).

It should be noted that the derivative of the resistance of the HTSC TOU 2 is also monitored in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU 2, while dR/dt ≈ 0.

2. 1 Current limiting mode if dR/dt > 0:

If dR/dt > 0, then the HTSC TOU 2 is in the current limiting mode (resistive state) during the actual time t1. In this case, the actual time t1 of the current limiting mode should not exceed the maximum time tts of operation of the HTSC TOU 2 in the resistive state (current limiting mode, t1 < tts). When the duration of the operation of the HTSC TOU 2 in the resistive state exceeded the maximum time tts (t1 > tts), the GLC 6.1 of the HTSC TOU sends a signal to the switches (3.1, 3.2) of line 1 to disconnect line 1 from the network with the ability to take into account the operation of the breaker failure for a time not less than, than the maximum recovery time tcool HTSC TOU 2 after shutdown.

After the HTSC TOU 2 line is disconnected, it automatically switches to the recovery mode without load for a time not exceeding the maximum recovery time tcool of the HTSC TOU 2 after disconnection.

2.2. Recovery mode if dR/dt < 0:

HTSC TOU 2 is in recovery mode without interruption of current flow (under load) if the current value of dR/dt shows that the resistance value of HTSC TOU 2 decreases during the time t2 in recovery mode or does not exceed 0 (dR/dt < 0). In this case, the actual time t2 of the recovery mode should not exceed the maximum time trest of the recovery mode (t2 < trest).

At this stage, after the maximum operating time in the recovery mode (trest), the current value of the resistance becomes equal to the value of the resistance in the superconducting state (normal operation, Rcurrent ≤ Rnorm). However, while the HTSC TOU 2 is recovering during the time until trest, a repeated short circuit may occur, for example, K2 (Fig. 2), in which case the HTSC TOU 2 goes into the current limiting mode and begins to gain resistance. GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU defines the transition of HTSC TOU 2 to the current limiting mode as dR / dt > 0 (see above) and takes into account the duration of the current limiting mode, i.e. t1 < tts or t1 > tts, while t1 will not be counted from zero, but will continue to be counted sequentially.

The number of switchings of the HTSC TOU 2 during continuous operation from the recovery mode to the current limiting mode and vice versa is limited by the achievement of the maximum time tts of the HTSC TOU 2 operation in the current limiting mode or trest in the recovery mode.

If during the RW mode the current value has decreased to the resistance values in normal operation mode (Rcurrent < Rnorm, dR/dt < 0) for less than trest (t2<trest), HTSC TOU 2 continues to operate in normal operation mode.

3. Commissioning of the line with HTSC TOU 2 after shutdown.

Commissioning of the line with HTSC TOU 2 after a shutdown is possible after the expiration of the maximum recovery time tcool for HTSC TOU 2 after a shutdown and can be performed manually by the operating personnel of the substation, and using the automatic reclosing function. At the same time, in the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU, it is possible to set the prohibition of automatic switching on when the HTSC TOU 2 is repeatedly turned on with a resistance above Rnorm.

The ratio of the current flowing through the HTSC TOU 2, resistance and duration of the modes of operation of the HTSC TOU 2 is shown in Table 3.

Table 3

The current flowing through the HTSC TOU HTS TOU mode Resistance reflected in GLC HTSC TOU HTS TOU working hours Inom = 1200 A (rms-root mean square value) HP
superconductor Rnorm = 0.1 Ohm Unlimited ∞ From Inom = 1200 A (rms) to
Ipddt = 1440 (rms) RV
superconductor Rnorm = 0.1 Ohm No restrictions on relay protection From Ipddt = 1440 A (rms) to
Israb \u003d 2800 A (rms) THEN
resistive Rnorm = 1 Ohm no more than 1000 ms (tpdt) Isoper > 2800 A (rms) THEN
resistive Rcurrent < 44-53 ohm (without shutdown) up to 500 ms (tts) Isoper > 2800 A (rms) THEN
resistive
Rtech > 44-53 Ohm T operation = 0 ms (shutdown as soon as Rts is exceeded)

The following describes the operation of a relay protection complex for a line with an HTSC TOU in a 220 kV high-voltage network without a shunt element, however, the implementation of the invention is not limited to the examples given.

Semi-sets of longitudinal DZL are connected to currents at the ends of the protected line 1 (at the input of PS2 and at the input of PS3) in such a way that in normal mode and with external short circuits, the geometric sum of the current vectors is equal to zero, and in case of a short circuit on the protected line, the short circuit current.

DZL (5.1, 5.2) has absolute selectivity and operates at different current directions at the ends of line 1 with a small correction for unbalance currents. The unbalance current is calculated for each line separately. In the given examples, the response time of the DZL (5.1, 5.2) from the beginning of the short circuit, i.e. disconnection of line 1 from the network in the event of a short circuit is approximately 50 - 60 ms.

The use of a set (6.1, 6.2) of HTSC TOU resistance protections makes it possible to harmonize the operation of protections in the network adjacent to the HTSC TOU 2. Those. KZS (6.1, 6.2) HTSC TOU is triggered by any resistance in HTSC TOU 2, regardless of which line (section) of the network has a short circuit.

Let's consider possible short circuit options and trace the operation of protections in the network, in particular, in line 1 of the HTSC TOU 2 installation and adjacent lines (for example, in the line to PS1, line PS3-PS4).

a) In the event of a short circuit in the line of the HTSC TOU installation (K, K1, Fig. 2, line 1)

In this case, the emergency section of the network (line 1) coincides with the installation site of the HTSC TOU 2. Line 1 is protected by two sets of main line protections (DZL5.1 - working, DZL5.2 - reserve), two sets of protection HTSP TOU 2 by resistance (KZS6 .1 - working, KZS6.2 - reserve). It is possible to use GLC HTSC TOU, including overload protection (MTP) HTSC TOU 2 and block 8 leakage current control.

The action of the main protection (DZL 5.1 with a trip setting, without time delay) begins approximately 20-25 ms from the beginning of the short circuit in line 1. Line 1 is disconnected by the action of DZL 6.1 on switches (3.1, 3.2) on both sides of line 1.

Switching devices are traditionally used as line breakers, which quickly turn on or off individual lines and electrical equipment in normal or emergency mode, controlled manually, remotely or automatically.

HTSC TOU 2 at short-circuit currents operates in a resistive state and switches to the current limiting mode (TO) in less than 4 milliseconds (0.0004 s).

The shutdown time of the HTSC TOU 2 with a set of 6.1 resistance protections, taking into account the operation of the breaker failure, does not exceed 500 ms.

GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU determines the transition of HTSC TOU 2 to the TO mode, as the value Rcurrent > Rnorm, at the same moment the countdown of the operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 in the resistive state (TO mode, the actual time of the TO mode is t1) and the current value of the derivative of the resistance with respect to time (dR/dt).

If Rcurrent < Rrest, the value of the time derivative of the resistance dR/dt < 0, then the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU switches to counting the operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 in the recovery mode (RT mode, the actual time of the RT mode is t2) up to trest (6000 ms).

If Rcurrent < Rrest, the value of the time derivative of the resistance dR/dt > 0, then the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU counts the operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 in the TO mode until tc (500 ms) is reached.

If Rcurrent > Rrest, the value of the time derivative of the resistance, as a rule, immediately rises to dR / dt > 0, then the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU disconnects the line without counting the operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 under load. Shutdown is carried out taking into account the operation of the breaker after exceeding Rrest.

After the HTSC TOU 2 is turned off, the resistance protection set 6.1 counts the cooling time of the HTSC TOU 2 (PR mode) until tcool is reached (up to 4700 ms), after which line 1 with the HTSC TOU 2 can be put into operation, both automatically and by the operating personnel of the PS .

A short circuit on the HTS TOU 2 buses or inside the HTS TOU 2 is a special case of a short circuit in line 1 with the HTS TOU 2 (point K in Fig. 2). Taking into account such short circuits, the HTS TOU 2 can be equipped with a block 8 for monitoring the leakage current from the HTS TOU 2 case to the ground (in the case of an internal short circuit to the HTS TOU 2 case). The current control data from the HTSC TOU 2 case is sent to the KZS 6.1 HTSC TOU, as a backup line protection. Disconnection of the line by the action of KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU in case of excess current from the case of HTSP TOU 2 to switches (3.1, 3.2) on both sides of line 1.

If the switch (3.1 and / or 3.2) for some reason does not disconnect the damaged section from the main protection of the DZL 5.1. Taking into account such situations, KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU can be equipped with overload protection (MTP) HTSP TOU 2.

- If I > I pddt during the allowable overload time of the HTS TOU 2, then the HTS TOU 2 should be disconnected from the network.

The overcurrent setting is selected based on the long-term permissible current of the HTSC TOU 2. The holding time (tout) for the MT should be determined as the time to reach the resistance value (Rrest) of the HTSC TOU 2, at which it is possible to restore the resistance to Rnorm without disconnecting the HTSC TOU 2 from the network under conditions of the highest possible load on the HTSC TOU 2 during short circuit. The approximate dwell time is 200 ms (manufacturer's data). At the same time, since the time delay of the MTC is always less than the thermal resistance of the HTSC TOU 2, then the MTC can be used as part of the GLC (6.1, 6.2) of the HTSC TOU also during the maintenance of the main protections of line 1.

However, these additional line protections are optional.

b) In the event of an external short circuit relative to line 1 of the HTSC TOU 2 installation (point K2, K4, Fig. 2, line to PS1, line PS3-PS4).

In this case, the emergency section of the network does not coincide with the installation site of the HTSC TOU 2.

Each of the lines in the network without an installed HTS TOU 2 (line to PS1, PS3-PS4 line) are protected by at least one set of basic protections and backup protection of the line (for example, KSZ). Those. in case of a short circuit, the lines are switched off by the protections installed on the indicated lines in about 50-60 ms during normal operation. In this case, DZL (5.1, 5.2) in line 1 with HTSC TOU 2 will not work.

To turn off the HTSC TOU 2, the KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU will operate in accordance with the sequence described above: if Rrest is exceeded during the operation of the main protections of the other line, then the KZS 6.1 HTSP TOU disconnects line 1 without counting the operating time of the HTSC TOU 2 under load or, if Rrest is not is exceeded, when this is exceeded dR / dt > 0, then line 1 will be turned off when tc (500 ms) is reached and / or the overcurrent protection function in the GLC (6.1) of the HTSC TOU will operate when the maximum long-term current is exceeded (Iddt with a time delay tdt = tddt = 1000ms).

If turning off the HTSC TOU 2 was not required, then the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU monitors the modes of operation of the HTSC TOU 2 by the resistance values of the HTSC TOU 2 and the values of the derivative of the HTSC TOU 2, taking into account the duration of each of the modes of operation of the HTSC TOU 2 under load.

In the RT mode under load, the HTSC TOU 2 can be located for no more than 6000 ms (6 s). In maintenance mode - no more than 500 ms (0.5 s).

In the TO mode with dR/dt > 0, the HTSC TOU 2 can stay in total no more than 500ms, in the RT mode with dR /dT < 0, - no more than 6000ms.

An example of time counting by the total duration of each of the HTSC TOU 2 modes under load with repeated short circuits, which is performed by GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU:

Closing Rcurrent > Rnorm - the transition of the HTSC TOU 2 to the current-limiting mode; at the same time, Rcurrent < Rrest and dR/dt < 0 are monitored, which occurs, for example, within 100 ms, after which the GLC 6.1 HTSC TOU registers the transition of the HTSC TOU 2 to the recovery mode under load for up to 6000 ms, for example, the duration of the mode РВ 1000ms, a re-closing occurs - the damaged line is disconnected within 180 ms of protecting the line (for example, PS3-PS4), on which the short circuit, - in fact, at the same time, the GLC 6.1 HTSP TOU registers the transition of the HTSP TOU 2 to the current limiting mode for 180 ms, while (at the moment of disconnection of the damaged line) Rtek < Rrest, dR/dT < 0, - transition of the HTSC TOU 2 to the recovery mode under load, the remaining time until the HTSC TOU is turned off in the PB mode = 5000 ms - 1000 ms = 4000 ms. In this case, the remaining time until the HTSC TOU is turned off in the TO mode = 500 ms - 100 ms - 180 = 220 ms. However, the resistance value of the HTSC TOU decreased to Rcurrent < Rnorm and the HTSC TOU switched to normal operation. Thus, the total operating time of the HTSC TOU under load was = 100 ms + 1000 ms + 180 ms + 4000 ms, of which 280 ms in the TO mode, 5000 ms in the RW mode.

Thus, due to the relay protection complex proposed in the claimed invention, taking into account the non-linear resistance of the HTSC TOU in the high-voltage network line without a shunt element and the method of protecting the HTSC TOU, which takes into account the change in current values of the current, the resistance of the HTSC TOU and the total duration of continuous operation of the HTSC TOU under load in a high-voltage network with a non-linear resistance characteristic, the claimed technical result is achieved.

Claims (26)

1. A complex of relay protections for a line with a current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) for a high-voltage network without a shunt element, containing at least one line differential protection kit configured to shut down a line with a current limiting device (TOD) based on high temperature superconductors in accordance with the unbalance current limit value; at least one high-temperature superconductor current-limiting resistance protection kit configured to disconnect the line with the high-temperature superconductor current-limiting device; in this case, the disconnection of the line with the current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors is carried out in accordance with the current resistance value and the total duration of the operating modes of the current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors in the resistive state. 2. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which the line with an HTSC TOU is disconnected by the action of a differential protection kit on the line switches without time delay according to the setting. 3. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which the line with the HTSC TOU is disconnected by the HTSC TOU protection kit by resistance without time delay at the current value of the HTSC TOU resistance is higher than the value of the HTSC resistance TOU, at which it is possible to restore without interruption the current flow through the HTSC TOU to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU. 4. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTS TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 3, in which the duration of the HTS TOU operation mode without current flow is determined by the HTS TOU protection kit by resistance in accordance with the maximum recovery time of the HTS TOU after a trip. 5. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which the total duration of the HTSC TOU modes in the resistive state is determined by sequential timing for each of the HTSC TOU operating modes from the beginning of a short circuit. 6. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which the total duration of the HTSC TOU modes in the resistive state is determined taking into account the value of the time derivative of the resistance as the maximum operating time of the HTSC TOU in the current limiting mode and the mode recovery. 7. A relay protection complex for a line with an HTS TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which at least one set of line differential protection is connected to at least two measuring current transformers, and at least one set of protection HTS TOU connected by resistance to at least two measuring voltage transformers and at least one measuring current transformer. 8. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 7, in which the measuring voltage transformers are connected by wires to the contact pad on the current leads of the HTSC TOU. 9. A relay protection complex for a line with an HTSC TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 7, in which a voltage transformer is used on one side of the high-voltage network line, installed in a set of electrogas switchgear, corresponding to the line voltage. 10. A relay protection complex for a line with an HTS TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which, as part of the HTS TOU resistance protection kit, the HTS TOU protection against overcurrent is used. 11. A complex of relay protections for a line with an HTS TOU for a high-voltage network without a shunt element according to claim 1, in which, as part of the HTS TOU protection kit, a block for monitoring the leakage current from the HTS TOU casing to the ground with action on the line switches from both sides is used as part of the resistance protection kit. . 12. A method for protecting a current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element, including: monitoring the current value in the installation line of the high temperature superconductor current limiting device and the resistance value of the high temperature superconductor current limiting device by at least one line protection relay; also tracking the total duration of operating modes of a current-limiting device based on high-temperature superconductors in a resistive state, including determining changes in the value of the derivative of resistance with respect to time; and determining whether to disconnect the line from the high voltage network if at least one of said values is above the limit value, and issuing a signal to disconnect the line from at least one protection relay if at least one of said values is above the limit value. 13. The method of protecting the HTS TOU in the high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 12, in which the monitoring of the current value in the high-voltage network line is carried out by the line differential protection kit, and the monitoring of the resistance value of the HTS TOU and the total duration of the HTS TOU operating modes in the resistive state with determination of changes in the value of the derivative of resistance with respect to time is carried out by the protection kit of the HTSC TOU in terms of resistance. 14. The method for protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 13, in which the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network and disconnect the line, the line differential protection kit performs an action on the line switches without time delay according to the setting, if exceeded unbalance current limit. 15. The method of protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 13, in which the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the resistance of the HTS TOU and, if it exceeds the resistance value of the HTS TOU, at which it is possible restoration to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU, then the trip is performed by the protection kit of the HTSC TOU on resistance by acting on the line switches. 16. The method of protecting the HTS TOU in the high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 13, in which the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out by the total duration of the operating modes of the HTS TOU in the resistive state with the determination of changes in the value of the derivative of the resistance with respect to time and , if the total duration of one of the modes exceeds the maximum operating time of the HTSC TOU in a resistive state, then the line is disconnected by the HTS TOU protection kit against the resistance by acting on the line switches. 17. A method for protecting an HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 12, in which the monitoring of the values of the current in the line, the resistance of the HTS TOU and the total duration of the operating modes of the HTS TOU in the resistive state with the determination of changes in the value of the derivative of the resistance with respect to time is performed by the protection kit HTSC TOU by resistance. 18. The method of protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 17, in which the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the resistance of the HTS TOU and, if it exceeds the resistance value of the HTS TOU, at which it is possible restoration to the resistance value in the normal mode of operation of the HTSC TOU, then the line is disconnected. 19. A method for protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 18, in which the determination of whether to disconnect the line from the high-voltage network is carried out according to the current value of the current in the line and, if it exceeds the limit value, then the line is disconnected from high-voltage network with protection of the HTSC TOU against overcurrent with a time delay. 20. A method for protecting the HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 12, in which to calculate the resistance value of the HTS TOU, data on the voltage difference from the measuring voltage transformers and data on the current value from one of the measuring current transformers of the line are used. 21. The method of protecting the HTS TOU in the high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 12, which uses data on the voltage difference from measuring voltage transformers connected to the current leads of the HTS TOU, while using a voltage transformer installed in the kit on one side of the line electrogas distribution devices, corresponding to the line voltage. 22. A method for protecting an HTS TOU in a high-voltage network line without a shunt element according to claim 12, in which the determination of changes in the value of the derivative of resistance with respect to time is defined as the next value of resistance and time with respect to the previous one, respectively.

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