RU2776626C1 - Jet steering system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to systems for reverse-steering control of a water jet. The jet propulsion steering system is a hydraulic circuit, which consists of a hydraulic fluid reservoir, an oil-water heat exchanger, an oil filter, a hydraulic pump and a safety valve. The hydraulic circuit includes a hydrostatic steering nozzle control system, which consists of a metering pump having a direct connection to the steering wheel shaft and a steering hydraulic cylinder connected to the metering pump, and also includes a hydraulic control system for the reverse stroke bucket. The hydraulic system consists of an electric hydraulic distributor connected to the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket, equipped with a double-acting hydraulic lock and a position sensor of the reverse bucket.

EFFECT: reduced effort on the steering system controls and the jet reversing system, as well as the smoothness and accuracy of the stroke of the working bodies.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, and in particular to systems for reverse-steering control of a water jet.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a reduction in effort on the controls of the steering system and the reverse system of the jet propulsion, as well as the smoothness and accuracy of the stroke of the working bodies.

The technical task to achieve the above goal is to develop a hydrostatic steering system for the steering nozzle and a hydraulic control system for the reverse bucket, combined into one circuit, the design of which will reduce the effort on the controls of the steering system and the reverse system of the jet propulsion, as well as the smoothness and accuracy of the stroke working bodies.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved by using hydraulic equipment in the steering system and the reversal system.

Both systems are combined into one circuit, which includes a reservoir for hydraulic fluid (10), an oil-water heat exchanger (8) and a hydraulic pump (12).

The main elements of the hydrostatic steering system are: a metering pump (1) and a steering hydraulic cylinder (11).

A dosing pump (1), for example, of a gerotor or axial piston type, installed at the boat control station, ensures the distribution and supply of hydraulic fluid to the necessary working cavities of the steering hydraulic cylinder (11) in accordance with the direction of rotation of the steering wheel (2). The metering pump (1) is equipped with a spool-type servo valve, which is directly connected to the handwheel shaft (2). In the middle position of the handwheel (2), the spool is in the neutral position and the hydraulic fluid supplied by the hydraulic pump (12) flows through the hydraulic distributor into the drain line T. When the handwheel (2) is turned, the spool turns and opens the channel for the passage of hydraulic fluid from the pressure line P through the hydraulic distributor into the channel corresponding to the rotation of the steering wheel (2) and then into the corresponding cavity of the steering hydraulic cylinder (11). Displaced by the piston, hydraulic fluid from the second cavity of the steering hydraulic cylinder (11) is drained through the hydraulic distributor into the drain line T. ) stops working and remains in the position corresponding to the angle of rotation of the handwheel (2). A safety valve is installed in the metering pump housing (1) to protect the metering pump (1) and steering hydraulic cylinder (11) from overload.

The steering hydraulic cylinder (11), which is the executive body, is installed in the aft part of the engine compartment and is connected to the steering nozzle by means of a swivel rod with articulated joints passing through the transom. The steering hydraulic cylinder (11) rotates the steering nozzle in a horizontal plane.

The hydraulic control system of the reversing bucket consists of an electric hydraulic distributor (6), a hydraulic cylinder of the reversing bucket (4) with a hydraulic lock (5) and a safety valve (7).

The electric hydraulic distributor (6) ensures the distribution of hydraulic fluid flows into the necessary working cavities of the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4). The electrohydraulic distributor (6) consists of a body with a central axial bore, with a spool, and channels for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid. Electromagnetic coils are installed on the sides of the body, which ensure the movement of the spool. When power is applied to the corresponding coil, the spool, moving inside the housing, opens the corresponding channel for the passage of hydraulic fluid from the pressure line P into the necessary working cavity of the reverse bucket hydraulic cylinder (4). Displaced by the piston, the hydraulic fluid from the second cavity of the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4) is drained through the electrohydraulic distributor (4) into the drain line T. In the absence of power to the electromagnetic coils, the spool is in the neutral position and the hydraulic fluid supplied by the hydraulic pump (12) enters through the electrohydraulic distributor (6) into drain line T.

Due to the fact that the electric hydraulic valve (6) works with an electric drive, in a particular case of execution, it is possible to combine it with the gas handle of the power plant and, thus, the control of the jet propulsion unit and the power plant can be carried out with one handle according to the following algorithm: the neutral position of the handle corresponds to idle the course of the power plant and the average position of the reverse bucket; the forward position of the reverse handle corresponds to the increase in the speed of the power plant and the upper position of the reverse bucket. Returning the throttle handle to the neutral position ensures that the engine speed is reduced to idle and the reverse bucket returns to the middle position. The algorithm for turning on the reverse gear is carried out in a similar way.

The hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4) is mounted on the body of the jet propulsion unit from the side of the engine compartment and is connected to the reverse bucket by a rod with a swivel joint. During the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4), the rod performs longitudinal-translational movements, moving the reverse bucket from the lower working position to the upper non-working position and vice versa.

The hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4) is equipped with a double-acting hydraulic lock (5), which ensures that the reverse bucket is held in any intermediate static position in the absence of pressure in the P line.

The hydraulic lock (5) consists of a body with a central axial bore, channels for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid and working channels. Check valves are installed in the central axial bore, blocking the working channels. Between the check valves in the central bore there is a control element communicated with the channels for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid. When pressure is applied to one of the channels for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid, the control element opens both check valves, thereby ensuring free supply and drainage of hydraulic fluid through the hydraulic lock (5). In the absence of pressure, the check valves close the working channels, thereby locking the hydraulic fluid in both cavities of the reverse bucket hydraulic cylinder (4), ensuring that the movement of the reverse bucket hydraulic cylinder rod (4) is stopped, followed by holding it in the position corresponding to the moment when the hydraulic lock (5) is turned off.

To determine the value of the angular displacement of the reverse bucket, a position sensor (3) is used. In the extreme positions of the reverse bucket, the position sensor ensures that the electric hydraulic distributor (6) is turned off, thereby stopping the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4).

To prevent overheating of the hydraulic fluid, a tubular water-oil heat exchanger (8) is installed in the drain line. Outboard water supplied by the operation of the impeller to the water-oil heat exchanger (8), cools the hydraulic fluid and then drains overboard.

An oil filter (9) is installed in the hydraulic system to remove parts wear products.

The system is equipped with a reservoir for hydraulic fluid (10) to provide the volume of hydraulic fluid necessary for the operation of the hydraulic equipment.

To create the necessary working pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the system, a hydraulic pump (12), for example, of a gear or axial piston type, is used. The hydraulic pump is mounted on the jet propulsion body from the side of the engine compartment. Torque is transmitted to the hydraulic pump shaft from the propeller shaft of the jet propulsion unit by means of a belt drive.

Brief description of the drawing:

The figure 1 shows the hydraulic diagram of the steering system and reverse bucket control.

1 - dispenser pump;

2 - steering wheel;

3 - reverse bucket position sensor;

4 - hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket;

5 - hydraulic lock;

6 - electrohydraulic distributor;

7 - safety valve;

8 - water-oil heat exchanger;

9 - oil filter;

10 - reservoir for hydraulic fluid;

11 - steering hydraulic cylinder;

12 - hydraulic pump.

Implementation of the stated solution:

Before starting operation, the user performs an external visual inspection of the hydraulic system connections for the presence of hydraulic fluid leakage, as well as the presence of the required amount of hydraulic fluid in the tank (10).

Next, the user starts the power plant of the boat. When connecting the jet propulsion unit and the power plant, organized directly, the user, at idle speed of the power plant, checks the operation of the hydrostatic steering system of the nozzle by shifting the steering wheel (2) from the extreme right to the extreme left position, and also checks the operation of the hydraulic control system of the reverse bucket move by moving the reverse handle from the “back” position to the “forward” position. The rods of the steering hydraulic cylinder (11) and the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4) should move smoothly without jerks and jamming. When connecting the water jet and the power plant organized, for example, through a gearbox or a disengageable clutch, the user connects the water jet to the power plant and then, at idle speed of the power plant, checks the systems in the manner described above.

When connecting the water jet propulsion unit and the power plant, organized directly, the parking of the boat with the operating power plant is carried out at idle speed of the power plant and in the middle position of the reverse bucket. The average position of the reverse bucket provides a partial overlap of the steering nozzle, in which the outgoing jet of water is divided by the reverse bucket into oppositely directed and equivalent flows in terms of driving force. Thus, the movement of the boat is almost completely excluded.

When connecting a jet propulsion unit and a power plant, organized, for example, through a gearbox or a disconnected clutch, the boat with a running power plant is parked with the jet propulsion turned off.

Next, the user starts the movement of the boat. When connecting a jet propulsion unit and a power plant, organized directly, the user, without increasing the speed of the power plant, moves the reverse handle from the middle position to the position corresponding to the selected direction of movement. The electrohydraulic distributor (6) opens the channel for supplying hydraulic fluid from line P to the corresponding cavity of the hydraulic cylinder of the reverse bucket (4), which in turn moves the rod connected to the reverse bucket through a swivel joint. Further, the user smoothly increases the speed of the power plant with the throttle handle. In the presence of, for example, a gearbox or a disengageable clutch, the user, before moving the reverse handle to the required position, connects the jet propulsion unit to the power plant.

To brake or move the boat in reverse, the user switches the power plant to idle mode with the throttle handle, then, using the reverse handle, moves the reverse bucket to the lower working position and gradually increases the speed of the power plant.

The user changes the course of the boat by controlling the rotation of the steering nozzle. When the user turns the steering wheel (2), the spool of the metering pump (1) opens the channel for supplying hydraulic fluid from line P to the corresponding cavity of the steering hydraulic cylinder (11). The steering hydraulic cylinder (11) rotates the rotary rod, which in turn acts on the steering nozzle through the swivel joint. After turning the steering wheel (2) to the required angle and holding it in this position, the follower mechanism is activated, the holes in the hydraulic distributor are blocked, the steering hydraulic cylinder (11) stops working and remains in the position corresponding to the steering wheel (2) rotation angle.

When the boat is parked, the user uses the reverse handle to set the reverse bucket to the middle position and stops the engine.

Claims (1)

Jet propulsion steering system, which is a hydraulic circuit consisting of a reservoir for hydraulic fluid, a water-oil heat exchanger, an oil filter, a hydraulic pump and a safety valve, including a hydrostatic steering nozzle control system, consisting of a metering pump having a direct connection to the steering wheel shaft and a steering hydraulic cylinder connected to the metering pump, and also including a hydraulic control system for the reverse stroke bucket, consisting of an electric hydraulic distributor connected to the reverse bucket hydraulic cylinder, equipped with a double-acting hydraulic lock and a reverse bucket position sensor.

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