RU2776430C2 - Disc brake, brake support of disc brake, as well as clamp and sheet spring for attachment of brake pads of disc brake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: car industry.

SUBSTANCE: disc brake with brake support (1) embraces from above a brake disc rotated on axis (A) and brake pads (2, 3) located on its both sides in niche (6), with clamping system (8) provided across above brake pads (2, 3), made of rigid clamp (7) and sheet spring (9). In this case, clamp (7) has middle section (7b) forming the most part of its entire length, provided above niche (6) of the pad, and two end sections (7a, 7c), rests in the direction to axis (A) of rotation of the brake disc on brake pads (2, 3), and at least partially extends with its first end section (7a) to slot (14) of brake support (1). At the same time, sheet spring (9) extends in the longitudinal direction of clamp (7) and spring-elastically rests on the outer side of clamp (7) facing away from brake pads (2, 3). First end section (7a) of clamp (7) is deflected relatively to middle section (7b) in order to make the attachment of elements of the clamping system easier from the point of view of a mounting and manufacturing technique, without loosening the attachment.

EFFECT: durability, ease in a mounting and manufacturing technique.

29 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates primarily to a disc brake with a brake caliper that encloses a brake disc rotated on an axle from above and brake linings located on both sides in a niche (shaft) of the brake lining, with a clamping system of a fixed clamp and a leaf spring passing transversely over the brake linings, moreover, the clamp has a middle section, which forms a large part of its entire length, drawn above the lining niche and two end sections, rests in the direction of the axis of the disc brake on the brake linings and passes with its first end section into the slot of the brake caliper, and moreover, the leaf spring extends in the longitudinal direction of the clamp and spring-elastic rests on the outer side of the clamp facing away from the brake linings.

Further, the invention relates to a brake caliper of a disc brake of a vehicle with a lining niche for receiving brake linings and a disc brake rotating on the brake disc axle, and with a slot for fixing one end of a pressing system extending on the outer side of the brake caliper above the lining niche, the slot being limited at least least by the rear wall, the upper inner surface facing the axis and the lower inner surface facing away from the axis.

Further, the invention relates to a clamp for fixing brake linings in a disc brake with a longitudinal extent and a width less significant relative to it, and the clamp has a middle section and two end sections that form a large part of its entire length, drawn above the niche of the disc brake lining.

Finally, the invention relates to a leaf spring of a pressure system for vehicle disc brake linings, with two main sides and successive first spring end, middle spring portion and second spring end.

A disc brake of this kind, a brake caliper of this kind, a clamp of this kind and a leaf spring of this kind are known partly collectively, partly as separate elements from EP 1 898 115 B1. In order to fasten and fix the brake linings located in the disc brake caliper lining niche, a two-piece clamping system extends over the lining niche and at the same time transversely over the brake linings located in the lining niche. The rigidly made clamp of the clamping system is supported in the direction of the axis of the disc brake to the brake linings. The support is carried out with a spring force, for which a leaf spring fixed at its ends relative to the brake caliper passes along the clamp. It applies down pressure to the disc brake axle, whereby the brake linings are held in their respective positions in the brake caliper or brake carrier. The clamp is of such length that it protrudes at one end to the recess in the brake caliper. The peripheral contour of the recess is adapted to the contour of the cross section of the clamp, as a result of which the clamp is fixed both radially relative to the axis of the disc brake and transversely to it, that is, in the circumferential direction of the brake disc. However, due to the significant adaptation to the cross-section of the clamp, the recess cannot simply be made, but rather special milling tools are required for its manufacture.

Therefore, the invention is based on the task of creating a fastening of elements of the clamping system that is simpler in installation and manufacturing techniques without this fastening being fragile.

To this end, in the case of a disc brake with the features indicated at the outset, it is proposed that the first end pressing portion extending into a slot in the brake caliper is deflected relative to the middle pressing portion.

From the point of view of mounting technology, this has the advantage that the clamp, preferably in an oblique passing motion, can move into the slot of the brake caliper. Associated with this is a particularly space-saving and, despite this, solution that leads to a stable clamping position. Therefore, a space-saving (compact) solution in the case of a vehicle disc brake is particularly advantageous, since on the outer side of the brake caliper there is only one small radial distance to the vehicle wheel or vehicle wheel rim rotating around the brake caliper. Only a very limited space is available directly in the region of the recess of the trim for stable fastening of the press, respectively, of the structural module of the press and the leaf spring.

By arranging the slot in the brake caliper, which receives the ends of the clamp and the leaf spring, obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation of the brake disc, this end of the clamping system can be mounted stably on the brake caliper with a small footprint.

Particularly preferred here is an embodiment in which the angle at which the slot is located relative to the axis of rotation of the brake disc is between 10° and 35°, and preferably between 15° and 25°. Accordingly, one implementation of the clamp provides that its first end section is deflected relative to the middle section at an angle of from 10 to 35°, preferably from 15 to 25°. In particular, an angle of about 20° is preferred. Thus, it is advantageous if the slot has the same inclination with respect to the middle section as the first end section of the clamp. This means that both the first end section of the press and the spline are inclined relative to the axis of the brake disc at the same angle. From a manufacturing point of view, this can be easily realized.

Preferably, the slot is suitably open in the lateral pressing direction. That is, the slot is limited only by the rear wall, the upper inner surface facing the axis of rotation of the brake disc and the lower inner surface.

Due to this simple and laterally open shape of the slot, it can be easily produced, for example, directly by casting or by simply cutting the brake caliper with a milling tool. In this way, the upper inner surface, the lower inner surface and the back wall of the slot can be easily formed and machined. This machining can be carried out in a single machining motion by means of a disc milling cutter by inserting it in an oblique motion in the direction of the slot depth into the brake caliper. The rear wall of the slot therefore has the shape of a circular arc.

Additionally, it is possible to move the disc cutter slightly to the side after it has been inserted as far as possible in the direction of the slot depth, and only then pull it back. With this manufacture, the rear wall of the slot is made up of a straight middle section and circular arc sections steplessly adjacent to it, the circle centers of which are outside the brake caliper, and preferably are located above the lining niche.

Further, according to the invention, there is an advantage in that the recess located at the first end section of the press is open towards the rear wall of the slot, as well as towards its upper and lower inner surfaces, and in the lateral direction on both sides is limited by the side sections of the press.

Preferably, this recess has a U-shaped contour. In the mounted state, the opening of the U-shaped notch located at the end is opposite to the rear wall of the slot located on the side of the caliper. The leaf spring engages at one end in said recess, preferably with its entire width.

Further, in particular, it is preferable that the leaf spring rests resiliently at least on the upper inner surface of the slot and on the outside on the middle pressing area. This ensures, on the one hand, that the clamp is fastened vertically to the axis of the brake disc with respect to the brake inserts or brake linings and, on the other hand, with respect to the brake caliper. By means of such a simple fastening, the manufacturing costs for said components are significantly reduced.

With respect to the clamp and its stability, it is preferable if, at least in its middle section, it is formed in the form of a trough from a longitudinally extended base and side walls located on the sides of this base. These two side walls can be further elongated in that they are located not only along the base, but also along the first end section.

With respect to the brake caliper according to the invention, it is proposed that at least the upper inner surface of the slot formed in the brake caliper is inclined at an angle to the axis of rotation of the brake disc. This angle is preferably between 10 and 35°, and particularly preferably between 15 and 25°.

In order to avoid weakening of the brake caliper in the area of the clamping system attachment, one particularly preferred embodiment of the brake caliper provides that the thickness of the material that the brake caliper has between the upper inner surface of the slot and the outer side of the brake caliper increases based on the lining recess. Preferably, this material thickness increases in the form of an expanding wedge.

Due to the fact that the manufacture of the spline can be carried out by means of a standard disk cutter, it is preferable that the lower inner surface of the spline is also inclined at an angle to said axis, the lower inner surface being preferably parallel to the upper inner surface.

As a result of the use of a rotating disc cutter, the rear wall of the slot is shaped in such a way that this rear wall runs in a circular arc, the center of the circle of which is outside the brake caliper and preferably above the lining recess. Additionally, it is possible to move the disc cutter slightly to the side after it has been inserted as far as possible in the direction of the slot depth, and only then pull it back out. With such a production, the rear wall of the slot is composed of a straight middle section and circular arc sections steplessly adjacent to it, the center of the circle of which is outside the brake caliper, and preferably is located above the lining niche.

With respect to the respective clamp, it is suggested that the first end portion of the clamp is deflected relative to the middle portion.

Preferably, the first end portion of the press is provided with a recess for engaging/receiving the leaf spring.

This, together with other disc brake components, makes it easier to mount the clamp relative to the brake caliper and the brake inserts or brake linings. This is especially facilitated if the first end section is inclined relative to the middle section at an angle of 10 to 35°, preferably 15 to 25°.

The recess in the area of the first end section of the press preferably has a U-shaped contour and is limited laterally on both sides by the side sections of the press. In the case of such side sections, it is obviously not a question of individual structural components. On the contrary, the recess is made in a preformed clamp, for example by stamping or milling. Also, the recess can be formed directly during the manufacture of the clamp. The notch is open up and down, as well as on the end side away from the clamp.

Preferably, the clamp, at least in its middle section, is made in the form of a trough from a longitudinally extended base and side walls located on the sides of this base. They, among other things, contribute to increased pressure.

The width of the chute is preferably equal to the width of the recess in the end section of the press.

With regard to the clamp and its stability, it can be advantageous if said two side walls are further elongated in that they are located not only along the base, but also along the first end section. These additional sections of the side walls can serve to provide additional lateral support for the clamp located in the slot of the brake caliper.

Further, it is preferred that the termination of the first end portion forms an end face which extends along a circular arc, the center of which is outside the pressing and preferably above the middle portion.

With regard to the leaf spring according to the invention, it is proposed that the termination of the spring ends is formed respectively by positive locking elements, which, with respect to the main sides of the leaf spring, extend in opposite directions away from the main sides, so that the first positive locking element is located on the first main side, and the second positive locking element - on the second main side. In addition, the leaf spring has at least two kinks or kinks in the spring middle section, respectively, with the opposite direction of the kink. The outer side of the bend closest to the first spring end is on the second main side, and the outer side of the at least one other bend is on the first main side of the leaf spring.

The first of these bends is defined in order to adapt the longitudinal shape (travel) of the leaf spring favorably to the shape of the slot and in particular to the oblique stroke of the upper inner surface of the slot. The other bend, on the contrary, is defined in order to abut against the outer side of the clamp and thus load it with a spring force in the direction of the brake linings.

According to one implementation of the leaf spring, the first bend, that is, the bend closest to the first spring end, is located on the first sixth of the entire length of the leaf spring. Preferably, this first bend is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 cm from the first form-fitting element.

The second kink, which in the mounted state is defined to rest on the outside of the clamp, on the contrary, is preferably located on the middle third of the entire length of the leaf spring.

According to one other implementation of the leaf spring, the width of both main sides of the leaf spring remains constant along the entire length of the leaf spring.

Preferred embodiments of the disc brake and clamp are indicated in the respective dependent claims.

Specific implementation of the disc brake, brake caliper, clamp and leaf spring in the following are explained in more detail on the basis of the drawings, which are shown;

1 is a perspective view of a brake caliper of a disc brake of a vehicle, including a lining niche formed in the brake caliper with a brake lining located therein, as well as with a clamping system above said niche,

Fig.2 is an enlarged view of the object from Fig.1, however, without parts of the clamping system completely reproduced in Fig.1,

Figure 3 - objects according to figure 1 in the longitudinal section of the brake caliper,

3a is a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG.

Figure 4 - left area of figure 3 on an enlarged scale,

Fig.5a - left area of Fig.1 on an enlarged scale,

Fig.5b - the same area as in Fig.5, however, with the missing brake lining,

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of only the brake lining with the rear plate facing the observer,

Fig.7 - in perspective view, only the clamp of the clamping system used on the brake caliper,

8 is a perspective view of only the leaf spring used on the brake caliper as a component of the pressure system,

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of only the leaf spring and clamp as essential components of the clamp system,

10 is a perspective view of only the clip used on the brake caliper, which simultaneously serves as a support element and as a locking element,

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the clamp, and

Fig.12 - clamp according to Fig.11 in longitudinal section.

1-3a show the central part of the brake caliper 1 of a disc brake for an industrial vehicle. Fig. 2 shows the brake caliper in an enlarged view, and Fig. 3 and Fig. 3a in longitudinal section. The disc brake may be a sliding caliper type or a fixed caliper type. On each side of the brake disc, shown only by means of its axis A of rotation, is located along a brake lining (FIG. 3). To receive the brake linings 2, 3, the brake caliper 1 is provided with a lining niche 6, over which the lining clamp 7 passes. The lining clamp 7 overlaps the lining niche 6 in such a way that the clamp 7 passes transversely over both brake linings 2, 3, namely the brake lining 2 external to the vehicle and the brake lining 3 internal to the vehicle, which are made differently here.

The brake linings 2, 3 each consist, according to FIG. 4, of the actual friction lining 4 as well as a rear plate 5. The rear plate 5 preferably consists of cast metal. The rear plate 5 serves to improve the distribution of brake pressure over the lining surface. In addition, it assumes the functions of guiding and supporting the brake lining, either on the actual brake caliper 1 or on the brake holder, which is stationary relative to the axis.

Shown separately in FIG. 7, the pad clamp 7 is elongated along its longitudinal center line L1 and extends for the most part of its length parallel to the axis A around which the brake disc rotates. Its first end section 7a shown on the right, i.e. the end of the clamp 7 inner relative to the vehicle, is adopted/located directly in the brake caliper 1, for which the specified first end section 7a of the clamp 7 is located in the slot 14 (Fig. 3) of the brake caliper 1. Another the end section 7c of the presser 7 is indirectly attached to the brake caliper 1 by means of, inter alia, a pin, which will be explained in more detail later.

To fix both brake linings 2, 3 in the niche 6 of the lining, the clamp 7 is made in the form of a rigid bracket and is combined with an elastic-bending leaf spring 9 into a clamping system 8 (figure 3). The task of this two-part pressing system 8 is to fix both brake linings 2, 3 with respect to the lining niche 6 so that the brake linings cannot protrude or fall out radially outward - relative to the axis A of the disc brake - from the lining niche 6 .

The clamp 7 has a trough-shaped cross-section over the predominant part of its entire length, and in particular in its middle section 7b, with a base 7d located on the longitudinal center line L1 of the clamp 7, to which side walls 7e, 7f adjoin along both longitudinal edges of the base 7d, which reinforce the middle section 7b of the pressing 7 with respect to bending forces.

To the flat bottom of the trough formed by the base 7d, which has approximately the width of the leaf spring 9, side walls 7e, 7f adjoin on both sides at an angle between 15 and 90°.

The base 7d of the press rests directly on the upper edge of the back plate 5 located inside the brake lining 3. At the same time, the walls 7e, 7f of the press can be supported laterally, namely by stops 5a on the upper edge of the back plate 5 of the lining. Both stops 5a prevent the clamp 7 from being able to carry out stronger lateral movements relative to the brake lining 3 located inside.

The spring steel leaf spring 9 also extends on the longitudinal center line L1. It is fixed with a spring end 9a in the first spring support, and with the other spring end 9c - in the second spring support. Both mounts are detachable in order to remove the spring 9 and the lining clamp 7 located underneath and thus gain access to the lining niche 6 from the outside in order to replace the brake linings 2, 3.

The leaf spring 9 passes on the outer side of the clamp 7 along it and rests on the outside of the clamp 7, in particular, on its middle section 7b in the area of the base 7d (see Fig.3, 9), as a result of which it is spring loaded to both brake linings 2 , 3. Therefore, the clamp 7, although itself rigid, rests under constant spring force on both brake linings 2, 3 and loads them accordingly with a force directed towards the axis A of rotation.

According to FIGS. 8 and 9, the leaf spring 9 is only supported by a very short longitudinal section 9e in the form of a kink or bend 9e on the outside against the lining clamp 7 . Therefore, in this short longitudinal section, which is located in the middle third of the length of the leaf spring 9 and above the niche 6 of the lining, the leaf spring 9 is provided with a bend, respectively, a kink 9e, which runs across the longitudinal extent of the leaf spring 9. The bend 9e is adjacent on both sides middle sections of the leaf spring. But only with the outer side of the bend 9e, the leaf spring 9 rests against the middle section 7b of the clamp 7. Therefore, only in the place of this discrete contact, the clamp 7 is loaded with a spring force in the direction of the brake linings.

In general, the leaf spring according to FIG. 8 is characterized by its upper main side 9.2, its lower main side 9.1 and successive first spring end 9a, spring middle section 9b and finally second spring section 9c. The leaf spring 9 has a constant width along its entire length, which simplifies production.

The outermost termination of the spring ends 9a, 9c is respectively formed by positively locking elements 10a, 10c, in which case we are talking about deviations (bends) relative to the main extension of the leaf spring. With respect to the main sides 9.1, 9.2, the positive locking elements 10a, 10c extend in opposite directions from the main extension of the leaf spring so that the first positive locking element 10a is on the first main side 9.1, and the second positive locking element 10c is on the second main side 9.2.

The leaf spring 9 in its middle section 9b has two breaks, respectively, bends 9f, 9e of the opposite direction of the bend, of which the outer side of the bend 9f located closest to the first spring end 9a is on the second main side 9.2, the outer side of the other bend 9e, opposite , is on the first main side 9.1.

The bend 9f in the mounted state is directly outside the slot 14 in the brake caliper, i.e. still before the slot opening. In this case, between the bend 9f and the spring end 9a with the positive locking element 10a, there is only one more short, straight spring section 9d. Its length is less than one sixth of the entire length of the leaf spring. First of all, with this short spring section 9d, the leaf spring 9 rests on the upper inner surface 14b of the slot 14 in the brake caliper.

The other, opposite bend 9e, on the contrary, is located in the center and is located on the middle third of the length of the leaf spring in its middle section 9b.

The first spring support for the leaf spring 9 is in the form of a slot inside relative to the vehicle on the brake caliper 1, the second spring support is outside relative to the vehicle next to the cover niche 6. The spring support external to the vehicle for fixing the corresponding spring end 9c of the leaf spring 9 has a pin 13. On the contrary, the brake caliper 1, for forming the spring support internal to the vehicle, is provided with a recess in the form of a slot 14 open to the lining niche 6. It provides space at the same time for the corresponding the end of the clamp 7 and for the corresponding spring end 9a of the leaf spring, namely for the short, less than 3 cm in length end portion of the leaf spring.

For mounting the pressure system 8 from the pressure 7 and the leaf spring 9, it can be advantageous if the ends of these two components, which are inserted in the slot 14 of the brake caliper 1 together in an oblique movement, are fixed relative to each other in the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, the clamp 7 is provided with a notch 7g at this end (FIGS. 7 and 11). Into this recess 7g, the element 10a of the positive lock of the leaf spring 9, bent downwards towards the brake caliper, engages positively, similarly to a hook, into a suitable eye for it. This longitudinal fixation of the leaf spring 9 on the clamp has the effect that, as soon as the end 7a of the clamp 7 is in the slot 14 of the brake caliper 1, the leaf spring 9 is fixed in the longitudinal direction, namely axially caught on the clamp 7. This is achieved by that the height of the slot 14 and the length of the positive locking element 10a, which extends across the slot 14, are measured so that in the slot 14 it is impossible to disconnect/exit the positive locking element 10a from/from the pressing recess 7g.

This measure serves for security and facilitates the subsequent fixation of the clamp 7 and, above all, of the leaf spring 9 at its other end, that is, in the area shown on the left, lying outside the vehicle of the support.

The slot 14 provided in the brake caliper 1 is respectively open in the lateral direction of the press 7 so that the press 14 is limited only by the rear wall 14a, the upper inner surface 14b and the lower inner surface 14c of the brake caliper. In this case, the wall of the slot 14 that faces the axis, respectively, of the rotation axis A of the disc brake, acts as the upper inner surface 14b. The wall of the slot 14 acting as the lower inner surface 14c is that which faces away from the axis, respectively, of the axis A of rotation. Preferably, both inner surfaces 14b, 14c run parallel to each other, that is, in this case, defines a parallel slot.

The clamp 7 at its end section 7a is inclined relative to the middle section 7b, i.e. is inclined. After this deflection, the end portion 7a of the clamp 7 extends completely straight up to the opposite rear wall 14a of the end face 7m, that is to say without bends or breaks. In the assembled state, the center line L1 of the pressing 7 is oriented substantially parallel to the axis A of the disc brake. Only the end section 7a in relation to the center line L1 and thus also to the axis A of the disc brake is inclined, respectively, deflected by 10-35°, preferably by 15-25°, and particularly preferably by 20°.

According to figa slot 14 in the brake caliper 1 is also in the direction of its depth is inclined to the axis A. The angle W of the inclined position relative to the axis A is essentially equal to the deviation of the inclined end portion 7a of the clamp 7. Thus, the leaf spring 9 under the spring force is supported on the upper, facing the axis And the inner surface 14b of the slot 14.

3a illustrates a method for manufacturing a slot 14 with a milling tool F. In such a case, due to the simple shape of the slot 14 with no side walls, it can be easily produced.

The upper inner surface 14b, the lower inner surface 14c parallel to it, and the rear wall 14a of the slot are machined by means of a disk cutter F rotating on the A3 axis in the process of one single feed of the tool, corresponding to the double arrow marked in Fig. 3a. That is, said processing is carried out by means of a single back and forth movement of the disk cutter. These movements are carried out at an angle W and at right angles to the axis A3 of the cutter.

The width of the cutter disk F determines the created height of the slot 14. The indicated feed direction of said cutter F has the consequence that the corresponding rear wall 14a of the slot is not flat, but has the shape of a circular arc, the center of the circle of which lies outside the slot 14. In FIG. and 11, this circumferential arc 27 is illustrated, however, here by means of a reciprocal circumferential contour of the end side 7m of the clamp 7. The imaginary center of the circumferential arc 27 is located outside the brake caliper, namely outside above the niche 8 of the lining.

Alternatively, it is possible for the disk cutter F, after it has been inserted as much as possible in the direction of the depth of the slot 14, to be moved laterally a little and only then to be pulled back. In this case, a rear wall 14a is formed, which is composed of a straight middle section and circular arc sections steplessly adjoining it, the center of the circle at the circular arc sections, in turn, being outside the brake caliper above the niche 6 of the lining.

Due to the fact that the upper inner surface 14b of the spline 14 is inclined at an angle W, an advantage is obtained for the strength of the brake caliper 1. In such a case, the material thickness M (Fig. 3) that the brake caliper 1 has between the upper inner surface 14b and the outer of the brake caliper, increases significantly based on the niche 6 of the lining, namely in the form of an expanding wedge. In addition, valuable space is saved in this important area of the brake caliper 1. This is therefore advantageous because in this region of the outer side of the brake caliper there is only a small radial distance to the vehicle wheel or vehicle rim rotating around the brake caliper. Directly in the area around the niche of the lining there is usually a very limited space for fixing the clamp 7, respectively, the module from the clamp 7 and the leaf spring 9.

The recess 7g is open towards the rear wall 14a, the upper inner surface 14b and the lower inner surface 14c of the slot 14, while in the lateral direction, that is, in the direction of the side openings of the slot 14, on the contrary, it is limited by the side sections 7k of the first end section 7a pressing 7. The side portions 7k also extend obliquely towards the middle portion 7b, since they are components of the first end portion 7a extending generally obliquely towards the middle portion 7b. So, the recess 7g has a U-shape, open up and down, respectively, a contour, and the opening of the U-shaped recess 7g located at the end points in the direction of the rear wall 14a of the slot 14.

According to FIG. 7, the clamp 7 has a smaller width B at its second end section 7c lying outside the vehicle than the comparatively longer, trough-shaped longitudinal section or middle section 7b. The width B at this end section is not greater than the width of the base 7d. First of all, the clamp 7 on this end section is provided with a bend 11 adjacent to the elongated base 7d, in which the clamp 7, starting from the base 7d, first has a first downward bend 11a and, adjacent to it, a second bend 11b in the form of an opposite bend. The second bend 11b - as the end of the clamp 7 external to the vehicle - immediately adjoins a straight longitudinal section 12. Thus, this straight longitudinal section 12 lies deeper, respectively closer to the axis of rotation than the base 7c of the trough-shaped middle section 7b.

Preferably, the S-bend 11 is designed in such a way that its second bend 11b, which directly passes into the straight end section 12, does not directly adjoin the first bend 11a, but there is still a short, straight section 11c between them. Its angle to the grooved longitudinal section is, for example, 110°.

The longitudinal section 12 extends over a length L substantially parallel to the axis of rotation A and offset parallel to the considerably longer trough-shaped middle section 7b. For example, the clamp may have an overall length of approximately 150 mm. Then, the end section 12 passes with an offset of 15–20 mm relative to the base 7d of the trough-like section.

The fold area 11 is reinforced with one and more reinforcing ribs (corrugations) 11d, since the pressure here with width B is relatively thin and bending forces can occur. Preferably, the clamp consists of a stamped and deformed steel sheet with a material thickness of at least 4 mm.

In the case of a pin 13 mounted on a brake caliper, it is non-contactly covered from below by a bend 11 or by a longitudinal section forming the end of the second end section 7c of the clamp 7 (Fig. 4). In spite of this, said end pressing area is caught by the pin 13 located above, so that under no circumstances can it be released outward from the recess 6 of the lining. The fold 11 or the longitudinal section 12 as the end of the second end section 7c of the clamp 7 in the mounted state has such a height distance to the pin 13 that it does not lead to contact.

The clamp 7 rests on top of the rear plates 5 of both brake linings 2, 3 and there is initially movable only in its longitudinal direction, across which, on the contrary, it is held with fixation by means of positive locking lateral elements at the brake linings. Both brake linings 2, 3 are freely movable in the lining niche 6 in the direction of the rotation axis A of the brake disc and are guided in the circumferential direction of the brake disc with some play. This combination of degrees of freedom of movement leads to the fact that the clamp 7 is installed movably, respectively, floating on the brake linings 3 in its longitudinal extent freely, and across it is limited by the brake linings 3. The movement in its longitudinal extent is narrowly limited in the mounted state by means of appropriate stops on brake caliper 1. To do this, the thrust surfaces between which the clamp 7 can move are machined, for example, by milling the brake caliper 1.

In the longitudinal direction of the presser 7, its second end portion 7c is opposed at a short distance by a protrusion 15 molded on the brake caliper 1. Therefore, said protrusion forms a stop that limits the longitudinal movement of the presser 7 outward relative to the vehicle. Preferably, the protrusion 15 extends close to the periphery of the pin 13, although without contact with the pin 13 itself.

The two support brackets 50 molded in one piece with the brake caliper 1 each have one hole in which the pin 13 is located on the axle 13a. In order to prevent the pin 13 from being released in its longitudinal direction from the support brackets 50 and thus from the caliper 1, suitable circlips, cotter pins or the like are provided on the pin 13.

1, 3 show details of mounting the spring end 9c of the leaf spring 9 external to the vehicle on the support. Apart from the pin 13, a component of this spring support is a retaining clip 60, which is connected to the brake caliper 1 by means of the pin 13 with the possibility of rotation around the axis 13a of the pin. spring end 9c. At this spring end 9c, the leaf spring is provided with an upwardly extending positive locking element 10c. The form-fitting element 10c enters the spline-shaped hole 61 in the bracket 60 and thus fixes the rotation position of the bracket 60.

Shown as a separate part in FIG. 10, the bracket 60 is an outer support element for the leaf spring 9 relative to the vehicle. middle section 62 side sections 63 (Fig.10). These side sections are made in the form of tongues 63 and are each provided with one round hole 66 located on the axis 13a. Due to the fact that both holes 66 on the axis 13a are coaxial to each other, this axis 13a is simultaneously the axis of alignment of the two holes 66. Through both holes finger 13 passes at the same time.

Facing the axis A of rotation of the disc brake, the edge of the tongue 63 has a contour 64, which is curved relative to the axis 13a. The portion of the contour 64 facing the axis A of the disc brake forms a stop, since the course of the contour is such that the contour 64 has in places a greater distance A1 and in places a smaller distance A2 to the axis 13a. For example, the contour 64 may be eccentric in shape or it may be in the form of a circular arc, although then offset relative to the axis 13a.

The pin 13 is a fastening means for releasably fastening the clip 60 serving as a support member and as a locking member to the brake caliper. Simultaneously, the end 9c of the leaf spring 9 rests under spring tension on the inner side of the middle section 62 facing away from the pin 13. Therefore, this inner side is the support 62a on which the spring end 9c rests. The sum of these measures leads to the fixation and maintenance of the bending stress in the leaf spring.

An additional fixing measure is a positive engagement formed on the outermost spring edge 9a and bent upward positive lock element 10c into the hole 61 of the bracket 60.

The assembly of the system, consisting of the clamp 7 of the lining, the leaf spring 9, the pin 13 and the bracket 60 as a support element and a locking element, is carried out due to the fact that at first the leaf spring 9 with its one end is placed on the clamp 7 so that it enters with a geometric closing in the recess 7g of the end section 7a of the clamp 7 internal relative to the vehicle. After that, the parts previously connected in this way - the clamp and the leaf spring - are inserted in an oblique motion into the slot 14. The first end section 7a, which is deflected relative to the middle section 7b, is in In this case, at least partially with a leaf spring 9 inside a slot 14 inclined relative to the axis A of the brake disc. After that, the clamp 7 at its other end rotates down until this other end is on the clamping surface 43. In this case, the clamp is simultaneously placed from above on the rear plate 5 internal relative to the vehicle brake slope dki 3 between both stops 5a.

In the next step, the clip 60 is seated on said other spring end 9c, which can be facilitated by inserting a form-fitting element into the hole 61 of the clip 60 and thus becomes even more secure for mounting. In this case, the end 9c of the spring 9 rests on the support 62 inside on the bracket 60. Now, only the bracket 60, due to manual pressure and when bending the leaf spring, moves down until the pin 13 enters along the axis 13a into the support brackets 50 and at the same time through the holes 66 of the bracket 60. After that, the application of pressure to the bracket 60 can stop, since the tension force of the leaf spring 9 is reliably received by the bracket 60 forming the supporting element in connection with the pin 13.

The leaf spring 9, due to the prestressing spring force, holds the clamp 7 on the brake linings 2, 3 and serves to ensure that in case of a stronger impact, for example, when driving through a pothole, the outwardly rising brake lining is again pressed into its original position. If the leaf spring 9 is destroyed due to, for example, mechanical influences and thus loses its holding function, the clamp 7 is still held by the clip 60 located above it and by the slot 14 so that the brake linings cannot be lost.

The fold 11 of the narrower second end section 7c of the clamp 7, which lies on the outside of the vehicle side of the brake disc, shown in FIG. tightness relative to the surrounding wheel of the vehicle rotating around the brake. It is true that the fold 11 leads to a need for space in the region of the brake lining 2, which is located on the outer side of the brake disc relative to the vehicle. Therefore, it is made in a special manner, which will be explained in more detail below.

According to FIG. 6, the brake lining 2 located on the outer side of the vehicle with respect to the brake disc is composed of a friction lining 4 defined for contact with the brake disc and a stable rear plate 5. The latter consists, for example, of cast steel, the front side being formed as a mounting surface 16 for the friction lining 4, while the rear side 17 is formed as a pressure surface for transmitting the brake pressure. Then, with this rear side 17, the rear plate 5 bears against the corresponding pressure-applying surface 18 of the brake caliper 1. The surface 18 is also the wall of the lining niche 6 .

The circumferential contour of the rear plate 5 is defined by means of an upper edge 21 external to the axis A of rotation, an inner edge 22 facing the axis A of rotation and two side edges 23a, 23b extending between said upper edge and the lower edge, running parallel to each other. friend.

The upper or outer edge 21 is characterized by a main stroke which maintains the shape of the brake disc. To this end, the upper edge 21 mainly, ie over its predominant length, shows an arcuate stroke which adopts the circular shape of the periphery of the circular brake disc. This has the advantage that the brake lining 2 does not protrude radially outward beyond the technically required periphery of the brake disc.

The rear plate 5 is supported in the circumferential direction by the two lateral edges 23a, 23b, so that the braking torques are transmitted to the brake caliper 1 or alternatively to the axially fixed disc brake holder. In a small proportion, the transfer of braking torques can also be carried out through the lower edge 22 of the rear plate 5 to the brake holder, if a brake holder is provided.

The friction lining 4 also has a main stroke at its upper or outer edge 31 which supports the shape of the brake disc. To this end, the upper edge 31 mainly, i.e. over its predominant length, exhibits an arcuate stroke which takes on a circular shape from the periphery of the circular brake disc, as a result of which this edge also does not protrude radially outward from the brake disc periphery, but at the same time a maximum of contact surface between the friction lining 4 and the brake disc.

If the edges 21, 31 have a mainly arcuate course, then this includes individual deviations from this main shape. Thus, a narrow recess 33 can be located off-center in the friction lining 4 and the rear plate 5, which serves for the attachment of an electric brake lining wear sensor carried out there. In addition, individual small protrusions can be formed on the edge 21 without disturbing the arcuate main shape of this edge, which can be advantageous, for example, in the context of the production of a brake lining.

In order to create space and free space for the fold 11 of the clamp 7, the main course of the upper edge 21 of the rear plate 5 is interrupted exactly in the middle between both side edges 23a, 23b by a partial lowering (draught) 25 of the edge 21. This lowering 25 is wider than the width In the bent clamping area.

Consequently, only in the region of this lowering 25 is the height of the rear plate 5 reduced radially - in relation to the distance to the axis A of rotation - so that a free space is obtained in the rear plate 5, through which the clamp 7 passes at least one part of its cross section.

Also, in order to create space for the pressing 7, in the same area, the friction lining 4 also has a free space. Then, while the friction lining 4 on its outer edge 31 is otherwise generally arcuate, this primary shape is also interrupted in the middle between the two side edges 23a, 23b by the lowering 35 of the upper edge 31. The lowering 35 on the circumferential (peripheral) contour friction lining 4 also leads to the appearance of a free space through which the clamp 7 can pass at least one part of its cross section. For this, the drop 35 is wider than the width B of the folded pressing portion.

The lowering bottom 25 in the rear plate 5 is located deeper and thus closer to the axis of rotation A than those sections 31a, 31b of the upper edge 31 of the friction lining 4, which in the circumferential direction directly adjoin the lowering 35 formed in the friction lining 4.

Therefore, by lowering 25, a free space is created for the pressing to cross. As a result, the clamp 7 occupies a less radially outward position in this part of its length, which reduces the risk of friction of the brake parts inside the rotating wheel of the vehicle, generated by the structural tightness between the disc brake components and the vehicle wheel rotating around the brake.

According to figure 6 on the back side 17 of the rear plate 5, below its upper edge 21, ledge 40 is molded in one piece. The ledge 40 is located closer to the upper edge 21 than to the lower edge 22 of the rear plate 5. It is positioned in the middle in the circumferential direction of the brake lining 2, that is, it has the same distance to both side edges 23a, 23b. He - for the purpose of its bearing on the mating surface of the brake caliper 1 - is provided with at least one downwardly oriented bearing surface 42 (figure 4). It is located at right angles to the rear side 17 of the rear plate 5 and rests on the bottom of the recess 38 (Fig.5b), which is provided with the brake caliper 1.

In a plan view, the ledge 40 has a quadrangular outline. The two outer corners 31 of the ledge 40 spaced from the rear side 17 are each rounded with a corner radius R of at least 4 mm. The rounding of the corners 41 has technological advantages in terms of cutting the corresponding recess 38 in the brake caliper 1 (FIG. 5b). This recess 38 serves as a lining receiver in that it at least partially receives the shoulder 40 of the brake lining and is provided for this with a counter-rounded inner corner 39 with a corner radius of at least 4 mm.

On the ledge 40 - facing away from the support surface 42 - a flat pressing surface 43 is formed with a width of 10 to 20 mm and a length, respectively, of a depth of at least 7 mm. The pressing surface 43 is located deeper and thus closer to the axis of rotation A than the lowering 25. Exclusively on this pressing surface 43, the pressing 7 rests on the brake lining, namely the bottom side forming the contact surface 12a of the short longitudinal section 12 following the bend 11 .

The longitudinal section 12 is at the same time the end section of the second end section 7c and thus of the clamp 7. Its end surface is opposite the transverse wall of that recess 38 of the brake caliper 1 which at least partially receives the ledge 40.

A comparatively shorter transition surface 44 adjoins the pressing surface 43 for abutting the pressing 7 towards the friction lining 4. The transition surface 44 extends to the bottom of the drop 25, for example in the form of a bend or alternatively an inclined ramp. The transition surface 44 on one edge 45 meets the bottom of the lowering 25, and according to figure 4, this edge 45 is located in the plane of the rear plate 5, which is between the plane of the mounting surface 16 and the plane of the rear side 17.

To the pressing surface 43 from the side, i.e. when viewed in the circumferential direction of the brake lining, adjoins respectively the edge region 47, which protrudes beyond the pressing surface 43. elevated edge areas 47, as a result of which the clamp 7 does not have or has a slight lateral clearance relative to the brake lining 2.

When the bracket 60 is mounted, it is not only a supporting element for the leaf spring 9, but at the same time a locking element. Then, the edge contours 65 of the tongues 63 form an abutment that has no or only a small distance (distance) to the surfaces formed oppositely on the ledge 40. This has the consequence that lifting (separation) of the bearing surface 42 of the brake lining 2 from the brake caliper is not possible, and therefore only slight. Said locking action is achieved by the fact that in each of the two edge regions 47 of the ledge 40 a groove 48 is formed, which forms a reciprocal stop.

Seen in the circumferential direction of the brake lining 3, said grooves 48 are located before or after the middle of the rear plate 5, their distance to the middle being the same. Each groove 48 extends along the respective side surfaces 49 of the ledge 40. The bottom of each groove 48 faces the pin 13 and is opposed to the corresponding contour 64 of the bracket 60 either with little or even prolonged contact between the contour 64 and the bottom of the groove 48. If there is no prolonged contact exists, then in any case the distance is negligible and, above all, is smaller than the distance from the pin 13 to the fold 11, respectively, to the end section 12 of the clamp 7.

Consequently, the contours 64 at the clip 60 serving as a locking element are formed along the stop, and the grooves 48 at the brake lining 2 are formed along the counter stop. Therefore, if the brake lining 2 is knocked upwards due to strong shocks, which also leads to an equally large rise in the pressure 7, then this movement is stopped at the latest when the groove 48 abuts against the contour 64. An even greater movement, which then should have been completely taken up leaf spring 9 is prevented and thus the service life of the leaf spring 9 is increased.

The grooves 48 along their one side, namely in the direction of the corresponding side surface 49 of the ledge 40, can be made open. The grooves 48 can be opened at their end facing away from the rear plate 5. They - facing the rear plate 5 - are of such length that they extend not only over the depth of the ledge 40, but also up to the thickness of the rear plate 5. As a result, it is possible that the abutment formed by the contour 64 of the side sections 63 lies close to the rear plate 5. As a result, the overturning moment in the event of an impact on the brake lining 3 is minimized and even eliminated.

From the side of the vehicle, the clamp 7 is only slightly spaced from the leaf spring 9, partly the end 9a of the leaf spring 9, even with positive locking, enters the U-shaped recess 7g of the first end section 7a of the clamp 7. The entry of the leaf spring 7 into the recess 7g is similar to such an entry of the hook in support (reciprocal support).

The leaf spring 9, adjacent to the hook-shaped spring end 9a, is supported by the spring segment 9d on the upper inner surface 14b of the slot 14 facing away from the lining niche 6. Thus, the inner of both brake linings can also only slightly rise from its radial bearing surface due to the action of the pressing 7 .

In general, what is achieved is that both pads 2, 3 are held radially with respect to the axis A of rotation of the disc brake by means of a spring force, and that in the case of lifting of one or both brake pads, the path corresponding to this is narrowly limited by stops and reciprocal stops.

List of reference positions

1 brake caliper

2 brake lining

3 brake lining

4 friction lining

5 rear plate

5a emphasis

6 lining niche

7 clamp

7a first end section

7b middle section

7c second end section

7d base

7th side wall

7f side wall

7g notch

7k side section

7m end side

8 pressing system

9 leaf spring

9a end of leaf spring

9b middle section

9c leaf spring end

9d spring section

9th bend, break

9f bend, break

10a positive lock element

10s positive lock element

11 bend

11a bend

11b bend

11c straight through section

11d reinforcing rib (corrugation)

12 longitudinal section

12a contact surface

13 finger

13a axis

14 slot

14a rear wall

14b upper inner surface

14c lower inner surface

15 ledge

16 mounting surface

17 back side

18 surface

21 top edge

22 bottom edge

23a side edge

23b side edge

25 lowering in the rear plate

27 arc (circular arc)

31 top edge

31a plot

31b plot

33 notch

35 lowering in friction lining

38 recess in the brake caliper

39 inner corner

40 ledge

41 angle

42 bearing surface

43 pressing surface

44 transitional surface

45 edge

47 edge area

48 gutter

49 side

50 support bracket

60 bracket, support element, locking element

61 holes

62 middle section

62a support

63 side section, tongue

64 contour, emphasis

66 hole

A axis, the axis of rotation of the brake disc

A1 distance

A2 distance

A3 axis of rotation of the disc cutter

The width

F disc cutter

L end section length

L1 longitudinal midline

M material thickness

R corner radius

w angle

Claims (29)

1. A disc brake with a brake caliper (1), which covers the brake disc rotated on the axle (A) from above and the linings of the brake linings (2, 3) located on both sides of it in a niche (6), with a transverse over the brake linings (2 , 3) a clamping system (8) of a rigid clamp (7) and a leaf spring (9), moreover, the clamp (7) has a middle section (7b) and two end sections that form a large part of its entire length, carried over the lining niche (6) (7a, 7c), rests in the direction of the rotation axis (A) of the brake disc on the brake linings (2, 3) and with its first end section (7a) passes into the slot (14) of the brake caliper (1), and moreover, the leaf spring ( 9) passes in the longitudinal direction of the clamp (7) and resiliently rests on the outer side of the clamp (7) facing away from the brake linings (2, 3), characterized in that the first end section (7a) passing into the slot (14) is deflected relative to the middle section (7b) of the clamp (7) at an angle of 10 to 35°. 2. Disc brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the first end section (7a) and the middle section (7b) is between 15° and 25°. 3. A disc brake according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a recess (7g) in said first end section (7a) into which a leaf spring (9) enters at one end. 4. Disc brake according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spline (14) is limited at least by the rear wall (14a), facing the axis (A) by the upper inner surface (14b) and facing away from the axis (A) the lower inner surface (14c), and the upper inner surface (14b) is inclined at an angle (W) to the axis (A). 5. Disc brake according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper inner surface (14b) of the spline (14) has the same slope relative to the middle section (7b) as the first end section (7a). 6. Disc brake according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that also the lower inner surface (14c) is located at an angle with an inclination to the axis (A), and said lower inner surface (14c) is preferably parallel to the upper inner surface (14b) . 7. Disc brake according to one of claims 4-6, characterized in that the slot (14) is respectively open in the lateral direction of the clamp (7) due to the fact that this slot (14) is limited only by the rear wall (14a), the upper inner surface (14b) and lower inner surface (14c). 8. Disc brake according to claim 3 in combination with claim 7, characterized in that the notch (7g) is open towards the rear wall (14a) as well as the upper and lower inner surfaces (14b, 14c) of the spline (14) and the lateral direction is limited on both sides by the side sections (7k) of the clamp (7). 9. Disc brake according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the leaf spring (9) resiliently rests on the upper inner surface (14b) of the spline (14), and also on the outside - on the middle section (7b) of the clamp (7). 10. Disc brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamp (7), at least in its middle section (7b), is made in the form of a trough from a longitudinally extended base (7d) and side walls located on the sides of this base (7d). (7e, 7f). 11. Disc brake caliper of a vehicle with a lining niche (6) for receiving brake linings and a disc brake disc rotating on the axis (A), and with a slot (14) for fixing one end of the brake caliper passing on the outer side above the niche (6 ) lining of the pressing system, wherein the slot (14) is limited at least by the rear wall (14a), the upper inner surface (14b) facing the axis (A) and the lower inner surface (14c) facing the axis (A), characterized in that the upper inner surface (14b) is located at an angle (W) inclined to the axis (A). 12. A brake caliper according to claim 11, characterized in that the angle (W) of the upper inner surface (14b) to the axis (A) is between 10 and 35°, preferably between 15 and 25°. 13. A brake caliper according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the thickness (M) of the material that the brake caliper has between its upper inner surface (14b) and its outer side increases from the niche (6) of the lining, preferably in the form of an expanding wedge. 14. Brake caliper according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that also the lower inner surface (14c) is located at an angle with an inclination to the axis (A), and the lower inner surface (14c) is preferably parallel to the upper inner surface (14b ). 15. Brake caliper according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the rear wall (14a) of the slot (14) runs along a circular arc (27), the center of the circle of which is outside the brake caliper, and preferably above the recess (6) lining . 16. Brake caliper according to one of claims 11-14, characterized in that the rear wall (14a) of the slot (14) is composed of a straight middle section and circular arc sections steplessly adjoining it, the circle centers of which are outside the brake caliper, and preferably are located above the niche (6) of the lining. 17. Clamp (7) for fastening brake linings in a disc brake with a longitudinal extent and a width less significant relative to it, moreover, the clamp (7) has a middle section (7b) forming a large part of its entire length, held above the niche (6) of the disc brake lining and two end sections (7a, 9c), characterized in that the first end section (7a) is deflected relative to the middle section (7b) at an angle of 10 to 35°. 18. Clamp according to claim 17, characterized in that the angle between the first end section (7a) and the middle section (7b) is between 15° and 25°. 19. Clamp according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the first end section (7a) has a recess (7g) for the entry of a leaf spring. 20. Clamp according to claim 19, characterized in that the recess (7g) has a U-shaped contour and is laterally limited on both sides by lateral sections (7k) of the clamp (7). 21. Clamp according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the notch (7g) is open upwards and downwards, as well as at the front side away from the clamp (7). 22. The clamp according to one of claims 17–21, characterized in that at least in its middle section (7b) it is made in the form of a trough from a longitudinally extended base (7d) and side walls (7e) formed on the sides of the base (7d). , 7f). 23. Clamp according to claim 22, characterized in that the side walls (7e, 7f) are located respectively along the base (7d) and the first end section (7a). 24. Clamp according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the completion of the first end section (7a) forms an end face (7m) that runs along a circular arc (27), the center of the circle of which is outside the clamp, and preferably is located above middle section (7b). 25. Leaf spring (9) of the pressure system for vehicle disc brake linings, with two main sides (9.1, 9.2) and successive first spring end (9a), spring middle section (9b) and second spring end (9c) ), characterized in that the termination of the spring ends (9a, 9c) is respectively formed by positively locking elements (10a, 10c), which, with respect to the main sides (9.1, 9.2), extend in opposite directions away from the main sides, so that the first element (10a) positive lock is on the first main side (9.1), and the second positive lock element (10c) is on the second main side (9.2), and moreover, the leaf spring on the spring middle section (9b) has at least two bends (9f, 9e) with opposite directions of the bend, in which the outer side of the bend (9f) located closest to the first spring end (9a) is on the second main side (9.2), and the outer side the crown of said at least one other bend (9e) is on the first main side (9.1). 26. Leaf spring according to claim 25, characterized in that the bend (9f) located closest to the first spring end (9a) is located on the first sixth of the entire length of the leaf spring (9). 27. A leaf spring according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the bend (9f) located closest to the first spring end (9a) is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 cm from said first positive locking element (10a). 28. Leaf spring according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that said other bend (9e) is located on the middle third of the entire length of the leaf spring (9). 29. Leaf spring according to one of claims 25-28, characterized in that the width of the main sides (9.1, 9.2) is constant along the entire length of the leaf spring (9).

Images