RU2775648C1 - Bulging machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for connecting sheet parts by bulging. The machine comprises a tool holder in the form of a fixed frame and a movable rocker arm, provided with a punch and a matrix. A piston group is connected with the tool holder by means of a disk with an auxiliary handle, containing a piston connected with a wedge mechanism made with a lower rectilinear section interacting with a roller support. A control unit with elements of a pneumatic system and machine operation control units is secured in the end part of the piston group. Provided are a a unit for setting the axial alignment of the punch and the die and the depth of insertion thereof, in the form of an eccentric axis and an eccentric, the position whereof is locked by screws, and a safety valve for relieving excess pressure. A return pneumatic cylinder is rigidly connected with the piston of the piston group.

EFFECT: increase in the productivity, repairability, and ergonomics of the machine.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of permanent joints, mainly to devices for connecting sheet parts by pecking (using clinch technology).

A clinching machine is known, comprising a piston cylinder, a piston movable inside the cylinder, a plurality of jaws, at least one of which can move relative to the piston cylinder, a punch for clamping the workpiece mounted on one of the jaws, a clamping die (matrix) for the workpiece, installed on the other jaw, a cam (wedge) moving with the piston between a retracted position and an extended position, with the cam between the jaw parts, and a rocker rotating about the pivot axis from the first rocking orientation to the second orientation [Clinching machine: United States Patent Application Publication, US 2020/0114412 / Brian D. Petit, Andrew T. Sanders, Ryan T. Jones; btm company. - 16 Apr. 2020]. The disadvantages of this technical solution include the following:

- a large number of small-sized parts, a significant part of which are bodies of revolution, some elements have a complex profile and holes of different diameters. Precision manufacturing is of paramount importance for all parts. This increases the cost of the machine assembly and operating costs, reduces its maintainability;

- in order to ensure the safety of work and reduce the likelihood of foreign bodies and substances getting into the mechanisms of the tool holder, the latter is additionally protected by a casing. This complicates the design and limits the maintainability of the machine;

- the return of the piston to its original position is carried out by means of a spring, which significantly limits the speed of the machine and leads to a decrease in productivity;

- the cam (wedge mechanism) is driven by the rod, without being rigidly fastened to it, and two rollers are used as lower guides. With this design of the assembly, the loss of mechanical energy increases, and high precision in the manufacture of all parts is required in order to ensure the necessary direction and speed of movement, as well as to reduce the coefficient of friction on the interacting surfaces of the moving elements of the assembly;

- placement of the handle and the release button of a small size in the middle part of the machine to some extent reduces its ergonomics in terms of anthropometric indicators, since it is designed for the average size of a person's hand. If the machine is used by a worker whose body size is different from the average, discomfort may occur during operation, which may lead to a decrease in its quality or productivity.

The specified machine is the closest to the claimed invention in terms of design and principle of operation, therefore, it was chosen as a prototype.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity, maintainability and ergonomics of the machine, reduce its cost and operating costs.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by simplifying the design of the piston group, tool holder, wedge mechanism, using mass-produced components and parts, placing the punch and die location setting unit, as well as the cutting tool stroke control unit outside the machine, rational placement of the main elements of the machine.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated in Fig. 1-3.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the pecking machine (on the right), where 1 is a tool holder; 2 - auxiliary handle; 3 - disk; 4 - piston group in the housing; 5 - end cap; 6 - rocker opening drive key; 7 - main control handle; 8 - trigger for controlling the working stroke of the tool; 9 - fitting for connecting the pneumatic pipeline for supplying the working agent; 10 - tee with safety valve.

In FIG. 2 shows a side view of the pecking machine (left), where 11 is the eccentric axis; 12 - spring element; 13 - rocker opening cylinder; 14 - node ejection of the working agent.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the wedge mechanism, where 15 is the upper movable rocker of the tool holder; 16 - an eccentric with a bearing; 17 - wedge; 18 - piston assembly; 19 - housing of the piston group; 20 - axle with bearing.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The tool holder 1 consists of a lower fixed frame and an upper movable rocker with matrix and punch assemblies, respectively (see Fig. 1). The frame and rocker are interconnected by an eccentric axle 11, the position of which is fixed by a screw fixed on the outside of the lower frame (see Fig. 2). On the same side, on the eccentric axis, there is a spring element 12, connected at one end to the holder of the rocker arm opening cylinder, and at the other end directly to the rocker arm. It serves to open the rocker and return it to its original position during operation. The dimensions and shape of the matrix and punch are selected depending on the type and dimensions of the connected elements before starting work. The rocker arm opening cylinder 13 is placed on the fixed frame of the tool holder 1 and is connected to the rocker arm opening drive key 6 via a pneumatic conduit.

The tool holder 1 is connected to the body of the piston group 19 by means of a disk 3, to the upper part of which an auxiliary handle 2 is attached, mainly U-shaped. The handle can be made of any configuration and from various materials, provided that a comfortable and reliable grip is provided by the worker during the pecking process. The preferred method of attaching the secondary handle to the disc is a threaded connection. However, other options may be used. If necessary, a swivel ring can be fixed on disk 3, through which the machine can be suspended from any support, rack, structure, while maintaining the ability to maneuver and position the tool holder at a working angle with respect to the workpieces and surfaces.

The piston group is located in the body 4, mostly metal, and contains the piston assembly 18, sealing elements, and elements for transmitting motion (wedge mechanism) from the piston to the rocker arm. The upper and front end faces of the wedge 17 are curved, the working section of the lower face is straight (see Fig. 3). In the middle part of the wedge 17, at least two through holes are made. With its rear end face, the wedge 17 is rigidly connected to the piston 18. It rests on a roller, which is an axle with a needle bearing 20, with its lower face, which slides over the latter during operation. In the inner space of the main handle there is a return cylinder rigidly connected to the main piston 18.

An end cover 5 is fixed on the end part of the body of the piston group, on which and inside of which the elements of the machine control units, the main handle 7 and elements of the pneumatic system are located. In fact, it is a control unit for the machine. The handle is coaxially connected to the piston group. In the inner space of the handle 7 there is a return pneumatic cylinder rigidly connected to the piston of the piston group. In the upper part of the control unit above the main handle 7 there is a key for opening the rocker 6, in the lower part of the unit under the handle 7 there is a trigger for controlling the working stroke of the tool 8. The dimensions and configuration of the keys are designed for the convenience of pressing them with the thumb and the handle of the machine during the pecking process. On the side of the end cover 5 there is a valve for ejecting the working agent 14 from the active chamber of the piston group, as well as a valve for ejecting the working agent from the main handle. On the opposite side of the end cap there is a tee 10, at one end of which there is a safety valve, and at the opposite end there is a fitting for connecting the pneumatic pipeline for supplying the working agent 9. The safety valve is activated if the actual pressure of the working agent exceeds the allowable values.

The machine works as follows.

After connecting the pneumatic line to the fitting 9, the internal volume of the main handle 7 is filled with a working agent.

A die-punch set is installed in the tool holder 1, corresponding to the thickness of the elements to be joined and the required shape of the rib joint. The alignment of the punch and the matrix and the depth of their entry is regulated by the setting unit containing the eccentric axis 11 and the eccentric 16, the required position of which is fixed by the corresponding screws. These elements are placed on the outer surface of the tool holder 1 (see Fig. 1-2).

In the initial position, the rocker arm is completely open. The person using the machine grasps the main handle with one hand in such a way that it is convenient for the fingers of the hand to control the keys located on the end cover 5 without weakening the grip of the handle. The second hand wraps around the auxiliary handle 2 and positions the machine in such a way that the punch and the matrix are located above and below the junction of the elements. With the thumb of the hand, a person presses the rocker opening drive button 6, the punch approaches the matrix, occupying the initial working position, while the distance between them is 8 mm and ensures free movement of the machine along the surfaces to be joined between work operations. When you press the index finger on the stroke control trigger 8, the working agent is fed through the pneumatic pipeline into the active chamber. In this case, the working agent from the main handle 7 is discharged into the atmosphere through the valve in the end cap, the pressure of the working agent inside the active chamber is much greater than the pressure inside the main handle. The pressure of the working agent in the active chamber acts on the piston 18, makes it, together with the wedge mechanism that transmits the motion to the rocker arm, and the return cylinder move towards the tool holder 1 (Fig. 3). The rocker moves towards the punch, under the action of high pressure at the point of interaction between the punch and the matrix, plastic deformation occurs in the material of the connected elements with a full geometric closure - a bulging connection of the elements is formed. The person releases the trigger 8, through the working agent ejection unit 14, part of the working agent enters the environment, the pressure in the active chamber is significantly reduced. Due to the pressure difference in the active chamber and inside the main handle 7, the return cylinder is activated, the main piston with the wedge mechanism is "retracted" - moving to the initial working position. In this case, the wedge mechanism leaves the zone of interaction with the rocker arm, the latter returns to its initial working position.

Next, the person moves the tool holder to the next place of the peep connection and the cycle is repeated.

Returning the rocker arm to its original operating position, rather than its original position, shortens the pecking cycle, which in turn improves productivity and reduces the chance of injury.

The shape of the wedge and its rigid attachment to the piston allow using only one roller bearing for its operation.

The placement of elements inside and outside the end cap makes it possible to simplify the design of individual units of the machine, to some extent reduce its dimensions and increase its ergonomics.

In the tool holder, a matrix and a punch are fixed, the dimensions and shape of which correspond to the type and dimensions of the connected elements. Adjusting the coaxiality of the matrix and the punch and the depth of their entry with the help of the eccentric axis and the eccentric makes it possible to reduce the requirements for the accuracy of the manufacture of the frame and rocker arm. The machine uses commercially available piston, cylinder, pneumatic system elements, etc., which reduces its cost and increases maintainability.

Claims (1)

Pulverizing machine, containing a tool holder in the form of a fixed frame and a movable rocker connected to each other, having a punch and a matrix, a piston group connected to the tool holder by means of a disk with an auxiliary handle and containing a piston rigidly connected to the wedge mechanism for transmitting movement from the piston to the movable rocker, made with a lower straight section, the main handle and the control unit with elements of the pneumatic system and control units of the machine, fixed in the end part of the piston group, characterized in that it is equipped with a unit for adjusting the alignment of the punch and the matrix and the depth of their entry in the form of axles placed on the outer surface of the tool holder - an eccentric and an eccentric, made with the possibility of fixing their position by means of screws, a return pneumatic cylinder rigidly connected to the piston of the piston group, and a safety valve for relieving excess pressure, and the wedge mechanism is complete with the possibility of interaction when moving the lower straight section with one roller bearing.

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