RU2775442C1 - Method and system for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer technology

SUBSTANCE: present invention generally refers to the field of computer technology, and in particular to systems for organizing and conducting trading operations and controlling transactions on them between remote users using electronic means of information processing. This system is designed to conduct trading operations using electronic information processing tools, consisting of a group of related technical means equipped with coding devices. The specified system includes a management server made with the possibility of centralized management of the system for conducting trading operations between users based on smart contracts, the formation and distribution of data received from the system blocks, containing a security block made with the ability to block information flows between the system blocks by disconnecting the connection between them, as well as a catalog database server goods.

EFFECT: increased transaction security and server networking.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[001] This technical solution generally relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to methods and systems for organizing and conducting trade operations and controlling transactions on them between remote users using electronic information processing tools and can be used in the field of public and commercial procurement .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Currently, the successful solution of tasks and problems that arise before state institutions in the framework of current activities is possible only with the use of integrated digital solutions.

[003] At the same time, modern IT solutions are not just tools aimed at solving one-time tasks and specific life situations, but systems that allow predicting the development of the socio-economic situation and preventing the negative impact of external and internal factors.

[004] The key tool for the effective development of the domestic economy should be state interdepartmental platform multiservices operating on the principles of artificial intelligence (AI), big data (Big data) and blockchain (English "blockchain").

[005] One example of a prior art platform solution is SGTraDex (Singapore Trade Data Exchange), a digital trade data exchange. This state ecosystem is aimed at collecting industry-specific analytical data, processing it and providing it to interested parties participating in commodity chains. Algorithmic solutions are typical and can be applied in other sectors of the economy (construction, aviation, etc.).

[006] The prior art patent application No. 2012125891 "Method and system for conducting financial transactions via the Internet" (applicant: JOYCE John Anthony (AU), priority: 24.11.2009 AU 61/264,152). The method includes the following steps: requesting on a website a secure financial transaction from a merchant associated with this website in relation to said goods or services using an Internet access device; activation of the encryption device, which is in the mode of data exchange with the mentioned device access to the Internet; receiving encrypted data of the user's payment card from the encryption device to ensure a secure financial transaction; transmission by the Internet access device of the received encrypted data of the user's payment card to the financial transaction server via the Internet; decrypting the received encrypted data of the user's payment card on the financial transaction server; sending the decrypted data of the user's payment card to the credit and financial system that is in the mode of data exchange with the server of the financial transaction, and then using the decrypted data of the user's payment card to complete the financial transaction as a financial transaction via the Internet in relation to goods or services.

[007] The disadvantages of the known solution include the fact that there is a large server load during operation, which will increase the time of the operation.

ESSENCE OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[008] The technical problem or technical problem solved in this technical solution is

[009] The technical result achieved by solving the above technical problem is to increase the security of transactions and network interaction of servers.

[0010] An additional technical result is:

[0011] - a unified approach to determining the qualitative characteristics of the subjects of transactions (goods) and the formation of their prices;

[0012] - providing more accurate forecasting and planning of production and marketing through a complete understanding of the commodity distribution chain, including within the framework of mobilization training and in emergency natural and man-made situations.

[0013] The specified technical result is achieved through the implementation of a computer system for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing, which contains a control server configured to centrally control the system for conducting trading operations, generating and distributing data received from system units; a product catalog database server, comprising: a product registration unit configured to obtain information about system users and their products; a product marking unit, configured to obtain product information according to a predetermined pattern, which is obtained from the product registration unit; assigning to goods a marking code containing detailed information about the goods; financial block, which is an electronic showcase of financial instruments available to users of the system, containing: a block of support measures containing a database formed by commercial and state participants in the system operation, containing information on available financial and non-financial support measures and tools for obtaining it; a block of services configured to carry out transactions and make deals.

[0014] The specified technical result is also achieved through the implementation of a computer-implemented method of conducting trading operations, performed by at least one data processing device and including the following steps:

• receive on the control server from at least the communication device of the user who is the owner of at least one product, data about the product;

• by means of the marking block of the control server, each product is assigned at least one two-dimensional marking code, in which all information provided by the user in the previous step is taken into account and encrypted;

• determine the average market value of the goods and form an offer by means of the system management server based on the operations archive server block;

• receiving at least one request from the communication device of the user, which is a consumer, to conclude a transaction, and through the database server of the catalog of goods and the management server, data on the need for the goods are formed;

• carry out the conclusion of a smart contract and the transaction in a non-cash form through the financial block after the user-consumer confirms the receipt of the marked goods.

[0015] In some implementations of the technical solution, the two-dimensional code is PDF417 and/or MaxiCode and/or DataMatrix.

[0016] In some embodiments of the technical solution, the user's communication device is a mobile phone and/or tablet and/or laptop and/or personal computer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In FIG. 1 shows an example of the implementation of a system for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing.

[0018] In FIG. 2 shows a variant of the implementation of the operation of the control server with the blocks included in it.

[0019] In FIG. 3 shows a database server for a catalog of products (food or non-food, but not limited to), which contains a well-structured product database that is filled directly by users.

[0020] In FIG. Figure 4 shows an example of the implementation of the transaction archive server, which is equipped with a database that accumulates and systematizes, according to predetermined algorithms, information about the number of transactions concluded, about the most demanded goods, about the rating of suppliers and customers, about the shortage or surplus of goods in a particular region.

[0021] In FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of the implementation of a database server for logistics capabilities, which is a two-loop set of information about the workload of storage facilities, the need to increase the area of storage facilities or change their types, the availability of containers, as well as the universal means of transportation themselves, as well as the workload of transport companies transporting goods.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Below will be discussed in detail the terms and their definitions used in the description of the technical solution.

[0023] In this invention, the system refers to a computer system, a computer (electronic computer), CNC (numerical control), PLC (programmable logic controller), computerized control systems and any other devices capable of performing a given, well-defined sequence of operations (actions, instructions), centralized and distributed databases, smart contracts.

[0024] A command processing device refers to an electronic unit or an integrated circuit (microprocessor) executing machine instructions (programs), a smart contract, an Ethereum virtual machine (EVM), or the like. An instruction processing device reads and executes machine instructions (programs) from one or more data storage devices. The role of a storage device can be, but not limited to, hard disk drives (HDD), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), solid state drives (SSD), optical drives.

[0025] A program is a sequence of instructions intended to be executed by a computer control device or command processing device.

[0026] DataMatrix - a two-dimensional matrix barcode representing black and white elements or elements of several different degrees of brightness, usually in the form of a square, placed in a rectangular or square group. A matrix barcode is designed to encode text or other types of data.

[0027] Structurally, a system for conducting trading operations is a set of systemically interconnected data processing components, with databases installed on them, operating on the basis of blockchain technology or any other decentralized architecture, and the components are functionally and constructively interconnected. A separate component, integrated with adjacent ones, is responsible for each stage of the formation of a transaction and the implementation of transactions.

[0028] The main 100 components required for the operation of the system for conducting trading operations are the following blocks:

• 1. Management server 110 .

• 2. Product catalog database server 120 .

• 3. Operations archive server 130 .

• 4. Logistics capabilities database server 140 .

[0029] The functions of the various elements shown in the drawings, including any functional block labeled "server", may be implemented using dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing the associated software. If a server is used, these functions may be performed by a single dedicated processor, a single shared processor, or multiple individual processors, some of which may be shared. In some non-limiting embodiments of the present technology, the processor may be a general purpose processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a specialized processor such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). In addition, explicit use of the term "processor" or "controller" should not be construed as referring solely to the hardware capable of executing the software and may refer to, but is not limited to, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, network processor, ASIC (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Software ROM, RAM and NVRAM. Other general purpose and/or custom hardware may also be contemplated.

[0030] In view of the foregoing principles, the following are some non-limiting examples illustrating various embodiments of aspects of the present technology, and system 100 in FIG. one.

[0031] The management server 110 centrally manages the system 100 to conduct trading operations of users or companies based on smart contracts, generates and distributes data received from adjacent subordinate units of the system. This control server 110 works by providing users with the best options for solving their tasks.

[0032] The above management server 110 may comprise two blocks, as shown in FIG. 2:

• security unit 210 configured for the principles of internal data exchange between units and modules of the system 100 as well as interaction with external data sources via secure communication channels. This block 210 interacts on a permanent basis with all blocks of the system 100 and in case of detection (reception) of signals about security violations (for example, design changes in the data bus) blocks information flows between the components of the system 100 and informs the operator of the system 100 about the detected violations with signal code and place of the incident;

• integration unit 220 , configured to generate protocols for interaction with external data sources necessary for the operation of the system 100 , for example, GIS, RGIS, commercial platform solutions, banking systems, etc.

[0033] The security unit 210 may, in some implementations, contain cryptographic encryption algorithms (e.g., RSA public key cryptographic algorithm) to encrypt, for example, transaction data, user personal data, product owner data, etc., without being limited to , which are transferred between the blocks of this system 100 . In the event that a signal violation occurs between any blocks, the security block 210 sends an error message, for example, "Error 404" to the control server 110 or directly to the operator of the system 100 .

[0034] Since the commands of the management server 110 change the error state, the maintainer of the package(s) with which(s) the error is associated is notified that the commands have been processed. In addition, the message received by the security unit 210 of the control server 110 and the changes made are stored in the error log and are accordingly available on the web pages of the system.

[0035] Below will be described in more detail the mechanism for detecting signals of violations of safety operation.

[0036] In accordance with one preferred embodiment of connecting data buses between units, the communication interface between the control server security unit with the servers 120-140 has, on the one hand, a bi-directional serial data connection, through which the data flow on the bus is directed from the security unit to and from the server 120-140 and a plurality of control lines for controlling the behavior of the server 120-140 to the bus coupler. Communication between security unit 210 and servers 120-140 is shown schematically in FIG. 1. Thus, the arrow "<-" symbolizes the received - from the corresponding peripheral device - the data stream (reception line), and the arrow "->" symbolizes the data stream issued - from the corresponding peripheral device - the data stream (transmission line) to the bus system.

[0037] Depending on the control exercised by the management server 110 , the bus coupler either directs data to the data bus, where direct data exchange takes place between the two data exchange interfaces of the bus coupler, or blocks the direction of data. When data is transferred via a bus coupler, this allows the network to be treated as a closed loop. Otherwise, the network is open. In any case, however, the data present in one of the two communication interfaces of the bus coupler is output to the communication interface between the security unit 210 and the servers 120-140' .

[0038] In one possible embodiment, the bus system according to the invention is based on the RS-485 standard, and the data to be transmitted through this bus system is transmitted differently. For example, after a bus node (an RS-485 transceiver) receives data, the data is then output as a serial data stream to the ground device.

[0039] In this exemplary embodiment, the data consists mainly of a start bit, eight data bits, one parity bit, and one stop bit, for a total of 11 bits. The duration of a bit depends on the baud rate (bps). The higher the baud rate, the shorter the bit duration, and the lower the baud rate, the longer the bit duration. For example, a baud rate of 115200 results in a bit duration of 8.68 µs. Accordingly, the transmission of 11 bits takes approximately 100 µs (95.48 µs).

[0040] The bus connector contains the appropriate control logic, preferably an application-oriented integrated circuit or programmable logic component (programmable logic array (PLA), field programmable gate array (FPGA), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), etc.). etc.), if applicable in conjunction with the microcontroller of the control server 110 . When the bus connector detects that at least 150 µs has elapsed without receiving another byte, it disconnects the previously established connection.

[0041] A significant advantage that can be achieved with the solution according to the invention is seen specifically in the fact that the system is able to automatically detect a fault, in particular a break, in a point-to-point connection (bus segment) of the ring topology. This occurs, for example, when a bus node transmits data via a bus system to a safety unit, and only one of said at least two communication interfaces of the safety unit receives said data.

[0042] The mechanism for controlling the operation of other units of the system by the security unit will be described below.

[0043] For the security unit 210 , there are fault records covering the entire system. A system failure is different in that it can be written to the security block of the management server, although this block itself is in order. However, according to the information about the malfunction of the system in all units, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the cause of the malfunction. The system fault "Network not activating" is then handled. The code for this fault can be stored in all blocks in the system or in the safety block 210 . The code for this fault may then be sent to the system operator or control server 110 for decision making on the further operation of the system.

[0044] The security unit 210 tries to detect one of the five possible errors during operation. If an error is detected between any servers or between the security block and the server 120-140 , the block sends an error message to the network, thereby destroying all current network traffic (transmitting and receiving the current message). All other nodes detect the error message and take appropriate action (discard the received message). In addition, each server 110-140 maintains two error counters: Transmit Error Counter (transmit error counter) and Receive Error Counter (receive error counter). These counters increase or decrease according to several rules. The rules for managing error counters themselves are quite complex, but they boil down to a simple principle, a transmission error causes the Transmit Error counter to increase by 8, a reception error increases the Receive Error counter by 1, any correct transmission / reception of a message decreases the corresponding counter by 1. These rules lead to that the transmit error counter of the transmitting node increases faster than the receive error counter of the receiving nodes. This rule corresponds to the assumption that there is a high probability that the source of errors is the transmitting node.

[0045] The security unit 210 that detects an error condition signals the control server 110 to that effect by transmitting an error flag. For security unit 210 in the "active error" state, this is the transmission of the active error flag, for the security unit 210 in the "passive error" state, this is the transmission of the passive error flag. Whenever a bit error, padding error, format error, and acknowledgment error is detected, the security block starts transmitting an error flag in the next bit. Whenever a CRC error is detected, an error flag will be started after the acknowledgment delimiter, unless an error flag has been started for another state.

[0046] The security unit 210 determines where the incident occurred, which is reported to the operator, as follows.

[0047] First, the security block performs an initial poll of each network node to determine whether physical availability is present. This means that each element of the network will be queried in turn from the initial root node using the ping command.

[0048] If an unresponsive device is found, its availability must be checked by trying to access it (telnet, ssh) in conjunction with polling neighboring devices for the availability of the interfaces of the failed device.

[0049] If attempts to enter the problematic network node were unsuccessful, and polling the device interfaces from neighboring nodes shows their unavailability, with a high degree of probability this network node has failed and at least there is no power on it. This means that repairs and diagnostics must be carried out physically on site, the completion of the algorithm.

[0050] If all devices are available, their interfaces are functioning, but the network is not working correctly, therefore, there are problems either with routing or with the configuration of one or more network nodes. This implies the need to localize the faulty section and find out the key device (one of the servers), after interacting with which the security block mechanism of traffic transportation is violated. In this case, it is necessary to rely on the facts of the consequences of the malfunction, by which it is possible to determine the problem area. This can mean both incoming errors on a specific subnet, and the result of monitoring the network using monitoring utilities, which will reliably show faulty nodes using SNMP polling.

[0051] Regarding the automation of the process, it is acceptable for the security unit 210 to use the traceroute command, which will be launched by the algorithm as a scanner sequentially from various network nodes to the most remote ones, thereby determining the network section where traffic is obstructed or errors are generated.

[0052] Having thus localized the faulty area, the process proceeds to the next stage of solving the fault that has arisen, namely, its elimination. This is the most extensive block of the algorithm, which includes the following items:

[0053] One of the interfaces may be logically disabled, ie. be administratively in the down state. Verification is performed by the run show interfaces terse command. The value of the Admin and Link parameters, which indicate the physical and administrative availability of the interfaces, must be Up. Otherwise, if the value of the Admin = Down parameter, the interface is administratively disabled for some reason and its operation must be resumed using the delete interfaces <InterfaceName> disable command (executed from the configuration mode). If the parameter Link = Down, then in this case, we are talking about a physical failure of the communication channel. An appropriate information message is issued to the operator.

[0054] If the hardware routing device is working properly, then the malfunction only concerns the logic of its software part - the configuration. In this case, it is the device configuration that is subject to verification, which, as a rule, is typical in large networks. This means that with slight differences in addresses and logical links, the configuration structure of each router is effectively the same, as the implemented routing scheme is ensured by the functioning of the corresponding protocols, the setting of which in each device is a regulated procedure. In other words, first of all, the settings of the key sections of the router configuration are checked according to the template - protocols, routing-options, policy-options, interfaces, where everything should be brought to the standard template, and the addressing is correct

[0055] The security unit 210 can be in one of three states when errors are detected in the operation of the system:

[0056] active error;

[0057] passive error;

[0058] disconnect from the bus.

[0059] In the "active error" state, the security block may interact with the bus by sending an active error flag when an error is detected. In the "passive error" state, the safety unit shall not send an active error flag. It takes part in communication with the bus, but when an error is detected, it must send a passive error flag. After transmitting an error message, the node in the "passive error" state will wait for the initialization of further transmission (there is a suspension of data transmission).
In the off-bus state, the block is not allowed to affect the bus.
The security block has two counters for error typing:

[0060] transmission error counter;

[0061] Receive error counter.

[0062] Error detection mechanisms by the security unit can detect:

• all global errors;

• all local errors of each server 120-140;

• up to 5 random errors in the transmitted message;

• consecutive group of errors up to 15 in length;

• any odd parity errors.

[0063] The total residual error probability for undetected malformed messages is less than: message error rate * 4.7 * 10 E-11.

[0064] In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the described system allows the security unit 210 to monitor status, view indicators/measurements, and remotely control devices 110-140. Monitoring of the status, viewing indicators/measurements and remote control can be carried out through at least one other module of the described system, including through the interaction of the security unit 210 with the mentioned modules, including interaction directly (without intermediate system modules) with the mentioned system modules , including devices (110-140), with at least one module of the described system, including devices (110-140). Such interaction of the security block 210 with modules/devices can be implemented by using in such devices/modules at least one control module (not shown), in a particular case, implemented by at least one (control) microcircuit/chip ( such as CC2530, CC2531, CC2538, ATSAMR21E18A, ATSAMR21G18A, ATmega256RFR2, ATmega2564RFR2 and others), microcomputer/microcomputers (such as Raspberry Pi, Intel Joule, etc.), microprocessor/microprocessors (such as Intel Atom, Qualcomm Snapdragon and etc.), etc.

[0065] It is worth noting that at least one part of the method described in the framework of the present invention can be carried out on the management server 110 , including, after establishing the connection of the servers 120, 130, 140 (or any other module of the described system) with the server 110 , and/or with each other, for example, via at least one data transfer protocol, including a network protocol such as TCP/IP, HTTP/HTTPs (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), FTP (English File Transfer Protocol, file transfer protocol), POP3 (English Post Office Protocol, standard mail connection protocol), SMTP (English Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol that specifies a set of rules for sending mail), TELNET (remote protocol access), XMPR (from the English Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol - an extensible protocol for messaging and presence information, formerly known as Jabber - an open, XML-based protocol for instant communication near-real-time messaging and presence), DTN, etc., including protocols regulated by the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards, including existing add-ons, such as upper layer network protocol specifications, in in particular, the APS application layer (from the English. application support sublayer), and the NWK network layer, using, in a particular case, the services of the lower layers, the MAC media access control layer and the PHY physical layer, etc.

Since each of the servers 110, 120, 130, 140 is involved in trading transactions, the increase in the security of each such server, as well as their interaction with each other, increases the security of the computer system for conducting trading operations using electronic information processing tools.

[0066] By securing the network interaction of servers in the system by implementing a security block, the security of transactions in the network is realized.

[0067] Virtually all settings on the gateway (SG) are performed using this server 110 . The control server 110 can also act as a log server and process them with the built-in event analysis and correlation system - Smart Event. The management server 110 can be used to centrally manage multiple gateways (the number of gateways depends on the server model or license).

[0068] The integration unit 220 integrates analog addressable devices and external systems (shown in Fig. 2) with the system 110 for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing.

[0069] In some embodiments, block 220 has the following advantages:

• modular design, with the possibility of expanding modules;

• Possibility to select modules as input and/or output;

• possibility of relaying signals to various units of the system;

• light indication of activation of modules and output modules;

• built-in power supply.

[0070] The following will describe the product catalog database server 120 (food or non-food, but not limited to), which contains a clearly structured product database 340 , which is filled directly by users 350 (individuals or legal entities) based on pre-generated algorithms (templates) according to the data formats that are represented by the system 100 .

[0071] This server 120 , which is shown in FIG. 3 may contain two building blocks:

• registration block 310 - the primary block containing the information about users 350 of the system 100 that is required to gain access to the system. This block 310 is filled in via a global information network, such as the Internet, and processed by the built-in internal processing center 330 ;

• marking block 320 into which, after entering data about the product in the registration block 310 , the user 350 , who is the owner of the product, enters information about the product in accordance with a predetermined template.

[0072] The product catalog is a clearly structured database of 340 food and non-food products, which is filled directly by 350 manufacturers (suppliers) with detailed product information according to a predetermined template - variety, size, volume, packaging, region of production, storage conditions, compliance GOSTs, etc., not limited to.

[0073] As a result of filling in all the fields required for this type of product - characteristics, the product in the marking block 320 is assigned a DataMatrix marking code containing detailed information about the product and sent to the registration block 310 . The information in the product information templates is changed by the operator of the system 100 by making changes to the operation algorithm of the control server 110 , taking into account the type of product and legal requirements, or by using a machine learning (ML) algorithm.

[0074] In some embodiments, 2D codes may be used that are predominantly in matrix form. Almost all modern 2D code technologies contain error correction tools. This solution can use many varieties of 2D codes (for example, PDF417, MaxiCode, DataMatrix), without being limited.

[0075] Lots of goods and collective orders can also be marked in a similar way.

[0076] Marking is carried out electronically automatically, subject to the provision by the seller (supplier) of mandatory information about the product in accordance with the form provided by the system in advance. The form may be in the form of a questionnaire, a table, a page on a website, etc., without being limited.

[0077] The physical application of Data Matrix marking codes (in printed form) to a product or batch is not mandatory, but is allowed if the seller (supplier) is technically capable. The most effective solution is proposed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2490709 "Fluorescent information label and methods for its manufacture" (priority: 10/23/2009), which proposes a method for solving the problem of reading a 2D label of direct application by using compositions containing fluorescent substances and/or particles in the manufacture of markings with a long excitation wave from 250 to 600 nm and radiation in the wavelength range of 600-700 nm. This leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the image of the marking when it is read, in particular its contrast, and reduces the dependence of the reliability of the decoding of the marking on the nature of the surface on which the 2D direct mark is applied. This solution makes it possible to read markings both with a conventional reader (reader) and with a special one that registers a fluorescent image. The use of this solution greatly facilitates the reading of direct application marks, reduces the price of the reader, allows reading at a greater distance and reduces the requirements for the quality and depth of the recesses, and hence the marking device.

[0078] The functionality of this system provides for a fully electronic document flow when concluding transactions, as well as the use of cashless payments between counterparties, including when state and municipal customers conclude contracts for the supply of socially significant goods.

[0079] Together with virtual labeling, this online system 100 allows for total traceability of the chain of movement of goods, forecasting the growth in demand for certain groups of goods, rational distribution of budgetary funds for concluding contracts and monitoring their execution through automatic labeling.

[0080] Among other things, within the framework of the system 100 , a commodity exchange is organized, on which the underlying asset (the subject of a futures or option transaction) can be directly food products of future harvests, as well as raw materials or seeds, as well as non-food products. Transactions are concluded in a digital environment using non-cash payments, including cryptocurrencies through an acquiring unit (not shown).

[0081] Next, the server of the archive of operations 130 will be described, which is equipped with a database 410 , in which information is accumulated and systematized according to predetermined algorithms about the number of transactions concluded, about the most demanded goods, about the rating of suppliers and customers, about the shortage or surplus of goods, including or another region, etc. Said server 130 contains three required blocks:

[0082] information block 410 that contains a database from which the management server 110 of the system 100 receives information about the current market pricing policy and the best options for meeting the needs of system users in a particular product. Block 410 information is updated in real time, taking into account the statistics of concluded transactions, which are stored in the system 100 ;

[0083] rating block 420 , which contains a database containing information about the quality of implementation by users 350 (owners of goods and representatives of logistics services) activities within the system 100 . The grounds for changing the rating are the fulfillment / non-fulfillment of contractual obligations, positive / negative feedback from consumers, the timing and distance of delivery of goods, the presence of a HACCP certificate, the results of laboratory studies of product samples, the presence / absence of own warehouses and vehicles, the presence of eco-, dietary, exclusive products, luxury quality products in accordance with international and national standards, the presence / absence of a guarantee for the goods, the identification of counterfeit or low-quality, unsafe goods, the presence of arrears in payments, supplies, taxes and fees, the identification of other violations in the work of control and supervisory authorities. The list of reasons for changing the rating score can be adjusted through the management server 110 , taking into account the analysis of data on completed transactions, as well as data from relevant government authorities. In some implementations, each user of system 100 contains a score that is affected by the above metrics. Scoring models are used by organizations to determine the solvency and reliability of a potential user. Certain characteristics of the client (age, income, length of service, etc.) are input to such a model, and an integrated indicator (score) is formed at the output, which determines the probability of reliability. This solution can use Data Mining analytical technologies, which contain effective tools for building scoring models - neural networks and decision trees. With the help of logistic regression, the development of scoring maps is carried out.

[0084] The functionality of generating a rating score within the system 100 provides conditions for fair competition between market participants and, as a result, allows you to qualitatively improve the level of service for end consumers.

[0085] Forecast block 430 made with the possibility, by means of the iteration method, based on the information accumulated and systematized in blocks of information 410 and rating 420 , to form proposals for short-term and long-term directions of development.

[0086] Next, the logistics capabilities database server 140 will be described, which is shown in FIG. 5 and is a two-loop set of information about the workload of storage facilities, the need to increase the area of storage facilities or change their types, the availability of containers, as well as the universal means of transportation themselves, as well as the workload of transport companies transporting goods. In some embodiments, the database server 140 may be, for example, Microsoft SQL ServerTM or OracleTM for data storage. Information to the server 140 comes both directly from the participants in commercial processes, and through external government accounting channels through the integration unit 220 , shown earlier in FIG. 2 (for example, the Plato system). This server 140 includes three required blocks:

[0087] transport block 510 containing a database containing information about the transport and means of transport of the subjects of the transaction;

[0088] property block 520 containing a database of availability and occupancy of premises for storing items of the transaction;

[0089] service block 530 containing a database generated by users of the system containing information about the services provided for packaging, packaging of goods, etc.

[0090] Electronic trading system 100 preferably includes one or more database servers. Said one or more database servers are preferably configured to enter the retrieved data into a database, to compute insights from the retrieved data, and to interact, preferably over a secure Internet connection, with client applications (client "applications" or client "boards" ) configured to visualize analytical data.

[0091] Moreover, said one or more database servers are preferably configured to compute statistics relating to retrieved and/or discrete time data, record those statistics in a database, and provide the statistics to client applications as part of the analytics data.

[0092] Said one or more database servers may be configured to stream at least a portion of the analytical data to client applications. Additionally or alternatively, one or more database servers may be configured to send at least a portion of the analytics data to client applications upon receipt of requests from those applications, or upon being polled by those applications.

[0093] Next, the finance block will be described, which provides a storefront of financial instruments available to users of the system 100 . This block includes the following required blocks:

• block of support measures - a database formed by commercial and state participants in the system operation, containing information on available financial and non-financial support measures, including those provided under government programs, national projects, anti-crisis plans, as well as tools for obtaining it.

• a block of services, through the tools of which system users can receive additional services that ensure the simplest possible transactions and transactions (promotion, advertising, access to RGIS and GIS, etc.).

[0094] The finance block (support measures and banking services), which is not shown in the figures, is made with the possibility of integrating relevant state bodies and banking organizations, which provides targeted communication of support measures provided to business entities within the framework of government programs, national projects, anti-crisis plans .

[0095] System 100 implies the presence of a bank (banks) of counterparties that are interested in lending both at their own expense and in administering funds from national projects (similar to the work of a bank in the defense complex). The principle of "money in money" is used.

[0096] As part of the work of the finance block, it is possible to receive state support measures (subsidies, subventions) online - the manufacturer fills out a questionnaire with documents confirming the right to receive support, the artificial intelligence of the system 100 analyzes the application and makes a decision. For business, this is a convenient online service and the opportunity to get real support in the shortest possible time; for the state, it is an increase in the efficiency of the allocation of budget funds, traceability and control of processes in real time.

[0097] The structure of the system 100 for conducting trading transactions using electronic means can be supplemented with additional blocks and modules, taking into account the experience of practical application, development of technologies and changes made to the legislation. In order to reduce the load on the technical means of data storage, information in the database server of the product catalog, the server of logistics capabilities and the server of the archive of analytics operations is distributed by hardware into two levels.

[0098] The product catalog database server 120 stores current information, information about current products in the catalog, about system users, about pending (current) transactions and transactions, etc.

[0099] The logistic capabilities database server 140 stores current information, information about free warehouses and vehicles, about system users, about incomplete (current) logistics operations, the total number of warehouses and vehicles, etc.

[00100] The transaction archive block 130 stores archival information, information about goods that are currently not in the catalog, about completed transactions, about their timing, volume and content, about transactions and logistics operations.

[00101] Operations archive block 130 (otherwise - analytics block) is one of the main blocks in which
based on information about the number of transactions concluded, the most demanded goods, the rating of suppliers and customers, the shortage or surplus of goods in a particular region, etc. there is a formation of short-term and long-term directions of development that require direct state regulation - planning of sowing, modernization of production, etc.

[00102] In turn, as part of the interaction of the product catalog with analytics and logistics blocks, analytical and statistical information is generated on seasonal and off-season (unscheduled) price fluctuations, on commodity stocks and shortages of goods of certain categories, on an increase in transport costs for the delivery of goods from supplier to the consumer and other changes that require additional attention and appropriate study.

[00103] This information is the primary source for the adoption of relevant public authorities of managerial decisions necessary to eliminate emerging problems - adjusting government programs and regulations, developing relevant measures of financial and non-financial support, infrastructure changes.

[00104] In addition, based on the primary data received and processed by the analytics unit, the state of biosystems is monitored - the livestock of farm animals, plants, soil, etc.

[00105] The reduction in the number of such categories of goods as dairy, meat, fish products, vegetables, fruits, cereals due to diseases and infections is a signal for conducting relevant government research and developing the necessary measures - vaccination, the use of vitamins and top dressing, the establishment of restrictive (quarantine) measures and control over their observance. The formation of the "cause-effect" chain is carried out within the framework of the real-time system.

[00106] As the information in the system increases and the load on the technical means of data storage, a similar method of forming databases can be applied to other blocks of the system 100 .

[00107] The advantages of marking goods using the Data Matrix relative to the claimed invention in comparison with other marking methods are:

- the possibility of entering a much larger amount of information;

- high degree of protection.

[00108] In addition, the Data Matrix code can be read with partial (up to 30% area) damage.

[00109] For example, as an additional labeling element, inclusion in the list of product characteristics displayed in the Data Matrix labeling code, information on classifying products as “eco” can be implemented. At the same time, a prerequisite for assigning the status of "eco-products" will be documentary evidence of compliance with all technological, sanitary and other regulatory requirements provided for by law, in particular, Federal Law No. 280-FZ of 03.08. legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, GOST R 56104-2014, GOST 33980-2016, GOST R 57022-2016, GOST R 58662-2019, GOST R 58661-2019, GOST R 58660-2019, GOST R 58658-2019, GOST R 58659 -2019, GOST R 58663-2019 or Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union 2018/848 of May 30, 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products. At the same time, the management server will take into account such goods in priority order when forming an offer at the request of the consumer.

[00110] The purpose of the system 100 for conducting trading transactions using electronic means is to guarantee the successful conclusion of a transaction and the implementation of a cashless transaction on it, the ability to provide the consumer with the maximum amount of information about the product without reducing the speed of the system and the reliability of its operation, through the input marking of all goods Data Matrix marking code.

[00111] Thus, a prerequisite for granting access to the system 100 is to fill in the registration information. When filling out the registration form, the field indicating belonging to one of the provided categories of users (user ranking) is mandatory. Depending on the category, users have different functional access to system data:

• the system operator has access to all blocks of the system in order to provide the possibility of detailed data analysis and planning of the main directions of development for the long and short term;

• state institutions (public authorities) have access to the block server of the archive of the system's operations in order to provide the possibility of detailed data analysis;

• owners and consumers of goods have access to the goods catalog, to the goods catalog database server, logistic capabilities database server, operations archive block;

• financial institutions have access to the financial block, as well as to the transaction archive server in terms of the financial services provided and the need for them;

• Logistics operators have access to the logistic capabilities database block server, the analytical block and the financial block in terms of the types of services they provide (transportation, storage, packaging, etc.).

[00112] For users who are owners of goods (subjects of a transaction), it is mandatory to fill out a form for each type of goods.

[00113] The content of the form is determined taking into account the requirements of the law, including GOSTs and sanitary standards. Also, the owner can additionally include any information that the user, such as compliance with the standards of other states, additional audio, video information about the product, information about the conditions of its production, etc.

[00114] If all the form data is successfully completed by the control server 110 through the labeling unit 320 , each product is assigned a Data Matrix labeling code, which takes into account and encrypts all the information provided by the user.

[00115] The management server 110 of the system 100 determines the average market price of the product and generates an offer based on the block of the server of the archive of operations 130 . The user-owner of the product can adjust the price issued by the control server 110 up or down.

[00116] In turn, the consumer user generates a transaction request, and the product catalog database server 120 and the management server 110 generate product demand data and solutions. When forming a solution, the information contained in the logistics capabilities server of logistics 140 and the finance block is also taken into account. The result is a choice of a solution by the user-consumer, the conclusion of a smart contract within the framework of the system 100 and the transaction in a non-cash form through the financial block of the system 100 after the user-consumer confirms receipt of the marked goods.

[00117] The conclusion of a smart contract can be organized as follows.

[00118] The owner of the product, using the user's device, registers his product in the system by registering the Data Matrix marking code and / or product URL in a public blockchain registry hosted in the blockchain database. To do this, the owner of the goods contacts the certification server. The certification server has access to a database of records (chains). That is, the owner asks the server for a release, and the server, accordingly, registers a record by means of updating the blockchain of the data chain in the database. By adding a new entry to the chain, the owner can additionally specify his data, that is, he identifies himself, the owner's identification data is also stored in the chain. Subsequently, if an attacker tries to change the data (rewrite the chain), then the attacker will additionally need to specify the data of the original owner who issued the original record in order to make changes to the original record. Owner data may include login and password, identification data of an individual or legal entity, etc.

[00119] The control server registers an entry in the chain, updates the chain in the database, ensuring that the selected product by the user is provided by the initial deposit of the product in wallet A (wallet ID) with the deposit B itself and the certificate ID. The identifier is a token containing a hash token or any other token. The token can be made with the participation of crypto providers and issued, including using an EDS (electronic digital signature) that validates the owner.

[00120] Based on the token and the entry in the chain, the certification server issues a smart contract ("smart contract" from the English smart contract) having a signature. A smart contract is signed using methods similar to controlling the movement and sending of funds in cryptocurrency networks. After signing by the parties, the contract comes into force. The terms of the contract must have a mathematical description and a clear execution logic. Having unhindered access to the contract objects, the smart contract monitors the achievement or violation of points according to the specified conditions and makes independent decisions based on the programmed conditions. Thus, the main principle of a smart contract is the complete automation and reliability of the execution of contractual relations. In fact, a smart contract is a program code that contains information about a transaction in the "if ... then" format. For example, in a smart contract, a condition of the form can be specified: if the user came to see the product, check the token indicator with ordinal (serial) No. 11111. If the token value is >100 units, then allow access to the product. Another example may explain the deposit control of a cryptocurrency wallet. For example, if a user came to view a product, check wallet deposit #22222. If the wallet deposit is ≥100 units of cryptocurrency, then allow access to the product.

[00121] Variants of this solution using smart contracts allow you to automate the verification of indicators (records) in blockchain chains, including without direct user access to data and information on the seller's side. Verification is performed automatically on the server side, which further reduces the amount of information transmitted to the end user. All contracts are stored in the blockchain chains in encrypted form. That is, only the parties to the contract (the webmaster and the certification server) know about the terms of the contract, and third parties cannot make changes to the program code (rewrite the contract in the chain). This is due to the structure and principles of blockchain technology and the features of this solution.

[00122] One of the features of the present technical solution is a combination of a blockchain token indicator and a blockchain record, which, as already mentioned, verify the owner of the goods and a blockchain token indicator, additionally confirming the fact that a transaction was issued by a specific owner. A pair of blockchain token and blockchain record form a certificate within a smart contract, which, upon subsequent verification by the user's client device, verifies or does not verify the goods. To do this, the web browser of the client device communicates with a database that stores blockchain chains with blockchain tokens and corresponding blockchain records in smart contracts, which will be described in more detail below.

[00123] The database is hosted on a remote server or, in the case of a distributed structure, on multiple servers. The server, in the process of filling the database, registers transactions and blockchain tokens issued for goods, the chains are published in a single global space through the blockchain chain. In the chain, each of the certificates consists of a header and several transactions, which are organized as a hash tree.

[00124] The block header consists of:

[00125] a) the time when the miner (certificate owner) starts generating a block;

[00126] b) a digest of the last block header in the block chain, such as the current token index.

[00127] Transaction records contain lists (transaction or record type, Data Matrix tagging code) of changes and transactions, eg sorted by date and time or lexicographically. Different types of transactions can be issued in the certificate chain. The first type of transaction is signed by the server using its key or key pair. The key can be public or private, generated using the password and login of the client device. When the certificate expires and is renewed, the new key will be included in the next transaction. If the certificate is revoked, it will be excluded from the next transaction. Transactions of the second type are used to initialize or reset key pairs.

[00128] In cases where the product identifier (Data Matrix marking code) is initially entered into the blockchain chain, the fact of its “publication” can be signed using several other products. These goods will act as "guarantors" of the new registered goods. The sponsor can be, among other things, the product of one product of the company when the company launches a new product.

[00129] The server then generates a certificate for the new item based on the "guarantor" keys. All transactions are continuously publicly published by the server on the blockchain. In the case of issuing a certificate with a sponsor, the server generates a new certificate based on previously issued "guarantor" certificates.

[00130] In the smart contract variant of the present solution, the new contract being issued may additionally have a condition to verify the validity of its sponsor's contract execution.

[00131] In each operation, the server(s) are allowed to publish one or more transactions. If the users of the system (miners) receive both transactions of the first type and transactions of the second type with the same product ID, the transaction of the second type takes precedence. If there are several transactions of the same name and type of goods, the server selects one of them based on the timestamps of the registration of the arrival of the transaction and / or the time the request was generated on the side of the client device. The browser of the client device interacts with the network of servers in a peer-to-peer manner, other client devices can receive updates directly from the server or from other clients. When the client device's browser establishes a connection to the server, it can additionally verify its certificate on the server using a local copy of the certificate from the client device's memory.

[00132] In embodiments of the present solution, the browser checks the conditions for validating the smart contract and checks whether the conditions of the token indicator are met in relation to the requested item. In this case, the server and / or browser accesses the database in which the smart contract is stored, the contract specifies a) verification conditions (fulfillment of the contract conditions) and b) the verified subject. The verified subject can be a specific token or several tokens stored in the database and specified in the smart contract. In this case, the contract can specify the threshold value of the indicator, in case of reaching (or exceeding/decreasing) which the smart contract is considered to be executed or, accordingly, not executed.

[00133] In other embodiments of the present solution, the verified entity may be a wallet and / or a cryptocurrency index of the token, which is specified in the smart contract for verification. In case of reconciliation of the indicator of a token or wallet, the deposit of the wallet or token is checked. In addition, in variants of smart contracts, it is possible to reconcile the nature of the change. For example, in the solution options, the nature of the change in the current indicator of the blockchain token (or wallet deposit) is an increase or decrease in the indicator of the blockchain token (or wallet deposit).

[00134] In embodiments of the present solution, during verification, the server checks a pair of records, including

[00135] a) the current certificate status of the requested website, and

[00136] b) the value of the token, which, at the time of verification, may be higher than, equal to, or lower than the initially registered value of the token.

[00137] The use of smart contract algorithms makes it possible to unify document flow as much as possible, automate transaction processes and significantly reduce the time for concluding and executing contracts.

[00138] Operation of the system for conducting trading operations of the user providing logistics services is similar to the operation of the user-owner of the goods, except that operation is carried out through the server of logistics capabilities.

[00139] Such ranking of users and redirecting them by the control server to work with the corresponding server additionally unloads the control unit and reduces its computational load.

[00140] The computing system may include a display interface that transmits graphics, text, and other data from the communications infrastructure (or from a framebuffer, not shown) for display on a media component. The computing system further includes input devices or peripherals. Peripheral devices may include one or more devices for interacting with a user's mobile communications device, such as a keyboard, microphone, wearable device, camera, one or more audio speakers, and other sensors. Peripherals may be external or internal to the user's mobile communications device. The touch screen may display, typically, graphics and text, and also provides a user interface (such as, but not limited to, a graphical user interface (GUI)) through which a subject may interact with the user's mobile communications device, such as accessing and interacting with with applications running on the device.

[00141] The elements of the proposed technical solution are in a functional relationship, and their joint use leads to the creation of a new and unique technical solution. Thus, all blocks are functionally connected.

[00142] All blocks used in the system can be implemented using electronic components used to create digital integrated circuits, which is obvious to a person skilled in the art. Not limited to, microcircuits, the logic of which is determined during manufacture, or programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGA), the logic of which is set by programming, can be used. Programmers and debugging environments are used for programming, allowing you to set the desired structure of a digital device in the form of a circuit diagram or a program in special hardware description languages: Verilog, VHDL, AHDL, etc. An alternative to FPGAs can be programmable logic controllers (PLCs), basic matrix crystals ( BMK), requiring a factory production process for programming; ASIC - specialized custom-made large integrated circuits (LSI), which are significantly more expensive for small-scale and single-piece production.

[00143] Typically, the FPGA chip itself consists of the following components:

• configurable logical blocks that implement the required logical function;

• programmable electronic links between configurable logic blocks;

• programmable input/output blocks that provide communication between the external output of the microcircuit and the internal logic.

[00144] Blocks can also be implemented using read-only memories.

[00145] Thus, the implementation of all used blocks is achieved by standard means based on the classical principles of implementing the fundamentals of computer technology.

[00146] As one of skill in the art will appreciate, aspects of the present technical solution may be implemented as a system, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, various aspects of the present technical solution may be implemented solely as hardware, as software (including application software, etc.), or as an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects, which may be generally referred to as a "module" , "system" or "architecture". In addition, aspects of the present technical solution may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-readable media having computer-readable program code embodied thereon.

[00147] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media can also be used. The computer-readable storage medium can be, without limitation, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specifically, examples (non-exhaustive list) of a computer-readable storage medium include: an electrical connection using one or more wires, a portable computer diskette; hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), fiber optic connection, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device or any combination of the above. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium can be any flexible storage medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with a system, device, apparatus, or in connection with them.

[00148] The program code embedded in a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any medium, including, without limitation, wireless, wired, fiber optic, infrared, and any other suitable network or combination of the foregoing.

[00149] The computer program code for performing the operations for the steps of the present technical solution may be written in any programming language or combinations of programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Python, R, Java, Smalltalk, C++, and so on, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed in whole, in part on the user's computer, or as a separate software package, in part on the user's computer and in part on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a connection to an external computer (eg, via the Internet via ISPs).

[00150] Aspects of the present technical solution have been described in detail with reference to block diagrams, circuit diagrams and/or diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products in accordance with embodiments of the present technical solution. It should be appreciated that each block from the block diagram and/or diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks from the block diagram and/or diagrams, may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to the processor of a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or other data processing device to create a procedure, such that the instructions executed by the computer processor or other programmable data processing device create the means to implement the functions/actions specified in block or blocks of a flowchart and/or diagram.

[00151] These computer program instructions may also be stored on a computer-readable medium that can control a computer other than a programmable data processing device or other than devices that operate in a particular manner such that the instructions stored on the computer-readable medium create a device including instructions that perform the functions/actions indicated in the block diagram and/or diagram.

Claims (25)

1. A computer system for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing, which are interconnected via a data bus based on the RS-485 standard, containing: - a control server configured to centrally manage the system for conducting trading operations between users based on smart contracts, generating and distributing data received from system blocks, containing: safety unit configured to interaction with system blocks through a bidirectional serial data connection; and in case of detection of signals about security violations, blocking of information flows between system blocks by disconnecting the connection between them and increasing the error counter; informing the system operator about the detected violations with the signal code and the place of the incident; - a product catalog database server containing: a goods registration unit configured to obtain information about system users and their goods; a product labeling unit, configured to obtain product information according to a predetermined pattern, which is obtained from the product registration unit; assigning to goods a marking code containing detailed information about the goods; - finance block, which is an electronic showcase of financial instruments available to system users, containing: a block of support measures containing a database formed by commercial and state participants in the operation of the system, containing information on available financial and non-financial support measures and tools for obtaining it; a block of services configured to carry out transactions and conclude transactions based on smart contracts. 2. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that the security unit contains cryptographic encryption algorithms for encrypting transaction data and/or user personal data and/or goods owner data. 3. The computer system according to claim 2, characterized in that if a signal violation occurs between the system units, the security unit sends an error message to the control server or directly to the system operator. 4. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that the integration unit performs the integration of analog addressable devices and systems for conducting trading operations using electronic means of information processing. 5. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that the product catalog is a structured database of food and non-food products, which is filled with manufacturers (suppliers) indicating detailed information about products according to a predetermined template. 6. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the goods marking block, as a result of filling in all the characteristics required for this type of goods, the goods are assigned a two-dimensional marking code containing detailed information about the goods. 7. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking with the marking block is carried out automatically in electronic form, provided that the seller (supplier) provides mandatory information about the product in accordance with the form provided by the system in advance. 8. The computer system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system additionally contains a logistic capabilities database server, which is a two-loop set of information about the workload of storage facilities, and / or about the need to increase the area of storage facilities and / or change their types, and/or the availability of containers and/or universal means of transport, and/or the workload of transport companies transporting goods. 9. Computer system according to claim 8, characterized in that the database server is Microsoft SQL ServerTM or OracleTM. 10. The computer system according to claim 8, characterized in that the server receives information from participants in commercial processes or through external state accounting channels through an integration unit. 11. The computer system according to claim 8, characterized in that the logistic capabilities database server includes three mandatory blocks: a transport block containing a database containing information about the transport and means of transportation of the subjects of the transaction; a block of property containing a database of availability and occupancy of premises for storing items of a transaction; block of services containing a database formed by users of the system containing information about the services provided for packaging, packaging of goods.

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