RU2774909C1 - Method for extinguishing forest fires from air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method fire extinguishing forest fires by means of fire-fighting planes collecting water for extinguishing the fire directly from a water body. The method for extinguishing forest fires from air includes: collecting water directly from a water body by means of apparatus placed on an aerial vehicle (AV) and delivering the collected water to the point of forest fire and dumping in on the fire sources. An aerial transport and technological fire extinguishing complex (VTTC) is used to implement the method, including: an AV - a no-aerodrome aerostatically unloaded air-cushioned aircraft consisting of wing consoles, tail fins, cruise power units for horizontal flight of the AV, a centre section, installed in the channel whereof is an elevating screw for vertical landing on a water and takeoff therefrom, as well as a central cargo compartment (CGO), configured for a water tank to be placed on the bottom thereof, wherein the bottom is secured to the CGO using locks and telescopic lifts, has rotary transfer gates for collecting water into the tank and is configured to be disconnected from the CGO by moving vertically by means of the lifts, wherein a water displacement inflatable landing torus is installed underneath the centre section in order to ensure the buoyancy of the AV on surface and guard the air cushion; a sprinkling unit integrated into the structure of the AV, consisting of a water tank, a tank supercharging system, pipelines, electric valves for connecting the tank with the pipelines, and nozzles for supplying water to the fire source, arranged along the length of the pipeline.

EFFECT: invention allows for a significant increase in the efficiency of extinguishing forest fires from air, comparable to the efficiency of natural rain.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for extinguishing forest fires from the air using firefighting aircraft that take water to extinguish a fire directly from a reservoir: rivers, lakes, seas, etc. This method is carried out, for example, in Russia using a Be-200 seaplane.

The advantage of these aircraft (AC): significantly shorter time for delivering water to the fire site due to the short time for refueling the aircraft with water (10 ... 20 seconds) instead of several hours for refueling an airfield fire aircraft.

However, the main disadvantages of the method of extinguishing forest fires from the air using these aircraft are the following:

- low carrying capacity (no more than 15 tons), which leads to a short-term effect on the fire (no more than 15 seconds);

- high flight speed, for example, the Be aircraft - 200 to 250 km / h, which leads to a significant loss of fire extinguishing fluid;

- restriction on the use of reservoirs due to the large length of the takeoff run when taking water.

All these shortcomings lead to low efficiency of extinguishing forest fires from the air.

A new way of extinguishing forest fires from the air is proposed, which eliminates the above disadvantages.

It consists in the use of the so-called aerodrome-free aircraft with aerostatic unloading (BARS) with a large payload (http: www.tumenecotrans.ru), on which a sprinkler is placed, similar to a ground sprinkler designed for irrigating crops.

A new way to extinguish forest fires from the air with the help of BARS is as follows:

- BARS sits vertically on a pond and takes water within a few seconds;

- after filling the reservoir with water, the aircraft (LA) takes off vertically or with a short takeoff and flies until the forest fire;

- with the help of a sprinkler when flying over a fire at low speed (50 ... 60 km / h) and flight altitude (no more than 50 m), the aircraft produces rain-like irrigation of the required intensity, depending on the state of combustion;

- after all the liquid has been used up, the aircraft returns to the reservoir for a new portion of water to repeat the fire extinguishing operations.

Flights "pond" - "fire" - "pond" are carried out until the forest fire is localized.

The device of the technological complex of fire extinguishing

Further in the text, instead of a fire extinguishing technological complex using BARS and a sprinkler installation, the concept of "Air transport and technological complex (VTTK)" of "Rain" fire extinguishing is used.

Shown in FIG. 1 VTTK fire extinguishing system "Rain" consists of LA BARS and a sprinkler system, the structures of which are integrated with each other.

BARS device

BARS is structurally designed in such a way that it implements three types of lift: aerostatic, aerodynamic and reactive with the ability to move and take off using an air cushion (AC), which makes it possible to provide a large carrying capacity, the necessary speed and flight altitude to extinguish a forest fire.

The BARS airframe, which is a composite wing, consists of a center section 1, in the channel of which an elevating screw 2 is installed, a central cargo compartment (CCL) 3 with a reservoir 5 placed on its bottom 4, wing consoles 6. The bottom is fixed to the CLC using locks (not shown) and telescopic lifts 7, have swivel doors 8 of the sluice type and can be detached from the CGO, moving vertically due to the lifts.

From the bottom of the center section, in addition to the wheeled chassis (not shown), a displacement inflatable landing torus 9 is installed, which ensures the buoyancy of the aircraft on the water and also serves as a fence for the VP.

BARS has a tail 10 and propulsion power plants 11 designed for horizontal flight. BARS, shown in the form a) - fig. 1 is shown in flight position while fighting a forest fire from the air.

Sprinkler device

The sprinkling plant is integrated into the structure of the aircraft and consists of a water tank 5, sluice rotary valves 8, a pressurization system 12 of the tank, pipelines 13 connected to the tank 5, electrovalves (not shown) placed along the entire span in the center section 1 and wing consoles 6 pipelines , on which nozzles 14 are installed. BARS, shown in view b) - fig. 1 is shown in the position of drawing water from a reservoir.

The principle of operation of the VTTK fire extinguishing "Rain"

The principle of operation of the VTTK fire extinguishing "Rain" is as follows. Operation 1: In level flight, with the help of marching power plants 11 BARS selects for water intake the nearest reservoir from a forest fire (lake, river, etc.).

Operation 2: Having previously released the inflatable landing torus 9 from the center section 1 and turned on the lifting screw 2, the BARS hoveres at a small height above the reservoir using the jet thrust of the propeller and makes a vertical landing on it.

Operation 3: To take water from the reservoir, the bottom 4 with the tank 5 located on it is immersed into the water with the help of lifts 7. In this case, the locks and solenoid valves of the tank are activated, respectively, to disconnect the bottom from the CGO 3 and the pipeline 13 from the tank.

Operation 4: The sluice doors 8 open (Fig. 1b) and after filling the tank 5 with water for a few seconds, they close.

Operation 5: The bottom is lifted with the tank located on it due to the lifts 7 and it is installed in the CGO 3. At the same time, the bottom 4 is fixed using locks and the tank 5 is connected to pipelines 13 using electrovalves.

Operation 6: The aircraft with the collected water takes off vertically from the reservoir using the thrust of the elevating screw 2, or with a short takeoff run using the EP and makes a horizontal flight to the forest fire site due to the main power plants 11.

Operation 7: In the fire zone, the aircraft takes the optimal parameters for extinguishing the fire: altitude, flight speed and water supply through nozzles 14 of pipelines 13 located in the center section 1 and wing consoles 6. The amount of water flow through the nozzles is regulated depending on the intensity of forest burning. The regulation of water flow through the nozzles is carried out by changing the air pressure in the tank using the pressurization system 12. The so-called salvo discharge of water to strong combustion centers is also possible by opening the sluice valves 8.

Operation 8: After using up all the water from the tank, the aircraft returns to the reservoir for the next portion of water and all the above operations are repeated.

The above method of extinguishing a forest fire from the air using the VTTK fire extinguishing "Rain" allows you to create artificial rain over the fire for several minutes and thereby ensure effective fire extinguishing.

The appendix contains two tables: a calculation table of fire extinguishing parameters using BARS and a table of extinguishing parameters using a Be-200 seaplane, when compared, the following conclusions can be drawn:

with the actual density of the strait (and the second flow rate of water) being the same, the area of the coverage area with the use of BARS is 1, 2 orders of magnitude greater than the area of the coverage area with the use of Be-200;

the use, for example, of even one small BARS with a carrying capacity of 60 tons (Violet -15) will make it possible to replace eight Be-200 aircraft in order to extinguish a fire on an area of 4.4 hectares (with a strait density of 1.36 l/m ² ).

Claims (6)

1. A method of extinguishing forest fires from the air, comprising taking water directly from a reservoir using devices placed on an aircraft (LA), and then delivering the collected water to a forest fire and pouring it on the fires, characterized in that for the implementation of the method is used air transport and technological complex (VTTK) for fire fighting, which includes: Aircraft, a non-aerodrome hovercraft with aerostatic unloading, consisting of wing consoles, tail empennage, marching power plants for the horizontal flight of the aircraft, a center section in the channel of which a lifting screw is installed for vertical landing on a reservoir and takeoff from it, as well as a central cargo compartment (CGO) with the possibility of placing a water tank on its bottom, while the bottom is fixed to the CGO with the help of locks and telescopic lifts and it has rotary sluice doors for taking water into the tank and is made with the ability to detach from the CGO, moving vertically due to the lifts , at the same time, a displacement inflatable landing torus is installed below the center section to ensure the buoyancy of the aircraft on the water and protect the air cushion; a sprinkler system integrated into the aircraft design, consisting of a water tank, a tank pressurization system, pipelines, solenoid valves for connecting the tank to the pipelines and nozzles for supplying water to the fire, located along the length of the pipeline. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the aircraft for water intake makes a vertical landing directly on the reservoir. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a lock system is used for water intake. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the pipelines of the sprinkling installation are placed over the entire transverse dimension, span of the aircraft.

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