RU2774621C1 - Method for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: infected medical waste disinfecting.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to a method and device for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation. In the method, moistened medical waste is placed in a container, hermetically sealed and installed in a working chamber of the device located in the housing, where the waste is heated using microwave radiation. Then the steam-gas mixture is withdrawn from the container into the outlet channel of the working chamber with further release into the atmosphere. The vapor-gas mixture from the closed container is passed through the filter element of the lid, and the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria is released through two outlet channels of the filter element into the working chamber of the device. Then the vapor-gas mixture is sent to the outlet channel located in the upper part of the working chamber, the inlet of which is equipped with a metal mesh serving as a screen for microwave radiation, and the outlet is equipped with a fan, which serves to increase the rate of emission of the vapor-gas mixture into the atmosphere, purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria. The method is carried out using a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process installed in the device housing. Moistened infected medical waste in closed containers is installed on a movable platform, which during microwave irradiation of the waste is brought into reciprocating motion with the same forward and reverse stroke relative to the center of the chamber, equal to 0.5 of the maximum overall size of one container D_m, and the linear speed of movement containers is 0.8 cm/s. The volume of the working chamber is made with the possibility of installing eight containers in it, four close to each other in two rows, where they are subjected to microwave irradiation using eight magnetrons installed outside the chamber, then the purified vapor-gas mixture leaving the containers is sent through two discharge channels to an additional introduced common outlet. The device comprises a housing located inside the housing, a working chamber, outside of which magnetrons are made. In the working chamber there is a closed container with a protective cover, equipped with a block with a filter element and two outlet channels that serve to drain the hot vapor-gas mixture leaving the container into the working chamber, on top of which there is an outlet channel that serves to eject the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria. mixtures to the atmosphere. The outlet channel at the inlet is equipped with a metal mesh and at the outlet with a fan, the device is also equipped with a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process. The base of the working chamber is made with a movable platform, while the gap between the lower edge of the platform and the bottom of the chamber is 2 mm, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the platform and the vertical walls of the chamber is 21 mm. The base has a central longitudinal slot, through which the upper part of the driving toothed gear ensures reliable engagement with the chain corresponding to the gear, rigidly mounted from the bottom of the movable platform along the longitudinal axis of its symmetry. The width of the slot is 4 mm, the length of the slot is determined by the length of the gear chord along the line of the lower surface of the bottom of the working chamber, and the toothed gear itself is rigidly mounted on a shaft, which, with the possibility of rotation in both directions, is rigidly mounted on the bottom of the working chamber on the carrier frame and is driven by an electric drive, located on this frame. The length L of the working chamber is in relation to its width A and height B, equal to L:A:B=2.5:1:0.76. The dimensions of the chamber allow the installation on a mobile platform of eight, four close to each other in two rows, closed containers with a maximum size equal to D_m=0.18L, for processing infected medical waste contained in them with microwave radiation, the working chamber is equipped with eight magnetrons located four in two rows, which are placed outside the working chamber on its upper part in the equipment compartment, closed by a lid, and connected to the chamber by means of eight segments of rectangular waveguides rigidly installed on it. In turn, the cover of the equipment compartment is provided with horizontal and vertical rows of windows both for intake of cooling magnetrons and their power sources of air, and for removal of exhaust air outside the equipment compartment. On the upper part of the working chamber, two outlet channels are additionally installed, the outlets of the outlet channels are rigidly fixed in the corresponding holes of the additionally introduced common outlet channel, and the outlet of the common outlet channel is connected to the fan inlet, which is designed to increase the rate of ejection of the vapor-gas mixture into the free atmosphere outside the working room. , where L is the length of the working chamber; A - width of the working chamber; B - height of the working chamber; D_m - max container size.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency and productivity of disinfection of medical infected waste.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the sanitary and epidemiological field of medicine, and in particular to methods and devices for microwave disinfection of epidemiologically dangerous medical waste, and can be used in centralized centers for the disinfection and neutralization of class B medical waste, as well as in large medical centers, where, in the course of their activities, class B waste, the flow of which is (85-120) kg / h or more, and which, in accordance with the regulatory and technical document "Sanitary rules and norms SanPin 2.1.3684-21, chapter X, paragraph 183" https:// docs.cntd.ru/document/573536177 it is forbidden to export undisinfected from the territory of a medical institution.

Known "Autoclave microwave installation", containing a housing located inside the housing of a microwave microwave chamber containing at least one microwave generator, characterized in that an autoclave chamber is placed inside the microwave chamber, while there is a gap between the microwave chamber and the autoclave chamber, and inside A dissector is placed in the microwave chamber, the unit is equipped with a control unit. RF patent for invention No. 2740975, IPC; A61L 2/12, publ 05/29/2020 Known 1 “Method of disinfection and heating of liquids by exposure to microwave energy on the flow of the processed liquid passing through a rectangular waveguide at an angle to its wide wall, while the flow of the processed liquid is affected by silver ions from calculation of its concentration in the treated liquid is 0.01-0.02 mg/l, the liquid flow has an expanding shape from the entrance to the waveguide to the exit from it, characterized in that the liquid flow is fed into a tube installed in the final coaxial absorbing device, which has a cone-shaped expanding shape, the diameter d of which at the entrance to the terminal coaxial absorbing device is equal to 0.06-0.15 of the length of the used microwave wave and the diameter D at the exit of the terminal coaxial absorbing device is 0.18-0.47 of the length of this microwave wave, the flow of the processed liquids are additionally turbulized, and the effect of silver ions is carried out by placing silver in the turbulized flow of the processed liquid wire. 2. A device for disinfection and heating of liquids, including 1 or 2 microwave generators, a rectangular waveguide with a flange, a terminal coaxial absorber, a tube made of radio-transparent material, characterized in that a tube having a cone-shaped expanding shape is installed in the terminal coaxial absorber, diameter d of which at the entrance to the terminal coaxial absorbing device is equal to 0.06-0.15 of the length of the used microwave wave and the diameter D at the exit of the terminal coaxial absorbing device is equal to 0.18-0.47 of the length of this microwave wave, a turbulator is located inside the tube flow from a radio-transparent material, made in the form of a rod rigidly fixed along the longitudinal axis of the tube, on which disks are fixed, having a diameter equal to half the diameter of the tube at the location of the disk, and a spiral of one or more turns of silver wire is placed on the outer diameters of the turbulator disks.

RF patent for the invention No. 2694034, IPC: A61L 2/12, d. publ. 07/08/2019

There are also installations https://terralab.by/catalog/medister/ MediSter 10, MediSter 20, MediSter 60, MediSter 160 manufactured by Meteka, Switzerland. The units are used in hospitals and laboratories of various profiles for microwave disinfection of class B and C medical waste. Disinfection is carried out on the basis of microwave radiation technology. Each MediSter installation contains a working chamber into which one closed container with hazardous waste is loaded, and the MediSter 160 installation has the maximum productivity for one working cycle of disinfection - up to 60 l / h (up to 26 kg / h). The disadvantages of the MediSter 160, as the most productive in this model range, include low productivity during one working cycle of disinfection.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is

1. A method for disinfecting infected medical waste using microwave radiation, in which moistened medical waste is placed in a container, then the container is hermetically sealed and installed in the working chamber of the device located in the housing, where the waste is heated using microwave radiation, in a hermetically sealed in the container, thermal decomposition of medical waste occurs with the simultaneous formation of a hot vapor-gas mixture, the pressure of which increases from heating, then the hot vapor-gas mixture is removed from the container into the outlet channel of the working chamber with further release into the atmosphere, in addition, the method is carried out using a devices of the system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process, characterized in that the hot vapor-gas mixture in a closed container is passed through a filter element equipped with a perforated surface with a volumetric porosity of 75% and with a retention threshold, equal to m 100-200 m, and the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria is released through two outlet channels of the filter element into the working chamber of the device, then the vapor-gas mixture is sent to the discharge channel located in the upper part of the working chamber in the form of an exhaust pipe, the inlet of which is equipped with a metal a grid serving as a screen for microwave radiation, and at the outlet of the outlet channel of the working chamber, the rate of ejection of the gas-vapor mixture into the atmosphere is increased by means of a fan.

2. A device for disinfecting infected medical waste using microwave radiation, containing a housing with a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process, located inside the housing, a working chamber, outside of which two symmetrically located magnetrons are made, a container with transparent walls is placed in the working chamber and equipped with a lid connected to the container by means of clips with the formation of an internal space for placing moistened infected medical waste to be processed by microwave radiation, a unit for removing the hot vapor-gas mixture emerging from the container, which is formed inside the container during exposure to it with microwave radiation, located in the upper part of the container, characterized in that the container is equipped with a conical body expanding upwards with a lid tightly fixed on it with two holes, which are combined with a block for removing the hot vapor-gas mixture emerging from the container, after the first one is installed inside the container and is made in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical filter element with a perforated surface, on both sides of which two outlet bent tubular elements are rigidly installed, the opposite ends of which, in turn, are aligned with two holes in the container lid, while the filter element and the outlet tubular elements are made of a dielectric hydrophobic material that is heat-resistant and resistant to hazardous substances, in addition, in the upper part of the body of the working chamber, an outlet channel is made in the form of an outlet pipe, the inlet of which is equipped with a metal mesh that serves as a screen for microwave radiation, and a fan is installed at the outlet of the outlet pipe of the channel of the working chamber, which serves to increase the rate of emission into the atmosphere of the vapor-gas mixture, purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria.

RF patent for invention No. 2666513, IPC: A61L 2/12, publ. 09/07/2017

The disadvantage of this method and device is the low efficiency of the method and the productivity of the installation due to the small volume of the working microwave chamber, which does not allow decontaminating a significant number of containers with medical waste during one working cycle.

The technical result of the method is to increase the efficiency of disinfection of medically infected waste by using the impact on eight closed containers installed on the reciprocating moving platform of the working chamber, the radiation of eight magnetrons, which contributes to additional mixing of waste in an electromagnetic field, and, as a result, there are more of them. intensive heating, as well as equalizing the temperature of the waste and reducing the possibility of ignition of some of their fragments.

The technical result of the device includes an increase in its productivity through the use of a movable platform located above the bottom of the working chamber with a simultaneous increase in its volume, which makes it possible to simultaneously place eight closed containers with infected waste into it.

Both technical results make it possible to achieve a sharp increase in the disinfection of a significant amount of medical waste and at the same time reduce the harmfulness of the gas-vapor mixture purified from pathogenic bacteria when released into the atmosphere. In addition, when implementing this invention, the risk of ignition of waste during heating in the working chamber of the device is sharply reduced. Technical results are achieved as follows:

1. The method for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation is carried out as follows: moistened medical waste is placed in a container, hermetically sealed and installed in the working chamber of the device located in the housing, where the waste is heated using microwave radiation. Then the steam-gas mixture is withdrawn from the container into the outlet channel of the working chamber with further release into the atmosphere. In this case, the vapor-gas mixture from the closed container is passed through the filter element of the lid, and the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria is released through two outlet channels of the filter element into the working chamber of the device. Then the vapor-gas mixture is sent to the outlet channel located in the upper part of the working chamber, the inlet of which is equipped with a metal mesh serving as a screen for microwave radiation, and the outlet is equipped with a fan, which serves to increase the rate of emission of the vapor-gas mixture into the atmosphere, purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the method is carried out using a monitoring and control system for the operating parameters of the disinfection process installed in the device housing. At the same time, moistened infected medical waste in closed containers is installed on a movable platform, which, during microwave irradiation of the waste, is brought into reciprocating motion with the same forward and reverse stroke relative to the center of the chamber, equal to 0.5 of the maximum overall size of one container D _m , and the linear speed of the containers is 0.8 cm/s. Moreover, the volume of the working chamber is made with the possibility of installing eight containers in it, four close to each other in two rows, where they are subjected to microwave irradiation using eight magnetrons installed outside the chamber. Then the hot and purified gas-vapor mixture leaving the containers is sent through two outlet channels to an additionally introduced common outlet channel. 2. A device for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation, contains a housing located inside the housing, a working chamber, outside of which magnetrons are made, and a closed container with a protective cover equipped with a block with a filter element and two outlet channels is placed in the working chamber, serving to divert the hot gas-vapor mixture leaving the container into the working chamber, on top of which there is an outlet channel that serves to eject the gas-vapor mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria into the atmosphere. Moreover, the outlet channel at the inlet is equipped with a metal mesh, and at the outlet with a fan, the device is also equipped with a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process. At the same time, the base of the working chamber is made with a movable platform, and the gap between the lower edge of the platform and the bottom of the chamber is 2 mm, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the platform and the vertical walls of the chamber is 21 mm. In addition, a central longitudinal slot is made in the base, through which the upper part of the driving gear provides reliable engagement with the chain corresponding to the gear, which is rigidly mounted from the bottom of the movable platform along the longitudinal axis of its symmetry. Moreover, the width of the slot is 4 mm, the length of the slot is determined by the length of the gear chord along the line of the lower surface of the bottom of the working chamber, and the gear itself is rigidly mounted on a shaft, which is rigidly mounted on the bottom of the working chamber on the carrier frame with the possibility of rotation in both directions and is driven by an electric drive. located on this frame. At the same time, the length L of the working chamber is in relation to its width A and height B, equal to L:A:B=2.5:1:0.76. In addition, the dimensions of the chamber allow the installation on a movable platform of eight, four close to each other in two rows, closed containers with a maximum size equal to D _m =0.18L. For processing infected medical waste in containers with microwave radiation, the working chamber is equipped with eight magnetrons, arranged four in two rows, which are placed outside the working chamber on its upper part in the equipment compartment, closed by a lid, and connected to the chamber by means of eight rigidly mounted on it segments of rectangular waveguides. In turn, the cover of the instrument compartment is provided with horizontal and vertical rows of windows, both for intake of air cooling the magnetrons and their power sources, and for exhaust air outside the instrument compartment. In addition, two outlet channels are additionally installed on the upper part of the working chamber, the outlets of the outlet channels are rigidly fixed in the corresponding holes of the additionally introduced common outlet channel. At the same time, the outlet of the common outlet channel is connected to the inlet of the fan, which is configured to increase the rate of ejection of the vapor-gas mixture into the free atmosphere outside the working room, where:

L is the length of the working chamber;

A - width of the working chamber;

B - height of the working chamber;

Dm - max container size.

The method of disinfection by microwave radiation of infected medical waste in closed containers and the device for its implementation is illustrated by the drawings in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and tab. one.

Fig. 1 Device for decontamination of infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation (vertical section of the device along the longitudinal axis of symmetry).

Fig. 2 - Device for disinfection of infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation (general view of the device);

Fig. 3 - Device for disinfection of infected medical waste with microwave radiation in closed containers (view of the device with a partially extended platform with closed containers);

Fig. 4 - Device for disinfection of infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation (vertical section of the mechanical drive of the platform along the longitudinal axis of symmetry, the bottom of the working chamber. The rolling bearings on which the platform moves along the bottom of the chamber are not shown). A device for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation according to FIG. 1, 2, 3, and 4 contains a housing 1, which houses a working chamber 2, equipped with doors 3 (the doors are shown conditionally without means of protection against leakage of microwaves from the chamber to the outside during operation of the device), a control panel 4 with a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the process disinfection, installed on the right vertical wall of the housing 1, eight magnetrons 5 (magnetron power supplies and all equipment cooling fans are not shown in the figures), which are installed outside the microwave chamber 2 on its upper part 6 in the equipment compartment 7 and are connected to the chamber 2 by means of eight segments of rectangular waveguides 8, which provide good coordination between the outputs of magnetrons 5 and the working chamber 2 at their installation sites, eight containers 9 are placed in the working chamber 2 with lids tightly fixed on them with two (conditionally shown in Fig. 3) holes 10, representing are the outlets of the filter elements installed under the covers of the containers 9, the outlet exhaust channels 11, the inputs of which are equipped with metal grids 12 serving as a screen for microwave radiation, and the outputs of all outlet channels 11 are rigidly fixed in the corresponding holes of the additionally introduced common exhaust channel 13, the output of the common exhaust channel 13 is connected to the input of the fan 14, which serves to increase the speed ejection of the gas-vapor mixture into the free atmosphere outside the working room, the central row of windows 15 (4 pcs.), Made on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the upper horizontal part of the instrument compartment 7, and intended for the intake of atmospheric air, the flows of which cool all eight included magnetrons 5, four of which are located in the instrument compartment 7 on the upper part 6 of the chamber 2 to the left of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the device, and four others are located symmetrically to the right of this axis, a number of windows 16 (4 pcs.) Made to the left of the axis of symmetry on the upper horizontal part of the instrumental compartment 7, and intended for the fence atmospheric air for cooling the switched on power supplies of the left four magnetrons 5, a number of windows 17 (4 pcs.), made to the right of the symmetry axis on the upper horizontal part of the equipment compartment 7 and serving for the intake of atmospheric air during cooling of the four switched on power supplies of the right four magnetrons 5, a vertical row of windows 18 and 19 located both on the right vertical wall of the equipment compartment 7 and symmetrically on its left vertical wall (the left vertical wall of the equipment compartment 6 is not shown in the figures), while the windows 18 serve to remove warm air taken from surfaces of the respective magnetrons 5, and windows 19 - for the removal of warm air removed from the surfaces of the respective power sources of the magnetrons 5, a movable platform 20 of a rectangular shape, made of a conductive material and connected to the device body, and installed with a gap 21 between the bottom edge 22 of the platform 20 and chamber bottom 23 s possible smooth linear movement of closed containers back and forth within 0.5 of the maximum overall size of one container 9 during microwave processing of waste, and smooth movement of containers 9 for part of the length of the platform in both directions outside the open working chamber for loading onto it and unloading from than containers 9, a leading gear 24, reliably engaged with the corresponding gear 24 by a chain 25, rigidly mounted from the bottom of the platform 20 along the longitudinal axis of its symmetry on the shaft 26, which, with the possibility of smooth controlled rotation in both directions, is rigidly mounted from the bottom of the bottom 23 of the working chamber 2 on the carrier frame 27 and is driven by a controlled electric mechanism 28 located on the carrier frame 27.

It should be noted here that all rows 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 of the windows for taking cooling air into the equipment compartment 7 and removing exhausted warm air from it have protective shutters in accordance with the requirement for safe operation of the device, but the shutters themselves are not shown in the drawings. , since their lines merge at a given drawing scale.

The method of disinfection of infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation and the device for its implementation is carried out as follows: epidemiologically dangerous classes B and C medical waste is collected by employees of a medical organization in reusable medical containers 9 with a useful internal volume of 30 liters, in which radio-transparent polymer open bags, the color of which, like the color of containers 9, corresponds to the hazard class of the collected waste, respectively yellow (class B) or red (class C).

After filling the bag to 3/4 of its volume, the weight of the container does not exceed 14 kg, which allows one person to transport the loaded container. Containers 9 with waste, covered with lids with filter elements installed in them, are delivered on special trolleys to the decontamination and neutralization area allocated in a medical institution, and, lifting the lid of the container 9 by pressing the pedal of the trolley, pour 1 liter of water into the collected waste, tightly the lid is closed by pressing its edges with hands until the characteristic sound of the lock operation, after which the container 9 lid eliminates the possibility of spontaneous opening of the container 9, and the containers 9 are brought closer to the claimed device. After that, the operator serving the device, on the remote control 4, switches the handle of the NETWORK switch to the upper position (on the remote control 4, which contains the system for monitoring and controlling the parameters of the disinfection process and outputting operational information, manual controls are not shown), manually opens the doors 3 and, pressing the corresponding buttons on the remote control 4, brings part of the platform 20 to the left or right outside the working chamber 2, where it automatically stops and is fixed in this position for loading at least 4 containers 9 onto it. Having loaded at least 4 containers 9 onto the platform 20 close to each other, the operator moves the platform to the opposite extreme position and through the second door 3 loads the remaining containers 9 out of 8 pieces onto the platform 20. In this case, the gap between the lower edge of the platform and the bottom of the chamber is 2 mm, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the platform and vertical walls of the chamber is 21 mm, in addition, a central longitudinal slot is made at the base, well oz which the upper part of the driving gear ensures reliable engagement with the chain corresponding to the gear, rigidly mounted from the bottom of the movable platform along the longitudinal axis of its symmetry, and the gap width is 4 mm. the length of the slot is determined by the length of the gear chord along the line of the lower surface of the bottom of the working chamber, and the toothed gear itself is rigidly mounted on the shaft, which is rigidly mounted at the bottom of the working chamber on the supporting frame with the possibility of rotation in both directions and is driven by an electric drive located on this frame. The operator transfers the platform 20 to the working chamber 2, where the system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process automatically sets the center of the platform 20 in the middle of the longitudinal length of the bottom 23 of the chamber 2. The specified monitoring and control system has a measuring and actuating part that provides the waste disinfection process. Next, the operator manually closes both doors, while the closed door lock contacts are automatically closed, and presses the button for selecting the waste disinfection program on the remote control 4, then the START button. The process of the countdown of the execution time of the selected disinfection program is displayed on the panel of the microprocessor of the remote control 4, the magnetrons 5 turn on and begin to generate microwave energy at the main wavelength λ=12.24 cm with a power of 800 W each. Passing through segments of rectangular waveguides 8, the main wavelength λ of each magnetron 5 increases due to friction against the walls of the waveguides and becomes equal to λv = 16 cm. types of vibrations, where the indices m, n and p are integers 1, 2, 3, etc. half-periods of oscillations that fit respectively along the wide, lateral and longitudinal sides of the chamber 2, and each index m, n and p corresponds to its highest type of oscillation, and for the type of oscillation Hmnp only one of the indices m or n can be equal to zero, and for the type of oscillation Emnp neither m nor n can be zero. The index value p=0 is acceptable for Emnp fluctuations and impossible for Hmnp fluctuations.

At the same time, in chamber 2, in which the width of the base is a multiple of λv, and the lengths of the other two sides are not a multiple of λv, those undesirable types of vibrations that could occur with a multiplicity of λv of all three sides of the working chamber 2 cannot occur. Undesirable vibrations do not participate in heating waste, but consume energy from magnetrons, which reduces the efficiency of waste heating.

In an empty chamber 2, the spectral density of such discrete resonator oscillations with wavelengths λres depends only on the oscillation indices and theoretically tends to a continuous spectrum at infinity, and the wavelengths tend to zero, respectively. In chamber 2 loaded with wet waste, the quality factor of chamber 2, as a resonator, decreases, high-frequency (short-wave) types of oscillations under the external influence of microwaves of magnetrons 5 are forced to shift to their operating frequency band of 2450 ± 50 MHz and are grouped more densely in it, increasing the heating efficiency.

Some wavelengths λres of higher types of oscillations, calculated by the well-known formula for an unloaded chamber 2, are presented in Table 1 and confirm the presence in the included chamber 2 of the indicated discrete higher types of oscillations and a decrease in their wavelengths (increase in spectral density) with an increase in oscillation indices at the proposed by the authors camera dimensions 2.

m, n, p - indices of higher types of oscillations 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.;

A - the width of the base of the chamber 2, equal to 80 cm;

B - the height of the working chamber 2, equal to 61 cm;

L is the longitudinal length of chamber 2, equal to 200 cm.

See Table 1. - Higher types of vibrations and their wavelengths in the working chamber 2.

From the data in Table. 1 it also follows that with the maximum overall size of one container equal to 36 cm, and its reciprocating movement along the longitudinal axis of the chamber, the wavelengths become comparable, then smaller than the maximum overall size of one container, which confirms the correct choice of the length of the forward and reverse motion of the platform 20 - each container 9 will cross the periodic change in the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields along the direction of their propagation, further improving the uniformity of heating of the waste and reducing the risk of ignition of the waste in the containers.

The speed of movement of the platform 20 at full load is calculated so that when the direction of movement of the platform 20 changes, the loaded containers 9 do not budge. After the “START” signal and the magnetrons 5 are turned on, the platform 20 is reciprocated with the same forward and reverse stroke relative to the center of the chamber, equal to 0.5 of the maximum overall size of one container D _m , and the linear speed of the containers is 0.8 cm /s, the platform 20 begins to move eight containers 9 back and forth, and under the action of the electrical components of the field of many higher types of microwaves, the volumetric heating of the partially drained water and the waste moistened with water droplets in the containers begins. At the same time, the process of volumetric heating of water and its droplets by microwaves is characterized by a synergistic effect on this process of three important factors: since the entire volume of water and its droplets is heated at the same time, the outer layers of water and its droplets have the ability to evaporate into the container space and give their energy to neighboring parts waste and container walls, and the internal parts of the heated volumes of water and its droplets do not have such an opportunity, then the gradients of heat, pressure and vapor diffusion formed in the heated volumes of water and its droplets have the same direction - from the centers of the heated volumes outward, which accelerates the heating of the humidifier and gives the moment of its boiling an explosive character, as a result of which water droplets are sprayed over the entire volume of waste and their further heating. During volumetric heating of vegetative and spore microorganisms contained in infected medical waste, the latter explode from the inside, while, for example, during autoclave heating, the structure of microorganisms remains intact.

Immediately after the start of the heating of the waste, the system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process turns on the fan 14, which accelerates the speed of movement of steam and air from the chamber 2 into the free atmosphere outside the working room, while the replenishment of the air leaving the chamber 2 is replenished due to the natural flow of air into the chamber through the gaps in the fit of doors 3 to the end flanges of the working chamber 2. which do not exceed 0.1 mm in household microwave ovens and 0.4 mm in microwave installations with a large volume of the working chamber.

Then the monitoring and control system periodically, after 15 s, refers to the temperature sensors of the waste in containers 9, and at the moment of boiling the humidifier switches the magnetrons 5 to the low microwave power mode, in which the further process of waste decontamination occurs at a waste temperature of (95-100) ° FROM.

To reduce the risk of waste ignition in any part of any of the containers 9, the control system continuously moves the platform 20 back and forth in the working chamber so that during each movement the microwave power absorbed by the waste is averaged and their temperature is equalized. With such a movement of waste in the chamber, the distribution of electromagnetic fields of higher E and H types of oscillations involved in heating the waste also changes, which also helps to equalize the temperature of the waste and reduce the possibility of ignition of some of its fragments, the nomenclature of which and their number is constantly updated and growing, for example, soot-filled caps in black, the dielectric constants of which contribute to their increased susceptibility to microwave energy.

After the disinfection program is completed, the platform with containers stops in the center of the working chamber, the fan 14 turns off, and the message COMPLETE SUCCESSFULLY appears on the panel 4, the control system turns on an audible signal for the operator about the successful completion of the disinfection process and prints receipts with the date and time of successful completion process.

Next, the operator manually opens the doors 3 of the working chamber 2, takes part of the platform 20 outside the chamber 2, and removes containers 9 with decontaminated waste from the platform 20.

To verify the correctness of the technical solutions proposed by the authors, a draft set of design documentation was developed in the SOLID WORK software product and an operating layout of the device with a working chamber volume of 0.96 cubic meters was made.

The technical verification of the layout of the installation was carried out on the following points:

1. Visual check of the reciprocating movement of the platform 20 with eight containers loaded on it with ten liters of water each at a speed of 1 cm/s for 1 hour with the platform doors open. The result of the test - during the test, there were no failures in the movement of the platform, when changing the direction of movement, the containers did not move, there were no lateral distortions of the platform, squeaks and jams during movement, the installed emergency limit switches of the platform did not work.

2. Checking the boiling time of water in containers.

Point sensors for measuring temperature were installed at the control points made on the surface of the magnetron housings, the places of thermal contact of each sensor with the surface of the magnetron housing were enveloped in a sealant that poorly conducts heat, and their wires were led outside the device and connected to indicator devices. The readings of the temperature indicators were monitored during the tests.

Eight containers 9 were filled with tap water in the amount of 1 l ± 10 ml in each container, the temperature of the water in the container was measured with a thermometer with a resolution of 1°C and amounted to 15°C. Next, the containers with water were closed with lids and the containers were placed close to each other on the platform 20 in the middle of the working chamber 2. Next, the doors were closed

3, turned on the device at full microwave power, turned on the movement of the platform back and forth, turned on the fan 14 and controlled the water heating by periodically, after 15 s, accessing the monitoring and control system to the temperature sensors and displaying the growing results on the microprocessor monitor on the remote control

4. In parallel, the heating time was measured with a stopwatch. At the beginning of the 15th minute, the water temperature in all containers, according to the monitor readings, became equal to 100°C.

Next, the device was turned off, the doors were opened, containers with water were taken out and water was mixed in them with light circular movements of the containers in the hands, the lids were removed from the containers and the temperature of the water in each container was immediately measured with thermometers. Such tests were carried out three times, and each time the water boiled at the same time with an accuracy of ±36 s.

The result of the check is that at the 15th minute the water in the containers boiled, and after removing the containers from the chamber, mixing the water in them and measuring the temperature of the water in the containers with a thermometer, the spread of the water temperature in the containers was (93-98) ° C. During the time of checking the boiling time of the humidifier, there was no sharp drop in the case temperature for any of the magnetrons.

3. Checking the uniformity of water heating in eight containers with a fixed platform.

The check was carried out according to the method of the industry standard OST 11 0367-83, “Household microwave ovens. General Specifications, also found in Microwave Oven Repair, Repair Series, Issue 19, Ed. SOLON, Sapunov G.S. ISBN 5-85954-076-0, 1998, pp. 46-47"

20 pcs. 100 ± 3 ml of tap water with an initial temperature of 15°C were poured into identical polyethylene transparent containers of a small capacity and covered with lids. The water containers were placed in two rows on the platform 20, similar to how containers 9 with moistened waste are placed on it in Fig. 3. Closed the chamber doors, turned on the magnetrons at full microwave power for 2 minutes, but did not turn on the movement of the platform. After 2 minutes of heating, the magnetrons were turned off, doors 3 were opened, and, taking water containers out of the chamber, the covers were removed from them and, stirring the water in them with wooden sticks, the temperature of the water in each container was immediately measured with thermometers.

The test result - the uniformity of water heating without moving the platform is 0.9. There was no decrease in the temperature of the magnetron cases.

4. Checking the uniformity of water heating with a movable platform.

The check was carried out similarly to the previous paragraph, but the platform with water containers placed on it was brought into reciprocating motion at a speed of 1 cm/s. The result of the test - the uniformity of water heating with the movement of the platform is 0.96. There was no decrease in the temperature of the magnetron cases. At the same time, when the waste is heated from 15°C to the moment of boiling the humidifier in 15 minutes, the course of each disinfection cycle is 8 times more efficient than in the closest analogue.

The use of the proposed as an invention "Method of disinfecting infected medical waste with microwave radiation in closed containers and a device for its implementation" will allow to achieve a sharp increase in the disinfection of a significant amount of medical waste and at the same time reduce the harmfulness of the gas-vapor mixture purified from pathogenic bacteria when released into the atmosphere, as well as increase the performance of the device, in addition, when implementing this invention, the risk of ignition of waste during their microwave heating in the working chamber of the device is sharply reduced.

Claims (2)

1. A method for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation, in which moistened medical waste is placed in a container, hermetically sealed and installed in a working chamber of the device located in the body, where the waste is heated using microwave radiation, then the steam-gas mixture from the container into the output channel of the working chamber with further release into the atmosphere, while the vapor-gas mixture from the closed container is passed through the filter element of the lid, and the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria is released through two outlet channels of the filter element into the working chamber of the device, then the gas-vapor mixture is sent to the outlet channel located in the upper part of the working chamber, the inlet of which is equipped with a metal mesh that serves as a screen for microwave radiation, and the outlet is equipped with a fan that serves to increase the rate of emission of the vapor-gas mixture into the atmosphere, purified from harmful substances. impurities and pathogenic bacteria, in addition, the method is carried out using a system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process installed in the device housing, characterized in that moistened infected medical waste in closed containers is installed on a movable platform, which during microwave irradiation of the waste is brought into reciprocating movement with the same forward and reverse stroke relative to the center of the chamber, equal to 0.5 of the maximum overall size of one container D _m , and the linear speed of the containers is 0.8 cm/s, while the volume of the working chamber is made with the possibility of installation in it eight containers, four close to each other in two rows, where they are subjected to microwave irradiation using eight magnetrons installed outside the chamber, then the purified vapor-gas mixture leaving the containers is sent through two outlet channels to an additionally introduced common outlet channel. 2. A device for disinfecting infected medical waste in closed containers with microwave radiation, containing a housing located inside the housing, a working chamber, outside of which magnetrons are made, and in the working chamber there is a closed container with a protective cover, equipped with a block with a filter element and two outlet channels, serving to divert the hot vapor-gas mixture leaving the container into the working chamber, on top of which there is an outlet channel that serves to eject the vapor-gas mixture purified from harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria into the atmosphere, the outlet channel at the inlet is equipped with a metal mesh and at the outlet with a fan, the device is also equipped with system for monitoring and controlling the operating parameters of the disinfection process, characterized in that the base of the working chamber is made with a movable platform, while the gap between the lower edge of the platform and the bottom of the chamber is 2 mm, the distance between the longitudinal edges of the platform and vertical walls chamber is equal to 21 mm, in addition, a central longitudinal slot is made at the base, through which the upper part of the drive gear ensures reliable engagement with the chain corresponding to the gear, rigidly installed from the bottom of the movable platform along the longitudinal axis of its symmetry, and the width of the slot is 4 mm, the length of the slot is determined by the length of the gear chord along the line of the bottom surface of the bottom of the working chamber, and the gear itself is rigidly mounted on a shaft, which is rigidly mounted at the bottom of the working chamber on the carrier frame with the possibility of rotation in both directions and is driven by an electric drive located on this frame, while the length L of the working chamber is in relation to its width A and height B, equal to L: A: B = 2.5: 1: 0.76, in addition, the dimensions of the chamber allow the installation of eight on a movable platform, four close to each other in two rows of closed containers with a maximum size equal to D _m =0.18L for the treatment of infected medical waste CB contained in them The working chamber is equipped with HF radiation with eight magnetrons arranged four in two rows, which are placed outside the working chamber on its upper part in the equipment compartment, closed by a lid, and connected to the chamber through eight sections of rectangular waveguides rigidly installed on it, in turn, the cover of the instrument compartment is equipped with horizontal and vertical rows of windows both for intake of air cooling the magnetrons and their power sources, and for removal of exhaust air outside the instrument compartment, in addition, two outlet channels are additionally installed on the upper part of the working chamber, the outlets of the outlet channels are rigidly fixed in the corresponding holes of the additionally introduced common outlet channel, and the outlet of the common outlet channel is connected to the inlet of the fan, configured to increase the rate of ejection of the vapor-gas mixture into the free atmosphere outside the working room, where: L is the length of the working chamber; A - width of the working chamber; B - height of the working chamber; D _m - max container size.

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